Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM SS 62 nam 2014 MOT SO NHAN XET VE BO SACH QUOC N G C C A P I CUA HAN QUOC CHO MYEONG SOOK'''' TOM TAT Viec khdo sdt chuang trinh (CT) Sdch gido khoa (SGK) Quoc ngir cdp J Hdn[.]
Trang 1MOT SO NHAN XET
VE BO SACH QUOC N G C C A P I CUA HAN QUOC
CHO MYEONG SOOK'
TOM TAT
Viec khdo sdt chuang trinh (CT) Sdch gido khoa (SGK) Quoc ngir cdp J Hdn Qudc gdn vdi nhirng ldn thay doi a cdp vi mo cUng nhu vi mo, bdi viet giai thieu mpt each khdi qudt cdc muc tieu gido due, triet li gido due cung nhu trong tdm gido due ciia Hdn Qudc qua mpt so giai dogn chinh
Tir khda: sach giao khoa Quoc ngir cap I, chucmg trinh, giao due Han Quoc
ABSTRACT
Remarks about the Korean Language textbooks for elementary schools
The survey of the syllabi of the Korean Language textbooks for elementary schools is connected to changes in macro and micro levels This paper provides an overview of the Korean educational goals, educational philosophy as well as the educational focus through several main phases
Keywords: Korean Language textbooks for elementary schools, syllabus, Education
in Korea
1 D^n nhap
Hien nay ca nuoc Viet Nam dSu
huong su chu y vao viec doi moi can ban
va toan dien nen giao due qu6c gia
Trong b6i canh do, viec tim hilu h?
thong giao due cua mot so nuac tien ti6n
noi chung, khao sat mot s6 v&i de cu th8
noi rieng, de tir do nit ra mot s6 bai hgc
kinh nghiem de ggi y vi mot each tilp
can SGK va xa hon la trijn khai CT giao
due noi chung, giao due ban ngO noi
rieng, eo mgt y nghia rat quan trgng
Xet tren nhiSu phuang dien, CT
giao due, nhat la giao due o ph6 thong
Han Quoc khong chi dugc mgt s6 nuoc
trong khu vuc ma ngay ca mgt s6 nuac
CO truyen thong giao due lau dai it chau
Au cung danh gia rat tieh cue
Giao due tieu hgc la n6n tang can
ban giiip cho hgc sinh mgt mat trau d6i tiSng me de, mat khac day la nhiing nam diu tien thu nhan tri thiic nSn, do v jy djy cai gi, day nhu thS nao, hiln nhien khong phai la chuyen dan gian, ngay ca viSc phan lap he th6ng phan bo ngi dung eQng
CO gia tri tham khao
Bai viit nay khao sat mot s6 djc
diem lien quan den CT, ngi dung, each
triSn khai giang day SGK Qu6c ngu cip I
a Han Qu6c
2 Qua trinh cai tiln chirong trinh sach giao Idioa cua Han Qu6c
Tii 1954 din nay, Han Qu6c da trai
qua 9 lin thay d6i CT SGK 6 tim vi mo
Lin gin day nhit la nam 2009 Do \i
chua ke den nhung chinh sua, ling vdi timg giai doan cu t h i Nhu vay, viec thay doi CT SGK la ehuyen binh thuong, vin de
TS, Trung tam H4n Quoc hoc, Tri^d^ng Oai hoc Su pham TPHCM
Trang 2Id quy mo thay doi vd thay ddi nhu thS nao
Qud trinh cdi tiln tuc Id qud trinh
diSu chinh dh phdt tridn ciia CT SGK
Thong qua qua trinh cdi tien nhieu lan,
CT SGK mon Qu6c ngu cung ddn ddn tro
thdnh h? thdng tucmg d6i 6n dinh Mac
dii CO sy: n6 lyre lau ddi vd su dong gop
ciia nhiSu chuyen gia 6.h eai tiln CT SGK
nhung vin con nhilu dilm bdt d6ng chua
dugc gidi quyet on thoa Vi vay, nhd
nuac Hdn Quoc du tinh se tiep tue cai
tien theo huong tien tien va hien dai
Theo ljch sii van bdn phdp lenh cua
Hdn Quoc, lan dau tien thuat ngu
"Chuong trinh sdch^gido khoa" dugc sir dung trong Lenh 35 - Bg Van giao (Bg Gido duc)\ ngay 20-4-1954, sau cong b6
CT lan thu 7, CT thucmg xuyen cdi tien timg phdn, timg bg phdn, thdm chi timg mon cho nen khong ghi so thii tu va bat ddu ghi ndm (nien do) sua lai tung phan Duoi day Id qud trinh ban hanh CT SGK (chu yeu de cap cdp I) ciia Hdn
Quoc (nhihig chu in d^m, nghieng la
bieu thj su^ mot phan cua CT SGK)
Phdn chi tiet xem a phu lue
CTSGK
(thM gian)
Tien cong bo
CT (1946-1954)
CT lan thii 1
(1954-1963)
CT lin thii 2
(1963-1973)
CT lan thil 3
(1973-1981)
CT lan thii 4
(1981-1987)
CT lan thil 5
(1987-1992)
CT lan thii 6
(1992-1997)
CT lan thii 7
(1997-2007)
So Lenh
Hang muc chinh giang day va hpc
(CT coi trong giao dye Qu6c ng&)
L?nh 35 -1954, Bo Van giao
L?nh tieu chuan phan chia so tiet hgc
ciia cap 1,11, 111 va truong su pham
Lfnh 44 -19S4, Bp Van gido,
sira CT cap I, mon Dgo due
Lfnh 119-1963, Bo Van giao
Linh 251 -1969 sira mdn Bao dire
L?nh 310-1973, Bp Van giao
Lfnh 424 -1979, Bp Van giao
CTcipI
Lenh 442-1981, Bp Van giao
Lfnh 9/89-1987, Bp Van giao
L?nh 16-1992, Bp Giao due
Lpnh 7-1995, Bp Gido due
cdi tien mdn tieng Anh
L?nh 15-1997, Bp Giao due
Lpnh 75-2006, Sp Gido due va
Ngay ban hanh
01-9-1946
20-4-1954
01-8-1955
15-02-1963
04-9-1968
14-02-1973
01-3-1979
31-12-1981 30-6-1987
30-9-1992
01-11-1995
30-12-1997
29-8-2006
Thoi gian ap dyng (ciia trinmg cap 1)
01-9-1946
1954
01-8-1955
01-3-1964-lop 1,2 01-3-1965-lop 3,4 01-3-1966-lop 5,6
01-3-1970
01-3-1973-lop 1,2,3 01-3-1974-lop 4,5,6
01-3-1979
01-3-1982- lop 1,2,3 01-3-1083-lop 4,5,6 01-3-1989-lop 1,2,3 01-3-1990-lorp 4,5,6 01-3-1989-ldp 1,2 01-3-1990-lop 3,4 01-3-1997-lop 5,6
1997-2000
01-3-2000-lop 1,2 01-3-2001-lop 3,4 01-3-2002-ldp 5,6
(2009-2011)
Trang 3CT nam 2007
(2007-2009)
CT nam 2009
(2011-2013)
Ngudn nhan lire, cdi tien mon Todn
va TiensAnh cua cap I
Lenh 79-2007
Bp Giao due va Ngu6n nhan luc,
CT cip I
Lenh 41-2009
Bp Giao due va Khoa hpc KT thuat
Lenh 24-2010 sua lgi mon Xa hpi
Linh 361-2011 Tieng Viet dugc
cong nhan nhu mpt ngoai ngii thii 2
a cip in, bien soan CT SGK
Linh 3-2012, siia CT mon Qudc
ngir, lap mii CT tiing Hdn
Lenh 14-2012,
sira lai mpt phin CTcip I, II, III
Link 31- 2012, sira Igi mpt phan
Lenh 7-2013
nhdn manh gido due lich sir
28-02-2007
23-12-2009
12-5-2010 09-8-2011
21-3-2012
09-07-2012
13-12-2012
28-12-2013
01-3-2009- ldp 1,2 01-3-2010-Idp 3,4 01-3-2011-ldp 5,6 01-3-2011-lop 1,2 01-3-2012-lop 3,4 01-3-2013- lop 5,6
01-3-2011 01-3-2013-lip 1,2 01-3-2014-lip 3,4 01-3-2015-Idp 5,6 01-3-2013- lip 1,2 01-3-2014-Idp 3,4 01-3-2015- lip 5,6 01-3-2013- lip 1,2 01-3-2014-lip 3,4 01-3-2015- lip 5,6 01-3-2013-lip 1,2 01-3-2014-lip 3,4 01-3-2015-Idp 5,6 01-3-2014
Theo thong bao eOa Bg Giao due
Han Qudc ban hanh ngay 8 thang 11 nam
2011, CT thay sach theo hinh thirc eu3n
chiSu, vi du nam 2013 6 cip I, thay sach
lop 1 va Idp 2, 6 cip II thay sach ldp 7, 6
cap III ehi thay sach Anh van a ldp 10 eii
thi iin nam 2016, CT cai tito nay se
hoan toan thay th^ cho CT truac dd
Dang ehii y la, co mgt s6 mon hgc co thi
chinh siia va thay thi rieng, ching han
nhu mon Lieh sir Han Qudc d cip III
dugc thay tir nam 2012 (xem phu luc)
Tren ca sd mgt CT ldn cd tfnh vi
mo, thudng img vai mgt thdi doan tren
dudi 10 nam, vai nhimg chiSn luge giao
due khai quat cho ca giao due phd thdng,
ngudi ta cd th8 diiu chinh bing nhung
CT nhd theo nhimg muc tieu khae nhau
Chang han, vin tren nin tang CT thay ddi
lan 7 (1997), a tiiu hge, niu nhu trudc
day tir Idp 1 din ldp 3 ed din ba cudn sach ren luyen kl nang: (i) Dge hiiu, (ii) Viit, (iii) Ndi va Nghe thi CT eai tiin lin nay ehi cdn cd hai va thdng nhit cho ca cip I, gdm (i) Nghe, Ndi, Viit va (ii) Dpc hieu Tuang tir niu nhu trude day, vin tren mo hinh 6 (Tiiu hge, cip I), 3 (cip II) va 3 (cip III), tinh phan ting d tiiu hge d mdi ldp la rit rd thi nay, CT tiiu hgc sip xip thanh ba tiiu he thing: ldp 1
va 2, ldp 3 va 4, ldp 5 va ldp 6 vdi myc tieu va ngi dtmg dugc djnh hudng rd hon
3 Nhan xet
3.1 Tim hiiu CT ndi chimg, mgt bg
SGK cua mgt cap ldp ma khdng dugc soi rgi tir muc tieu cua cip ldp dd, hiin nhien mgi nhan xet se phiin dien HSy chit y den cac mue tieu va trgng diim sau:
Trang 4Cho Myeong Sook
(i)Dinh hudmg vd phdt triln cd tinh,
huong den nhiing eong ddn truang thdnh
mot cdcb todn di|n Cu thi:
Tr6n co so nhOng ndng lire co bdn,
phdt huy tinh sdng tao thong qua thi dua
trong hpc tap;
Suy nghT vd hdnh d6ng dge l^p tren
ca sa nh&ng hieu biet da dgng vl cdc he
gid trj khac nhau;
Hoa nhap dugc v6i cgng ddng, co
tinh thdn chia se va quan tdm din nguoi
khac, la d?i sii giao tilp vai thi gidi
(ii) Trgng diem: Hinh thdnh cho hgc
sinh nhiing thoi quen, nhiing loi song cdn
bdn, boi duQng nhung kT nang thiet yeu
trong cuge song vd trong hgc tap Cu the:
Phat trien hai hoa the chat vd tam tri
thong qua kinh nghiem hgc t^p phong
phli vl nhilu linh vyc;
Boi duang ndng lire nhdn thiic vd
gidi quyet nhGng vdn de co bdn trong
CU0C song vd trong hgc tap, tu do nang
len thdnh nhiing trai nghi?m bo ich cho
tuong lai;
Hilu bilt truyin thong vdn hoa ddn
tgc, tu dd hinh thdnh thdi do diing trong
thudng thiic nhiing gid trj vdn hoa;
Mieu ta da dang kinh nghiem vd
suy nghT cua ban than, tu do hinh thdnh
thdi do hgp tac, chia se vd cam thong vdi
ngudi khdc
3.2 Ve toan bg CT, ngi dung trong
SGK cd may ddc dilm ddng chii y:
(i)De cao tieng me de, cd y thiic gido
dye ngon ngu tii rdt sdm, cd thi ndi ngay
tii ldp I;
Chii y den diln ngon ndi vdi cdc
chii dl nhu kinh nghiem;
Chii y den 4 kT ndng Ndi, Vilt,
Nghe, Doc hieu; trudc ddy mdi Jd nang la mgt cudn saeh;'CT 2013 cd cdi.tiln, tich hgp rat phu hgp
Tilng Hdn va kiln thiic vl cuge sdng gdn bd chdt che vdi nhau (ii) Viec chia thdnh 3 tieu nhdm (1&2, 3&4, 5&6) xuat phdt tir muc tieu vd ngi dung tri thiic cdn dat dugc, vi du ren luyen ve tu the khi cam biit, tu the ngdi,
tu the khi ndi, sii dung ngon ngG ea thi, dieu chinh tdc do khi ndi, ngu dieu, am lugng
(iii) Phan biet rat ro ve mue tieu va ngi dung: Vi du ve ngi dung, ldp 1 vd lap 2 chii y ve phdt dm, moi quan he ve dm va chu (chu yeu cac trudng hgp cdu tnic dm tiet dan gidn); ldp 3 vd 4 chu y su thay ddi vd bien hda ngu dm trong cdu tnic dm tiet, nhdt Id trong ngu luu khi ket hgp am tiet vdi dm tiet; ldp 5 vd 6 ehii y ldm chu gigng ndi, ngu dieu tdc do, dm lugng tuy theo ngG canh, ngi dung, mue dich (chu y hinh thGc ddng kich, each doc nhGng doan thoai the hien ca tinh nhan vat ma cdc em tham gia trong ldp)
(iv) Cd sy uyen chuyen trong van dung CT: Tuy muc tieu eiia cac Idp 3, 4, 5, 6 la g-an nhu gidng nhau, nhung muc dp ddi hdi cd khac nhau, vi du, nhan biet (cung cdp) mgt each dan 'gidn ve quoc ngG, su dung tuang ddi chudn muc qudc ngG, nhung giua cac ldp 2 vd 3, 4 va 5 khdc nhau
(v) Chu y den myc tieu rieng, ngi dung rieng Khai thde cdc hinh thuc vua hgc vua choi, vi du ca hgc ki 1 ciia ldp 1 deu
ed hinh thiic dge tha vd hat dong dao,
nhung, chii y hinh thiic md phdng cac
tieng keu cua lodi vat, nhu: Con ga nd
Trang 5keu the nao/ Con chd jid keu the nao
(vi) Khae vdi Viet Nam, CT tieu hge d
Han Qudc cd 6 cap ldp va duge chia
thanh 3 nhdm nhu sau:
- Nhdm 1, gdm Idp 1 va Idp 2;
- Nhdm 2, gdm Idp 3 va Idp 4;
- Nhom 3, gdm idp 5 va Idp 6
Viec phan thanh 3 nhdm nhu trinh
bay ben tren, la cd ly do vi CT cung nhu
muc tieu Cin thay, CT phd thdng cd 3
nhdm Idn Va moi nhom nhu vay cd tinh ddc lap tuong ddi, cac mdn hgc cung vay, ddc lap nhung vin ndi ket hoac theo chu
de hoac theo trinh tu bai hgc Rieng vi
CT Qudc ngii cip I, tir viec chgn di tai, phan bd tri thiie nen, phuong phap giang day den viec phan chia thanh cac tieu he thing deu la nhimg tham khao rit ed y nghla ddi vdi giao due ViSt Nam
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Bp Giao due Han Qudc (2013), Sdch gido khoa cdp I, Nxb Bg Giao due Khoa hgc kl
thuat cua Han Qudc
Min Hyun Sik (chu bien) (2001), Nghien cim bdn thdo cdi tiin chuang trinh ciia mon Quoc ngii ndm 2011, Bp Giao due Khoa hgc ki thuat Han Qudc
http://ncic.kice.re.kr/National Curriculum Information Center (Trung tdm thong tin chuang trinh gido khoa qudc gia)
www.moe.go.kr
http://classroom.re.kr/Teaching and Learning Center (trung tdm gidng dgy vd hoc tap)
http://www kice.re.kr
1 Ten cua Bp GiSo due Han Qu6e qua timg th« kl: Nam 1948, co tSn la B6 V5n giio ( S f t a ! ) , ngSy
27-12-1990 duae dii thanh Bg Giao due (gcWaS), ngiy 29-01-2001 c6 ten moi IS Bp Gido due va NguSn nhSn luc ( & « AWSSBSi!), ngay 29-02-2008 dSi thinh Bo Giao due vi Khoa hoe KT thuit (ltWW»e}Bai), ngay
23-3-2013 ci ten gpi moi la Bo Giao due (ftWaS) Trong bai niy, chdng toi th6ng nh& gpi la B6 Giio due
(Xem tiep trang 179}