DIEN DAN P b l M d i CAN BAN, TOAN DIEN GIAO PUC HOAT DONG DAO TAO GIAO VIEN TRONG OOl CANN M O I PGS TS NGUYEN VAN OE* 1 Nang cao chat luong dao tao giao vien (DTGV) doi hoi cap thiet tir thirc tien[.]
Trang 1DIEN D A N P b l M d i CAN B A N , TOAN DIEN G I A O PUC
HOAT DONG DAO TAO GIAO VIEN TRONG OOl CANN MOI
PGS TS NGUYEN V A N OE*
1 Nang cao chat luong dao tao giao vien
(DTGV) - doi hoi cap thiet tir thirc tien
Chat li;cing giao due phu thupe nhieu vao trinh
dp, nang li/c va pham chat dao difc nghe nghiep cua
doi ngu giao vien (GV); vj the cua ngudi thay cung
chinh la vj the cua giao due, va nguoc lai Raja Roy
Singh, nguyen Giam doc UNESCO Chau A - Thai
Binh Duong da phat bieu: "Khong mot he thing giao
due nao co the vifdn cao qua tam nhung GV lam
viee cho n6"(1) Ro rang, GV gii? vai tro quyet djnh
trong qua trinh day - hpc va gop phan dinh hudng lai
giao dijc; chat luong GV la mpt trong nhCrncj nhan to
quan trpng nhat gay dung, khang dinh dang cap,
lam nen thuong hieu cua nha trudng
Ve van de nay, chung toi xin nhan manh them
rang, vai tro va vi tri cua GV ngay nay con phai bao
gom nhifng yeu cau nhu mpt chuyen gia trong linh
vuc chuyen mon cua minh; mpt ngudi dieu phoi,
thiet ke chuong trinh dao tao va npi dung mon hpc;
ngudi tu van cho HS cung nhu kiem tra, danh gia
hieu qua giang day Vdi vai tro nha thiet ke, GV la
nhiJng ngudi khong chi co kien thirc uyen tham trong
ITnh vi/c chuyen mon ma con hieu biet tudng tan
nhung quy luat nhan thu'c diin ra trong qua trinh
hpc tap, tudo biet each giup dd hpc sinh (HS) tirng
bude nam vCrng mon hpc, biet each giup HS vugt
qua nhung kho khan tat yeu cua mon hpc Dong
thai, GV phai dua vao nhung dac diem cua HS de
dua ra nhung tai lieu, bai giang kich thich duoe tinh
ham hpc hoi, giup HS phat huy dan kha nang tuhpc,
tu nghien cu'U cua minh Trong vai tro tu van, GV
phai n6 luc de xac dinh mgt "tam nhin" va phai g§ng
tao nen nhom HS co tinh than dong dpi; phai tim
each CO vu HS, dua ra dugc nhu'ng lai khuyen kip
thdi, CO tinh each xay dung de HS hanh dpng hudng
tdi dat duac tam nhin do La nha quan li qua trinh
hpc tap, danh gia giao due, GV phai biet each thiet
kebai kiem tra phu hop vdi yeu cau, muc dich va ket
qua hpc tap cua HS ben canh yeu cau danh gia HS
mpt each cong bSng, chinh xac
Nhin lai thuc te tuyen sinh nhung nam gan day, ket qua cho thay: diem chuan dau vao nganh supham lien tuc giam, rat nhieu nganh cua mpt so trudng co diem chuan chi bang diem san, tham chi khong it thi sinh trung tuyen vao nganh su pham nhung diem mon thi chuyen nganh chi 1 hoac 2 diem "Nang luc nhu vay thi cd cay dua than nao trong bo'n nam dai hoc de dao tao thanh ngudi GV tot sau nay?" - GS Tran HCruTadatungdatcau hoi
Vay la, van de cd tinh tien quyet dap ung yeu cau do'i mdi can ban va toan dien giao due se la nang cao chat luong dpi ngu GV, trong dd can thiet phai doi mdi hoat dpng DTGV, dang trd thanh "diem ndng" cua giao due khong chi tren ban nghj su d cap quoc gia,
ma con la ddi lidi tir thuc tien cua chinh moi trudng/ khoa su pham trong boi canh hien nay
2 Motsodjnh hirdng doi moi hoat dong DTGV a
cac truong/khoa su pham trong boi canh hien nay Theo chung toi, thuc hien yeu cau doi mdi can ban, toan dien giao due dap u'ng yeu cau CNN, HDN trong dieu kien kinh tethj trudng dinh hudng xa hpi chu nghTa va hoi nhap quoc te, GV trude he't phai la mot cdng dan mau muc va phai cd pham chat, nang luc va kT nang cua ngudi lao dong sang tao, nang dong, cd tay nghe, ed tam hon su pham Dong thdi,
G V vdi tu each la mot nhan each, lai vufa la chu the,, vua la san pham cua hoat dpng trong nhung qua trinh bien ddi xa hpi Do vay, nhan each cua GV phai
du tam mu'c de lam chu qua trinh giao due nhim tao
ra nen tang cua dan tri, nhan luc, nhan tai; khdng nhung the phai dat dtam cao han, thudng true han, hoan thien han so vdi nhan each cua mot ngudi binh thudng Hay ndi each khac, GV phai cdtd'chait nhan each - tri tue; cu the, ho phai cd "nhan thii^c miu muc, tac phong miu muc, kien thu'c miu muc va hieu qua mau muc" (2)
De dap ung tot nhiem vij dao tao dpi ngu GV trong boi canh hpi nhap, chung tdi cho ring, cac trudng/
(ki 1-2/2014)
* Tnrting Dai hoc Dong Tliap
Tap chi Giao due so 327
Trang 2khoa su pham can quan triet quan diem: nha trudng
day nhirng dieu ma ngudi hpc can, xa hpi can, nen
kinh te can,ehu'khdng phai chl day cai mangudi thay
cd; dong thdi, phai lam sang to: cai gi can va nen day
d phd'thdng va day nhu the nao?
1) Bao tao each day phwang phap hgc Da
cd mpt thdi gian dai, chuong trinh dao tao cua cac
trudng su pham tap trung vao chuan bj cho GV
tuang lai nam virng hoat ddng day, nhirng phuang
phap, kTnang td'chircthu'c hien hoat ddng day Ngay
nay, "SV su pham khdng ehi lo hoc each day ma
edn phai chuan bi tot de day each hpc" (3) Van de
quan tam nhat, de nhung GV pho' thong tuang lai
biet day each hpc la mdi giang vien su pham phai
thudng xuyen ren luyen cho SV kTnang tuhpc thdng
qua bo mdn minh phu trach Phat trien kha nang tu
hoc la mpt trong nhirng nhiem vu ca ban cua hoat
dpng day hpc ndi chung va cua ddi mdi phuang phap
day hpc d Viet Nam hien nay ndi rieng Dieu nay se
giup eho ngudi hpc cd thdi gian va ca hdi de thu
nhan, sang loc, chuyen hda thong tin va phat trien
cae kTnang (nang luc hanh dpng) Theo quan diem
su pham tuang tac, ngudi hpc neu cd 3 tdchat quan
trong: dong ca hpc tap, trach nhiem hpc tap va chu
ddng trong qua trinh hoc tap, se dat hieu qua cao
trong qua trinh tu hpc Vi vay, de ren luyen kT nang
tuhoc cho SV, trude he't can boi dudng 3 to chat tren
cho hp Viee tu hoc phai la cdng viee tugiac do nhan
thirc dung vai trd quyet dinh cua nd den su tich luy
kien thu'c cho ban than, cho su phat trien va tien bd
cua minh Tu hoe ddi hdi phai co y chi, phai tranh thu
thdi gian, khic phue thdi quen ludi bieng va phai
dam bao cho qua trinh tu hpc duac lien tuc thi mdi
dat den ket qua mong muon
2) Bao tao, boi duong kTnang giai quyet van
de va kJnang hap tac Cupc sdng cua con ngudi,
suy den cung, la mdt chudi lien tuc giai quyet van de
Cang giai quyet tot cac van de bao nhieu, chat lugng
cupc song cua con ngudi cang cd nhieu ca hdi dugc
nang cao bay nhieu Khdng nen xem nha trudng
nhu mot "d'c dao"; ma nen xem nha trudng chinh la
cupc song Cac van de thirc tecupc song dugc phan
anh vao nha trudng dudi mdt lang kinh du de cho
ngudi hgc tiep can theo each phu hgp vdi lira tudl cua
minh Giai quyet cac van de trong nhirng bai hgc d
nha trudng su pham cung nen xem nhu giai quyet
cac van de cua cugc song Nhd vay, SV tot nghiep
khdibdngdkhibudcvaoddisd'ng thuc tephong phu;
va gmdt gdc do nao dd, khi hg ra trudng klioi phai mat
Tap chi Gido due so 327
cdng dao tao tiep tir thuc te cude song va edng viee
M I U hinh GV can hudng tdi la miu hinh GV chuyen nghiep cd nang luc xiili tin cay va phu hgp trude nhirng tinh hud'ng khac nhau vi Igi ieh cua ngudi hgc va dao diirc nghe nghiep
Dong thdi, trong pham vi cu the, su hgp tac tao nen nhieu thanh tuu quan trgng doi vdi mdi ea nhan
KT nang hgp tac can dugc ren luyen ngay trong m6i trudng/khoa su pham thdng qua tirng bai hgc, tung viee lam cu the Den lugt minh, chinh cac GV tuong lai nay lai day cho HSphd'thdngciJa minh each hgp tac trong hgc tap va cugc song Vdi y nghTa dd, theo chiing tdi, nhu'ng kT nang hgp tac ma cac trudng su pham can quan tam ren luyen, boi dudng cho ngudi GV tuang lai la:
- Hap tic vdi dong nghiep:Vneh'\en a su giao tiep,
hgp tac, thda hiep, giai quyet van de Decddugc nhirng kinh nghiem nay, ngudi SV khi cdn ngoi tren giang dudng cin trang bj cho minh kien thuc ve linh virc giao tiep, nSm dugc cac "kT thuat" phan hoi, biet cacli quan sat, trao ddi vdi dong nghiep trong qua trinh lam viee, dam bao hieu qua cdng viee cua minh; cd thai do hgp tac, xay dung, than thien, ton trgng dong nghiep
va cin biet chia se vdi ddng nghiep
-Hap tac vdimoitn/dnglam viec:[rong qua trinh
lao ddng su pham, G Vein biet each phdl hgp vdi piiu huynh IHS, cac casdma nha trudng ed quan he; dam bao cac hoat ddng chuyen mdn phai ket hgp vdi cac hoat dgng chuyen mdn khac ngoai trudng !\/lu6n vay,
SV su pham phai trang bi cho minh kien thu'c nen tang ve van hoa, mdi trudng xa hdi; nim dugc cac nhu ciu vayeu elu cua thi trudng lao dpng, cac chinh sach giao due; xac dinh dugc thuc trang casdvatchat cua giao due phd' thdng de tii dd to' chiifc cac hoat ddng giao due dat hieu qua; cd thai do than thien, hgp tac, xay dung ddi vdi cac casdvatd'chijfc ngoai trudng,
ed kha nang thich ung, sang tao va linh hoat trong khi tien hanh cac hoat ddng giao diJC
3) Cac giai phap bd'fra Chung tdi cho ring, chat
lugng DTGV d trudng/khoa su pham chiu tac dgng cua nhieu yeu to, dd la: - Dpi ngu giang vien su pham
cd trinh do cao va cd be day kinh nghiem; - Chuong trinh va phugng thuc td' chuc dao tao; • Nguon luc tai chinh danh cho dao tao va nghien cuu khoa hgc;-Co
sd vat chat dam bao phue vu hoat dgng dao tao nhu: thu vien, thiet bj day hgc, phdng thi nghiem, internet,
he thong giang dudng, phdng hgc bg mdn, ; - Moi trudng lam viee cua giang vien; - Chat lugng nguon tuyen sinh
(ki 1-2/2014)
Trang 3Do vay, chiing tdi de xuat:
a) Bo sung phan phong van trong tuyen sinh doi
vdi nganh si/pham:\/\ec tuyen sinh da va dang thuc
hien la cong cu dua ra mgtketquadanh gia kien thu'c
cdthetin cay Tuy nhien, tuyen dugc ngudi hgc cung
chua the ndi la tuyen dugc ngudi yeu nghe day hgc
Trong liie dd, nghe day hgc lai eang ein phai yeu
nghe hon eac nghe khac vi ddi tugng lao dgng eua
nghe day hgc la eon ngudi Do vay, tuyen sinh su
pham can cd them vdng phdng van khi SV nhap hoc
dedua ra Idi khuyen thich hgp ve nghe day hgc
b) Tiep tuc thi/c hien che do dai ngo G V mgt each
thda (Jang'.-giai phap trude mat cho nganh GD-DT la
phai dao tao ed kehoach; cin mptquy hoach tiiquan
li vT md, nganh giao due ein bao nhieu thi dao tao
bay nhieu Khi cd quy hoach chuan, SV ra trudng cd
viee lam thi chi it se lay dugc nhung HS kha gidi ghi
ten thi vao nganh su pham; neu ed dai ngd cao han
chut ni/a thi se chgn tuyen dugc nhirng ngudi tai Tren
thuc te, miin hgc phi chi la mdt trong nhirng giai phap
dethu hut ngudi kha gidi vao nganh su pham; giai
phap mang tinh can eg, ben virng nhat de thu hut
ngudi tai vao nganh su pham vin la che do dai ngd,
chinh sach luang va mdi trudng lam viee cua GV sau
khi ra trudng
3 Yeu elu ddi mdi can ban, toan dien giao due
dap ung yeu cau CNH, HOH trong dieu kien kinh te
thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi ehu nghTa va hgi nhap
qud'c te dat ra cho cac trudng/khoa supham cin thiet
phai thay ddi each DTGV Qua trinh DTGV phai la
qua trinh lien tuc, trong dd cac giai doan dao tao
(dao tao ban diu, tap su, dao tao tai eh uc, dao tao tiep
tuc, phat trien dpi ngu, tham gia cac nghien cuu khoa
hpc ve giao due) nam trong mdi quan he gin bd, bd'
sung cho nhau Dong thdi, each boi dudng nang luc
cho ngudi GV tuang lai phai theo chuan nghe nghiep
da quy djnh, dac biet cin chu y den khuyen cao cua
UNESCO: Thay giao phai dirac dao tao detrdthanh
nhung nha giao due nhieu han la nhifng chuyen gia
tniyen dai kien thuc; phai lam chu duac moi trudng
cong nghe thong tin-truyen thong mdivaphaichuan
bivemattam lichomotsuthaydoicaban vevaitro
cJa/JO.Dieu quan trgng la mdi trudng/khoa supham
phai biet tim ra nhirng giai phap phii hgp, thich ung;
tan dung dugc nhung dieu cd Igi tir ben ngoai, phat
huy ngj luc de mang lai chat lugng va hieu qua cao
nhat trong hoat dgng DTGV Chung tdi tin ring, vdi
81/ nang dgng cua ddi ngu can bd quan li, y chi vugn
len manh mdcua dpi ngu giang vien; hoat ddng OTGV
se chiing kien nhifng ddi thay rd ret theo hudng tich cue, nhim dap iing yeu elu ddi mdi can ban, toan dien giao due trong bdi canh hien nay •
(1) Raja Roy Singh Nen giao diic cho the ki XXI -Nhung trien vong cua vong cung Chau A - Thai Binh
Duwng ViSn Khoa hoc gido due, H 1990
(2) Vu Due Thu "Ban v4 ngudi can bp quan If nha trudng vai viSc xay dung dOi ngu "nha giao mSu
muc"" Tap chi Day va hoc ngay nay, so 5/2006
(3) Tran Ba Hoanh."D|nh hudng nghien cuu v4 dao
tao, bfii duOng giao viSn giai doan 2007-2010" Tap
chi Gido due, so 162, thang 5/2007
Tai li€u tham khao
1 NguySn VSn De "Nang cao nSng luc hoat d6ng
dao tao a cac trudng/khoa su pham vung D6ng b^ng sOng Ciiru Long" Tap chi Khoa hgc Gido diic, s6' 36,
thang 9/2008
2 NguySn Thi Thanh HuySn - NguySn Thi lVlin."Nang luc vi kl nang cin thie't ciia giao vien dap ling yeu
ciu thuc tiSn giao due phd th6ng hien nay" Tap chi
Gido due, so' dac biet 9/2011
SUMMARY
This article aims to specify to the imperativeness and to propose orientations to renovating teacher training in institutions/department of education to enhance the quality of teaching staffs responding to the requyremen is of radically and comprehensively innovating the current education and training
KINH Mdi BAN DOC DAT MUA TAP CHI GIAO DUC NAM 2 0 1 4
Tap chl Giao due ra 1 thang 2 ki, dat mua tiiuan tien tai cac bUu cue diaj)hUOng (IMa so CI92) hoac dat mua true tiep tai Tea soan (so lirgng Idn) theo dia chi: TAP CHI GIAO DUG,
4 Trinh Hoai Diic, quan Ddng Da, Ha Npi
Kinh mdi ban dgc, cac don vj giao due,
trudng hoc dat mua Tap chi Giao due nam
2014 Moi lien he xin giJi vg dja chl tren hoac
lien lac qua s6 dien thoai: 04.37345363; Fax: 04.37345363
Xin tran trgng cam On
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TAP CHI GIAO DUC
J/
(ki 1-2/2014) Tap chi Giao due so 327