MDI TRirflNIi HOC TAP KifN TAO TRDNG L0P OOi OOQNG GIAO VIEN ThS, NGUYEN THI THU THUY'''' Boi dudng thudng xuyen (BDTX) cho giao vien (GV) la nipt trong nhieu md hinh nham phat trien nghe nghiep lien tue[.]
Trang 1MDI TRirflNIi HOC TAP KifN TAO TRDNG L0P OOi OOQNG GIAO VIEN
ThS, N G U Y E N THI THU THUY'
Boi dudng thudng xuyen (BDTX) cho giao vien
(GV) la nipt trong nhieu md hinh nham phat
trien nghe nghiep lien tue eho G V vaduge xem
la md hinh ed uu the giup so ddng GV duge tiep ean
vdi cac chuong trinh phat trien nghe nghiep Mac du
cac hinh thdc BDTX dupe sudyng kha linh hoat, nhung
phan Idn eae hinh thuc nay deu dua tren hoat ddng
day hpc (DH) de trien khai,
Mdt trong nhung hudng nghien eutj nhlim nang
cao chat lugng BDTX la nang cao ehat luang DH, dae
biet la ehat lugng hpc tap cua hgc vien la GV trong qua
trinh thuc hien eae ehuong trinh boi dudng Cd nhieu
yeu to anh hudng den chat luang hge tap cua GV
trong BDTX Moi trudng hoc tap (MTHT) kie'n tao ia
mdttrong nhung ;^eu tddd
1 Hoc tap kien tao trong Idp BDTX GV
Triet li kien tao trong DH da dupe nghien ei/u va
phat trien manh me rdn^ khap cac linh vuc va cap
md hinh va kT thuat DH theo thuye't kien lao da dugc
ban den hoac phattrien trong eae nghlencdu luan an,
tim tdi, DH hop tac, DH dt/a vao tuong tac, DH di/a
vao duan Ngoai ra, chung cung duoc de cap nhieu
trong eae tai lieu duan nhu la nhdng kTthuat da pho
bien va dupe ung dung lau nay tren the gidi
Nghien ciJfu li thuyet ve hpc tap cho tha'y: 1) Hgc
tap la hoat ddng eua ngudi hoc va do ngudi hpe thuc
hien, khdng al cd the thay the 6[iac hp; 2) Hpe tap la
mot hoat dpng, do vay nd duge hinh thanh va phat
trien Theo dd, nhiem VLI va muc tieu cua ngudi day la
hinh thanh va phattrien hoatdpng hpc cho ngudi hgc;
3) Do dupe hinh thanh va phat trien pen hoat ddng
hpc chiu si/tac dpng eua nhieu yeu td, co nhung ye'u
td""thude ban than ngudi hpe va n h i ^ g yeu td ben
ngoai ngudi hpe Tat ca nhung gl quan he den hoat
hinh thanh vaphattrienhoatddng hge) la mdi tn/dng
cua hcc tap
Cae tae gia Steffe & Gale (1995), Tobiri (1993)
cho ring, thuye't kien tao da trd thanh li thuyet cd arih
hudng Idn trong khoa hpe giao dye St/ hap d i n eua
kien tao la nd cung ea'p mot khudn kho ehde nang
tap va giang day Theo each nay, kie'n tao giu nhiem
vu tham ehieu tdi li thuyet "dexay dung mot Idp hpc td'i
da hda hoat ddng hpe tap cua ngudi hge" (1) Dieu nay da nhan manh tdi su can thjel ed tac ddng su pham anh hudng tdi moi tnrdng dien ra cac hoatdpng mdi, ed y nghTa duajren kinh nghiem cua hg trong va bang each giaiquyet dupe eae nhiem vu, van de trong hgc tap
B&ng viec khai quat trong eae nghien edu ve DH, tae gia Dang Thanh Hung eho rang "viee thiet ke phuong phap DH phai bam sat tung loai hoat ddng cua ngudi hgc, cung nhuphuong tien, mdi tn/dng cua bai hgc" (2)
Do dd, DH kien tao trong ldp BDTX G V nhan manh sutap tnjng vao eae yeu td anh huong tdi hoat ddng hoc tap CLJa ngudi hgc, trong dd, kinh nghiem qua khd eua ngudi hge duge tdnjrgng; kinh nghiem va kie'n thuc eua hpduoe dtJng de hudng dan giang day Ngudi phuang phap hgc eua minh, khdng theo hiing thu day ddng vai trd la ngudi hd trp, hudng dan ngudi hpc thdng qua kmh nghiem, giiip ngudi hpc hoan thien suy nghTva cung ea'p eho hg eo hdi dexay dung niem tin tukinh nghiem cua hg Ngudi tipe edco hdi de thu qua kiem tra theoquan diern ca nhan cua hg Ngudi day eung cap nhieu co hpide ngudi hpc cdthetrap dd1 kien tao tri thue mdi, ed y nghia dua tren suke't nd'i cac
li thuyet va kinh nghiem da ed
2 MTHT kien tao trong lop BDTX GV
MTHT trong Idp BDTX G y - noi diln ra hoat dong BDTX eua hgc vien la GV gom tap hop cae yeu td'cd anh hudng de'n suhinh thanh va phattrien hoat ddng hpe tap eua G V tai Idp BDTX MTHT nay do ca ngudi dung, trong do ngudi hgc mang day du dae die'm hgc tap ciia hoc vien ngudi Idn
MTHT kien tao trong Idp BDTX GVTH dugc xem_
ia mpt khung hudng dan giang day dUa tren van de
iuoc thiet ke hai hda m thiet ke td'ng the eua bai hpe,
trong dd, ngudi hpe ddng vai trd ehu the eua hoat ddng hpe tap va ngudi day ddng vai trd ngudi hudng din, tu van ho trg ngudi hoc chiem ITnh tri thue mdi thdng qua con dudng kien tao Trong MTHT nay
* Vu Giao due dai hoc, 66 Giao dgc va Dao tao
(ki2-7/2014) Tap chi Gido due so 338 33
Trang 2ngudi day cd the eung cap bat ke nguon tai nguyen
nghiem, dua tren van de ean giai quyet den bd'i eanh
tht/c te vabd'l canh ao, tat ea cac van de nay dugc tieh
hop trong thiet keglang day kie'n tao MTHT kien tao
se la mdt MTHT giau thdng tin, nhan van, ed tuong
tac, ed tinh mdva hudng vao ngudi hoc de giup ngucfl
hgc cdthe giai quyet van de, tuong tae vdi ngudi khac
va danh gia viec hgc cua hg
3 Mot SO dac diem cua MTHT kien tao trong
lopBDTXGV
Nghien cdu dac diem cua MTHT kie'n tao trong ldp
BDTX GV dua tren quan diem DH kien tao, tap tmng
vao ngudi hgc va dua tren tae ddng qua lai giua ngudi
day, ngudi hpc va eae nhan to cua MTHT Dd la:
1) Ngudi bge trong Idp BDTX GV li cin bg
quan ligiao diie (thupc cac eo quan C]uan li giao due
dja phuong, cac ea sd giao dye pho thdng) va GV
Hoddng vai trd la hpc vien trong qua trinh tham gia
boi dudng Dd la n h i ^ g nguc^ hgc da trudng thanh
-nhung hoc vien ngucrt Idn Vi vay:
- MTHT tronp Idp BDTX GV la MTHT cua hpc
vien ngudi Idn Cac ye'u td'tao eau thanh cac loai MTHT
trong ldp BDTX GV cd lien quan chat ehe den nhung
dae diemeua hpe vien ngudi Idn cung nhu nhung
nguyen t i c va ptiong each hpe tap eua hg
• GV vdi vai trd ngudi hgc^trong Idp BDTX GV
khdng ehi cd day du cae dac diem cua hgc vien ngudi
ehat lao ddng nghe nghiep cua hp Do dd, yeu cau ve
nghiem ngat
-DdinguGV hien nay dugc dao tao tdnhieu nguon,
nhieu hinh thdc khae nhau;_kinh nghiem nghe nghiep
mdt chutjng trinh boi dudng eua BDTXGV,hgse la
nhung ye'u td'tao r a s u da dang trong cac md'i quan
he, cac hoat ddng dien ra trong khong gian noi diln
ra hoat ddng bdi dudng Dieu nay cho thay, MTHT
kien tao trong Idp BDTX GV la khdng thuan nha't
2) Ngudi day la ngudi budng dan ngudi hgc
theo nbung mtJC tieu xic dinh trong chuang
trinh boidudng bing kien thue va kinh nghiem
eoam/Vj/i.Trongdd, ngudi day phai to'chdc hudng
d i n hpc tap de Iam nay sinh tri thuc dngudi hge va
dua ra nhdng ean thiep cd lgi vao qua trinh hgc tap
eua ngudi hge
3) USTHtkien tao phai tao ra dngudi hgc s t f
tham gia, bung thu va tracb nhiem Nd g i n cho
ngudi day vai trd xay dung kehoach, hudng dan hoat
dpng va hop tac Ndgan cho mdi trudng anh hudng
quan trpng den eae phuong phap rieng etja ngudi
hgc va ngudi day Do dd, MTHT kien tao ean:
a) Dam bao su phtj hop cua ea nhan ngudi hgc
L Tap chi Gido due so 338
(kinh nghiem, kien thdc san ed) vdi eae van de can gial quyet trong bd'i eanh hgc tap tai Idp BDTX G V b) Ho trp ngudi hpe giai quye't van de hpc tap cd y nghia ddi vol hp
e) Khuyen khich ngudi hpe kien tao tri thiic mdi thdng qua phan hoi
d) Thuc day ngudI hpc tham gia cac hoat dpng hgc tap thdng qua dieu khien, chia se
e) Hdtrg ngudi hpc kien tao tri th tie mdi thong qua thao luan, hpp tac, dam phan
DH la hoat ddng cdt Idi eua giao due ndi chung va cua BDTXGV ndi rieng.Xuatphattd vai trd, tim _quan trpng cua BDTX G V, can thiet phai ehii trpng den eae bien phap denang eao chat luc^gDH, dae bigt la ehat lugng hge tap cua GV khi tham gia BDTX Mdt trong nhung bien phap, do la thiet ke MTHT kien tao trong dieu kien eu the la cae Idp BDTX GV nhulamdttrong nhung hinh thde giao due ngudi Idn va phattrien nghe nghiep G V a
(1) Tobm, K., & Tippins, D "Constructivism as a
referent for teaching and learning" The practice of constructivism in education pp 3-21 1993
{2} Dang Thanh Hung Day hoc hien dai NXB Dgi
hgc qu&e gia, H 2002
Tiii li^utham khdo
1 BO GD-DT Quy chebSi du&ng thuang xuyin gido
viin mdm non, ph6 thdng vd gido diic thuang xuyin
{ban h^nh theo ThOng tu-sd 26/2012/TT-BGDDT ngky 10/7/2012)
2 Bill Van Quan Dfi xuat dinh huong va giai phSp
bdi dudng giao vien Ki ye'u Hpi thdo khoa hgc Xdy
dung chuong trtnh bSi duang thuimg xuyin gido viin mdm non, phd thdng vd gido due thu&ng xuyin 00
GD-DT, H 2008
3 Nguyen Thj Thu Thiiy "Mdi trudng hpc t^p trong b6i duOng thudng xuy6n cho giSo vien phd th6ng"
Tgp chi Gido due, sd 248, thang 10/2010
4 Steffe, L P., & Gale, J "Constructivism in education", Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 1995
SUMMARY
Constructlvist in education have been researched and developed strong broad areas and levels Many strategies, models and learning techniques
of constructlvist was developed in the teaching and learning as problem solving, inquiry based learning, cooperative learning, teaching interactive, teaching based on project
This study focuses on the characteristics of the learning environment construvivist in specific condi-tions class of in-service teacher training as one of the forms of adult education and teachers profes-sional development
(ki2-7/2014)