NGHlfiN ClrtJ TRAO E)6l OE MON HOC XAY DUNG DANG THUC SIJ LA KHOA HOC Cd thl ndi trong lich su cac mdn hpc d cac ldp hudn luyfin cua Dang ta thi mdn hpc xay dung Dang ra ddi sdm nhdt Cudn sach Dudng c[.]
Trang 1OE MON HOC XAY DUNG DANG
T H U C SIJ LA KHOA HOC
Cd thl ndi trong lich su cac mdn hpc d
cac ldp hudn luyfin cua Dang ta thi mdn
hpc xay dung Dang ra ddi sdm nhdt
Cudn sach Dudng cdch menh cua Nguyfin Ai
Qudc (vtta dupc cdng nhdn la bao vat qude gia
dpt ddu tifin) ra ddi nam 1927 gdm nhflng bai
giang cho Idp cdn bd ddu lifin d l tifi'n ldi Hdi
nghi thanh lap Dang Cdng san Vifit Nam
(DCSVN) vao nam 1930 Theo ldi, cho tdi nay
cudn Dudng each mfinh khdng chi la cudn
giao ttinh sdm nhdt ma cdn la cudn sach hay
nhdt v l xay dung Dang d Vifit Nam
I Ndi "Xay dung DCSVN" la mdt mdn
khoa hpc Ihi phai hilu rdng dd la khoa
hpc ly ludn mang Ifnh ldng hpp va lifin ngdnh
Nd ddi hdi phai hilu va lam chu dupc nhiing
vail d l CO ban ba mdn ly ludn co ban cua chu
nghia cdng san khoa hpe, eoi dd la nhiing vdn
d l CO sd d l nghifin cttu nhung vlui d l thuc tifin
dang ddt ra ttong cdng tac xay dung dang
Tri^c hel, cdn luu y tdi dac dilm vl ddi
tupng cua khoa hpc xdy dung Dang DCSVN
la ddi tupng nghifin cttu cua khoa hpc xdy
dung Dang nhung nhifim vu chfnh cua nd
khdng phai la nghifin cttu loan bd qua ttinh
lich sir ciia Dang ma chi k l thtta thanh tuu cua
nganh khoa hoc lich sii Dang (cung nhu cua
mdt sd nganh khoa hpc khac) d l nghifin cvni
cdi duong dai, cai dang hifin difin cua Dang
trong eudc sdng, ttt dd d l xudt nhihig co sd
khoa hpc cho vific d l ra cac quyet sdeh ehinh
tri eiia Dang Nhu vay, ddi tupng ciia khoa hpc
la nghifin cttu mdt su vat, hifin tttpng dang vdn
ddng chtt khdng phai nghifin cttu mdt su vat
PGS TRAN DtNH HUYNH hifin tupng da ki't thttc Ndi each khac, khoa hpc xay dung Dang nghifin cuu co thl sdng
ciia Dang ma Irung tam la ddng vien, la chinh sdeh Id bd mdy id chUc vd hdnh dgng thuc liin cua Ddng, Id mdi quan he vd cdch ieng xie cua Ddng vdi nhiing con ngudi vd cdc td chiic
xd hdi ngodi Ddng Nhung ndi dung dy diu
la nhflng v & d l cua thuc lifin ma ban thdn khoa hpc xay dung Dang phai tifi'p edn, nghifin cttu va tdng kfi't, diic nil thanh ly luan Cd thl ndi, ddi sdng hifin thuc ciia Dang ddi hdi ly luan xay dung Dang phai dap ung va dfi'n lupl
nd, ddi sdng hifin thuc cua Dang la ddi sdng ciia ly luan xay dung Dang phat triln Khdng
cd CO sd ay, khoa hpc xay dung Dang khdng tdn tai va ngupc lai nfi'u khdng ed ly luan xay dung Dang thi boat ddng eua Dang, ndi theo each ndi cua Hd Chi Minh la nhu ngudi di dfim md mdm, khdng cd den, dudc soi dudng
Thie hai, cdn thdy DCSVN la dang lanh dao
ddng thdi la dang cdm quyin ttong hfi thdng chmh tri nhat nguyen, ttong chfi' dp ddn chu va nha nudc phap quyen Ba van dfi ldn dang vtta
duoc xay dung, lai vtta thuc thi la.' nin kinh le thl irudng dinh hudng XHCN, chi do ddn chu XHCN vd nhd nudc phdp quyin XHCN Kinh te
thl trudng dan ehu va phdp quyen da cd ly thuyet ttt lau, nhung nd mang ban chat TBCN Vail de dat ra ddi vdi su lanh dao cua DCSVN
Id ldm cho nd mang bdn chdt XHCN Nhung tdt
ca nhung ndi dung dd deu chua cd liln Ifi ttong Uch su, diu phai tten co sd thuc tifin ma phat ttiln ly luan Chfnh thuc tifin sinh ddng dy la minh ehiing eho su diing ddn ciia Iy luan xay
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Trang 2dung Dang va cae mdn khoa hpc khac thudc
pham vi ehfnh tti hpe Do vay, noi dung giang
day vc xSy dimg DCSVN bifin nay vdi linh
each la mdt mdn khoa hpc at phai gdn vdi thttc
tifin, do Ihuc tifin ddi hdi va nd chi ed Ihl tdn lai
va pbal triln mdt khi nd dap ung dupc yeu edu
ciia cude sdng Ttte la yfiu cau su lanh dao eiia
Dang phai dap ttng, phai ttt thue ticn lam sang
td vi tti, vai ttd, chttc nang, ndi dung va phutmg
thttc hoat dpng cua Dang
2Cude sdng hicn ddi va phat tnln khdng
ngiing Vdi tfnh each la khoa hpc ly luan,
npi dung giang day vl xay dung DCSVN phai
gdn vdi su van ddng va phai tnen dy Hd Chi
Minh la nha ly luan xay dung dang cdng san
sang tao Ngudi khdng ehi can ctt vao nhung
kifi'n thttc kinh dien mang tinh ban lam, ma
Ngudi ludn lay thue tifin lam co sd de ung dung
ly luan va bd sung cho Iy ludn Chung ta dfiu
bifi't rang ngay ttt nhiing nam 20 cua the ky
trude, khi cac lanh tu va cac ly Iuan gia ciia
phong ttao cdng san qudc te' nhdn manh dfin
chu nghia qud'c tfi' vd san, eoi mpi phong trao
ddn tpc deu phu thudc vao cupc dau ttanh gifla
giai cdp vd san va giai cdp tu san tten loan the
gidi, kich Iiet phe phan ehu nghia dan tdc thi
Ianh tu Nguyfin Ai Qudc (sau nay la Chu ticb
Hd Chi Minh) da tifi'p edn van d l dan tdc theo
quan dilm thue tifin va phuong phap bifin
chttng mac-xit da ly giai van d l dan tdc mdi
each ddc Idp, dua trfin su nghifin eiiu sau sde
lich su va co sd xa hdi b Vifil Nam Chinh vi
vdy, Ngudi da giai quyei ihanh cdng nhiem vu
giai phdng ddn tdc d \'ict Nam va qua thuc tc
da gdp phdn bd sung cho Chu nghia Mac cd sd
xa hpi hpc d phuong Ddng, Iam eho Chu nghia
Mae ludn la mot hpc thuyfi't sang tao va phdt
trifin Ngudi da vie't trong Bdo cdo vi Bdc kv,
Trung ky vd Nam ky (nguyen ban bdng tifi'ng
Phap, luu tai Mat-xco-va nam 1924) nhu sau:
"Du sao thi ciing khdng thl cam bd sung "cd
sd lich su" cua Chu nghia Mae bdng each dua
thfim vao dd nhflng ttt hfiu ma Mac b thdi minh
khdng Ihl cd dupe Mac xdy dung hpc Ihuylt cua minh trfin mdi trifi'l ly nhdt dinh cua lich sir, nhung lieh su nao? Lieh su chdu Au Ma chdu
Au la gi? Dd chua phai la loan Ihl nhdn loai"'" Trong khi Qude tfi III nhdn manh da'u ttanh giai cdp Id ddng Iuc duy nhd't eua mpi xa hdi
cd dp bttc, bdc lot, Ihi Nguyfin Ai Qude luy khdng phan ddi nhung Ngttdi bdng thuc tifin
da khang dinh d Viel Nam: "Chu nghia dan tdc la ddng luc Idn cua dd't nude Chu nghia dan lde da hien dai hda Chinh Ihanh nifin An Nam ngay nay dang chi dao nd"'^' Quan dilm cua Ngudi khd ma dupc chdp nhdn ddi vdi cac nha Iy Iudn mdc-xft chinh Ihd'ng khi dy Irong Qud'c lc Cdng san Mac du bi phfi phan, bi quy chup la theo chu nghla ddn tdc hep hdi ttai vdi chil ngbia qud'c te vd san nhttng Nguyfin Ai Qud'c van kien tti khang dinh dd la "mdi chinh sach mang tfnh hifin thuc luyet vdi Gid day, ngudi ta se khdng thl Iam gi dupc cho ngudi
An Nam ne'u khdng dua tten cac ddng lue vT dai, va duy nha't cua ddi sdng xa hdi ciia hp"'^' Theo Nguyfin Ai Qudc khi cupc ddu Iranh giai phdng dan tdc do giai cdp vd san lanh dao gidnh dupc thdng Ipi thi "Iuc dd, nhat dinh chii nghia dan tdc ay se bie'n thanh ehu nghia qudc tfi""'*' La mdt chien si qudc t l , Nguyfin Ai Qud'c kifin tti ddu ttanh chd'ng ehii nghia de qud'c va da cd nhilu nd luc nhdm thttc linh linh Ihdn dan ldc, ddu ttanh chdng chu nghia thttc dan cua edc ddn tdc thudc dia Khdu hifiu "Lao ddng idl ca cac nttdc doan kfi't lai!" do Nguyfin
Ai Qudc de xudng ttong bao Le Paria - Ngttdi
cung khd - da chttng id quan diem ve chu nghia ddn tpc ciia Ngudi hoan loan khdng phai
la quan diem ddn tdc hep hdi ma la chu nghia ddn ldc chdn cbfnh bdt ngudn ttt chu nghia yfiu nudc truyen thdng cua Viet Nam kfi't hpp vdi
lu ludng cLia C.Mac va Ph.Ang-ghen trong
Tuyen ngon cua Ddng Cgng sdn: " giai cdp
vd san mdi nudc trudc hfi't phai gianh Idy chmh quyin, phai tu xdy dung thanh mdt giai cdp ddn tdc, phai tu minh ttd thanh dan
Trang 3Idc "*^-NGHlfiN Cim - TRAO D 6 I
Chung ta diu bifi't rdng C.Mac va
Ph.Ang-ghen da ehi ro dang cdng san phai Id id chttc
cdch mang bao gdm nhttng phdn ttt tifin tifi'n
ttong phong ttdo edng nhdn dupc gidc ngd bdi
thl gidi quan duy vat vd bifin chttng, cd y ihttc
ro rfil vl stt mfinh lich stt cua minh Id lifiu difit
CNTB, xay dung CNCS ttfin loan thfi'gidi Khi
CMdc va Ph.Ang-ghen qua ddi, V.I.Lfi-nin da
xay dung hpe thuye't v l dang kilu mdi, khdng
dinh dang cdng san la su kfi't hpp ehu nghla
Mac vdi phong ttdo cdng nhdn, phai xdy dung
dang bao gdm ca ba mdt chinh tri, tu tudng va
td chttc Khi V.I.Lfi-nin qua ddi nhilu dang
cdng san trfin t h l gidi da khdng dinh dang
cdng san Id stt kfi't hpp Chu nghia Mac-Lfinin
vdi phong ttao cdng nhan Hd Chi Minh ttt
Ihuc lifin nttdc ta ma khdng dinh DCSVN ra
ddi la qud ttinh kfi't hpp Chii nghia Mac-Lfinin
vdi phong ttdo cdng nhdn vd phong trdo yeu
nudc b Vifit Nam Khdng thl Irinh bay ddy dii
Tu tudng Hd Chl Minh vl xay dung Dang
ttong mdt bai vifi'l ngdn Trong mdt d l ldi cdp
nha nude nghifin cttu Tu tudng Hd Chf Minh
vl dang cdng san do ldi (PGS Trdn Dinh
Huynh) Iam chu nhifim, da dupc Hdi ddng
nghifim Ihu cdp nha nudc ddnh gid xudt sdc,
chung tdi da chttng minh rdng cd thl khdng
dinh Tu Ittdng Hd Chf Minh vl dang cdng san
Id Hpc thuyfit vl dang kilu mdi, lilp sau Hpc
thuylt vl dang kieu mdi cua V.I.Lfi-nin
Ld mdt bd mdn khoa bpc ihi phdi co ddi
tuang, he thdng phgm tru quy ludt vd phuang
phdp nghien ciiu ddc thu, khdng the chdng
cheo, triing lap vdi ndi dung cdc mdn khoa hpc
khac Hpc thuyfi't Hd Chf Minh vl xay dimg
DCSVN se cho ta ddy du nhiing yfiu cdu eua
mdt mdn khoa hpc nhu da ndi d ttfin, ddng
thdi nd cdn chi ra mdt cdch vtta dfi hieu, vtta
sau sdc ca vl phucmg phdp ludn nghifin cttu
cung nhu phuong cham I;^ luan phai gdn vdi
Ihue lifin, ttt thuc tifin ma phdl Irie'n ly Iuan,
hoc di ddi vdi hanh theo mdt hfi thdng md cho
nhung ngudi lam Iy luan each mang d Vifit
Nam ndi chung vd 1^ Iuan vl xay dttng
DCSVN ndi rifing Trong eudn "Siia ddi ldi ldm viec" xudt ban thdng 10-1947, Hd Chf
Minh Iai nhdn manh mdt Idn nfla; "Ly Iudn Id dem thuc te trong lich stt, trong kinh nghifim, ttong cde eudc dd'u tranh, xem xfit, so sanh that ky Iuong ro rang, Iam thanh kfi't Iudn Rdi lai dem nd chttng minh vdi thire lfi' Dd la Iy luSn chdn chfnh"'*'
Dai hdi XI cua Dang da ehi ro nhifim vu hpc tap ly Iudn eua mpi dang vifin, edn bd, ddng thcri ddi hdi khoa hpc xay dung Dang phai vuon lfin giai dap vl mat Iy Iuan nhiing yfiu cdu cua thuc lifin dang dat ra mdt cdch edp bdeh: "Chu ddng phdng ngtta, ddu ttanh, phfi phdn nhung bilu hifin "tu difin bifi'n", "lu
chuyen hda" trong ndi bd ta; khic phuc su suy
thodl v l tu tudng ehinh tri, dao dttc, Idi sdng ttong mpt bd phan khdng nhd cdn bd dang vifin Gitt gin su doan kfi'l, thd'ng nhdt Irong Dang, su ddng thuan xa hdi "'^' Dd chfnh la khoa hpc ly luSn xay dttng DCSVN hifin nay
va nhung ndi dung dy da dupc cu thl hda ttong
ba vail d l cdp bach vl xdy dung Dang ma Nghi quyfi't Trung uong 4 (khda XI) da d l ra Vific thue hifin Nghi quyfi't ttd ihanh eo sd thuc lifin cua khoa hpc ly luan xdy dung Dang C.Mae thieh nhde lai edu tho cua dai thi hao Gdt ring: "Mpi Iy thuye't deu xdm chi cd cay ddi mai mai xanh tuoi" Khoa hpe xay
dttng Dang cung chi gdn vdi "cay ddi" vdi
thuc tiln thi nd mdi cd sttc sdng thanh xudn Sttc thanh xuan vd hdp ddn cua nd chfnh la d tmh cdp thilt, tfnh huu fch gdn liln vdi cude sdng, sinh mfinh eua Dang a
(1,2,3,4) Ho Chi Minh todn tap, NXBCTQG H.1995, tap 1, tr.465 466, 467 (5) CMdc vd PhAng-ghen, Tuyen tap, NXBST H.1980 tap 1, tr.565 (6) Hd Chi Minh todn tap, NXBCTQG, H.1995 tap 5, tr 223 (7) DCSVN Vdn kien dgi hdi dgi biiu lodn qudc ldn thd XI, NXBCTQG, H.2011, tr.257
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