GIJiNG DAY Sjf KIEN NGUYh TAT THANH Dl TIM D H O N G CllU NUttl TRONG B 6 I ( M H HOI NHAP QUOC TE HIEN NAY TS TRAN QUOC TUAN* Trong chudi nhifng su kien lien quan de''''n qui trinh tim dudng cuu nude va[.]
Trang 1GIJiNG DAY Sjf KIEN NGUYh TAT THANH Dl TIM DHONG CllU NUttl TRONG B 6 I ( M H HOI NHAP QUOC TE HIEN NAY
TS TRAN Q U O C TUAN*
Trong chudi nhifng su kien lien quan de'n qui
trinh tim dudng cuu nude va sang lap Dang
Cdng san Viet Nam cua lanh tu Nguyin Ai Qudc,
sukien Nguyin Tat Thanh ra ditim dudng cuu nude,
ngay 5/6/1911 la mpt sukien cdtinh chat "cich man^',
tac ddng to Idn khdng chidd'l vdi ban than ngudi thanh
nien yeu nude Nguyin Tat Thanh, mica toan bd tie'n
trinh each mang Viet Nam ve sau De'lam nd'i bat tam
quan trpng cua su kien, giao vien (GV) can chu y tdi
viee phan tich ve ddng ca, muc dich, budng dl va
phuang thue di cua Ngudi ed gi khac vdi nhifng thehe
tmdc day; tddd, khang djnh tinh dung dan, nhay ben,
sang sud't trong quyet djnh ciia ngudi thanh nien tre
tud'i • Nguyin Tat Thanh
1 Ve dong ca, muc dich di tim dudng ciru
nuac cua Nguyin Tat Thanh
Tirtmde tdi nay, khi giang day van de nay, G V thudng
chii y de'n viec chifng minh eho ngudi hpe nhan thdc
dupe tinh trong sing, dung dan trong ddng ea, muc
dich ra nude ngoai cua Nguyen Tat Thanh; bae bd
nhung luan dieu xuyen tac eho ring, ddng ea ra nude
ngoai eua Ngudi la do ngudi cha cda minh - Nguyin
Sinh sic, bj each chuc, ddng thdi de'tim dudng edng
danh trong chdn quan tmdng eho rieng ban than Bing
nhung sukien ljch sukhach quan, chung ta cdday du
bing chdng debae bd hoan toan nhifng luan dieu sai
trai, cd dung y khdng tdt tren eua mdt sd nha nghien
cdu nude ngoai va mdt vai ke xa'u mudn phu nhan,
xuyen tac dpng cara ditim dudng cdu nude cua Ngudi
Trong bd'i canh dat nude dang hdi nhap qud'c te
sau rdng nhu hien nay, GV can hudng dan cho hpc
sinh (HS) nhan thdc dupe ring, ben canh muc dich
tim con dudng giai phdng dan tda, su ra dl eua N gudi
cdn nhim hudng tdi mgt nin vin minh mdi - van
minh kTthuat, mong mudn hpe hdi nhifng "ciihay",
"tien bg"ciia nen van minh dd, de ve giai phdng va
xay dung dait nude, dem lai cudc sd'ng am no, tu do,
hanh phue eho ddng bao
Nhifng nim dau the'ki XX, tmdc hpa ngoai xam,
cac thehe cha anh da dung len thuc hien cudc khang
chien dudi nhieu hinh thdc khic nhau, nhung eud'i eiing deu that bai Cich mang Viet Nam lam vao tinh trang khung hoang ve dudng ldi, ve giai cap lanh dao Trude bd'i canh dd, nhieu ngudi Viet Nam ra dl tim dudng giai phdng din tdc, trong dd ed Nguyin Tat Thanh Trong hanh trang cila nhifng ngudi di tim dudng cifu nude luc bay gid deu cd mdt die'm chung,
dd liidng yeu nude sau sic, vdiy chi quye't tam danh dud'i thue dan Phap Nhung, d Nguyen Tat Thanh, ngoai Idng yeu nude, y ehi danh Phap, gianh dpe lap
dan tdc, edn la tinh cam yiu nude gin lien vdi Idng thuang yiu dan tha thiit Dieu do dan de'n viee lua
ehpn con dudng euu nude dung din eho each mang Viet Nam sau nay
Trong khi nhifng ngudi yeu nude khac nhu Tdn That Thuye't, Hoang Hoa Thim, Phan Bdi Chau, dit mue tieu danh dud'i thue dan Phap, gianh ddc lap dan tpc, sau dd khdi phue lai ehedd phong kie'n, hoac thie't lap chedd quan ehu lap hien, eao ban la che dp cdng hda tu san thi Nguyen Ai Qud'c ngay tddau da xac djnh muc tieu nha't quan, xuyen sudt trong cude
ra di cda Ngudi la phai tim con dudng de vda giinh dugcdgciapeho Toquie, vda mang laitudovi hanh phue cho nhin dan
Trong sudt hanh trinh tim dudng cifu nude
(1911-1920), Ngudi "khdng cd mdt phut nio quin Toquie minh dang bigiiyxeo vi dong bio minh dang bi ip bdd (1; tr.68) Vdi Idng yeu thuang ddng bao vd han,
khi de'n bat cu nai dau tren trai dat nay^ chdng kie'n nhifng canh ddi bat hanh, khddau, Nguyin Tat Thanh deu lien tudng, nhdvenhan dan Viet Nam.OenOleca, khi ehung kie'n canh nhifng ngudi da den bi bpn Phap bit nhay xud'ng bien trong lue sdng dang rat Idn, Ngudi
da khdc, nhdial canh tupng tmdc day da tin mit thay d
PhanRang:BgnPhipcudisicsua trong khidong bao
ta chit duoi vi chung nd(^•, tr.40-41) Hay nhu khi tdi
nude MT, can canh nhung manh ddi dau khdcua ngudi
da den vanhan dan lao ddng ngheo dnudc nay, Nguyin
(ki2-1/2014)
' Khoa licli sif, Tnroing Dai lipc Quy NliDii
Tap chi Gido due so 326 37
Trang 2Tat Thanh da so sanh hp vdi ngudi dan Viet Nam
Tddd, Ngudi nhan thay dii mau da khac nhau, du sd'ng
trong mdt nude da gianh dupe ddc lap ban 100 nam
nay va la nude tu ban phat trie'n, nhung ngudi dan MT
van khdng sung sudng, hanh phue; tham chi cdn dau
kho ban nhieu khi te phan biet chdng toe d i lan tran
khip dat nude nay Sang nude Anh, khi dpe dupe tin
tren bao ve viee thj tmdng Code - mpt nha yeu nude
cua Alxolen, tha tuyet thuc eho de'n chet ehunhat djnh
khdng dau hang thuc dan Anh, Nguyen Tat Thanh da
rat cam ddng va nghT de'n tam guang hi sinh eua Td'ng
Duy Tan "Viich^edn han dau hin^.Hgudina: "Chiing
ta eung thi (tuc Viet Nam), chung ta cung ed nhiing
ngu& can dim nhu dng thj tardng Codd'va khing
dinh: "Ciichitcua hglim cho Toquoesongtai idng
can dam eua hg bat diif (1; tr.52 - 53)
Khoang thdi gian boat ddng d Phap, Nguyin Tat
Thanh khdng bao gidquen muc dich ra di eua minh la
"vi thuang darl' Ngudi da tan dung tateacaediln dan,
phuong tien de ndi len tinh canh eua ngudi dan Viet
Nam dudi che dp thd'ng trj cua thuc dan Phap Trong
eude tranh luantaiOangXahdiPhip, Ngudi tifng phat
bleu:" Tai sao tranh luan nhieu thi? Trong luc cic ban
tranh luan ddiy, Vii ddng bao chiing tdi dang rin xiitd
Viet Nam" (1; tr.90) Va, khi nu ddng ehi Rddo - tdc ki
eua Oai hdi lan thuXVIII eua Dang Xahdi Phap hdi: Ta;
sao ddng chi lai bo phiiu eho Qudc tithu3', Nguyen Ai
Qudc d i tra ldi: "Rat dan gian Tdi khdng hiiu chi ndi
thi nao li chiin luge, chiin thuat vd san vi nhiiu diim
khie Nhung tdi hieu rd mdt dieu Quoc tithdS nasi
giup ddcie dan tdc blip bdc giinh laitudovi ddc lap
ctia hg Cdn Qudc tithu2 khdng henhie din van
minh cic thude dja Vi viy, tdidibophiiu tin thinh
Quoc tithd3 Tudo cho dong bio tdi, dgc lap eho To
quoc tdi, day la ^tea nhung diiu tdi mudn; dayli tatea
nhdng diiu tdihiiif (1; tr.93-94)
Tren lap trudng thuang dan, yiu nude, Nguyin
Tat Thanh da tim hieu sau sac cae cudc each mang
tieu bleu tren the'gidi tdtmde eho tdi bay gid (dau the
kl XX) Sau khi nghien edu kT, Ngudi da de cao tu
tudng tu do, binh ding, bic ai va quyen con ngudi
cua eae cudc each mang tu san MT va Phap, kham
phue y chi each mang eua nhan dan nhung nude
nay; tuy nhien, Ngudi lai phe phan tinh thieu triet de,
nua vdi cua cae cude each mang tu san nay
odi vdi Cach mang thing Mudi Nga, Nguyin Ai
Qud'c da cd su ngudng md va quan tam tim hie'u
Ngudi nhan tha'y, sau each mang, mdt nha nude cda
dan, do dan va vi dan da dupe thanh lap; tu lieu san
xuait td mdng dat, edng xudng deu giao eho dan cay
38 Tap chi Gido due so 326
va thp thuyen Lien he vdi tinh hinh Viet Nam, Ngudi
ket luan "Chicd eieh menh Nga li da thinh cdng va thinh cdng din naF (2; tr.282), mang lai hanh phue
thuc su cho ngudi dan Vi the, thing 7/1920, khi dpe dupe So thao lan thu nhait nhung luan euang ve van
de din toe va van de thupe dja cua Lenin ding tren
bao Nhan dao, ngudi da khing djnh "Biy li cii can thiit cho chiing ta, dayli con dudng giai phdng chiing ta" (2; tr.283) va xac djnh "Con dudng eiru nude va giai phdng din tdc cua nhan dan Viet Nam li eon dudng cich mang vd sari' (3; tr.187)
Nhuvay, vdi Idng yeu nude, thuang dan ndng nan, Nguyen Tat Thanh - Nguyin Ai Qud'c da de'n vdi ehu nghTa Mac-Lenin va tim ra con dudng each mang dung din, ehan li eua thdi dai; ddng thdi, trung thanh vdi eon dudng vd san - eon dudng mang lai khdng ehi ddc lap cho dan tdc, ma edn mang lai tu do, hanh phue, no am eho nhan dan ta Cd dupe thanh qua dd, nguyen nhin dau tien chinh la Ngudi xie djnh dupe ddng co, muc dich ra nude ngoai dung din Sura di
dd, khdng ehi dan thuan li tim dudng cdu nude, ma edn la hgc hoi, tiip thu nhifng thinh tuu ciia thdi dai, ciia the'gidi dixiy dung dat nude, mang lai cudc sdng hanh phue, sung sudng cho nhan dan Bai hpe dd
that cd y nghTa dd'i vdi the he tre ngay nay
2 Ve hudng di tim duang cuu nude ciia Nguyen Tat Thanh
Tuluc thuc dan Phap xam lupc nudeta eho de'n 20 nam dau eiia the'ki XX, tmdc nhung that bai eua phong trio dau tranh chdng Phap, da ed ngudi ra nude ngoai mong tim su giup dd eua ehinh phu cic nude eho su nghiep danh dud'i thuc dan Phip, giai phdng dan tpc Nhung nim 1886-1887, Tdn That Thuyet, rdi Nguyin Thien Thuat sang Tmng Qudc cau vien ehinh phu Man Thanh Sau dd, nim 1905, Phan Bdi Chau vdi quan
niem "dong vin, ding chun^, da sang Nhat Ban -nude dupe xung la "an/? ei' cda gidng da vang, vda tien
hanh Duy tan dait nude thanh cdng va thing Ipi vang dpi trong eude chien tranh Tmng - Nhat (1894-1895)
va Nga - Nhat (1904-1905) de eau vien ve vu khi va sau dd la cau hpe Thanh qua ma nhiing vj tien bd'i tren
ed dupe ehi la tam Idng tmng nghTa vdi To qud'c, vdi nhan din Cai dich eud'i cung khdng ai dat tdi dupe Con dudng cdu nude kieu cu eua cie vi tien bd'i
(mac dau "ratkhim phue cic vjaf (1; tr.16)), hudng
di sang phuang Odng, khdng the'dua de'n thanh cdng, Nguyin Tat Thanh da tuthan phd djnh nd Ngudi hie'u dupe thuc te eua dat nude, thaiy rddieu dait nude, nhan dan dang can, song chua hie'u ve nhan dan, ve van minh Phap vacac nude phuang Tay Vivay,nhung
(ki2-1/2014)
Trang 3phuang i n d i dupe dua ra eho Nguyin Tat Thanh
lua ehpn: Hoac di ra nude ngoii ditim dudng edu
nude hoac dial trong nude dau tranh; disangnude
Nhat hay nude Phip Mdt suquyet djnh dung din liie
nay khdng chi anh hudng tdi ban than ma ca dan tdc
Va Ngudi da quye't djnh di theo mdt hudng khac
-sang phuang Tay Tra Idi nha vin My Anna Lui
Stordng, Ngudi ndi rd: "Nhandan Viet Nam, trong do
cd dng cu thin sinh ra tdi, luc niy thudng tu hdi nhau
ai li ngudi se giiip m inh thoit khdi ieh thdng tri ciia
Phip Ngudi nay nghTIi Anh, cd ngudi lai cho li ML
Tdi tha'y phai di ra nude ngoii xem eho rd Sau khi
xem xet hg lim in ra sao, tdi si trd vi giiip ddng bao
tdi"(3; tr.142) Ngudi mudn sang Phap, "mudn iam
quen vciinin vin minh Phip, muon tim xetn nhung
gian dang sau ba chd Phip: Tudo - Binh ding - Bic
ii" Do dd, ngay nhung nim dau the ki XX, d tud'i
thanh nien, trong lue nhifng thanh nien Viet Nam eung
Ida tud'i dang say sua vdi phong trao Ddng Du, sang
Nhat Ban hpe tap; thi Nguyin Al Qud'c da khudetusu
lua ehpn eiia Phan Bdi Chau dd'i vdi minh va rdi To
qud'c ra di ve phia Tay, khdng dl theo con dudng mon
eua eic bac tien bd'i, ma ehpn eho minh budng di mdi
- mdt hudng di khac hoin toin vichi'tso vdi trude
day l i sang phuang Tay Dd la "mdt quyit dinh dung
dvio thdidii'm can quyit djnh' (4) Va dieu nay ed y
nghTa Idn lao khdng chi dd'i vdi ban than Ngudi ma dd'i
vdi ca dan tdc Viet Nam Hon nua, Ngudi xua't duang
la de'tim "con dudng, cich thud" ehu khdng phai "cau
viin hay nhd vi, de' danh dud'i thue dan Phip, giai
phdng dan tdc, dem lai hanh phue, am nothucsucho
nhan dan Viet Nam Vathirctecho tha'y, tdnam 1911
de'n nam 1920 la thdi gian Nguyin Ai Qud'c tap trung
nghien cifu, hpe tap, khao sat, tim kie'm, lua ehpn con
dudng eieh mang nhim dat dupe mue tieu tdi thuong
la ddc lap eho din toe, tu do eho nhan dan va xay
dung dat nude giau manh sinh vai vdi eic eudng qud'c
nim chau
Khi giang day ve quyet dinh eua Nguyin TaitThanh
lua chpn hudng ditim dudng edu nude sang phuang
fay, GV can nha'n manh: dayli mdt quyit djnh hit
sdc khd khin, nhung la quyit djnh that sing sud't,
diing din Bdi, Ngudi lua chpn hudng di khdng dan
thuan la vi no" khac trudd", ma cdn hudng tdi nen vin
minh eua thdi dai - van minh kTthuat, vin minh cdng
nghi§p; kethda nhifng thanh tuu cua nen van minh
dd phue vu eho edng cupc giai phdng To qud'c va
dem lai hanh phue cho nhan dan Ngay nay, dat nude
dang tie'n hanh su nghiep edng nghiep hda - hien dai
hda; vdi phuang cham di tit, ddn dau, chiing ta phai
(ki2-1/2014)
hpe hdi, kethua, ap dung nhung thanh tuu khoa hpc tien tie'n nhait, dam bao eho muc tieu dua nude ta trd thanh nude cdng nghiep vao nam 2020
3 Ve phuang thuc di tim dudng cuu nude
cua Nguyen Tat Thanh
Hanh trang ra di cua Nguyen Tit Thanh liie bay gidehi edta'm Idng yeu nude, thiet tha mudn giai phdng dat nude, ddng bao khdi cude ddi nd le Han nifa, Ngudi cd mdt vd'n Han hpc kha tinh thdng va trinh dp Tay hpc du mdi dbae tieu hpe nhung lai ham hieu biet,
ed ehi tu hpe va tu nudi sdng bing hai ban tay lao dpng nen eung nhanh chdng nang cao dupe trinh
dp Vdi eai vd'n ban dau khi ra di tim dudng cuu nude, Nguyin Tat Thanh da trai qua bao nhieu gian khd,
vupt qua djnh kie'n dd'i vdi viec "lim cii nghe lao ddng khd nhgd de khdng nghe Idi khuyen "bd nghe niy
dL chgn mdt nghi khie, danh gii hari'ciia BuiQuang
Chieu (1 ;tr.26) Bing lao ddng vasi/nd lire eua minh,
Nguyin TaitThanh quye't tam dat dupe muc dich "trd
ve giiip ddng bao" chd khdng phai ra nude ngoai de
kiem sdng va edng danh cho rieng minh Bing phuang thue dd, Ngudi da lam nen chien tich la tim dupe eon dudng cuu nude, cuu dan dung din
Tren toan bp hanh trinh, Nguyen Tat Thanh lam mpi viee desdng, de di v i hpe tap Tulam phu bep tren nhung eon tau Latuso Torevin va phue vu tren nhung chie'e tau hang cda hang van tai hop nha't eua Phap, den lam vudn, cio tuyet trong m dt trudng hpc, rdi ddt Id, thp rua anh Mac dii lao ddng rait vat va nhung Ngudi chua bao gid nan chi vabudng lai hpc hdi, khao sat tinh hinh cie nude De'n bat ki mdt qud'c gia nao, nhait la Phip va Anh, Nguyin Tait Thanh chu trpng viee hpe ngoai ngii, rdi tim bieu ve tmyen thd'ng vin hda, eude sd'ng va thai dp eua ngudi dan nude do Thdng qua lao ddng, Ngudi gan gui vdi cudc sd'ng cua nhin din lao ddng, hie'u dupe ndi thd'ng khd, nguyen vpng, eiing nhu yehi, nang luc ciia hp Cdthai dp ehia se, ddng cam vdi nhung ngudi cung canh ngp tren khip the'gidi Cung
ehinh tudd, d Ngudi da nay sinh "ythuo visucan thiit phai doin kit nhung ngudi bjip bue dida'u tranh chaig mdt ke thii chung, ciing nhau thuc hien mdt nguyin vgng ehung- dgc lap, tudd' (3; tr.143)
Vdi tam hieu biet rpng Idn va vd'n thue tiln sau sic nhdkinh qua thue tien dnhieu nai tren thegidi, Nguyin Tait Thanh da sdm hinh thanh nhan thue mdi so vdi cae nha yeu nude tien bd'i va cung thdi Trong dd ed nhifng van de he't sdc cu the, gan gui va cd y nghTa vdi each mang Viet Nam Od la viee Ngudi nhan rd dd'i tupng eua cich mang the'gidi la ehii nghTa de qud'c
(Xem tiep trang 43)
Tap ehi Gido due so 326 39
Trang 4Hinh 8
Khi khai thae cac PMDH va md hinh ddng se dat
dupe mue tieu kep: • GV cd mpt cdng cu manh de
tmyen tai ndi dung bai hpc; - H S ed ea hpi tie'p can BT,
phit hien ra van de va giai quyet vin de bing each quan sit, dudoin, kiem thuva khang djnh
Trong day hpe loan, neu sudung PMDH detao ra cae md hinh ddng va ble't khai thae, sd dung hpp li, dung liie, dung cudng dp, cae dang md tiinh dd se gdp phan tich cue hda HO nhin thue cila HS, giiip HS vupt qua dupe eic ehudng ngai trong eic thao tie tu duy giua cai eu the'vdi cii truu tupng; tudd, nang cao
hieu qua day tipe mdn Toin dtrudng THPT.Q
Tai lieu tliam khao
1 NguySn Ba Kim Phmmg phap day hoc mSn Toan
NXB Dai hpe supham, H 2005
2 Trjnh Thanh Hai - Tran Viet Circrng - Trjnh Thi Phirang Thao Giao trinh Ung dung tin hoc trong
day hoc toan NXB Gido due Viet Nam, H 2013
3 John Olive, implications of Using Dynamic
Geometry Technology for Teaching and Learning
Portugal, 2000
SUMMARY
This article, we refer to the use of teaching soft-ware to design dynamic model that simulates the el-ements In the problem and their operation in teach-Ingmath for high-school students
Giang day Sir kien Nouyen Tit Thanh
(Tiep theo trang 39)
thue dan, khdng phan biet mau da Oieu niy, khac
biet vdi nhin thuc ve ban chat ehu nghTa tu ban cua
Phan Bdi Chau va Phan Chau Trinh eung eic nhi
yeu nude duong thdi Odng thdi, Nguyen Ti't Thanh
eung sdm nhan thuc rd, chinh nhan dan lao ddng d
eac thupe dja va chinh qud'c la luc lupng ea ban eua
eich mang the'gidi Tudd, Ngudi hieu rd eieh mang
la nhu cau ti't ye'u eua hp; v i nhin thuc duqc kha
nang va dieu kien de thie't lap khd'i lien minh giua
nhan dan Viet Nam vdi eic din tpc bj ap bue tren
the'gidi trong cudc di'u tranh gianh ddc lap dan tdc
minh Day la van de quan trpng, cd y nghTa to Idn dd'i
vdi each mang Viet Nam, vi theo Ngudi "Khdng ed
mdt sue manh thing nhat cua ea nude, khdng cd su
giup ddmanh me cua bin ngoii, cdng cude van dgng
giai phdng khd mi thinh cdng dugc" (A)
Od la bai hpe ve su ket hop giua sdc manh trong
nude vdi sdc manh thdi dai, khdng ehi trong Cach
mang thing Tam, ma ea trong cude khing chien
ehd'ng Phip (1945 -1954) va ehd'ng MT(1954-1975),
dudi su lanh dao ciia Ngudi, nhan dan ta da triet de'
thue hien, dem lai ddc lap, thd'ng nha't cho dan tdc;
hanh phue, tudo hoan toan cho nhan dan Ngay nay
trong su nghiep dd'i mdi, xay dung dit nude Viet Nam xahdi ehii nghTa, bai hpc dddupcOangta khang djnh
la: Phat huy ndi luc, ting cudng ngoai luc, kithgpehit che giua ndi luc vi ngoai luc, trong dd ngi lue ddng vai trd quyit djnh Chinh vi vay, khi giang day, GV can
khaithac, nha'n manh dkhia canh niy.Q
(ki2-1/2014)
(1) Trin Dan Tien Nhirng mau chuyen ve doi boat
d6ng cua H6 Chu tich NXB Vdn hpc, H 2001
(2) H6 Chi Minh 'Toan tap, tap 2 NXB Chinh tri
qudc gia, H 2002
(3) Phan Ngoc Lien Hd CM Minh vdi tien trinh lich
Sli' dan t6c NXB Chtnh tri qudc gia, H 2008
(4) Dinh Xuan Ly "NguySn Ai Qu6'c voi vifc lua chgn con duang each mang va sang lap Dang C8ng
san Viet Nam - mOt s6' djc d\im chu y&" Tap chi
Khoa hpc - Dai hoc quoc gia Ha Noi, s6' 2/2008
SUMMARY
On 5/6/1911 Nguyen Tat Thanh left country to find out the way national liberation, is a basic re-quirement, that need inculcate for students in the process of teaching history This article will analyzes and Interpret on number of issues related to Nguyen Tat Thanh event to leave country to Und out the way national liberation such as: engines, purposes, head-ing: method, in context international integration cur-rent, contribute to improving the quality of subject
Tap chi Giao due so 326 43