Mot so van de trong xay dUng, hoan thien di/an Luat Giao due cfai hoc GS ,TS ViraNGf>)NHHUe Lcri Tod soan Difdn Lugt Gido due dgi hoc (difgc Chinh phd trinh Quae hgi ngdy 13/10/2011) Id mgt difdn Ludt[.]
Trang 1Mot so van de trong xay dUng,
hoan thien di/an Luat Giao due cfai hoc
GS.,TS.ViraNGf>)NHHUe
Lcri Tod soan: Difdn Lugt Gido due dgi hoc (difgc Chinh phd trinh Quae hgi ngdy 13/10/2011) Id mgt difdn Ludt
quan trgng, viafbdn the hiin difgc quan diem chi dgo cua Odng ta vdi muc tiiu gido due dgi hoc nhdm doi mdi, todn diin nin gido due Vlit Nam theo hifdng hiin dgi hod, xd hgi hod, ddn chd hod vd hdi nhdp quoc ti Trong bdi cdnh gido due dgi hpc d Viet Nam bi&i nay dang ed sifphdt triin mgnh ve nhiiu mat thi viic xdy dung vd ban hdnb Ludt ndy Id
rdt cdn thiet Bdn Dtf tiido Lugt noi tren dang tiep tuc duuc bdsung, hodn thien de Lugt Gido due dgi hgc khi ban hdnb, trd thdnh vdn bdn cd gid tri phdp ly cao, pbdp diin hda edc quy dmh phdn tdn trong cdc vdn bdn dudi lugt hiin nay Tgp dti Tdi diinh trdn trgng gl^ thieu bdi vi^ "Mgt so van di trong xdy dMg, hodn thien dudn Ludt Gido due dgi hoc" cda GS., TS Vumig Binh Hue, tap trung nhiiu dong gdp h&u ich cho muc tiiu hodn thien difdn Ludt Gido due dgi hgc, nhdm hudng tc^ viic tgo casd, nen tdng phdp ly quan trgng, thong nhat cho sifphdt triin cua gido due dgi hgc vd thife hien cdc mttc tieu cua gido due dgi hgc Viet Nam trong giai dogn tc^
Hien phap nuoc Cgng hoa Xa hgi chii nghia
Viet Nam nam 1992 khSng dinh: "Phat
trien giao dijc la quoc sach hang dau Nha
nuoc va xa hoi phat trien giao dye nham nang cao
dan tri, dao tao nhan lire, boi duong nhan tai" Sau
10 nam thijc hien Chie'n luge phat trien giao due
(2001-2010), giao d\ic nuoc ta da timg budc phat
trien ve quy mo, da dang ve loai hinh truong dao
tao, he thong phap luat ve giao diJC da dupc xay
dung va timg buoc hoan thi?n, tao co so phap ly
cho hoat dpng giao dtjc 6 Viet Nam Luat Giao di^c
nam 1998, da dugc stia doi, bo sung nam 2005 va
nam 2009 la khung phap ly cho nen giao diJC nuoc
ta, trong do co quy dinh mpt so' vaii de chung ciia
giao diic dai hpc (GDDH) Tuy nhien, Luat Giao diic
la luat khung, quy djnh mot so van de chung ciia
GDDH, cac van ban quy phgm phap luat hien hanh
ve GDDH con phan tan, hi?u It^c phap ly khong cao
Trong boi canh GDDH hien nay dang co buoc phat
trien ve quy mo, da dang hoa ve logi hinh truong va
hinh thiic dao tgo, hgi nhgp sau rpng voi he thong
GDDH trong khu vyc va tren the gioi ttii vi?c xay
d\mg va ban hanh Luat GDDH vtji gia tri phap ly
cao, phap dien hoa cac quy dinh phan tan trong cac
van ban duoi luat hien nay la rat can thie't
Du an Lugt GDDH do Chinh phu trinh (Van ban so 201/TTr-CP ngay 13/10/2011) co ban da the hien dugc quan diem chi dao ctia Nghi quyet Dgi hpi Dgi bieu toan quoc lan thti XI cua Dang voi muc tieu GDDH nham doi moi can ban, toan
d i | n nen giao due Viet Nam theo huong chuan hoa, hien dai hoa, xa hpi hoa, dan chti hoa va hoi nhgp quoc te, doi moi co che' quan ly giao due, phat trien dgi ngu giao vien va can bp quan
ly, tao nguon nhan li^c chat lugng cao, dap ling nhu cau xa hgi, day manh cong nghiep hoa, hi^n dai hoa, xay dung nen kinh te tri thiic, tiep can chuan muc dgi hpc tien tien ciia khu vi,fc va the' gidi Qua trinh sogn thao Lugt da dupc tong ket thyc tien, nghien ciiu Hie'n phap, phap luat, nghi quyet, chii truong ciia Dang, nghien ciiu kinh nghiem quoc te', huy dpng su tham gia cua cac chuyen gia, cac nha khoa hgc Voi 12 chuong
va 67 dieu, d u an Luat GDDH la mgt biic tranh phan anh kha toan dien cac ngi dung co ban ve phgm vi, do'i tupng ap dijng, co cau to chiic ciia
CO so GDDH, hogt dgng GDDH, bao dam chat lugng va kiem dinh chat lugng GDDH, co che tai chinh, tai san ciia cac eo so GDDH, quan ly nha nuoc ve GDDH
Trang 2Duoi day la mgt so y kien tham gia dong gop
hoan thifn di^ an Luat GDDH:
7 Vi chinh sdch cda Nhd nUdc ddi vdi phdt triin
gido due dgi hgc
Dy an Lugt da the che' hoa dugc nhieu chinh
sach ciia Nha nuoc ve phat trien GDDH, tuy nhien,
do'i vol quy djnh "co chinh sach uu tien khuyen
khich cac co so GDDH tu tht^c va co so giao dye
CO von dau tu nuoc ngoai hogt dpng khong vi lpi
nhugn" (tgi khoan 2 Dieu 10) do thyc tv ehua co
nhieu tieu chi ro rang de xdc dinh co so hogt dgng
theo co che khong vi Igi nhugn hogc co ehe Igi
nhugn, vi vgy, can co quy djnh khuye'n khieh cac
eo so GDDH tu thye/co von dau tu nuoe ngoai
theo hu6ng: Khuye'n khich cac co so GDDH tu
thyc va CO so GDDH co vo'n dau tu nuoc ngoai
su di^ng phan Igi nhugn thu dupc de tai dau tu
phat trien hogt dgng dao tgo ciia co so Tuy nhien,
ve khai nifm "khong vi lpi nhugn" ciing can phai
nghien ciiu them de dam bao tinh kha thi vi myc
tieu cua cac nha dau tu la dau tu phai co lai, lpi
r\huan phai dupc phan phoi theo vo'n gop va cong
siic ciia cac thanh vien
Ben egnh do, de khac phuc ton tgi, han che'hien
nay ve vi?c phan bo, quan ly va sir dyng kinh phi
h6 trp tir NSNN doi voi GDDH, dong thdi thue
h i | n Ket lugn so 37-TB/TW ngay 26/5/2011 eiia Bg
Chinh tri ve De an "Doi mdi eo ehe'hoat dgng ciia
cac don vi sy nghiep cdng lap, day mgnh xa hoi
hoa mgt so logi hinh dich vu sy nghiep cong", can
uu tien bo' tri ngan sach dau tu cho dao tgo d vung
dong bao dan tgc it ngudi, vimg cd dieu ki^n kinh
te'- xa hgi khd khan; dau tu cd trgng diem de hinh
thanh mgt so' eo sd GDDH chat lupng cao, phat
trien nghien ciiu khoa hpc ca ban va ling dyng,
cac nganh khoa hpc va cdng ngh^ eao, dat trinh
dp tien tien ciia khu vuc va the' gidi; uu tien hd
trp kinh phi dao tgo cac nganh nghe khoa hpc co
ban, nganh nghe mdi, cdng n g h | cao, cae nganh,
nghe lien quan de'n van hoa dan tpe, cac nganh
dap ling dugc yeu cau phat trien kinh te'-xa hgi,
bao dam quo'c phdng, an ninh ciia dat nudc theo
phucmg thiic dau thau, dgt hang, giao nhiem vu
gan vdi chat lugng hogt dgng cua co sd; dong thdi
gSn lien vdi co ehe sir dung nguon lye de dam bao
h i | u qua dau tu tii NSNN Thyc hi^n day mgnh xa
hpi hoa GDDH dd'i vdi nhiing nganh nghe dao tao
cd nhu cau xa hpi va nguon tuyen sinh ldn; giam
dan sy hd trg ciia NSNN va timg bude tie'n tdi yeu
cau cac ca sd GDDH eong lap tu bao dam chi phi
hoa; cd chinh sach ho trg tryc tiep kinh phi cho cae dd'i tupng chinh sach xa hgi, ngudi ngheo de thy hudng cac djch vy GDDH,
Ddng thdi, thyc hi#n co che gia djch vy dao tgo timg budc tinh dii chi phi hogt dgng thudng xuyen cua trudng dgi hgc; khuye'n khich cac co sd GDDH tu thye tham gia tuyen ehpn, thyc hi?n cac
de tai nghien ciiu khoa hpc ciia Nha nudc theo eo che dau than, d$t hang
2 Vi vdn di liin quan din quy djnh md hinh cdc dgi hpc
Mo hinh dgi hpc hi?n nay da dupc quy djnh tgi cae Nghj djnh hudng dan Lugt Giap dye, trong
dd xae djnh Dgi hpc Qudc gia la trung tam dao tgo dgi hpc, sau dgi hpc, nghien ciiu va ting dyng khoa hge-cdng ngh? da nganh, da ITnh vyc chat lugng cao, ed quyen chii dpng cao trong eae hoat dgng
ve dao tgo, nghien eiiu khoa hpc-cdng ngh?, tai chinh, quan h^ qud'e te'va to chtic bp may VI vgy, can thie't phai quy djnh md hinh Dgi hpc Qud'e gia tgi dy thao Lugt GDDH de xae dinh vi tri phap ly, nhi?m vu dgc thii ciia Dgi hpc Qud'e gia lam co sd eho Chinh phii quy dinh ey the
3 Vi vdn di liin quan din Hdi ddng trUdng
Va'n de Hpi dong trudng dupe quy dinh tgi khoan 1 Dieu 14 d y thao Lugt GDDH Tuy nhien, theo bao cao ciia Bp Giao dye va Dao tgo, de'n nay chi mdi cd 10/188 trudng dgi hpc thanh lap Hpi dong trudng O nhirng trudng da thanh lap Hpi ddng trudng, cac Hpi dong trudng hogt dpng con mang tinh hinh thiic, vai tro, chiic nang eiia hpi dong khdng rd rang, dgc bi?t la trong md'i quan he vdi Dang uy Ban Giam hi$u, H i | u trudng Vi vay, trong trudng hpp can thie't quy dinh ve Hpi dong trudng trong co eau, td chue cua cd sd GDDH cdng lap trong d y an Lugt GDDH thi nen xem xet tren khia egnh khi giao quyen ty chii, ty chiu trach nhi?m cao cho eae eo sd GDDH la Hgi dong trudng se la hgi dd'ng quyen lye khdng phai hpi dong tu van Hgi dong trudng cd vai trd la chit nha trudng, CO chiic nang dgi di$n eho Igi ich xa hpi, thay cd giao va hpc sinh, lpi ich eiia nha dau tu
4 Vi vdn di lidn quan din ca sd gido due dgi hpc
cd yiu tdnUdc ngodi
Theo Ig trinh cam ket vdi WTO thi miie d0 h^i nhap ciia nen giao dye nudc ta vdi the' gidi trong giai doan tdi se day dii hon, vi vgy, se cd rJii^u
CO sd GDDH cd vd'n dau tu nudc ngoai dupe ma
Trang 3trudng dao tgo dai hpc trong nudc Thdi gian vira
qua, nhieu co sd giao due cd vd'n dau tu nudc
ngoai da dang ky va dupc cap Giay phep kinh
doanh, theo dd can thiet phai cd cac quy dinh ve
eo sd GDDH cd yeu to nudc ngoai trong d y an
Lugt GDDH (Dieu 27) de bao dam tinh bao quat
ctia d y an Luat, dong thdi bao dam viec phat trien
hogt dpng GDDH cd ye'u to' nudc ngoai theo dung
dinh hudng, ehii truang phat trien kinh te'-xa hpi
ciia Dang va Nha nudc trong giai dogn tdi
5 Vi nhiem vu vd quyin hgn cua ca sd gido due
dgi hgc
De tgo dieu ki^n ve co sd phap ly cho hogt
dpng ciia cac co sd GDDH, tgi Chuong 111 d y
an Lugt (eae Dieu 24, 25, 26, 27, 28) da quy dinh
cac nhiem vy quyen hgn cy the dd'i vdi cac co sd
GDDH Tuy nhien, quy dinh tgi cac dieu trong
chuong nay cd phan ehua hpp ly, cy the la vi|c
phan chia nhi^m vy, quyen han ciia tirng logi eo
sd GDDH (trudng cao dang, dgi hpc, dgi hpc qud'e
gia, hpc vi§n, vien nghien cviu, eP sd GDDH cd
vdn dau tu nudc ngoai ) chua tach bach, ro rang
giiia quyen va nhiem vy ciia cac co sd giao due,
dd'ng thdi tgi Dieu 28 Igi cd quy dinh chung ve
quyen ty chii ciia tat ea eae loai hinh co sd GDDH
la chua hpp ly ve ket ca'u, cd npi dung triing lap
Theo do, can nghien ciiu Igi chu'cmg nay de
dieu chinh npi dung quy dinh cu the quyen va
nghia vy ciia co sd GDDH thanh 2 Dieu rieng Dd'i
vdi cac quyen va nghia vu nao dgc thii rieng eiia
timg logi hinh thi ke't ca'u thanh khoan trong Dieu
thi se hpp ly hon
6 Ve vdn di lien quan den quyen tu chd
cua cdccasdgldo ducdgihpc
Trao quyen tu chit cho cac trudng dai hpc la
va'n de da dugc thyc hi$n d eae nudc phuong Tay,
nhung Cling khdng phai la hien tupng phd bie'n
Khi nghien ciiu cac d u an cai each giao dye dupe
tie'n hanh d mOt so' nudc cho tha'y ty chii ludn
dupc xem la mpt trong nhiing van de ed't ldi nhat
can dupe giai quyet trudc khi cd sy quyet dinh
nhiing khia cgrih cu the khac Ve co che' ty chii dd'i
vdi don vi su nghiep edng lap, hi?n nay Chinh phii
da ed CO che'quy dinh quyen ty ehu, ty chju trach
n h i | m ve thyc hi^n nhi^m vy, to ehiic bg may, bien
che', nhan sy va tai chinh (Nghi dinh sd' 43/2006/
ND-CP ngay 25/4/2006 eua Chinh phu); da trao
quyen ty ehu, ty ehiu trach nhi?m trong vi§c to'
chiic cdng viec, sap xe'p Igi bp may, sii dung lao
vy dupe giao; phat huy mpi kha nang ciia don vi
de cung cap dich vy vdi chat lupng cao eho xa hpi; tang ngudn thu nham timg budc giai quye't thu nhap cho ngudi lao dpng Co che'tu chii ciing nham mye tieu thye hi?n chit truong xa hpi hoa trong vi^c eung ea'p djeh vy cho xa hpi, huy dgng
sy ddng gdp ciia cpng ddng xa hgi de phat trien eae hogt dpng sy nghiep, timg budc giam dan bao cap tir NSNN Nha nudc van quan tam dau tu de hoat dpng sy nghidp ngay cang phat trien, bao dam cho cac dd'i tupng chinh saeh-xa hpi, dong bao dan tpc thieu so, viing sau, viing xa, viing dac biet khd khan dupc cung ea'p dich vy ngay cang td't hon Ddng thdi eung phan bi^t ro co che quan
ly eiia don vj sy nghidp vdi eo che' quan ly nha nudc ddi vdi eo quan hanh ehinh nha nudc Giao quyen ty chit cho cac don vi sy n g h i | p phii hpp vdi miic dp ty chii va kha nang eiia timg don vi Van de ty ehii dgi hpc trong d u thao Lugt GDDH hi^n nay la va'n de rat dang luu y Vgy, co che trao quyen ty chu cho cac trudng dgi hpc eua Vi^t Nam nhu the nao khi ma ehiing ta da ed hon
400 trudng dai hpc va cao dang vdi cac dgc diem ra't khac nhau, thupc cae dia phuong, nganh nghe, cac Ipgi hinh trudng khac nhau vdi be day lich sir
va dieu ki^n hogt ddng ra't da dgng; trao quyen tu chii theo md hinh nao, miie dp ty ehu de'n dau cho cae loai hinh trudng khac nhau; khi co sd GDDH khdng con dii nang luc de thyc hi^n quyen ty chii thi vi^c thu hdi Igi quyen tu chii dupe thye hi^n nhu the'nao?
Viec ap dyng cac miic dp tu chu khac nhau tai cac trudng khac nhau nhu the nao, de giai quye't dupe bai toan ldn eiia GDDH hien nay la vira md rpng tie'p can GDDH cho mpi dd'i tupng, nhung van phai dam bao muc tieu phat trien nhan lye
va tinh egnh tranh qudc gia Khi giao quyen ty chil cho nhiing trudng da cd dii dieu kien ve nang lye, Nha nudc se cd nhieu dieu kien hon de cd the kiem soat chat che va hiru hieu nhung trudng ehua ed dii dieu kien de tao ra chat lugng Trong khi dd, nhiing trudng tu chit ciing cd dieu kien
de phat huy tinh sang tgo ciia minh de dap ling yeu cau ngay cang cao cua thi trudng nhan lye va tdn tgi thanh edng trudc thach thiic canh tranh ciia nhieu trudng dai hgc tren the gidi, ddng thdi eung gdp phan giai quye't ea hai van de chat lugng va cdng bang xa hpi
Theo dd, de tgo dieu kien thuan lpi ehp cae
eo sd GDDH cdng lap phat huy quyen ty chu, ty chiu trach nhiem, tinh nang dpng, sang tao trong
Trang 4quyen ty ehu ciia cac co sd GDDH tgi Dieu 28 theo
3 npi dung: (i) ty ehii ve thyc hien nhiem vy (hogt
dpng dao tap, khoa hpc edng nghe, "ac dinh chi
tieu tuyen sinh, md ma nganh, hpp tac qud'e te);
(ii) ty chil ve to ehii'c bp may; (iii) ty ehii ve t^i
ehinh Trong dd can quy dinh cy the tieu chi, dieu
kien hoge phan cap muc dp ty ehii eiia cdc co so
GDDH de cac trudng cd can eiV trien khai thyc
hien Ddng thdi, dav eung la co so do cae eo quan
quan ly nha nudc thyc hien kiem tra giam sdt bdo
dam chat lugng dao tgo
Nghi quyet Dai hdi Dal bi^u todn qu£c \in
thur XI cQa Ddng xdc tfjnh: 66\ mdi cdn him,
toctn di^n gido due dai hoc cua Vi^t Nam theo
h i f ^ g chu^n hod, hien dai hod, xa hdi hod,
ddn chO hod vd hoi nhdp qu6c ti, d6i mdi cd
ch^qudn ly gido due, phdt tri^n doi ngu giao
vien vd can bd qudn ly, tao ngu6n nhdn life
ch^t lugng cao, ddp umg nhu cdu xd hdi, d^y
manh CNH - HDH, xay diAig n^n kinh t^tri
thiirc, tiep can chuan miic dai hoc tien ti£n ci^a
khu viTc va the gici
7 Vi ngudn tdi chinh ddi vdi ca sd gido due dpi hpc
Theo du dn Luat (Dieu 7) thi co sd GDDH Viet
Nam duoc to chiic theo logi hinh: (i) co sd GDDH
cdng lap (thupc sd hiiu nha nudc va dupc Nha
nudc dau tu, xay dijng eo sd vat chat); (ii) ca sd
GDDH tu thyc (thupc sd hiiu ciia td chiie xa hpi,
td chiie xa hgi nghe nghiep, to chiic kinh te hogc
ea nhgn dau tu, xay dyng co sd vgt chat); (iii) co
sd GDDH ed vd'n dau tu nudc ngoai: gom co sd
gido dye 100% vd'n eua nha dau tu nudc ngoai va
CO sd GDDH lien doanh giiia nha dau tu trong
nudc va nha dau tu nudc ngoai Nhu vgy, neu quy
dinh ve quan ly tai chinh (ngudn tai ehinh) ciia ca
sd GDDH (Dieu 58) theo hudng quy djnh chung
khdng ed dae thii dd'i vdi edc loai hinh la cd phan
chua hgp ly Cy the la dd'i vdi co sd GDDH cong
lap thi ngudn thu hogc phi tir ngudi hgc (he dao
tao chi'nh quy) la khoan thu eiia NSNN va dugc
de Igi toan bp de co sd GDDH trang trai mgt phan
chi phi
De dam bao phu hgp vdi muc tieu phat trien
cac CO sd GDDH mang tinh eanh tranh bao gom
cd cdc CO sd cdng lap, ngoai cdng Igp va xu hudng
chuyen tir p h u o n g thiie cap ngan sdch eho cae
CO sd gido dye cdng Igp sang hd trg true tie'p eho
nguon tai chinh cua co sd giao dye bao gom: (i)
hd trp til' NSNN (dd'i vdi cac co sd giao dye dupe phan bd nguon kinh phi tir NSNN ed trach nhiem quan ly, sii' dyng nguon kinh phi theo quy djnh ciia Lugt NSNN va ede van bdn hudng dan thyc hien); (ii) nguon thu sy nghiep cua cdc eo sd giao dye phdi bao gdm edc khoan thu tir hpc phi va phi d y thi, d y tuyen sinh, thu tir cae hoat dpng hpp tae dao tgo, hogt dpng khoa hpc edng ngh§;
(iii) thu til' hogt dpng sdn xud't, kinh dpanh djeh
vy va edc khodn thu sy nghiep khdc; (iv) nguon tai trp, vien trg, qu^ bie'u, t | n g eiia cac cd nhan,
to chiic trong va ngoai nudc; (v) nguon tai ehinh hpp phdp khdc
8 Vi qudn ly vd sU dung tdi chinh eua ca sd gido due dgi hpe
Tgi Dieu 60 d y an Lugt da quy djnh kha bao quat ve cac van de lien quan de'n quan ly va sii dyng tai ehinh ciia co sd GDDH Tuy nhien, nen
de nghj bd quy djnh "Chinh phii quy djnh phuong thiic va tieu chi phan bo nguon NSNN cho cac co
sd GDDH" tgi khoan 7 Van de nay se thyc hien theo quy djnh ve phan cap tham quyen tai phap lugt ve NSNN, mat khde ngi dung nay de tgi Dieu
60 cung khdng phii hgp ve mgt phgm vi
Dd'i vdi quy dinh ve ehinh sach mien thue' doi vdi phan tai chinh giiia chenh lech thu chi tir hogt dgng dao tgo, nghien ciiu khoa hgc eua co sd giao dye dau tu cho hoat dpng xay dung co sd vat chat, mua sam trang thie't bi, dao tgo boi dudng giang vien, vien chiic, can bp quan Iy giao dye, phye vii hoat dpng hpc tap va sinh boat eho ngudi hpc la mgt va'n de can nghien ciiu de khuye'n khieh viec dau tu trd Igi cho GDDH Tuy nhien, day la van de can nghien ciiu, danh gid sau hon trong tdng the chinh sach thue'va dieu kien de thyc hien, phai lam
rd dupc cdc hogt dpng ey the dau tu cho gido due, tieu chi de phan biet, tieu chi khuyen khich, neu khdng rd dupc thi se vudng mac trong qua trinh trien khai thyc hien Vi vay, van de nay nen chang can tie'p can theo hudng dua vao nghien cihi quy dinh tdng the tai Luat siia ddi Lugt Thue thu nhap doanh nghiep tdi day de dam bao tinh thd'ng nhat, ddng bp cua he thd'ng phap luat ve thue
Tren day la mpt sd'y kie'n ddng gdp nhSm hoan thien d u an Luat GDDH vdi mong mud'n Luat GDDH se tie'p tye duge hoan thien, chinh ly nham hudng tdi viec tgo eo sd, nen tang phap ly quan trgng, thd'ng nhat eho sy phat trien ciia GDDH va thyc hien edc muc tieu cua GDDH Viet Nam trong