Tu li$u tham kh^o KHAO SAT THVC TRî NG NHAN THOC Vfe GlAO DVC GI61 TlNH CUA HQC SINH L^P 9 TAI MOT S6 TRUdNG TRUNG HQC CO Sd bf QUAN 11 THANH P H 6 H 6 CHi MINH NGUYEN XUAN HU$* T 6 M TAT Bdi bdo di''''[.]
Trang 1KHAO SAT THVC TRi^NG NHAN THOC
Vfe GlAO DVC GI61 TlNH CUA HQC SINH L^P 9 TAI MOT S6 TRUdNG TRUNG HQC CO Sd
bf QUAN 11 THANH P H 6 H 6 CHi MINH
NGUYEN XUAN HU$*
T 6 M TAT
Bdi bdo di' cdp din vdn dl- nhdn thite vi gido di^c gidi tlnh cua hpc sinh ldp 9 tgi mpt s6 trudng trung hpe ca so a Qudn 11 Thdnh ph6 Hd Chl Minh ddng thdi trinh bdy kit qud khdo sdt thue trgng nhdn thirc vi gido due gidi linh a edc mdt muc tieu gido due giai linh
vd n$i dung gido due gidi tinh
Tir khda: gidi tinh, giflo dye gidi tinh nh^n thirc cua hpc sinh trung hpc ca sd
ABSTRACT
Examining the reality o/9'* graders' awareness of sex education
in some secondary schools in District II, Ho Chi Minh City
The article discusses the issue of 9^ graders' awareness of sex education in some secondary schools in District I J, Ho Chi Minh city and also presents results of the survey about the reality of sex education awareness in terms of goals and contents
Keywords: gender, sex education, secondary schools, students' awareness
Dftt van de
1
Tudi thieu nien Ifl ludi cd nhieu
biin doi manh m6 ca ve thi chat lan tinh
than, nhat Ifl nhihig bien ddi ve gidi tinh
6 dp tudi nfly, eflc em phai chju nhieu ap
lyc cd tinh xung nflng, nhat la xung nflng
tinh dpe Phan nhieu eflc em d lira tudi
nfly ludn bfln khofln, xao dpng ve hinh
anh ban than, c6 em rai vflo tinh trgng lo
Iflng, hoang mang, mat phuang hudng
Gia dinh vfl nhfl trudng cd nhipm vy dgy
eho eac em hieu bilt vl nhthig kien thue
gidi tinh va giao dye gidi tinh Thyc tl,
eflc bac eha mp khdng phai ai cung ed
hieu bilt day du vfl khoa hpc vl gidi tinh
NIU cd hieu bilt thi hp cung khdng de
dflng de cap van de nay vdi con eai Mflt
khac, trong cac trudng phd thdng hien nay,
giao dye gidi tinh chua dupc xem ta mpt mdn hpc, chi dupc long ghep vao mpt so mdn hpc nhu; Giflo dye cdng dan, Sinh hpc, Dgo due, KT nflng sdng, Sinh hogl tgp the Hau het sflch giflo khoa dang dupc sir dyng cd rat it npi dung ve giao dpe gidi tinh Cfle li do neu tren la nguyen nhan dan den vipe cac em bj han che nhgn thue ve gidi tinh, giflo dye gidi tinh, do hieu biet Ipch Ige nen gay ra khdng it hp qufl dang tiec Vi vay, khao sat thyc trgng nhgn thue ve giao due gidi tinh cua hpc sinh ldp 9 tgi mpt sd trudng trung hpe ca sd d Quan 11 Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh (TPHCM) la dilu hit sue efln thill
2 Giai quyet van de
2.L Cdc khdi niem
HVCH, T r u d n g Dgi hpc S u phgm TPHCM
Trang 2Nguyen Xuan Huf
Theo A G Khrivcova, D V
Kolexev, "Giflo dpe gidi tinh Ifl mpt qufl
trinh hudng vflo vipe vgch ra nhihig n^t,
nhihig pham chat, nhthig d§c trung cung
nhu khuynh hudng phflt triln cua nhan
each, xflc djnh thfli dp xfl hOi ein thilt cua
con ngudi ddi vdi ngudi khflc" [dSn theo
6, tr.l42] Nhu vgy, giflo dye gidi tinh la
qua trinh giflo dye con ngudi (thanh thilu
nien), nhflm lam cho hp c6 nhgn thue day
dii, CO thfli dp dung dfln vl gidi tinh vfl
quan h^ gidi tinh, cd nep song vfln hda
gidi tinh, hudng hogt dOng ciia hp vflo
viee ren luypn de phat trien nhan cflch
toan dien, phu hpp vdi gidi tinh, giup cho
hp biet to chue tdt nhat cupc sdng rieng
ciing nhu xay dyng gia dinh hgnh phuc,
xa hpi phat trien
Theo Tir dien Tam li hpc: '^Vhgn
thirc la hieu dupe mpt dieu gi dd, tiep thu
dupc nhtmg kien thue ve dieu nao dd,
hieu dupc nhtmg quy lugt ve nhihig hien
tupng, qufl trinh nao do " Viec khflo sat
thye trgng nhgn thue ve giao due gidi tinh
ciia hpc sinh ldp 9 tgi mpt so trudng
tmng hpc ca sd d Qugn 11 TPHCM cfln
dupc phan tich rd ban qua cac ca sd li
luan ed lien quan:
(i) Muc tieu gido due gidi tinh cho hpc
sinh trung hpc ea sd
- Hpc sinh hieu biet diing dfln ve ban
ehat vfl tam the dao dire trong cac quan
he qua lai giiia hai gidi
Hpc sinh co nhu cau hanh ddng
theo eac tieu chuan va tanj the dd trong
mpi linh vuc boat dpng, tir dd hudng vflo
hanh vi, viec Iflm ciia cae em: hieu dupe
y nghTa xa hdi cua cac mdi quan h? qua
Igi giua bgn than vfl ngudi khac gidi; biet
dupe cflch giai quylt dung dan, hpp dgo due eflc van dl cy the cd lifin quan den eflc m6i liSn hp qua Igi; kien dinh trude nhihig 161 cuon tinh dye khong chinh dflng; phan doi nhthig thfli dp khdng dung dfln trong quan hp vdi ngudi khflc gidi [4, lr.59-60]
(ii) Npi dung gido due gidi tinh
Theo G.I Gheraximovic, npi dung giflo dye gidi tinh cd the bao gom cfle van
dl:
Cae van de lien quan den thupe tinh
ve gidi eua tre, din y nghia eua thupc tinh nay ddi vdi ca nhfln vfl xa hpi; Cae van de eua gia dinh va cua cfle quan hp trong gia dinh, y nghTa eua cfle van de ddi vdi tre, eung nhu doi vdi toan
xa hdi;
Cfle van de eua viec tre ra ddi vfl tinh ke tue cua cfle the he;
Cac van de thupc dao due gidi tinh; Cac van de ve sinh gidi tinh [5, tr.26]
Quan diem tren eho thay npi dung giao due gidi tinh gfln lien vdi ddi sdng gia dinh
2.2 The thue vd phuong phdp nghien ciru
De giai quyet nhiem vy nghien eim the thue va phuang phap nghien ciru dupe thye hi?n nhu sau:
(i) Cdch sogn thang do
Bang anket dupc tien hanh qua hai giai doan:
Giai dogn 1: Xay dyng bang tham
do md Cfln eu vflo quan sat budc dau ve nhimg bleu hien nhan thue ciia hpc sinh ldp 9 vl giao dye gidi tinh, eo sd li luan
Trang 3cua de tii nghiSn ciru vJ ket qud da
nghien cilu a m$t so d^ tii trudc, bing
tliSm d6 md du(?c xay dimg gom 5 cflu
hoi md
Giai dogn 2: Xfly dvmg bang thSm
d6 chinh thijc
Qua l<et qua cua bflng thSm d6 mo
l<et h(7p doi chieu vdi co so li lu^n cua de
tii, bing thim dd chinh thiic dupc xiy
dvmg Day li cdng cy nghien ciru chlnh
ciia de tii
(il) Md Id bdng thdm dd
Bing thim dd chlnh thirc gom cd
88 cau hdi, dugc soiin thio vdi cic hinh
thirc khie nhau vi cd 5 mirc dp lira chpn
Trong dd, khich th^ nghien cim chi cd
mpt lya chpn duy nhat
Lien h? vdi Ban Giim hi^u cic trudng dupc khio sit vi chia lim 2 dpt: Dpt 1: Thim dd thir tren mau nhd ciia 4 trudng dupc khao sit
Dpt 2: Khio sit bing bang thim dd chlnh thirc trSn 397 hpc sinh ldp 9 ciia 4 Trudng Trung hpc Co sd: Nguyen Minh Hoing, Nguyen Hue, I.e Anh Xuan va Phu Thp
(Iv) Mdu nghien euu
T6ng s6 hpc sinh: 397, trong do: nam: 190; nO: 207
2.3 Kit qud nghien cdru
Sau 6 thing nghien ciru chiing tdi thu dupc ket qui nhu sau:
2.3.1 Nhgn ihirc cua hgc sinh lap 9 ve gido due gidi tinh
(ill) Cdch lien hdnh
Bdng J Nhdn Ihirc cua hgc sinh vc muc dich gido dgc gidi linh trong trudng
1 ^ Dp Ifch 1
Trung I T - Niiidung , u u 1 "*>• 1 Thy bac
"^ binh V ^ i
chuan
1 Giir gin ldi sdng dao dire linh mi?nh 4.42 0.93 | 1
2 Phdng trinh b| xam hai tinh dye 4 v'; 1.04 2
3 Trinh dupc cic b?nh lay qua dudng tinh dye 4.3."^ 0,94 ' 3
4 De hpc sinh khdng quan h^ tinh dye bira bii trudc ludi
trudng thanh
5 Trinh dupc nhirng he qui xau ciia nhihig hinh dpng
bdng bpt
6 Biet phucmg phap giu v? sinh ei nhan
4.26 4.24 4.24
7 Giiip hpc sinh hpe tip vi ren luyijn tieh eye 4.24
8 Giio dye nhimg suv nghT dime din ve hai gidi tinh 4.23
9 Giao dye ve su phat trien nhan each
10 Cd nhimg hanh dpng ddi sdi ngudi khac phii mpt
each diing din
11 Giao due nhiing hinh vi dung dan \e hai gidi tinh
12 Giao due gidi tinh de eon ngudi phat trien toin di?n
13 Hieu rd hon ve sy phit trien trong co the tudi day thi
4.22 4.22 4,18 4,16 4,13
1,14 4 0,95
1,03 1,14 0,83 1,04 0,96 0,92 1,01 1,12
5
6
7
^ _ _ 8 _ _ _
9
10
11
\ 1 \
13
Trang 414 Hieu biet ve co the vi sy hpat dpng cua co the
15 Khai ni?m nam, nO
16 Dinh hudng sdng dung theo yeu ciu ciia xi hpi cho
hoc sinh
17 Phan bi?t gidi tinh giiia nam vi nil
18 BiSt sy thay ddi ciia hai gidi tinh
19 Hieu biet khdi nguyen eua sy song vi vin de gia dinh
20 Hieu biet tinh cim din den hinh vi gidi tinh ciia eon
ngudi
21 Khai ni?m ve tinh dye
22 Su hda hpp giiia am vi duong eiia hai gidi
4,10 4,08 4,08 4,03 3,94 3,78 3,67 3,51 3,08
1,04 0,95 1,07 1,13 1,05 1,17 1,19 1,23 1,38
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22 Bang 1 the hipn nhan thire ciia hpe
sinh \e myc dich ciia giao due gidi tinh
trong trudng theo muc dp tu '"cao" den
"thap" nhu sau:
Mirc dp "kha cao" gdm cae npi
dung tir 1 den 21
Mue dp "trung binh" chi eo mpt
(npi dung thu 22): "Su hda hpp giu-a am
va duong eiia hai gidi"
Ket qua khao sat cho thfly cfle em
nhan thue dupe mue tieu giao due gidi
tinh d muc dp khfl cao, y thue dupe giao
due gidi tinh la quan trpng vi mye tieu
giao due gidi tinh nham giiip eho cae em
biet giir gin dao due va loi sdng lanh
manh, phong tranh nhihig rfle rdi, benh li
neu CO quan he tinh due trude tuoi trudng
thanh Tir do, cac em eo nhan thue diing
ve hai gidi tinh va cd nhimg hanh vi diing
dan
Van dl nhan thue ciia hpc sinh vl
muc dich giao due gidi tinh trong nha
trudng thi hien d bang 1 dupc xep theo
thu bac nhu sau:
Gid gin loi song dao due lanh mgnh: xep thir 1;
Phong tranh xam hai tinh due: xep thir 2;
Tranh dupc cfle benh lay qua dudng tinh due: xep thii 3;
De hpe sinh khong quan he tinh due bira bai trude tudi trudng thanh: xep thu 4;
Tranh dupe nhihig he qua xau eua nhung hanh dpng bdng bpt: xep thu 5; Ben eanh dd, cac em eho rang myc dich giflo dye gidi tinh la sy hoa hpp am -duang eiia hai gidi chua phai la muc lieu giao dye phii hop, vi lua tuoi cae em ehua that su hilu bilt the nao la am, thi nao la duang, sy hda hop gitra am va duong nhu ihl nao Do dd, myc tieu giao due gidi tinh cho cae em can phai that sy phii hpp vdi lua tu6i de cac em eo the hieu biet mdt each diing dfln
2 3.2 Ddnh gid cda hpc sinh ve npi dung gido due giai tinh duac thue hien trong nhd trucmg
Trang 5Bdng Z Ddnh gid ciia hgc sinh vi ngi dung gido dye gl&l linh
dugrc Ihifc hifn Irong nhd Iruang
Nfi dung
1 Giao dye cho con ngirdi cd d?o dire vi hiuih vi limh manh
2 Giir gin m6i quan h? btin be Irong sang
3 Xiiv dung nhin cich phii hpp
4 Giao dye hinh vi linh mgnh
5 Hinh dfing gidi tinh
(i Giiip y thirc moi quan h? linh mgnh trong tinh bgn, tinh ycu
7 Giao dye tam 11 tudi mdi Idn
8 Sy phit trien ciia tuoi mdi Idn
9 Nhirng vi?e can lim khi co thj trong qui trinh phit trien
d tuoi diy thi
10 Chuan bj cich dip irng khi den tudi dgy thi
11 Giii thieh cie qui trinh xiy ra trong co the dp tudi dgy
thi nhu: ehu ki kinh nguy?t, mpng tinh, mui co the
12 Mdi quan h? tinh cim d tudi mdi Idn
13 Nhan thire tinh yeu mpt cich toin di?n
14 Biet dupe y nghia dieh thyc cua tinh yeu
15 Giio due sue khde sinh san
16 Vin de yeu sdm
17 Trinh bay nhirng ham mudn eiia bin thin
18 Quan he tinh dye giiia nam \ a nii
Trung binh
4,50 4.34 4,21 4,11 4,09 4,08 3,88 3.85 3,67 3,58 3.46
Dp Ifch tieu chuan
1,05 1,21 1.27
1,31 1,32 1,10
1,35 1.34 i.44 1.49 1.41
Thir b|c
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 :
11 3.40 1.42 12 3.27
3.21 _ |
3,08 3,06 2,90 2,56
1.46 1.38 1,52 1,55
1,40
1,59
13
14
15
16
17
18 Danh gia eua hpc sinh ve npi dung
giao dye gidi tinh thye hipn trong nha
trudng dupc trinh bay d bang 2 theo muc
dp tu "cao" den "thap" nhu sau:
Mirc dp "cao" d npi dung "Giflo
dye cho con ngudi cd dao due va hflnh \ i
lanh manh" vdi diem trung binh 4.50
Cac em nhgn thue dupe chinh nhthig npi
dung giao due gidi tinh sg gdp phan giflo
due cho cae em co nhihig hanh vi phu
hpp vdi chuan myc dgo dire xfl hpi, giiip
eho eac em cd nhthig hanh vi giao tiep,
img xir lanh manh trong moi quan hp
gitfa hai gidi
Mire dp "khfl cao" gom cfle npi dung tu2 den 10;
Mdc dp "trung binh" gdm eflc npi dungtd II din 18
Bang 2 edn cho ihas danh gifl ciia hpc sinh ve npi dung giao dye gidi tinh dupc thyc hipn trong nha trudng dupe xep theo thir bgc sau:
Giflo due eho eon ngudi ed dao ddc
va hflnh vi Iflnh manh: xep thu 1;
Giii gin moi quan he bgn b^ trong sang; xep thu 2;
Xay dyng nhan each phu hap: xip thu 3;
Trang 6Giao dye hflnh vi Iflnh mgnh: xip
thir 4;
Binh dflng gidi linh: xep thu 5
Dya vflo thu hgng trong kit qua
khao sat, ehung ta thfly rang cd nhthig npi
dung quan trpng, phu hpp vdi lua tuoi
nhung cfle em Igi dflnh gifl la chua phii
hpp, nhu:
Giao dye tam li tudi mdi Idn: xip
thir?;
Nhihig vipc can lam khi co the
trong qua trinh phat trien d tudi dgy thi vfl
ehufln bi each dflp dng khi den tudi day
thi: xep thu 9;
Giai thich cfle qufl trinh xay ra trong
eo the dp tudi day thi nhu: chu ki kinh
nguyet, mdng tinh, mui co the: xep thu 11;
Moi quan he tinh eflm d tuoi mdi:
xep thu 12;
Giao dye sue khde sinh san: xep thu 15
Ben canh dd, nhthig npi dung giao
due gidi tinh phit hop thi cung chua dupe
eflc em dat d vi tri hang dflu can phai hpe
nhu: Hipn tupng dgy thi, chu ki kinh nguy?t, giflo dye 9uc khde sinh san
3 Kit luan
Sau khi phfln lich dflnh gifl kit qua khflo sflt thyc trgng nh^n thirc vl giflo dye gidi tinh ciia hpc sinh ldp 9 tai mpt s6 trudng trung hpc ca sd d Quan 11 TPHCM, chung tdi nhgn thay rflng da phfln hpc sinh cd nhgn thue dat yeu cflu
ve myc dieh ciia giflo dye gidi tinh vdi mue dp tir trung binh trd len Giflo dye gidi linh la mpt qufl trinh lau dai, ddi hdi
sy kien tri, ben bi Do do, xa hpi, gia dinh vfl nha trudng can phai cd sy phoi hpp ddng bp, thdng nhat, ehflt che trong viec giao dye nhan thiie ve gidi tinh eho hpe sinh Npi dung giflo dye gldl tinh cfln phii hpp vdi lua tuoi, myc tieu, phuong phap, hinh thue td chue; tu dd, giup hpe sinh nhan thue dung dfln ve gidi tinh, ve giao due gidi tinh, hinh thanh cho cac em thai
dp, niem tin va nhihig gia tri dgo due phu hop vl gidi, ve eac moi quan he tinh cam,
eu xu, giao tiep trong eupe sdng
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Nguyen Thanh Binh (1999), Nhiing diiu cdn biet de gido due giai tinh eho con, Nxb
Giao due
2 D6 Ha The Binh (2007), Thue trang viec qudn li gido due gidi tinh cho hpe sinh a
edc trudng trung hoe ca sd tgi huyen Thudn An, tinh Binh Duang vd mpt so gidi phdp, Luan van thac sT Giao due hpe
3 Nguyin Htm Diing (1999), Gido due gidi tinh, Nxb Giao due
4 Nguyen Van Le, Nguyen Thi Doan (1997), Gido due gidi tinh, Nxb Dai hpc Qu6c
gia Ha Npi
5 Bill Ngpe Oflnh (2006), Tdm li hpe gidi tinh vd gido due gidi tinh, Nxb Giao due
6 Huynh Van San (1999), Thue trang nhgn ihuc vd thai dp cua hpc sinh pho thong
trung hoc a mot s6 trudng npi thdnh Thdnh pho Ho Chi Minh ddi vdi npi dung gido due gidi tinh, Luan van thae sT Tam li hpe
(Ngdy Tda soan nh$n diTQC bdt 16-11-2011; ngdy phdn bi$n ddnh gid- 05-12-2011
ngdy ch6p nh$n ddng 27-8-2012)