DUY TAN UNIVERSITYNGUYEN NGOC NHU PHUONG – GRADUATION PAPER IN INTERPRETING AND TRANSLATION 2021 FACULTY OF ENGLISH NGUYỄN NGỌC NHƯ PHƯƠNG AN ANALYSIS OF SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF “ WHY IT’S SO HARD TO.
INTROCDUTION
RATIONALE
In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, English remains the most widely spoken and essential language for international trade and communication As the demand for English proficiency and translation continues to grow, it’s crucial for translators to possess not only strong linguistic skills but also a deep understanding of the context and purpose behind each translation A skilled translator helps audiences better grasp the author's intended message, ensuring effective communication across cultures and industries.
Language is a vital aspect of culture, and mastering multiple languages allows access to new cultural understanding However, translation often struggles to fully convey the speaker's feelings, making accurate translation crucial In Vietnam, translation-related documents remain underutilized, yet they are essential for enhancing knowledge and skills Therefore, translating texts on emotional intelligence is particularly important, and I have selected a book that explores emotional intelligence across various situations and professions This book provides valuable insights into emotions and reasoning, offering students essential information to better understand and apply emotional intelligence in different contexts.
I aim to highlight the importance of addressing gaps in translation to ensure accuracy and clarity This article offers valuable insights into effective translation strategies, including correct methods for translating phrases and handling complex sentence structures By exploring common challenges in translation, such as intricate syntax and nuanced expressions, I provide practical advice to improve translation quality Correctly translating phrases and managing challenging sentence structures are crucial for delivering precise and meaningful content across languages, ultimately enhancing understanding and communication.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This thesis aims to showcase my translation skills and analyze the challenges encountered during the translation process It includes thorough explanations of difficult or misunderstood words to enhance clarity The research findings are expected to contribute valuable intellectual and emotional insights Additionally, the graduation paper serves as a platform for improving key skills such as translation and analytical abilities, helping to avoid common errors in future translation work.
This thesis aims to analyze the features, structures, and vocabulary used in the document's sentences It explores various translation methods guided by translation theory to enhance understanding Additionally, the study provides insights into the hospitality business and its environmental impacts, deepening knowledge of this industry’s role and effects.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This article is an excerpt from the chapter “Why It's So Hard To Be Fair” in “HBR's 10 Must Reads on Emotional Intelligence,” from the book “Everyday Emotional Intelligence” by Daniel Goleman, Annie McKee, and Shawn Achor, published in 2018 It discusses the complexities of practicing fairness and emotional intelligence, with key points translated into Vietnamese for deeper analysis The article also highlights the challenges encountered during the translation process that caused some discomfort Finally, it outlines specific issues that need to be addressed to improve understanding and application of emotional intelligence in daily life.
THE TEXT FEATURES
The book has many chapters Due to time constraints, I decided to translate and analyze the chapter "Why It's So Hard To Be Fair" (of the book
"Everyday Emotional Intelligence") In this chapter, the main content of manners as well as how to balance intelligence and emotions in all situations and work.
THE TEXT LENGTH
I only picked out chapter “Why It's So Hard To Be Fair” The translation paper has about 3,700 words, including 30 paragraphs.
THE TEXT ORGANIZATION
"Everyday Emotional Intelligence" has several chapters, and I chose the chapter "Why It's Hard to Be Fair" to translate It is presented through the following main sections:
- Part A - INTRODUCTION: includes theoretical basis, purpose and objectives, research scope, text features, text length and text organization.
• Chapter I is the theoretical foundation of translation.
• Chapter II is the original version of the chapter: "Why It's Hard to Be Fair", followed by my suggested translation
• Chapter III includes analysis of some typical difficult words, idioms, phrases, sentences and structures.
• Chapter IV covers the difficulties I faced and the solutions to help me get through them.
This graduate paper has provided valuable insights and practical experiences, highlighting key findings that contribute to my academic and professional growth Based on these experiences, I recommend that my university and faculty consider implementing support programs to enhance student research abilities and foster innovation These results underscore the importance of continuous improvement in academic resources and mentorship to optimize graduate outcomes.
THE TEXT SOURCE
The text “Why It's So Hard To Be Fair” is in the book “Everyday Emotional Intelligence” The authors is Daniel Goleman, Annie Mckee, Shawn Achor
First this book published in 2018 Harvard Business Review Press, Boston,Massachusetts.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
TRANSLATION THEORY
Translation, as defined by Merriam-Webster Dictionary (1974), involves converting content from one form to another or turning it into a different language Various authors have provided alternative definitions of translation, highlighting its broad scope and significance in communication and language transfer Understanding these different perspectives emphasizes the importance of accurate and effective translation in bridging language barriers and facilitating cross-cultural understanding.
Translation involves replacing textual material in the source language with equivalent content in the target language, facilitating cross-linguistic communication It is a process that conveys messages across linguistic and cultural barriers, ensuring meaning is preserved between diverse languages and cultures.
- Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text (Peter Newmark)
Translation involves transforming the form of the source language—such as words, phrases, and sentences—into that of the target language The primary goal is to accurately transfer the meaning from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL), ensuring the semantic content remains unchanged while the form changes Effective translation requires not only understanding the general meaning but also comprehending the cultural context of the communication Ultimately, translation is about conveying meaning through a shift in form, preserving the original message while adapting to a different linguistic and cultural framework.
PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF TRANSLATION
There are some general translation principles which are relevant to all types of translation.
The translation should reflect accurately the meaning of the original text Nothing should be arbitrarily added or removed, though occsionally part of the meaning can be transposed.
In translating legal documents, guarantees, and contracts, maintaining the original word and idea order is crucial However, language structure differences often necessitate adjustments in wording and sequence When unsure, underline the words in the original text that carry the primary emphasis to ensure accurate translation.
Languages vary significantly in their levels of formality depending on the context, such as in business letters To ensure accurate translation, translators must identify and differentiate between formal or fixed expressions and personal expressions This distinction is essential because it helps set the appropriate tone, whether formal or informal, for the intended communication Proper understanding of these differences enhances both the clarity and appropriateness of the translated content, aligning with the social and cultural expectations of the audience.
A common criticism of translation is that it often lacks a natural sound, as translators tend to be heavily influenced by the original text's wording and structure To produce more authentic and fluid translations, one effective technique is to set the source material aside and translate a few sentences aloud from memory This approach helps reduce source language interference and fosters more natural, idiomatic translation.
This will suggest natural patterns of thought in the first language, which may not come to mind when the eye is fixed on the source language text.
A translator must maintain the original style of the text; however, if the source material is poorly written or contains unnecessary repetitions, the translator is justified in making corrections to enhance clarity and readability for the reader.
Idiomatic expressions, such as similes, metaphors, proverbs, sayings, jargon, slang, colloquialisms, and phrasal verbs in English, are notoriously difficult to translate accurately When direct translation is impossible, consider retaining the original phrase in inverted commas, or keeping the expression with a literal explanation in brackets Alternatively, you can use a close equivalent or opt for a non-idiomatic, plain prose translation to convey the same meaning effectively.
( http://qutranslation.weebly.com/principles-of-translation.html)
1 There are eight types of translation: word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation, adaptive translation, free translation, idiomatic translation, and communicative translation.
2 Word For Word translation: The SL word order is preserved and the words translated by their most common meanings Cultural words are translated literally
The main use of this method is either to understand the mechanics of the source language or to construe a difficult text as pre-translation process
3 Literal translation: The SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalents but the lexical items are again translated out of context As pre-translation process, it indicates problems to be solved
4 Faithful translation: It attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original within the constraints of the TL grammatical structures It transfers cultural words and preserves the degree of grammatical and lexical deviation from SL norms It attempts to be completely faithful to the intentions and the text-realisation of the SL writer.
5 Semantic translation: It differs from faithful translation only in as far as it must take more account of the aesthetic value of the SL text, compromising on 7meaning where appropriate so that no assonance, word play or repetition jars in the finished version It does not rely on cultural equivalence and makes very small concessions to the readership While
“faithful” translation is dogmatic, semantic translation is more flexible.
6 Communicative translation: It attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both language and content are readily acceptable and comprehensible to the readership
7 Idiomatic translation: It reproduces the message of the original but tends to distort nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idioms
8 Free translation: It reproduces the matter without the manner, or the content without the form of the original Usually it is a paraphrase much longer than the original
9 Adaptation: This is the freest form of translation mainly used for plays and poetry: themes/ characters/ plots preserved, SL culture converted to
TL culture & text is rewritten (From A Textbook of Translation by P. Newmark). https://fr.slideshare.net/dr.shadiabanjar/methods-of-translation- presentation#:~:text=There%20are%20eight%20types%20of,idiomatic
DOWNSIZE invested significant resources in providing a comprehensive safety net for laid-off employees, including generous severance packages that offered multiple weeks of pay, extensive outplacement counseling, and continued health insurance coverage for up to one year However, senior management failed to communicate the reasons behind the layoffs or the criteria used to determine which jobs were eliminated, leaving staff uncertain about the decision-making process.
Midlevel line managers often delivered layoffs awkwardly, mumbling vague remarks about not wanting to perform the task and immediately handing employees over to human resources This unsuccessful communication approach created a negative experience for both departing and remaining employees Even those who kept their jobs were dissatisfied with how the layoffs were handled, highlighting the need for more empathetic and transparent management practices during organizational restructuring.
Many of them heard the news while driving home on Friday and had to
1 KHI CÔNG TY SA THẢI, công ty đã chi một số tiền đáng kể để cung cấp một mạng lưới an toàn cho những công nhân bị sa thải Gói hỗ trợ bao gồm các tuần trả lương, tư vấn tại chỗ rộng rãi và bảo hiểm y tế tối đa là một năm Nhưng các nhà quản lý cấp cao không bao giờ giải thích cho nhân viên của họ lý do tại sao những đợt sa thải này là quyết định đúng hoặc cách chọn công việc nào để phù hợp Hơn thế nữa, những người quản lý cấp trung khi đưa tin cho những nhân viên bị sa thải đã làm một cách vụng về, nói vài câu an ủi về việc “không muốn làm việc này” và sau đó họ được giao cho bộ phận nhân sự quản lý Ngay cả những người tiếp tục công việc của họ, họ cũng không mấy vui mừng về cách xử lý công việc của bản thân Nhiều người wait until Monday to learn that their jobs were secure Nine months later, the company continued to sputter.
The company faced significant legal expenses from defending wrongful termination lawsuits, which strained its resources In addition, poor handling of the initial layoffs led to a sharp decline in employee morale and productivity, forcing the company to conduct another round of layoffs Some employees found out about job insecurity while commuting home on Friday and had to wait until Monday to learn their positions were secure Despite these challenges, nine months later, the company continued to grow, demonstrating resilience and recovery from the earlier setbacks.
2 When Company B downsized, by contrast, it didn't offer nearly as generous a severance package But senior managers there explained the strategic purpose of the layoffs multiple times before they were implemented, and executives and middle managers alike made themselves available to answer questions and express regret both to those who lost their jobs and to those who remained Line managers worked with HR to tell people that
2 Ngược lại, khi Công ty B cắt giảm nhân sự, điều này cho thấy những đãi ngộ khi nghỉ việc không được cao Nhưng các nhà quản lý cấp cao ở đó đã giải thích mục đích chiến lược của việc sa thải nhiều lần trước khi chúng được thực hiện, và các giám đốc điều hành cũng như quản lý cấp trung đều sẵn sàng trả lời các câu hỏi và bày tỏ sự tiếc nuối đối với những người bị mất việc và những người ở lại. their jobs were being eliminated, and they expressed genuine concern while doing so As a result, virtually none of the laid-off employees filed a wrongful termination lawsuit.
Despite initial challenges in adjusting to the loss of their former colleagues, workers understood the reasons behind the layoffs Within nine months, Company B’s performance had significantly improved, surpassing pre-layoff levels.
VOCABULARY
A multi-meaning word is a term that has several different meanings depending on its context, which can be due to its classification as different types of words or because language users add related meanings over time Understanding these words is essential for effective communication and accurate interpretation Recognizing multi-meaning words enhances language comprehension, making them important for both writers and readers in various contexts.
"Dividend" as the sentence "From minimizing costs to strengthening perfor- mance, process fairness pays enormous dividends in a wide variety of organizational and people-related challenges" (Paragraph 3)
Meaning from Oxford learners dictionaries:
(1) An amount of the profits that a company pays to people who own shares in the company.
(3) A number that is to be divided by another number.
"Dividend" has a lot of meanings in the dictionary as: "tiền lãi cổ phẩn, số bị chia, cổ tức, lợi ích" I used the equivalent "lợi ích".
Việc giảm thiểu chi phí và tăng cường hiệu quả trong các hoạt động đã mang lại nhiều lợi ích to lớn cho doanh nghiệp và tổ chức Đồng thời, quá trình này còn thúc đẩy sự công bằng, tạo ra môi trường làm việc tốt hơn cho nhân viên và nâng cao khả năng cạnh tranh trên thị trường Nhờ đó, tổ chức có thể vượt qua các thách thức liên quan đến quản lý và phát triển nguồn lực một cách hiệu quả hơn.
Transparency in decision-making involves ensuring consistency, accuracy, and the ability to correct mistakes It also requires minimizing personal biases of decision-makers and providing ample advance notice A transparent decision process fosters trust and accountability by clearly demonstrating how decisions are made and communicated.
Meaning from the Oxford learners dictionaries :
1 Of glass, plastic, etc.) allowing you to see through it.
2 (Especially of an excuse, a lie, etc.) that you can easily see is false; allowing you to see the truth easily.
3 (Of language, information, etc.) easy to understand.
“ Transparent” has a lot of meanings in the dictionary as:” trong suốt, minh bạch, không thể nhầm lẫn được” However, in this suitation The most suitable meaning is “ minh bạch ”.
Để đảm bảo hiệu quả trong quá trình ra quyết định, cần kiểm tra tính nhất quán và độ chính xác của thông tin Những sai lầm có thể được sửa chữa kịp thời để tránh ảnh hưởng tiêu cực Đồng thời, giảm thiểu thành kiến trong từng giai đoạn quyết định giúp nâng cao tính khách quan và chính xác Việc đưa ra nhiều thông báo rõ ràng cũng góp phần tạo sự minh bạch trong quy trình quyết định Cuối cùng, quy trình ra quyết định nên rõ ràng và minh bạch để đảm bảo sự tin tưởng và hiệu quả trong công việc.
The term "unpalatable" describes options that are difficult to accept or disagreeable In the context of cost-saving measures, it refers to choices like layoffs being considered, but ultimately, pay cuts appeared to be the least unacceptable solution This highlights the challenging decision-making process companies face when implementing austerity measures.
Meaning from the Oxford learners dictionaries:
1 Unpleasant and not easy to accept.
"Unpalatable" has a lot of meanings in the dictionary as:" không thú vị, không ngon, khó chịu, không thể chấp nhận được" I used the equivalence "Không thể chấp nhận được".
Anh ấy cho biết rằng các phương án tiết kiệm chi phí khác, như sa thải nhân viên, đã được xem xét kỹ lưỡng, tuy nhiên việc cắt giảm lương dường như là giải pháp không thể chấp nhận được.
“Vein” as in the sentence "In a similar vein, some companies have devised expensive solu- tions to help employees cope with the stress of modern work.” (Paragraph 11)
Meaning from the Oxford learners dictionaries:
1 Any of the tubes that carry blood from all parts of the body towards the heart.
2 Any of the very thin tubes that form the frame of a leaf or an insect’s wing.
3 A narrow area of a different colour in some types of stone, wood and cheese
4 A thin layer of minerals or metal contained in rock.
5 An amount of a particular quality or feature in something.
"Vein" has a lot of meanings in the dictionary as:" huyết quản, tĩnh mạch,vân, nguồn cảm hứng, nét đặc trưng " I used the equivalence "mạch"
Trong một mạch tương tự, nhiều công ty đã đầu tư vào các giải pháp đắt đỏ nhằm hỗ trợ nhân viên vượt qua áp lực công việc hiện đại Những sáng kiến này giúp tạo môi trường làm việc tích cực, giảm stress và nâng cao năng suất làm việc của đội ngũ nhân viên Việc áp dụng các giải pháp này không chỉ cải thiện tinh thần công nhân mà còn góp phần tăng cường hiệu quả doanh nghiệp trong bối cảnh cạnh tranh gay gắt.
“Executive” as in the sentence “Another reason process fairness may be overlooked is because some of its benefits aren't obvious to executives.” (Paragraph 23)
Meaning from the Oxford learners dictionaries:
1 A person who has an important job as a manager of a company or an organization.
2 A group of people who run a company or an organization.
3 The part of a government responsible for putting laws into effect.
The term "Executive" has multiple definitions in the dictionary, including "a member of the board," "laws," "administrative," and "enforcement." However, in this context, the most appropriate interpretation is "transparency," emphasizing clarity and openness in governance and decision-making processes.
Một trong những nguyên nhân khiến sự công bằng trong quy trình bị bỏ qua là do nhiều lợi ích của nó không rõ ràng đối với các nhà điều hành Việc nhận thức rõ về tầm quan trọng của công bằng sẽ giúp nâng cao hiệu quả và độ tin cậy của quy trình nội bộ Khi các nhà quản lý hiểu rõ lợi ích của sự công bằng, họ sẽ dễ dàng ủng hộ và thực hiện các phương pháp đảm bảo tính công bằng trong hoạt động hàng ngày Do đó, việc truyền đạt rõ ràng các lợi ích của công bằng là yếu tố then chốt để thúc đẩy sự thay đổi tích cực trong quản lý và vận hành.
In the context of legal proceedings, making apologies for medical mistakes inadmissible during a trial allows doctors to express genuine remorse without the fear that such admissions will be used against them in court, thereby encouraging honesty and transparency in patient care.
Meaning from the Oxford learners dictionaries:
1 The place where legal trials take place and where crimes, etc are judged.
2 The people in a court, especially those who make the decisions, such as the judge and jury.
3 A place where games such as tennis and basketball are played.
4 Used in the names of blocks of flats or apartment buildings, or of some short streets; (in the UK) used in the names of some large houses.
The most appropriate meaning in this context is "courthouse." According to the TFlat dictionary, "consumption" is associated with terms like "residence, courthouse, palace, royal court, courtship, or seduction." However, considering the specific situation, "courthouse" best captures the intended sense in this case.
Trong phiên tòa, việc các bác sĩ có thể đưa ra lời xin lỗi về những sai lầm y tế mà không lo bị coi là làm tổn thương họ trước tòa giúp thúc đẩy sự trung thực và minh bạch trong quá trình xét xử Quy định này cho phép các bác sĩ thể hiện sự hối tiếc một cách chân thành, góp phần tạo điều kiện thuận lợi cho quá trình giải quyết các vụ kiện y tế Hành động xin lỗi phù hợp theo luật pháp không chỉ giúp giảm thiểu mâu thuẫn mà còn thể hiện trách nhiệm và nhân đạo của bác sĩ đối với bệnh nhân Chính sách này nhằm cân bằng giữa quyền lợi của bệnh nhân và việc bảo vệ uy tín của các chuyên gia y tế trong các phiên tòa xét xử sai lầm y khoa.
Synonyms play a crucial role in enhancing the quality of this text, serving as popular tools to improve clarity and variety However, translating synonyms can be challenging due to the limited options available in the target language, making it difficult to find appropriate equivalents for all contexts.
Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Winston Churchill promptly issued a declaration of war to Japan In his communication, he concluded with a formal closing: "I have the honour to be, with high consideration, Sir, Your obedient servant, Winston S Churchill," demonstrating his official stance and diplomatic protocol during this pivotal moment in history.
(ii) “A study of nearly 1,000 people in the mid-1990s, led by Duke's Allan
Research by Lind and Ohio State's Jerald Greenberg highlights that employees' perception of fairness during the termination process is a key factor influencing their likelihood to pursue wrongful termination lawsuits Ensuring a transparent and equitable dismissal procedure can significantly reduce employee disputes and legal actions Fair handling of layoffs not only benefits organizational reputation but also mitigates risks associated with wrongful termination claims.
CHALLENGING STRUCTURES
A complete sentence consists of a subject and a verb, ensuring clarity and grammatical correctness When the subject is unknown or too lengthy, words like “it” and “there” are commonly used as empty subjects to maintain sentence structure Using these placeholder subjects helps simplify complex sentences and improve readability in English writing Proper use of “it” and “there” as empty subjects is essential for effective communication and grammatical accuracy.
“It spent considerable amounts of money providing a safety net for its laid-off workers.” (paragraph 1)
In this sentence, the subject is undefined, and there are no words to serve as a subject, so the pronoun "it" is used However, "it" does not refer to anything specific and does not act as a typical pronoun replacing a noun Understanding how "it" functions in such contexts is important for clarity in English grammar.
“Công ty đã chi một số tiền đáng kể để cung cấp một mạng lưới an toàn cho những công nhân bị sa thải”
“There are three drivers of process fairness.” (paragraph 4)
The word “there” doesn’t have any difference with the word “it” in the meaning, but “it” can’t be used with “are”, “there” can
Cần phân biệt rõ giữa công bằng về quy trình và công bằng về kết quả; trong đó, công bằng về quy trình đề cập đến các tiêu chuẩn và phương pháp đánh giá của nhân viên, còn công bằng về kết quả liên quan đến việc đánh giá cuối cùng dựa trên kết quả đạt được trong quá trình làm việc và trao đổi giữa nhân viên và người sử dụng lao động.
Reduced clauses simplify sentences by omitting unnecessary words, such as relative pronouns in adjective clauses and subjects with 'to be' in adverbial clauses There are two main types of reduced clauses: reduced adjective clauses and reduced adverbial clauses, which enhance sentence conciseness and clarity Understanding how to identify and use reduced clauses can improve your writing efficiency and grammatical accuracy.
"Even the people who kept their jobs were less than thrilled about the way things were handled." (paragraph 1)
This sentence features a reduced relative clause, specifically a reduced active clause, "who kept their jobs." This clause modifies the noun phrase "were less than thrilled about the way things were handled," providing additional context Incorporating reduced relative clauses enhances clarity and conciseness in English sentences, making your writing more professional and easier to understand.
Ngay cả những người tiếp tục công việc của họ, họ cũng không mấy vui mừng về cách xử lý công việc của bản thân.
“Process fairness doesn't ensure that employees will always get what they want; but it does mean that they will have a chance to be heard.”( Paragraph 5)
This sentence features a reduced relative clause—"that employees will always get what they want"—which is a reduced active clause This clause modifies the noun phrase but does not imply that employees will always have a chance to be heard Understanding reduced relative clauses is essential for clear and concise writing, especially in professional and academic contexts Recognizing how such clauses function can improve sentence structure and overall communication effectiveness.
Sự công bằng trong quy trình không đảm bảo rằng nhân viên sẽ luôn đạt được những mục tiêu mong muốn, nhưng nó đảm bảo rằng họ sẽ có cơ hội được lắng nghe và tham gia vào quá trình quyết định Điều này giúp xây dựng một môi trường làm việc công bằng, tạo điều kiện thúc đẩy sự phát triển cá nhân và nâng cao tinh thần đồng đội Khi nhân viên cảm thấy được tôn trọng và có cơ hội bày tỏ ý kiến, họ sẽ có động lực cống hiến hơn cho tổ chức.
Understanding noun clauses is essential in mastering English grammar, as they can be challenging due to their complex structure Misinterpreting the function of a noun clause can lead to misunderstandings of the overall sentence meaning Properly identifying and using noun clauses enhances clarity and communication in English Recognizing the role of noun clauses helps learners avoid common errors and improves language proficiency.
“When people feel hurt by their companies, they tend to retali- ate.” (paragraph 6)
In this sentence, the noun clause functions as the subject of the sentence
Khi mọi người cảm thấy bị tổn thương do công ty của họ gây ra, họ có xu hướng trả đũa.
“Think about it: Asking employees for their opinions on a new initiative or explaining to someone why you're giving a choice assignment to her colleague doesn't cost much money.” (Paragraph 9)
In this sentence, the noun clause functions as the object after the verb.
Hãy cân nhắc việc lắng nghe ý kiến của nhân viên về các sáng kiến mới để thúc đẩy sự tham gia và đóng góp của họ Khi giải thích lý do tại sao bạn giao nhiệm vụ cho đồng nghiệp mà không tốn nhiều chi phí, điều này giúp xây dựng sự hiểu biết và tin tưởng trong đội nhóm Việc đề cao sự giao tiếp rõ ràng và minh bạch không chỉ nâng cao hiệu quả làm việc mà còn thúc đẩy môi trường làm việc tích cực và tiết kiệm ngân sách.
“Most companies say that they want to promote creativity and inno- vation, but few use process fairness to achieve those ends.” (Paragraph 16)
In this sentence, the noun clause functions as the object after the verb.
Mặc dù hầu hết các công ty đều khẳng định mong muốn thúc đẩy sự sáng tạo và đổi mới, nhưng thực tế lại cho thấy ít doanh nghiệp sử dụng các nguyên tắc công bằng trong quy trình để hiện thực hóa những mục tiêu này Việc đảm bảo công bằng giúp tạo ra môi trường làm việc mở và khuyến khích sự đóng góp đa dạng, từ đó nâng cao khả năng sáng tạo và đổi mới sáng hơn nữa Do đó, các doanh nghiệp cần tập trung xây dựng các quy trình công bằng nhằm thúc đẩy sự phát triển bền vững và cạnh tranh trong thị trường ngày càng khốc liệt.
A simple sentence is a sentence that consists of just one independent clause, and it can stand alone as a sentence.
(i) “Nine months later, the company continued to sputter.” (paragraph 1)
(ii) “A study by management and human resources professor Greenberg examined how pay cuts were handled at two manufacturing plants.”
(iii) “Many executives turn to money first to solve problems.”( Paragraph 9)
(iv) “The bank's operational managers, however, were showing signs of resistance that threatened to stop the process dead in its tracks.”
(i) Chín tháng sau, công ty tiếp tục phát triển.
Một nghiên cứu của giáo sư Greenberg về việc xử lý cắt giảm lương tại hai nhà máy sản xuất cho thấy cách các doanh nghiệp đối mặt với thách thức này Nhiều giám đốc điều hành đã chuyển sang sử dụng tiền để giải quyết các vấn đề liên quan đến cắt giảm lương, nhằm duy trì hoạt động và giữ chân nhân viên Tuy nhiên, các nhà quản lý ngân hàng đã thể hiện dấu hiệu phản kháng rõ ràng, đe dọa sẽ ngăn chặn quá trình này kết thúc để bảo vệ quyền lợi của nhân viên.
Passive voice is the relationship between a subject and a verb in which the subject receives the action of the verb, or the verb forms which show this relationship.
Passive sentences are used to emphasize the action within a sentence The key characteristic of a passive sentence is the presence of a verb in the passive form Understanding passive constructions is essential for enhancing clarity and variety in your writing Recognizing passive voice helps improve your ability to craft more effective and engaging sentences.
“ Potential customers felt that they were being treated honestly, and the practice drew many new sales.” (paragraph 19)
The sentence structure "they were being treated" exemplifies passive voice in the past continuous tense, with "treated" serving as the main verb in its past participle form and "were" functioning as the auxiliary verb This grammatical construction emphasizes that the focus is on the action being performed on the subject rather than the doer, highlighting ongoing treatment processes in the past Understanding this passive voice formation is essential for clear and precise communication, especially when describing ongoing actions or procedures that were happening at a specific time Proper use of this tense enhances the clarity and professionalism of your writing, making it more effective for SEO optimization and audience engagement.
Khách hàng tiềm năng cảm thấy rằng họ đang được đối xử một cách trung thực và cách làm này đã thu hút nhiều doanh số bán hàng mới.
“In fact, the opposite is true: Patients who feel they've been treated disrespectfully file more malpractice suits than those who feel they have been treated with dignity.” ( Paragraph 25)
This structure of this sentence: S (Patients) + V (have been treated).
In which, the sentence has the main verb "treated" in the passive form and
“have been” is an auxiliary, so this sentence is a passive voice sentence in the Present complete tense
Những bệnh nhân cảm thấy họ bị đối xử thiếu tôn trọng thường có xu hướng thể hiện hành động tiêu cực nhiều hơn so với những người cảm thấy được đối xử công bằng Cảm giác bị thiếu tôn trọng có thể dẫn đến sự bất mãn và phản kháng, gây ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến mối quan hệ giữa bệnh nhân và nhân viên y tế Đối xử tôn trọng và công bằng không chỉ giúp cải thiện trải nghiệm của bệnh nhân mà còn giảm thiểu các hành vi tiêu cực trong quá trình chăm sóc Vì vậy, xây dựng môi trường chăm sóc chứa đựng sự tôn trọng là yếu tố then chốt trong nâng cao chất lượng dịch vụ y tế và thúc đẩy sự hợp tác tích cực từ phía bệnh nhân.
Creativity and innovation are often hindered in work environments where employees perceive low levels of process fairness This occurs when staff believe that organizational control is concentrated at the top or that their ideas will be dismissed without consideration Such perceptions can suppress employees' motivation to contribute innovative ideas, negatively impacting overall organizational progress Ensuring fair processes and inclusive decision-making fosters a more innovative and creative workplace culture.
This structure of this sentence: S (their) + V (will be dismissed) In which, the sentence has the main verb "dismissed" in the passive form and
“will be” is an auxiliary, so this sentence is a passive voice sentence in a Single Future tense