CO sa KHDA miG VI HANG IHC NGHIEN CUU KHOA HUG CDNG NGU! CUA G I A N G V I E N C A O D A N G N G H E TtiS LE THI THO* SU nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda va hdi nhap qud''''c te ddi hdi nude ta ein c[.]
Trang 1CO sa KHDA miG VI HANG IHC NGHIEN CUU KHOA HUG - CDNG NGU!
CUA G I A N G V I E N C A O D A N G N G H E
TtiS LE THI THO*
SU nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda va hdi
nhap qud'c te ddi hdi nude ta ein cd mpt luc
lupng lao ddng dii ve sd lupng, dam bao ve
chat lupng Vi vay, dao tao nguon nhan luc chat lupng
cao dang la md'i quan tam hang dau cua Dang va
Nha nude Oedap ung yeu elu tren, ddi hdi chat lupng
giang day va nghien eijfu khoa hpc trong kT thuat
-edng nghe dd'i vdi giao vien (GV) day nghe ngay cang
eao Vi vay, cdng tac bdi dudng nang luc (N L) nghien
cifu khoa hpc - cdng nghe (NCKH-CN) cho GV day
nghe ndi chung, va giang vien eao dang nghe ndi
rieng la ein thiet va cap bach, gdp phan nang chat
luong dao tao nghe hien nay
LVenang lire NCKH-CN
1) Nang luc NCKH-CN: la td'ng hpp nhifng thude
tinh ciia ca nhan (kien thifc, kTnang (KN), thai dp, tinh
cam, gia tri, ddng coca nhan, ) phu hop dethuc hien
hoat ddng nghien cijfu nhim tim ra eac giai phap eho
nhirng van de dang gap khd khan, hoac de sang tao
nhifng san pham mdi trong ITnh vuc cu the cd lien
quan de'n kTthuat - edng nghe
2) Nang luc NCKH-CN cua giang vien cao dang
nghe, bao gom cae kieii thifc, KN va thai dp eua ehu
the nhim thuc hien edhieu qua cac hoatddng nghien
cifu de giai quye't nhirng tinh hud'ng cd van de trong
edng tac giao due/day hpe va khoa hpe kT thuat •
edng nghe theo mue dich xac dinh, dupe xep thanh
hai nhdm NL.- - Nhdm NL chung (NL cot Idi): NL
phat hien eac van de can nghien cifu; NL xay dung
de cuong nghien ctj'u; NL phan tich, ehpn Ipc tai lieu
khoa hpc phue vu nghien cuu; NL thiet kebd cdng
cu dieu tra, khao sat; NL xi/li sdlieu; NLtd'ehifc thue
nghiem; NL viet bao cao td'ng ket de tai; NLtrien khai
van de nghien cifu; • Nhom NL chuyenbiet:\uylhuQC
vao khoi nganh nghe cu the se cd cac nhdm NL
nghien cifu ve chuyen mdn cu the Vi dij; de tai nghien
ciiu eua giang vien day kJid'i n'ganh edng nghe thdng
tin (neu de tai nghien'cifu la phan mem day lipc) thi
caned cae NLchuyen biet sau: NL phan tich va thiet
kehe thd'ng; NL phan tich cac edng viee va thiet ke
giai thuat; NL chuyen tif giai thuat thdng qua ngdn
24 Tap chi Gido due so 327
ngif lap trinh dexay dung chuong trinh can nghien cifu; I^L cai dat, kie'm tra va dieu ehinh phan mem
da xay dung,
3) Bac diim iao dgng cuaGVday nghe: • GV
day nghe vifa can ed NL su pham va nhifng pham chat eua mdt ngudi thiy, vifa la mdt nha chuyen mdn gidi, mdt nhan each nghe nghiep dien hinh; • Day nghe la mdt nghe ddi hdi cd tinh khoa hpc, tinh nghe thuat va sang tao cao vi nhirng li do sau: + Dd'i tupng hpe vien mang nhieu sac thai, dac diem rieng khac nhau, mdi tinh hudng supham deu cdtinh phue tap rieng; + Mpi tac ddng eiia ngudi GV deu anh hudng sau sic de'n tam hdn ngudi hpc; -i- Lao ddng su pham nghe nghiep khdng ddng khung trong gid len Idp De
ed mdt bai giang li thuyet hay, mdt bai hudng din thuc hanh cd chat lupng, mdt tac ddng giao due cd hieu qua, ddi hdi ngudi GV phai ed su chuan bi, tim tdi, nghien cifu ve mpi mat; ed su hoat ddng tri de cang thang Sau khi len Idp, ngudi G V cung phai suy nghT phan tieh ve bai giang eiia minh, ve ngudi hpc, ve nhirng gi da dat dupe va ea nhirng gi chua dat dupe, detif dd riit ra nhung bai hpe, kinh nghiem gia tri cho hoat ddng nghe nghiep cua minh
2 Casdkhoa hpc veNL NCKH-CN cua giang vien cao dang nghe
1) Cau triic ciia WL Theo Nguyin Viet Su (1) cau
true eiia NL gom ba thanh to: NL nhan thifc (biet); NL
thue hien (lam); NL bie'u cam (thai dp) Cu the: - NL
nhan thuc (biet):+ Nim dupe phuang phap nghien
cifu khoa hpc giao due; + Biet phat hien eac van de ein nghien cifu; - Biet xay dung de cuong nghien cifu; - Biet phan tieh, chpn Ipc tai lieu khoa hpe phue
vu nghien cifu; - Biet thiet ke phieu dieu tra; + Biet to' chifc thue nghiem supham; + Hieu ve liluan xay dung chuang trinh mdn hpc; + Hieu ve li luan phuang phap
va phuang tien day hpe; - NL thuc hien (lam):+y'\el
dupe de euang chi tiet nghien cifu khoa hpc; + Viet dupe chuyen de khoa hpc; + Viet dupe bao cao td'ng ket detai; + Td'ehifc dupe seminarvahdithao; +Thuc
' Tnrging Cao tfang ngli6 Can Tho
(kil-2/2014)
Trang 2hien dupe eac dot khao sat bing phieu hdi va xif li
dupe sdlieu dieu tra; + Thue hien dupe phdng van true
tiep; + Viet duac gia thuyet mdn hpc; + Che tao dupe
dd dung day hpe; - NL biiu cam (thaido): + Hifng
thii va say me NCKH; + Cd tinh than cdng tac vdi
ddng nghiep trong nghien cuu khoa hpc; + Trung
thuc va can than trong nghien eiJu khoa hpc; -F Coi
trpng ket qua NCKH eiia minh va eua ddng nghiep;
+ Cd y thifc thudng xuyen van dung ket qua nghien
cifu khoa hpe vao day hpe; - Tinh ca dgng trong
cau true NL tiiy theo yeu cau cua hoat ddng nghien
cuu, mdi lin tham gia mdt hoatddng nghien cuxi, eau
tme NL lai thay dd'i eho phii hop vdi hoat ddng nghien
cifu dd (2) Tinh co ddng trong NL dupe hinh thanh
bdi hai nguyen nhan sau: + Do si;hoat ddng tieh cue
edy thue, edy ehi cua con ngudi de thich ifng vdi hoat
ddng mdi; + Cac thude tinh than kinh cua con ngudi
cdtinh mem deo eao, edsubii trii, matthude tinh nay
ed thude tinh khac bii trOr vao Trong hoat ddng ren
luyen deed mdt NL nao dd, con ngudi da dua vao tinh
"can bing ddng" cua he than kinh vi nd ed tinh mem
deo va linh hoat eao
2) Ca sd triit hgc: Theo triet hpe duy vat bien
chiing, hoat ddng NCKH la mpt trong nhifng hoat
dpng dac biet va cap cao eua eon ngudi Khi tien hanh
nghien cijfu, ngudi nghien cifu phai nim bit cac ban
chat cua su vat, hien tupng vdi cae thude tinh eua nd
Viee nim bit nay, ddi hdi phai theo rat nhieu phuong
phap, trong dd cd nhirng phuang phap hoan toan
mdi ma su phat trie'n van minh nhan loai da dem lai
Doi vdi NL NCKH-CN ciia giang vien cao ding nghe
dudi gdc dp triet hpe ddi hdi can xac djnh cae nhdm
NL, eac md'i lien he ben trong de cdthe hinh thanh va
phat trie'n NL ca nhan mdt each trpn ven nhat, thiic
day mat manh, phat huy nhirng uu diem cua ban
than ea nhan thdng qua cac diem then ehd't ve NL
trong tifng hoan canh, tifng nganh nghe cu the eua
mdi G V va md'i lien he giira cae NL, ket hpp chiing lai
tao su nang dpng, sang tao cho hoat ddng nghien
cifu khoa hpc cua ca nhan dat hieu qua eao
3) Casd sinh hgc: Bac diem sinh li eua ca the
bao gom nhifng yeu to do di truyen tao nen va ca
nhifng yeu to rieng biet tao ra ddi sd'ng ca theeua mdi
ca nhan Nhirng yeu fd'nay dd'i vdi con ngudi edngay
trong bao thai cua ngudi me NL cung la mpt phan
cua eac thude tinh da ed sin trong glen di truyen Vi
vay, ddi khi day cung la mpt trong nhifng yeu to anh
hudng de'n NL tuhpc, tu nghien cifu cua ca nhan
4) Casdtam iihgc Cin xem xet cac yeu to tam li
(kil-2/2014)
anh hudng de'n NL NCKH-CN nhu: tuduy sang tao va tuduy khoa hpe kTthuat
a) Tu duy sing tao, la kieu tu duy khdng thdng
thudng, la kieu tu duy dot pha, kieu tu duy dd'i lap vdi kieu tu duy nhan thu'c da ed, cai ma bd nao con ngudi
da ghi nhd va rat thanh thao Torrance (1974) cho ring cac thanh tdcua tuduy sang tao nam dsuthanh thao (kha nang tao ra nhieu y tudng hay giai phap eho van de); tinh mem deo (kha nang xem xet hang loat each tiep can vdi van de ciing mdt liie); tinh doe dao (xu the'tao ra nhieu y tudng khac vdi y tudng cua nhiing ngudi khac) va tinh ehi tiet (kha nang dua ra y tuong mdt each ehi tiet) Tu duy sang tao ed the dupe xem xet trong qua trinh giai quyet van de sang tao Tuduy ndi chung ehi xuat hien khi ed "tinh hud'ng cdvan de", hay ndi mdt each khac: "0 dau khdng cdvan de thi d
dd khdng ed tuduy" Day la van de ed't Idi cho NCKH, tinh hud'ng van de ludn chifa dung mdt ndi dung, mdt each thue cin xac djnh, cin lam rd, do vay ket qua giai quyet van de se la nhifng tri thue mdi, hoac phuong thifc hanh ddng mdi dd'i vdi chii the Theo tac gia Pham Thanh Nghj (3), tu duy sang tao can dupe xem nhu mdt hoat ddng giai quyet van de mdi bao gom cae thanh td'nhu: ddng ca, hanh ddng logic va hanh ddng tn/c giae ehuf khdng the xem xet don gian nhu mdt thao tac hay mdt kT nang
b) Tu duy tri tue: - Guilford dua ra md hinh eau
frucfr/'r/idnfifm/n/? phdng theo hinh khoi vdi ba chieu: -I- Chieu thao tac gom: nhan thue, tri nhd, tao dung phan ki, tao dung hdi tuva danh gia; + Chieu ndi dung bao gom: hlnh dang, bleu tupng, y nghTa, hanh vi; + Chieu san pham gom: don vj, eac Idp, cae md'i quan
he, he thd'ng, su chuyen hda, y nghTa Ong da xac djnh cae yeu td lien quan de'n giai quye't van de sang tao, bao gom: + Tinh nhay cam vdi van de - NL nhan
ra van de; + Tinh thanh thue - the hien d soy tudng; + Tinh m em deo - the hien dsuthay dd'i each tiep can; + Tinh ddc dao -the hien dsuhiem la, dac biet:
- Lithuyettri thong minh da nhan tdcua Gardner:
Theo dng tri tue khdng phai la mdt td' hop don nhait,
ma la tap hpp 8 tri thdng minh thanh phan: + Ngdn ngu (viet tho hay truyen ngin); + Toan logic (giai hay chifng minh toan logic); + Khdng gian (tim thay nhiing khoang khdng trong thanh phd'mdi); +Nhjp dieu (dien kinh hay vii dieu); + Am nhae (viet ban sonat hay choi mdt bai dpe tau); + Lien nhan each (each thifc hieu qua trong quan he lien nhan each hay quan he vdi ngudi khae); + Tuhie'u minh (dat trinh dp cao trong tu nhan thifc); + Tu nhien (nhin tha'y cae md'i quan he
phue tap trong mdi trudng tu nhien) Ong cdn phan
Tap chi Gido due so 327 25
Trang 3tich sau hon ve van de tri thdng minh nhu: dng chi ra
hai diem dac trung trong hanh vi ciia cac nha sang
tao: + Hp cd rat nhieu nang luong duy tri sue luc dthdi
diem dot pha; + Hp ed kha nang tif bd rat nhieu dieu
thii vj trong cupc sd'ng de dat dupe thanh cdng trong
nghe nghiep
-Lithuyeidautucua Sternberg viLubart(^995):
sang tao bao ham 6 yeu to: tri tue, kien thifc, kieu'tu
duy, nlian each, ddng co va mdi trudng Tri tue ehi la
mdt trong sau luc thanh phan ciia hpp li/c tao ra tu
duy va hanh vi sang tao Theo li thuye't nay, tri thdng
minh la chia khda cho sang tao, dua vao 3 thanh to:
NL phan tich: ma hda eo chgn Igc (lien quan de'n
phan biet thdng tin phii hpp hay khdng phii hap); phd'i
h<yp cochgn /pc(lien quan de'n phd'i hop thdng tin phii
hpp theo each mdi); so sinh cd chgn igc (lien quan
de'n so sanh thdng tin mdi vdi thdng tin cu theo each
mdi).Baquatrinhnay,lacasddeddtphatuduyph_at
sinh sang tao; NL thuc tiin:\le ban chat, NL thuc tiin
lien quan de'n viee "ban" y tudng Vi sang tao nim
trong su tuong tac vdi con ngudi, nhiem vu va mdi
trudng; dieu quan trpng la hpe each giao tiep y tudng
cua ca nhan mpt each edhieu qua va lam the nao de
thuyet phue ngudi khac hieu ve gia trj y tudng cua
minh Tdm lai, tif nhiing van de phan tich tren da lam
rd cac md'i quan he trong cua tiianh phan NL tu duy
tri tue, va eho thay, hoat dpng NCKH-CN ciia ca nhan
ein phat trie'n theo tirng khia canh tri tue hoac theo
thanh phan tri tue cu the phu hop vdi linh vuc nghien
cifu va cae NL can thiet phat huy tri tue trong hoat
ddng nghien cifu khoa hpe eiia moi ca nhan
c) Tuduykfthuat Tac gia TrIn Khanh OiJ'c (4) da
nhan manh ye tu duy kT thuat: KH-CN va eac hoat
dpng thuc tien (san xua't, dich vu, nghien cifu) eua
con ngudi cang phat trien thi tu duy, hoat ddng cung
phattrie'n theo Suda dang va mifc dp phifc tap ciia
hoat ddng dd dac biet la trong qua trinh phat trien
cdng nghe hien dai va nen kinh tetri thifc da lam tang
nhanh ham lupng chat xam trong cac san pham, gia
tang thanh phin cua hoai ddng tri tue, hoat ddng tu
duy Ngay nay tinh chat lao ddng cua ntiieu nghe
dang thay dd'i, lao ddng tri tue da va dang thay the
dan lao ddng eo bip Thuc tiin cho thay, trong viee
dieu chinh va sua chira nhifng may mdc, dung cu
trang thiet bi thi thdi gian bo ra de chuan doan kT
thuat, tim nguyen nhan gay hong hoc, dexuatphuang
an sua chifa hop li chiem 60-80% cdng viee, nghTa la
phai giai quye't cac nhiem vu ddi hdi tu duy, su suy
nghT, edn lai 20-40% thdi gian danh cho viee thue
hanh sua chifa Loai hlnh tu duy dupe hlnh thanh va
26 Tap chi Gido due so 327
phat trie'ri trong qua trinh hoat ddng kT thuat - edng nghe nhim giai quyet nhifng bai loan (nhiem vu) kT thuat vdi nhiing dac diem rieng, ddc dao so vdi tuduy thdng thudng dupe gpi la tu duy kTthuat Tinh chat li thuye't, thuc hanh la dac diem CP ban nhat eiia tu duy kTthuat, nd de ra mdt loat nhifng yeu cau phifc tap eho con ngudi trong qua trinh nghien cifu va hoat ddng san xuat Trong NCKH-CN yeu cau chii yeu la diin dat dudi dang khai quat ve mat li thuye't, dupe kiem nghiem thdng qua thuc tiin Vi vay, mudn phat trien tu duy kTthuat phai ddng thdi tien hanh hang loat cae thao tac tri tue, ket hop vdi hanh ddng thuc hanh lam cho chiing hd trp, kie'm tra, thiic day lan nhau Tif chd de xuat ra mdt gia thuyet, thdng qua kie'm nghiem thay chua hpp li thi de ra mdt li thuyet mdi hpp 11 hon rdi lai td' ehife kiem nghiem nhim kiem tra tinh dung din cila van de dat ra Chinh qua trinh dd lam chotu duy kTthuat phat trie'n Tren co sd phattrie'n tu duy ki thuat giiip GV day nghe nghien cifu eac hoatddng ki thuat de cd each nghien cuu giai quyet cac van de trong ITnh vuc day nghe VI vay, G V day nghe khdng the diing phuang phap "day chay" ma II thuyet phai dupe kiem chifng bing thue tien, diem ehinh la neu biet td'chifc hoatddng hpe tap eho hpe sinh nghe sao eho li thuye't di ddi vdi thue hanh bing cac hoat dpng
eu the thudng xuyen, tac ddng qua lai ket hpp lin nhau degiai bai toan kT thuat se dat hieu qua td'iuu VI vay, tu duy kTthuat phai cd md'i lien ket chat che giOa cae li thuye't vdi hinh anh, hinh tupng va cac hoat ddng thuc tien
3 Ket luan
Phan tich tren da lam rd mdt so van de ban chat ben trong cua NL nghien cifu khoa hpe ndi chung va
NL NCKH-CN ndi rieng Dd la nhimg co sdcan thiet
de tim ra cae ndi dung va bien phap boi dudng nhim nang eao NL NCKH-CN cua giang vien cao dang nghe, gdp phin nang eliat lupng chuyen mdn ciia dpi ngu giang vien cao dang nghe hien nay •
(1) NguySn Vie't Su "Giai phap nang cao nang luc nghiSn cuu khoa hpc cho giang vien eac trirdng trong
he the'ng su pham kl thuat Viet Nam" Viin Chiin
lupc vd chuong trinh gido due, H 2006
(2) Duong Thieu TO'ng Phuong phap nghien cihi
khoa hoc giao due va tam If NXB Dai hpe qudc gia
Hd Chi Minh, 2002
(3) Pham Thanh Nghi Giao trinh tam li hoc sang
tao NXB Dai hpe qudc gia Hd Ndi, 2012
(4) Tran Khanh Due Giao due va phat trien ngu6n nhan
(Xem tiep trang 23)
(kil-2/2014)