CD S i l i LUAN DAY VA DOC Tif VDNG Tlt NG ANN CNUYEN NGANH ThS NGUYEN THI V I E T P H U O N G " Ml | 6i trudng hpi nhap quoc te doi hoi sinh vien (SV) tot nghiep ra truang can phai co kha nang su''''dun[.]
Trang 1CD S i li LUAN DAY VA DOC Tif VDNG Tlt NG ANN CNUYEN NGANH
ThS N G U Y E N THI V I E T P H U O N G "
6i trudng hpi nhap quoc te doi hoi sinh vien
(SV) tot nghiep ra truang can phai co kha
nang su'dung ngoai ngU noi chung va trinh
dp Anh ngQ noi rieng Tuy nhien, thuc te cho thay
nhieu SV cua cac trudng dai hoc khong chuyen ngiro'
Vi?t Nam trinh dp tieng Anh con rat han ehe, chua
dap ung dupe yeu cau cua cac nha tuyen dung.Desu
dyng tottieng Anh, ngucrt hpc can phai chu trpng nhieu
yeu tonhu trau doi von tir vung, n i m vUng ngi/phap,
hieu bietve van hoa, thudng xuyen luyen tap Trong
do, von tiJvung duoc xem la nen tang co ban vo ciing
can thietdeSVcotliesudyngthanhthaoeac kinang:
nghe, noi, dpe, viet
1 Doi v(5i SV hpc tieng Anh ehuyen nganh noi
rieng, viec thieu von tii'vung hay hpc tifvung khong co
hi^u qua la mpt can trd Idn khong chi d cac ki nang
tren ma con trong ca djch thuat, thuyet trinh va doc
hieu cac van ban chuyen nganli Vdi mong muon SV
cothe hoc tieng Anh chuyen nganh tot hon, nang cao
kha nang siJ dung thanh thao tieng Anh trong moi
trudng hpi nhap quoc te hien nay, chiing toi da tien
hanh dieu tra b i n g phieu hoi (thdi gian td
09/2013-05/2014, Trudng Dai hpc cong doan) doi vdi 150 S V
chinh quy hpc tieng Anh chuyen nganh Kinh te, 120
SV chinh quy hpc tieng Anh chuyen nganh Xa hpi
hpc, 48 SV chinh quy hpc tieng Anh chuyen nganh
Bao hp va phong van 8 giang vien ti&'ng Anh chuyen
nganh cua Bp mon Ngoai ngQ
Trong pham vibai viet nay, chiing toi de cap casdS
bj$n day va hgc tdvung tiShg Anh chuyen nganh (vdi
sucong tac cua ThS Nguyin Thj Hien Huong, ThS
NguyHi Thj Thu, ThS.Pham Phuong LanJhS.Trinh
Thj Thanh Thuy, ThS Nguyin Thj Viet Phuong, CN
Trinh Thj Thuy Nguyen, CN Nguyen Quynh Anh),
2 C a s a i l luan v e t i r v u n g v a t u v u n g chuyen
nganh (TVCN)
1)Blnh nghia vetuvting Richards va Schmidt
djnh nghla: I'd la dan vj nhd nhat trong he thdng y
nghia eua mgt ngon ngd co the phan biet duac vdi
eacdanviti/angtu.TdlamgtdanvitnJVtugng,c6tbe
xuathien dnhieu dang thdc khac nhau tmng van noi
ho4c van viet va tai ea cac bi&i &iecua tddeu dugc eoi
(ki2-8/2014)
la mgttu''{^; 303); Maeounova (2; 54) lai dinh nghTa
tdvung b i n g each so sanhsukhac biet giOa tir (word) vatdvung{vocabulary).Khidjnh nghia td, nhanghien cuu nay cho ring td la don vj ngon nguco nghla T u gom I t d g o c vacd the CO them tien tohoac hau to TU dupe dung de eau tao cae cum td, menh de va eau
D i e biet, Maeounova da dua ra mpt dac diem quan
trpng de nhan biet tu trong cac v i n ban do la mditd dugc ngan cich vdicac tdkhac bing mgt da'u cich
Them vao do, moi td se thupc vao mot hay nhieu nhom td loai sau: danh td, tinh td, dai td, dpng td, trang
td, gioitd, lien tdva than t d Doi vol tdvung, Maeounova trich d i n hai dinh nghla trong Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary (3): 1}Tdvung la tatca nhdng tdducfcmpt ngudi biet vasudung;2) Tdvung la tatca nhung td ton tai trong met ngon ngif hay mpt chu de
cy the Cung theo tddien noi tren, tdvung dupc ehia thanh hai nhom nho: td vung bi dpng {passive vocabulary)vatdvung chu dpng (active vocabulary) Tdvung bj dpng gom cac td ngudi dpe hoac nghe co the hieu dupe nhung khong dupc sd dung trong khi noi hoac viet Ngupc lai, tdvung ehu dpng gom cac td khong ehi dupe hieu trong kill dpe hoae nghe ma con dupe diing de tao nen cac cau eo y nghla trong giao tiep; - Ur (4; 60-62) va Harnier (5; 156-157) di sau hon vao djnh nghTa tdvung vdi met bang liet ke cae yeu to CO ban cua tdvung bao gom hinh thdc (fomn), ngdphap (grammar: tdvung ladanh tdhay dpng td, danh t d s o i t h a y s o n h i e u , vjtri cua cac tinh td, }, bien doitd(wordderlvation: ddng td dgy hpc Ifeac/?"
chuyen sang danh td "teacher), nghTa den/nghla
bieu thj (denofcn), nghTa bong/nghTa md rpng (connotation), sukethc^td(collocatlon),tdd6ng nghia (synonyms), td trai nghTa (antonyms), an du (metaphor),
Chinh vi tdvung gom nhieu t h ^ h tocho nen Natron (6} (2001) cho rang, ngudi hpc tdvung can co kha nang nhan ra phat am, chdviet eua td, dac biet la hieu dupe cac y nghTa khac nhau eua cung mpt td trong cac v i n canh khac nhau
* TnAIngBai bpc cong doan
Tap chi Giao dye so 340 I 59
Trang 2vung cung dong mot vai tro quan trpng trong viec tiep
can mpt ngon ngu Adam va Collins, dupc trich d i n
trong bai viet cua Murokoli (7; 8), coi t d v i ^ g i a nhdng
vien gach gop phan tao thanh "buc tudng" giao tiep
Nhdcotuvwigmacon ngudi cothe nghe, noi, dpe va
viet Viec tiep thu kien thuc cung phattrien khi ngudi
hpc nam dupc y nghTa cua tdvung Ngudi hpc e6
nhieu tdvung cokha nang hieu mptvan ban ngay ca
khi van ban CO ehda mpt sotdmdi Nha ngon ngd hpc
Thombury cung tan thanh quan diem coi td vung la
nhan toquan trpng trong giao tiep, la don vj giao tiep
coban nhatvi ong cho rang: "Ban CO the noi dupc mpt
chiit it b i n g ngdphap, nhung ban se hau nhu khong
noi dupc bait cddieu gi ma khong co tdvung" (8; 13)
2) binh nghia ve TVCN TV C N la cac th u at n g u
chuyen men (technical temis) hay ban chuyen mdn
(semi-technical terms), cac thuat ngd kinh te cot 161
(core business terms) dupc sd dung trong cac tai lieu
ehuyen nganh viet bang ngoai ngd; bai viet, sach bao,
hpi thoai, giao tiep, cac bai d i l n thuyet,., eo ehu de
thupc ve chuyen nganh do
Khac vdi td vung thong thudng, TVCN dupc sd
dung nhieu hon trong hpc thuat, h o i c trong cae linh
vuc chuyen mon eu the nhu: ke toan, tai chinh ngan
hang; y dupc; bao hp lao dpng, , Tdvung khong thupc
[inh vuc chuyen nganh thi co the thudng xuyen dupc
sddung trong cac hoat dpng giao tiep cua cupc song
hang ngay nhieu hon va khong tao nen su khac biet
qua Idn trong ngon ngu phd'thdng
Trong giang day ngoai ngd chuyen nganh noi
chung va tieng Anh ehuyen nganh noi rieng, tdvung
lajjeu toquan trpng khong nhihig tao nen nhung dac
diem dac thii cua ngoai ngd tdng ehuyen nganh ma
cdn lam cho ngoai ngu ehuyen nganh khae vdi ngoai
ngd pho thong
3) Cac yeu tdanh hudng den viee day va hge
tu vung tieng Anh chuyen nganh
a) Nangli/C ngon ngu Nang luc ngon n g u d day
dupc hieu la kha nang su dung ngon ngdthuhai cua
ngudihpc Hpctdvung la mptqua trinh kha phuc tap,
doi hoi ngucri hpceo nhieu kien thucve nhieu ITnh vue
Mpt d i e diem quan trpng de nhan biet cua qua trinh
hpc td vunci do la can nhieu thdi gian de eo the dan
dan n i m b i t dupc nhiing loai kien thuc t d v i ^ g , Vi dy:
ngudi ta co the hieu nghTa mot td khi hp nghe tu do,
nhung cd the ngay liic do hp khong biet each doc no
mpt each chinh xac Schmitt (9) da nhan dinh: "Viec
hpctdvung khong nhat thietphaidupe thuc hien ngay
cung mpt luc M l i loai t d v w i g CO the dupc hpc theo
60 Tap chi Giao due so 340
mupn hon va vdi ti le khac nhau." Nhu vay, hpc td vung la mot n l luc sud't dcrt Vi6c tiep thu tdvung phai
dupc tieh luy dan dan, vi ro rang la khong the dat 6\S(«^
suthanh thao ve tat ca cae loai tdvung eiing lue dupc
Do dd, trong b i t ki thdi diem nao, khi ngudi hpc hoan toan ehua biet hoac da hieu hoan toan mpt td, thi cac kien thdc ve td vung cua ngudi d6 se ton tai d nhieu muc dp khac nhau
b) Kie'n thde chuyin nginh TVC N la nhdng thuat
nguehuyen mdn; do vay, dd'lvdinhung ngucrt hpc td vung tieng Anh chuyen nganh, nhwig kien thdc ve chuyen nganh hpc cua hp co vai trd het sde quan trpng trong viee hieu va ITnh hpi cac khai ni§m, djnh nghia, Kien thdc chuyen nganh giiip ich rat nhieu eho ngudi hpe tdvung tieng Anh ehuySn nganh vl:
- Giiip ngudihpc hieu vaghi nhdTVCN d i d a n g hon: trong hpc tieng Anh ehuyen nganh, ngudi hpc gap nhieu kho khan khi phai hpe va ghi nhd eiing liic rat nhieu thuatngd; neu co kien thde ve chuyen nganh, hpcothegincacthuatnguvdl nhiing khaini&m, hieu biet ma minh da code hieu va ghi nhdtdm^t each d l dang hon; - Hpc tdvi/ng khdng phai la mot trong bd'n kTnang hpcngoaingd(n6i, nghe, doe, v i l t - v a gan day cd kT n i n g thd nam la kT nang djch), nhung td vung la yeu to g i n ket cac kinSng nay vol nhau Khi hpc, ngudi hpc thudng hpc TVCN mptcach thy dpng qua Idi glai thich cua giao vien, do do, neu khong co kien thdc sau ve chuyen nganh se rat kho n i m bit;
- Ngudi hpc thudng chi chpn nhiing td, cum td trong bai hpc ma hp chua biet de hpc, do v&y, nhdng kien thde chuyen nganh se giup hp rat nhi^u trang qua trinh tu hpc tren Idp va d nha
Tuong tu nhu vay, ngudi d^y tieng Anh chuyen
nganh neu 6\iqo trang bj kien thdc chuyen nganh se
giiip ich rat nhieu cho ngudi hpc trong viec tie'p thu cac kien thiio ngon ngu
c)£?pngco'/?pc.Theo nha ngon ngdhpcDSmyei (10; 34-39), ngudi hpc chju tac dpng rat Idn tdthai
dp ciia nhung ngudi xung quanti trpng qua trinh hpc tap: - La nhan to chinh de hinh thanh dpng co
cua ngudi hpc, giio vien nha't thie't phai cd thai dp
tich cue va su nhiet tinh giang dgy Mon ngoai ngd ehuyen nganh thudng kho khan, khd hieu Neu ngudi day khie'n cho bai hpe trd nen thu vj, ngudi hpc se
hao hdng hpc hon; - G'la dinh, cha me.-neu cha me
cung CO quan diem tich cue den viec hpc tap cua eon em minh thi ngudi hpc s e d u p c hpc thuan lpi hon Ngupe lal, ngudi hpc se d l t d b o dpng ca hpc tap cua minh neu co nhung tac dpng tieu cue tdphia
(ki2-8/2014)
Trang 3dudng trong mpt xa hpi cd thai do tieh cue thi se tot
cho ket qua hpc tap eua hp Vi vay, rat can tao ra
mpt khong khi tieh ci/c trong Idp hpc tieng Anh
chuyen nganh de tao dupc moi trudng hpe tap tot
Cothe noi.dpngcohpclampttrong nhung yeu to
cdanh hudng manh me tdi suthanh eong hay that bai
ciia viec hpe tieng Anh Neu ngudi hpc khong eo dpng
[uc hpc thise rat khddekhienhp hpp tac trong Idp hpc,
va dieu nay edthe dan tdi viec hp khong tham gia vao
cac hoatdpng hpc tren Idp va khong n l luc hpc ngoai
ngu Can tao ra nhdng dpng co ben trong (Intrinsic
motivatron)vadOTgcobenngoai(extrinslc motivation)
de khuyen khieh ngudi hpe Theo nha ngon nguhpe
Jeremy Harmer, dgng ca ben trong (intrinsic
motivation) dupc hieu la dpng luc xuat phat td ban
than ngudi hpe, nhdng gi maban ttian nguoi hpc mud'n
tudgt dupe bdi vihp cam ttiay thieh thii (vidu nhu viee
nim batkienthdcngon ngd) Mptvidudien hinh elio
dpng CO den td ben trong la mot su quan t i m hay y
thich cua ngudi hpc, noi each khac do la mot hoat
dpng dupc thyc hi?n vi ehinh lpi ich eua n d Ngupc lai,
dgng ca ben ngoai (extrinsic motivation) lai bi anh
hudng tdcac yeu to ben ngoai Ngudi hpc hpc tap vt
hp dupc mong dpi nhu vay hay hp bj b i t bupe phai
hpc Dpng co hpc cd the la nhung mdn hpc b i t bupc
trong chuong trinh hpc ciia nha tnj'dng, nd eo the la
mpt nhu cau dedap dng sumong dpi tdphia cha me
cua hp, hay la su khao khat dupc khen ngcrt hay mpt
cong viec tot hon trong tuong lai
Gardnerva Lambert (11) lai phan biet hai loai dpng
CO hpc: - Bgng ca phuang tien (instrumental
moti-vation) - kie'n thdc ngon ngd 6\sqc khai thac nhu mot
phuong tien de dat dupc dieu gi dd trong cupc song:
hoc detim dupc cong viec tot hon, de cothe doe dupc
hay hieu cac hudng d i n tren cac thiet bj trong cong
vi$c cua hp, hoac de sang nudc ngoai hpe tap ;
• Baigcahoa nhip (integrative motivation) thudng
xuathien dnhi>ig ngudi hpc muon dpe dupc bao chi
chuySn nganh, ne'u hpsang nude ngoai thi hp muon
nghe hieu va ndi chuyen dupc trong cac hpi thao quoe
te, hay don gian la hp mud'n giao tie'p va muon hda
nhap vao xa hpi do Vdi viec day thuit ngd (TVCN),
giao vien nen tim ra each tot nhat de khieh le ngudi
hpc hpc tdvung tiSng Anh trong mot moi tardng vda
nghiem tiic vda than thien
d) Thai do, ythdc cua ngudi hgcobinh hudng rat
Idn ldi viec hoc ngdn ngdndi chung vaviec hpc TVCN
nolrieng.Neunguo^hpcdacodpngcohpctapnhdng
hp lai thieu y thdc hay e o ^ a i dp hpc tap kem thi se d i n
nguehuyen nganh, khong the dat dupe mye tieu bai hpc va do dd hp se thit bai trong viee hpc ngon ngu Nhiing gi dien ra trong Idp hpc CO anh hudng rat Idn tdi thai dp hpe t i p ndi chung vahpc tdvung ngoai ngundl rieng Do d6, ngudi hpe can phai dupc tao mot moi tn;dng hpc tap td't, khi can thi giao vien chinh la ngudi lam thay doi thai dp hgc tap cua SV
d) Chien luac hgc tdvung Viec hoc TVCN thanh
cdng hay that bai tiiy thupc vao viec ngudi hpc cd cac chien lupc hpc hay khong, cae chien lupc hpc do cd dupc ap dung dung loai, dung each va vao dung thdi diem hay khong.Chien lupc hpctdvung lamptpham
tm trong chien lupc hpe ngon ngu Neu ehien Iupe hpc ngon ngu dupe djnh nghTa la "nhung hanh dpng dac thu dupc ngudi hpc sddyng dekhien cho viee hpe cua
hp trd nen d l dang, nhanh chong, thich thii, tu chu, hieu qua hon va co the ehuyen sang dung eho cac tinh huong mdi Theo (3), c/j/en/i/o'c/ipc/y'viynpbao gom nhdng hieu bietve nhiing gi ngucrt hpc sudung detim ra nghTa cua tdmdl, luu giu chiing lau dai trong tri nhd, nhd lal chiing khi can de hieu hon ngdn ngd,
va sd dyng chung de tao ra ngon td (3; 8)
e) Phuang phip (PP) giang day Tdvung v i n luon
ludn dupc coi la met phan quan trpng trong viec day ngoai ngd Ben eanh do viec day cae eau triic ngd phapvangdam v i n dang dupc chuy tdi nhieu, mpt
so PP giang day ngdn ngu da va dang dupc ap dung tren thegiditdtheki XX: PP djch-ngdphap, PP day theo dudng hudng giao tie'p (Communicative Language Teaching), PP ngdn ngd - nghe (audio-lingual), PP giao nhipm vy (task-based learning), PP phan xa tong the (total physical response), PP Suggestopedi
Nhiing trinh bay neu tren khai quit ve cac quan diem cuacac nhanghien ciixi ngon ngdno'itieng tren the gidi ve td vung, TVCN, ve cac ye'u to cd the anh hudng tdi viee day vahpc TVCN.Tren CO sdii luan va kinh nghiem tiiuc tiln day va hpc TVCN cua giang vien va SV cac tn/dng dai hpc d Viet Nam, hi vpng day
se la nhung tham khao bo ich cho viec day hpc tieng Anh ehuyen nganh eho SV khong chuyen ngudcae trudng d?l hpc Viet Nam Q
(ki2-8/2014)
(1) Richards, J, C - Schmidt, R Longman dictionary
of language teaching and applied linguistics (4th ed.)
London: Longman (Pearson Education), 2010
(2) Maeounova, L Teaching of vocabulary
(Bachelor thesis) Masaryk University Brno; 2007
Tap chi Gido due so 340 61
Trang 4Cambridge University Press; 1990,
(4) Ur P A course in language teaching: practice
and theory Cambridge University Press; 2000
(5) Harmer, Jeremy The practice of English language
teaching London and New York • Longman, 1991,
(6) Nadon, E S P Learning vocabulary in another
language Cambridge University Press; ; 2001
(7) Mukoroli, J Effective vocabulary teaching
strategies for the English for academic purposes Est
classroom (Master of Arts), Vermont; 2011
(8) Thombury, S How to teach vocabulary Pearson
Educational Limited; 2002
(9) Schmitt N, Vocabulary learning strategy
Cambridge University Press; 1997
{10)D6rnyei,Zoltan Motivational strategies in the
language classroom Cambridge University Press,
2001
(11) Din theo Eyildirim, Selma, and Sally Ashton
"Creating PosUive Attitudes towards English as a
Foreign Language" English Teaching Forum 4 (2006):
2-11
Tai Ueu tham khao
1 H£i Thj Huang San Nghiin cuu ve cdc chiin IUQ'C
Ikii nhdt Trud'ng Dgi hQc Kinh tiqudc ddn, H 2006
2 Nguygn Thj Thu Huong YSu t&dnh hudng din hgc
tit Vitng tiing Anh tgi Truang Cao ddng cdng ddng HdN0i,U.2OOS
3 Le Thanh Ta Nhiing thach ihiic trong hgc tii ddng
nghia cUa sinh viin ndm thii nhdt - Bgi hgc qud'c gia
Hd Ndi 2009
4 Shi-gao-Zeng Studies and suggestions on English
vocabulary teaching and learning al China University of petroleum; 2005,
SUMMARY
IntemaUonal Integration environment requires graduated students to master foreign languages In foundation and plays an essential part in speaking, listening, reading and writing Technical words are quite different from ordinary words and they cause a lot of difficulties to users, learners and teachers Some factors affecting teaching and learning techni-cal English are mentioned such as: I Language com-petence; 2 Technical knowledge: 3 Learning moti-vation; 4 Learner's attitude: 5 Vocabulary learning strategies
Su^dungsffdotirduv
(Tiep theo trang 56)
doi, thao luan trong cac nhom ve phan chuan bj
SBTD cua minh ve cac van de: (he thong hda kien
thdc, moi lien he giua cae kien thdc, each trinh bay
va md rpng kien thdc d cac nhanh ); - Cac nhdm
thao luan ve viee thiet lap SDTDeua ea nhan va cua
nhom; - GV cho HS trung bay cac SDTD cua ea
nhan hoac cua nhom (tren bang, tai nhom hoac eho
vao ban mem va chieu len bang bang may chieu
hoae may tinh.,.) de tat ea Idp quan sat, nhan xet
GV kiem tra, nhan xet, chinh sda va khuyen khich
tinh sang tao cua HS
T d CO sd ll luan va thuc nghiem day hpc mon
Hoa/jocdtrudng pho thdng cho thay, cho HS thiet
ke va sddung SOTD de t u d n tap tong ket, hethd'ng
hoa va lien ket cae kie'n thdc da phat huy dupc tinh
tich cue chu dpng sang tao cua HS Viec thiet lap
SDTD sau khi hgc moi bai hpc, mot chu de hay
mpt chuong se dan hinh thanh eho HS tu duy mach
lac, hieu biet van de mpt each sau s§e, each nhin
toan bp phan kien thuc khai quat, tong the, khdng
phai la hpc thupc, hpc v e t Nhd do, HS hi§'u sSu, nhd lau va biet van dung kien thdc linh hoat, sang tao vao cae tinh huong trong thuc t i l n Cd the ndi, day la mpt phuong phap hieu qua va cd tinh kha thi
cao nhkm gdp phan dd'i mdi PPDH mdn Hoa hgc
va cac mdn hpe khac cung van dung dupc dtn/dng pho thong.•
Tdi li^u tham khao
1 Tony Buzan B a n dd tu* duy trong cflng vi£c
NXB Lao dpng xa hdi, H 2008
2 Le Xuan Trpng - Nguyen HQu Dinh - Tir Vgng Nghi
- D6 Binh Rang - Cao Thi Th§ng Hoa hpc 12
(nang cao), NXB Gido due, H 2009
3 www,mind-inap.com (trang web chinh thiJc cua Tony Buzan)
4 http://www.download com, vn
The author analyzes the thinking diaff-aw sche-matic setup method of thinking and a way of think-rize knowledge of metal chemistry 12 This method established for students lo^cal thinking, understand-ing deeply the issue, said flexible use knowledge crea-tively to practical situaUons
62 Tap chl Gido due so 340
(ki2-8/2014)