NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG TANG CyONG REN LlJIYf N HOC SINH , „̂ , ,̂ KI N A N G VAN DUNG TRI THIJC DIA i t VAO THVC IE ''''^^^ 1 T^i sao phdi tang cirdng ren luyfn hpe sinh (HS) ki nang v^n dyng tri thirc dj[.]
Trang 1TANG CyONG REN LlJIYf N HOC SINH , ^„ , ^,
1 T^i sao phdi tang cirdng
ren luyfn hpe sinh (HS) ki
nang v^n dyng tri thirc dja li
(DL) vdo thirc te?
Mdt frong nhimg myc tieu
ve kT nang ciia mdn DL phd
ddng Neu trong khi d^y.bki
"Cdc hinh thiic td chirc lanh thd cdng nghiep" (DL 10), gido vien (GV) yeu cau.iHS vdn dyng khai nipm "hung tam cdng nghi?p" de nhgn biet thdng da dupe ghi ro trong mpt sd trung tdm cdng nghi?p
Chuong trinh gido dye phd d Vi?l Nam, thi viec xdc dinh
thdng mdn DL (ban hdnh
theo Quylt dinh sd 16/2006/
QD-BGDDT ngdy 05 thang 5
nam 2006 cua Bd trudng Bd
GD&DT) Id "Hinh thdnh vd
phdt trien d HS ki nang vgn
dung tri thiic DL de gidi thich
cac hien tupng, sy vat DL vd
budc dau tham gia giai quyet
nhung vdn de ciia cudc sdng
phu hgp vdi khd nang cua
HS"
Viec van dung kien thiic DL
vdo gidi thich cdc hien tupng,
sy vat trong mdi trudng lam
cho kien thiic DL gan bd vdi
cudc sdng, thiet thyc hon ddi
vdi HS, tii do lam tang tinh
hap ddn ciia bg mdn, tao tinh
cdm vd hiing thii hoc tdp DL
c h o H S
Thyc te dgy hpe DL hien
nay cho thay, do nhieu nguyen
nhan khdc nhau, bdi hoc chi
gdi ggn vao ki6n thuc sdch
gido khoa, kien thiic bdi hgc
trung tdm cdng nghiep than se trd thdnh ki nang quen thudc cua cdc em
DL la mpt mdn hpe gan bd mat thiet vdi cdc hien tugng,
su vat ty nhien, ddn cu, xd hgi, kinh te d ngay trong mdi trudng ciia cdc em Chiic nang
ca ban ciia khoa hgc DL Id giiip con ngudi cd nhiing hieu biet ve mdi trudng vd hudng ddn cdch ling xir ciia con ngudi vdi mdi trudng iLa sy phdn dnh khoa hgc DL trong nhd trudng, mdn DL khdng the hien rd dugc chirc nang
dd thi kien thiic DL phd thdng khd hap ddn ddi vdi H S ' i
2 M o t so gpi y ve cdch thirc r^n luy§n HS ki nang van dung tri thifrc DL vdo thyc te
a Trong day hgc DL dia phuong
Dia li dja phuong (DLDP)
Id mdt ngi dung quan-tfpng
xa rdi vdi thyc tB Cd nhihig ciia chuang triiib" DL phd
dilu tudng ehimg nhu rat thdng, nhdm tgo ca hdi chd
quen thudc vd dan gian vdi HS tim hi6u nhihig vdn de
HS, nhung lai rdt xa la Chdng ddt ra ddi vdi dia phuang nai
hgn, khi yeu cdu HS xdc dinh
tinh Quang Ninh cd phdi Id
mdt trung tam cdng nghipp
than khdng, thi h4u het cdc
em dugc hdi deu khdng trd Idi
HS sinh sdng, bdi dudng tinh yeu que huong, ^ t nude, ren luyen kT ndng tim-Mgul, khdo sdt dia i)huang Trong cdu tnic
dk thi tdt nghiep THPT vd thi
M a n Tuat
l;^' > Trudng DHSP,, DH HuS
Ci^en sinh vdo dai hgc va cao dangindm 2009, 2010 deu !ghi ro.npi dung ndy/ i RV I '
' DLDP' dyp© hgc vao cudi
chuong trinh ^ 8, 9 vd 12, vdo, thdi igian< cudi nam- hoc, nen iti.thu hiit dugc su'quan tdm dfia ca GV yd HS, dac biet ddi vdi ldp 12, khi da biet
dui?i trong sdiddojradn thi tot
nghiep khdng c6 mdn DL Efiluitld la mpt trongohhung nguyen nhdn ciia viec HS ihi^h nay biet rat TO Ve DL Hoa Ri, Diic, Phdp.— nhuyg hau nhu khdng biet hoac biet rdt i6'"wS
DL d noi minh sinh sdng Thuc hien diing, dii vasang tao chuang trinh DLDP khdng nhihig trang hi cho HS nhung hieu biet ve dia phuang imd cdn ren fuyen dupe nhieu kT nang DL, dac biet ren luySn
kT nang thu thdp, khdo sdt; he thdng hda va trinh bdy thdng tin DL; bdi dudng tinh cam dia phuong vd su quan tdm den cdc van de gdn giii vdi cudc sdng ciia cac em, tso dieu kiSn cho cdc em trd thdnH ngud^i lao ddng cd hilu bilt'rb
v i dia phuang minh •-Hien nay, mpt sd GV d nhieu dia phuong cd nhilii phutmg phdp dgy hpe ndi dung nay hdp ddn ddi vdi
HS, nhu: Xdy dyng ndi dung DLDP thdnh cac bdi tap nhati thuc d l HS hoat ddng; Xdy dung he thdng bdn dd DLDP k6m theo'trknh' anh, t u l i a i i hinh v l D L D P i d i ! cho HS khdm pha thdng tin; Td chiiii
rv nhdn bai 24/12/2012 Ngay
Trang 2cdc nhdm khdo sdt chuyen de
ty chgn, trinh bay thdng tin
dudi nhilu hinh thiic khdc
nhau, vdi vi0e dng dyng cua
cdng nehp thdng tin; Thi tim
hilu ve dia phuong, C4n
thilt cd mpt djnh hudng th6ng
nh4t eua mSi sd GD&DT vi
day vd hgc DLDP theo chuan
kien thde, kT ndng vd vai trd
cua cdc ehuySn vien bp mdn
DL d cdc Sd trd nen rat quan
trpng trong nhi^m vu ndy
b Trong bdi hgc DL tren
lap
Md rpng kiln thuc bdng
lien he thyc tl, hdi ddp ve cac
vdn dl cua dia phuang
lidn-he true tilp tdi ndi dung bai
DL, khuyin khich HS neu cac
vdn dl dia phuang de trao ddi
trong cdc bdi hgc cd ndi dung
lien quan, la cdch lam quen
thudc ciia nhilu GV hien nay
d cdc trudng phd thdng
Cdc vdn dd dia phuang cdn
gidi thich bdng kien thiic DL
cd nhieu logi hinh khdc nhau,
trong dd thdng thudng cd
nhung vdn dS thudng xuyen,
cd dinh vd nh&ng vdn dd cd
tinh thdi sy
Nhiing vdn de DLDP diln
ra cd tinh cd dinh dupe GV
su dyng trong nhieu ndm day
hgc, vi du: Tai sao giiia mua
ddng, trudc khi gid miia Ddng
Bac ve, thdi tilt trd nen ndng
han; khi gid Ddng Bdc thdi
den, thudng cd mua; nguyen
nhan cua lii Tieu man d mien
Trung; gidi thich ve hien tugng
"ndm" vdo thdi ki sau Tet dm
lich d mien Bac, hipn tugng
"gid chudng" d DBSCL,
Nhieu van de ty nhien cd tinh
dia phuong ddi hdi phdi vgn
dyng kien thuc DL de giai
thicli, dugc nhieu GV quan
tam trong bdi len ldp dd lam cho HS hiing thii hgc tdp va hilu thdm nhihig van de cdn chua rd d xung quanh minh
D6i vdi cdc van de dja phuang cd tinh thdi sy, GV DL ndm bdt vd li gidi dudi gde dO
DL ciing mang Igi nhilu hiiu ich cho HS Chdng hgn, nhihig ndm cu6i thi ki XX, vipc di ddn
ty do d Tdy Nguydn, vipc phd rimg ngdp mdn dl 1dm vudng tdm d DBSCL^ vipc chuyen mgt di^n tich ddt ndng nghipp sang dat chuyen dimg d Ddng bdng sdng Hdng dd gay nen nhieu hp qud ve mdt xa hdi, mdi trudng Kien thdc DL cd dli de gidi thich cdc hien tugng thyc te nay Hodc, sau trdn lii nam 2009 d mien Trung Tdy Nguyen, cd nhieu y kien de nghi xem Igi tac ddng ciia thuy dien ddi vdi lii, de nghi gidm siic ep cua thuy dien len mdi trudng Nhiing tdc ddng tich eye vd tieu cue eua thuy dien
ve mat kinh te, xd hdi va mdi trudng liic ndy, ban bao gid het cdn dugc trao ddi trong cdc tilt hgc DL THPT Ciing cdn thidt nhu vay trong cdc gid hpe DL ldp 12, khi Hen he phdn tich cdc tdc dgng cua cdc hoat dOng trdng lai rirng dau ngudn d mdt sd tinh mien mil, hoat dgng khai thdc khodng sdn ty do d cdc viing rimg ddu ngudn, d mpt sd dia phuong hipn nay
c Trong hogt dgng ngogi khoa
Hogt ddng ngogi khda la mdt hinh thiic td chiic dgy hgc phd biln trong mdn DL vi tdc dyng nhilu mgt cua hinh thuc nay Trong cudc van ddng
"Xdy dung trudng hoc than thien, HS tich cue" hien nay
ciia Bd GD&DT, boat dgng ngogi khda trd thdnh mpt cdng
cy cd hieu qud Cdc ndi dung ciia hogt ddng ngop khda DL rdt phong phd, gan vdi cac vdn dl dan sd, mdi trudng,
du Ijch, tilu thu cdng nghidp, phdt trien trang trai, hdng xuat
khdUj
Td chiic cdc hogt ddng vl tim hilu, gidi thich cdc vdn
dl DLDP Id mpt h-ong nhung bidn phap cd nhieu tdc dung thilt thyc trong ren luyen Id nang van dyng kien thiie DL vao thuc tien cua HS
d) Trong kiem tra ddnh gid
Viec dgy hgc DLDP can dupe gan chgt vdi kiem tea ddnh gia Do each dgy da dgng, nen ciing cdn da dgng hda cac hinh thiic kilm tra ddnh gia Thyc te cho thdy cdc loai hinh kiem tra ddnh gid dupe quan tdm nhilu trong DLDP Id: bai tap, bdi bdo cdo; sdn phdm khdo sat, dieu tra ket hop ca kenh chu va kenh hmh; ket qua thi trinh bay bao cdo, Trong cac bdi ty luan, ben cgnh cdc cdu hdi Idem tra kien thiic DLDP cd he thdng, nen tdng cudng cdc cdu hdi doi hoi vgn dyng kien thuc DL de gidi quyet cdc van de thyc te dia phuong Chdng hgn:
- Theo khdi niem ve cac hinh thiic td chiic lanh thd san xuat cdng nghiep, cd the coi tinh Qudng Ninh Id trung tdm cdng nghiep than dupe khdng? Tai sao?
- Tai sao thdng mua eye dgi
d Hd Ndi sdm hon d Hue?
- Tgi sao can phai chu trpng
ddu tu hon niia ddi vdi vi^c phat triln kinh t | - xd hdi d cdc vimg ddn tdc it ngudi?
(Xem tiep trang 31)
Trang 3e = I ( R N + r ) ( 9 3 )
e
Hay: I = (9.5), bieu thj dinh
R + r
luat 6 m doi vdi toan m^ch
- Phdt b i k djnh lu§t: SGK, tr 52
Ho^t d$ng 3 : Tim hieu h l | n tirgng 6oAn m^ch: Sau khi to chiic tlm hi^u dinh lu$t 6 m d6i v6i t o ^ m^ch, g i ^ vien to chue ho^t dpng tim IiiSu hi^n tupng do&n m^ch vi tich hpp kien thtrc sii dyng di^n n ^ g nhu sau:
_'TitH thiic (9.5): i ^ khi RN = o
( Hai cvrc noi b&ng day dSn dien trd rat
nhd); IMQX = e / r
*Tich hpp kien thiic SD di^n an t o ^ : Trong
d o ^ m^ch thudng g^p trong thyc te
-Hi|n tupng do4n m^ch gly nSn nhftng t4c
hgigi?
-Cach phong trinh?
- HS tri Idi:
Giy chiy n6
Diing cau chi
-HS lifin h? vdi thyc tl:
+ Pin c6 r Idn, khi doin m^ch lim hdng pin +Acquy: r nhd,khi doan m^ch se gSy tic h^i
Ho^t d$ng 4: Tlm hieu djnh l u | t 6 r a dSi \&i tokn m^ch v^ djnh luSt b i o toAn vk chuyen hod n i n g lirgmg:
GV to chijc tim hieu dinh luat Om doi vdi t o ^ maeh xem c6 phii hpp vdi djnh lu^t bao to4n va chuyen hoa nSng
luong khong vk tich hpp kien thiOrc six dung di^n ning nhu sau:
_ Nhac l?i cong thiic tinh cdng ciia ngudn
dien: A = £lt (9.7)
Va dinh luat Jun-lenxo, nhi#t lupng toi ra d
toan m^ch:
Q = (RN + r)I^ (9.8)
_ Ygu ciu hpe sinh nghien c6u s^ch giao
khoa vk dn l^i d)nh lu$t bSo toan vk chuyen
thiic (9.3) va ( 9.5)
£
e = I ( R N + r ) va I =
R + r
K€t lu§n: Dmh lugt 6 m doi vdi t o ^ maeh
h o i ning lupng
* Tich hpp ki^n thirc sii dung di§n nftng
_ Di?n nSng cd the c h u y k hoa thinh nhftng
nang lupng nio? v i su dyjig d dSu?
- Hoc sinh li6n hf thuc t%: Di^n nang Co ^
n i n e (ddng co di^n), Quang nang (chay d^n cbieu sing), l>ni^t ning (dun nau)
Ho^t d$ng 5; Tim hieu hj$u s u i t cda nguon difo: GV td chiic ho?t dpng tim hieu hieu su4t ciia ngudn di?n, ndi dung nhu sau:
_ Tu bieu thuc A = Q, cho thiy cdng ciia
ngudn dien bing tong di^n nang tieu thi^ d
maeh ngoii va m^ch trong, trong dd di^n
nang tieu thu d m^ch ngoii la cd ich Vay
hieu suat cua ngudn dien li:
H = Ac6 (ch / A - Utglt /£lt = U„ /e (9.9)
_ Yeu cau bpc sinh, tu (9.9) CMR
H = R N / Rn + r (9.10)
- Hpe sinh chiing mmh bieu thiic (9.10)
>l09t dpng b: Uiao nbi^m vu ve ubA (li&n b$ kiSn thurc sit dung di^n ndng)