T9P chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM Nguyin Thdnh Thi I CHUANBQC ^TRONG CHirONG TRINH NGU" VAN PHO THONG HAN QUOC TRlTdNG HgfP DANG THAM KHAO D 6 I Vdl VIEC DOI MOtt CHlTOOVG TRINH NGlT VAN 6 VIET NAM NGUYEN T[.]
Trang 1I CHUANBQC
^TRONG CHirONG TRINH NGU" VAN PHO THONG HAN QUOC
- TRlTdNG HgfP DANG THAM KHAO
D 6 I Vdl VIEC DOI MOtt CHlTOOVG TRINH NGlT VAN
6 VIET NAM
NGUYEN T H A N H T H I '
TOM TAT
Tir vi$c tim hieu, md td muc tieu vd hi thdng chudn dpc trong dgy hoc doc hiiu thuoc chuong trinh (CT) Ngic vdn phd thdng hien hdnh cua Hdn Qude, bdi viit neu mot sd luu y dinh hudng ddi vdi yeu cdu xdy dung chuan dpc cung hi thdng ngd lieu ldm co sd eho viec viit sdch gido khoa (SGK) vd dgy hoc Ngic vdn d trudng phd thdng Viet Nam sau 2015
Tu khda: chudn chuong trinh, chudn mdn ngiJ van, chudn dpc
ABSTRACT
Reading standards of Korean high school syllabus of Literature and Language
as a reference for the innovation of syllabus of Literature and language in Vietnam
Based on the investigation and description of the goals and system of reading standards in teaching reading comprehension of the high school syllabus of Literature and Language in Korea, the article suggests some orientations for the building of reading standards and system of data for the composition of textbooks and teaching Literature and Language in high schools in Vietnam after 2015
Keywords: syllabus standards, standards of literature and language, reading
standards
1 Tham khdo kinh nghifm ngiro'c cd the tham khdo tir nhieu ngudn Trong ngodi - nhu cau cd thuc va cap bach phgm vi bdi ndy, vdi nhimg tim hieu Yeu ciiu ddi mdi CT, SGK Ngii van budc dau, ehiing tdi chii ylu dd cap mpt phd thdng d Viet Nam hien nay - khi ma sd kinh nghiem cd the tham khdo, thu
CT vd SGK hi?n hdnh, timg dugc xem la hogeh dugc tir gido due phd thdng Han tot nhat trong nhthig lan cai cdeh gido Qudc Cu the la viec tham khdo nhiing dye d nude ta, da vd dang bpc Id kha kinh nghiem trong each thuc xay dung
nhieu bat edp, vd kinh nghiem qude ndi chudn doc vd xdy dyng hi thdng ngic lieu
ehua du dd tgo nhimg thay ddi edn ban, day hpc Ngii van tir CT, SGK phd thdng todn di?n - khien cho nhu cau tham khao eiia qudc gia nay',
mgt cdeh nghiem tiic, chpn lpc kinh 2, Kinh nghifm ve vifc xay dymg
nghidm nude ngodi trd n6n cdp bdch, chudn dpc
thiet thyc han bao gid hSt Dung tren quan diim phat triln, khi
Kinh nghifm nude ngodi, dT nhien xdy dung-chudn cot loi (common core
' PGS TS, Tru-dng Dgi hpc Sir phgm TPHCM
Trang 2Y kien trao floi
standards), chuan mon hgc Ngii van
(standards of literature and language) noi
ehung, chudn doc (reading standards) noi
rieng, cau hoi can dugc neu ra va tra Iai
thoa dang truoe tien la cau hoi ve ca cau
cua he thong giao due pho thong (*), va
ke do la cau hoi ve do kh6 tuong thich
ma chudn can phai xae lap diing cho moi
bac hgc, lop, khoi ldp cu the (**) ttong
he thong giao due ay
2.1 Vdi cau hdi thie nhdi (*)
D6i voi cau hoi thii nhit - vl co
ciu ciia he thing giao due phi thong
-nguoi Han Quoc da co cau tta loi quylt
doan ciia hg: chuang trinh giao due phi
thong cr nuac nay duge thuc hien trong
12 nam, gom cac bac: tieu hgc, trung hgc
CO so (THCS), ttTing hoc phi thong
(THPT) Trong do, tilu hgc 6 nam (tir Icip
1 din lop 6), THCS 3 nam (tti lop 7 din
lop 9), THPT 3 nam (ttr Icjp 10 din liip
12) Nhu thi, truoe hit phai xac lap muc
tieu va chudn mon Ngir vdn (standards of
literahire and language) va chudn doc
(reading standards) cho ba bac: tilu hge,
THCS, THPT Tren eg sa do ma xac lap
chudn mon Ngir vdn va chudn dge thich
hgp cho mli ldp/ khoi Icjp Vin dl dat ra
tiep theo la lua chgn mgt phuang an phan
chia khoi Icjp sao cho cd can cii Ii luan,
thuc tiln va tien dung nhit dli vcji viec
xac dinh va thuc hien chudn Cac nha
giao due Han QuIc da chgn phuong an 3
bac hgc, 5 khli Icjp 5 khli Icjp iy la: khli
1-2; khli 3-4; khli 5-6; khli 7-9; khli
10-12 Dieu do eung co nghia la chuang
ttinh phai co 3 mirc chudn theo bac hge,
(CTNV Han Quoc), thay ro mgt su khac biet day ngMa Ii giira hai giai doan giao
due: giai doan thuc Men chudn phi thong
CO ban (tir Icjp 1 den het Icjp 9) va giai
doan thuc Men chudn pho thong nang cao
(tit Idp 10 din hit Icjp 12)
Ci giai doan "ca ban", ehuong truth
ngir van - voi ten ggi Ngir vdn - glm 5
hgp phan ngi dung, ciing ehinh la 5 phan
mon cu the: Nghe-noi (Hpi thogi); Dge; Viet; Ngir phdp; Vdn hgc 6 do Doc
dugc thuc Men nhu la mgt phan mon vita
CO tinh dge lap, vira co quan he tuong tac
da chieu vai eae phan m6n khae Sang giai doan "nang eao", chuang trinh bg mon Ngii van dugc thuc hien thong qua 6 ngi dung phat trien chuySn
sau, nhu la 6 mon hgc bg phan: Ngii van
1, Ngir vdn 11, Hpi thogi vd viit vdn, Bgc hieu vd ngii phdp, Vdn hgc, Truyen co Trong do, trir Hpi thogi vd viet vdn, cac
"mon hgc bg phan" khac diu cd phan
mon doc, va phan m6n nay dugc thuc
Men theo tinh than tieh hgp vdi nhilu dang thiic linh hoat, uyln chuyin
0 Viet Nam, sau nhilu cuge thao
luan va tham do y kien dl tra 161 cau hoi tren, gio day, cau tra lai da dugc dua ta
va phap Ii hoa tir phia ehi dao ciia Chinh phu Chuong trinh giao due phi thong se dugc thuc hien trong 12 nam, theo 3 bac: tilu hgc 5 nam (Idp 1 din Idp 5), THCS 4 nam (Idp 6 din lijp 9), THPT 3 nam (Icip
10 din Iiip 12) Nhu thi, theo chuong trinh kl hoach day hgc, chuang trinh Ngil van phi thong mai cua Viet Nam (CTNV
Trang 3Nguyin Thdnh Thi
dgy hgc 12 ndm theo co edu 5-4-3 ciia
Viet Nam ddi mpt Id trinh phdt tridn khae
vdi Ip trinh ciia Han Qude Cdu hdi phai
trd ldi thda ddng ddi vdi chuyen gia giao
due Viet Nam la: Bd mdn Ngic vdn trong
chuong trinh moi se ehi bao gdm edc
phan mdn Tiing Viet, Vdn hoc va Ldm
vdn nhu hien nay, hay phdi dugc td chijre
lai theo mdt cau triic phan tang da dang
hon? Nen chia 3 bae hgc (12 nam phd
thdng) ndi tren thdnh mdy khdi l&pl Mdn
hpc A(gi? vdn trong giai doan giao due
phd thdng ca ban se tam dimg d l&p, khdi
l&p ndo de chuyen sang giai dogn giao
due phd thdng nang cao?
Ve cau tnic cua mdn hpe Ngir vdn,
theo ehiing tdi, cd the ddi mdi theo nhieu
phuong an, nhung dii chpn phuang an
ndo thi dieu quan trpng van phdi xac lap
lgi cac hgp phan, tieu chi ndi dung nham
phdt trien ndng lye cda ngudi hpc mdt
each tdng hgp, hai hda vd that sy hieu
qud Mdt mdt can tang cudng tinh khdi
niem, mat khdc can dp sdt ddi sdng
duong dgi, phdn hda tdt theo muc tieu
hudng nghiep Viec lya ehpn, xdc lap tieu
chi, CO cdu lgi mdn hpc nhu the can dugc
thdo lugn can nhdc that kT ludng
Mdc chuyen giai dogn (tir giao due
phd thdng eo bdn sang giao due phd
thdng nang eao) d Viet Nam ciing da
dugc xdc dinh vd phdp li hda: ldp 10
(khong phdi ldp 9 nhu trudc day) Theo
dd, ldp 1, ldp 6 va ldp 10 se Id ba mdc
chuyin tiep quan trpng Ddc biet, ldp 1
(vj tri bdn le giiia giao due mam non vd
gido dye phd thdng) vd ldp 10 (vi tri bdn
le giira gido dye eo ban vd giao due nang
cao) Hai vj tri ndy rdt can duge danh
ddu, tdeh ra de xdc Igp muc chudn rieng
Nhu the, theo chiing tdi, phuang dn phdn dinh khdi ldp tdi uu ehi ed the Id ehia 12 nam 3 bde thdnh 7 quang, tuc 7 khdi ldp: khdi ldp 1, khdi ldp 2-3; khoi ldp 4-5 khdi ldp 6-7; khdi ldp 8-9; khdi ldp 10:
khdi ldp 11-12 Theo dd, chudn mdn hgc Ngir vdn vd chudn doc nen vd can dugc
xac lap theo 7 miic, tiic la 7 ndc thang
thyc hien chudn {III 2-3// 4-5; 6-7// 8-9;
10//11-12)
2.2 V&i cau hdi thu hai (**) Bang each ndo de xae dinh duge do kho tuong thieh vdi mdi bde hpc, ldp, khdi ldp vd the hien dp kho ay qua chudn mdn hoc Ngic vdn eiing nhu chudn doc,
sao cho khd thi? Day Id loai cdu hdi md
de trd ldi nd, phdi Id cdc nhd chuyen mdn hieu biet thau dao ca hai linh vyc ngO van hpc vd giao due hpc
Cdc chuyen gia gido due Han Qudc
da trd ldi eau hdi ehuyen sau ndy theo cdeh rieng cua hp Vd tir each trd ldi ay, ngudi ldm giao due Vi?t Nam cd the tham khdo dugc T±ieu dieu bd ich Duoi day, chiing tdi de cap mpt sd npi dung cu the dang tham khao
2.2.1 Xdy dung chudn theo dfnh hu&ng
"phdt trien nang luc", tdng hoa kien thuc Id ndng, thdi do
Chudn doc vd cae yeu td ciia ndng
lye trong chuan ehuong trinh Ngir van
phd thdng Hdn Qudc hien hdnh la chudn ndng luc doc, dupe xdy dyng theo hudng
tiep can nang lye Vdi CTNV Viet Nam
sau 2015, chudn doe cung can dugc xay
dung nhu the
Theo dd, eae chudn ndng luc, bao
gid cQng can phai dugc xac Igp hai hda
tren 3 tieu chi: kiin thuc, kindng, thdi dp
Trang 4Y kien trao doi
Vi du, Chudn doc bac tilu hgc (Han Quoc.) dugc xac djnh nhu sau:
• Kien thiic
• Dac dilm va ban
chit cua viee dge
• Cac loai Mnh bai
viet
• Boi canh ciia viee
dge
• Kinang
• Hilu dugc tir ngO vd cSu van
• Xac djnh n$i dung
• Suy luan
• Danh gia va cam thy
• Kilm tra va dilu chinh qua trinh dge
• Thai do
• Gia tri va tim quan trgng
• Dgng luc va s\f
hiing thu
• Thuc te hoa kl nSng dge trong doi sing
Chudn dge bac THCS (Han QuIc) dugc xac dinh nhu sau:
Kien thirc
• Dae diem va
ban chat cua viec
dpc
• Cde loai doan
vdn
• Dpc vd su
mgch lac
Kinang
• Hieu dugc tir ngii vd edu van
• Xdc dinh npi dung
• Suy luan
• Ddnh gia vd cdm thy
• Ki6m tra vd dieu chinh qud trinh dpc
Thai do
• Gia tri vd tdm quan trpng
• Ddng luc va sy hiing thii
• Dpc vd ung dyng trong eupe sdng
2.2.2 Xdc lap chudn theo cdu true da
tdng, tiep ndi, ndng cao
Cung nhu chudn ve cdc ndng lye
ngir van khdc, chudn doc trong CTNV
Hdn Qude dugc xay dyng vd thyc hien
tieh hgp trong hdu het cac phan mdn cua
bd mdn Ngii van trong sudt 12 nam hpc
Nd duge xdc lap tiiy theo vi the, tpa dp
eiia hoat ddng vd kl ndng dqc trong cdu
tnic da tang va tiep ndi, ndng cao ciia
chuong trinh mdn hgc Ngii van theo bgc
hpc, khdi ldp Tim hieu kT dae diSm, each ldm nay ciia giao due Han Qudc, sS rat hiiu ich ddi vdi viec ddi mdi gido due Viet Nam
Tinh chdt tiep ndi, nang cao cua ehuong trinh the hien ngay trong each gpi
ten mdn hpe {Ngir vdn, Ngir vdn I, Ngfi vdn 2) Tinh chdt nay cdng hoc Id ro han khi ta so sdnh chudn doc trong A'gi? vdn I
vd Ngir vdn H Xem bang ddi chi^u^ dudi
ddy:
Trang 5Nguyen Thdnh Thi
Chuan dge trong Ngu vdn I \si Ngu van H
(Trung hoc phd thdng Han Qudc)
Ngir van I
Ngit van U
Kien thirc
Hieu dac di8m ciia kT
nang dpc hieu
Hieu van hoa dpc
Klnang
Xir li tinh hudng doc va phuang phap dpc hieu Doc hieu va giai quyet cac van de
Thai d$
Dpc hieu mang tinh tu giac
Phan tich va phe binh
tu lieu truyen tai
Tinh chat da tdng ciia cau tnic
chuong trinh the hien d chd: Doc, cd liic
giG vi the doe lap tuong ddi nhu mdt
phan mdn chu chdt (cimg vdi Nghe-noi,
Viit, Nga phdp, Vdn hoc) eiia mdn Ngic
vdn (d bdc tieu hpc va THCS)
DQC, cd liic lai duge ghep vdi mpt
hgp phan ndi dung khac (nhu Ngit
phdp) de trd thanh mpt phan mdn
"ghep" (VD: Doc hiiu vd ngu phdp)
Trong trudng hpp ndy, chudn se Id mot
chudn "ghep", vi the dugc khuyen eao
rdng: khi thyc hien chudn dgng nay,
phdi ehii y deu ca ve phia doc hiiu ldn
phia ngic phdp
Chudn dpc trong sy doi sanh vdi cac
Boc, d THPT, eiing cd liic dugc
tich hgp vdo mpt phan mdn ndo dd (nhu
Vdn hgc, hay Truyen co), nd se khiem
nhuong dn minh dudi mdt cai ten chung, mac dil vdn vira la phuong tien, vira la
ndi dung quan trpng de thyc hien chudn Khi dge/ dge hieu dugc xem nhu mpt phdn mdn thupc bd mdn Ngic van, hay mdt hgp phan ciia Ngic vdn I, Ngic vdn 11, thi chudn doc dupe xac dinh trong
tu each ddc lap tuong ddi ben canh chudn viet (hay chudn Viet vdn), chudn nghe-noi (hay chudn Hgi thogi) Vi du chudn doc trong Ngic van I (Hdn Qudc) dugc
xac dinh nhu sau:
chudn khac {Ngit vdn I - Han Quoc)
Hpi thogi
Dpc hieu
Viet vdn
Ngir phdp
Vdn hpc
Kien thirc
Hieu nguyen tac hpi
thoai
Hieu dac diem ciia kT
nang dpc hieu
Hieu dac diem cCia kT
ndng viet
Hieu ngU am va tir
vung
Higu cac the loai
vdn hpc
KT nang
Lang nghe va giai quyet van
Tinh huong doc va phucmg phap dpc hieu
Chon Ipc thong tin va sap xep npi dung
Sir dung ngif am va kien thirc tu vung
Hieu phong each tac
gia-va cam thu tac pham
Thai d9
Van hoa giao tiep diing dan
Dpc hiSu mang tinh tir giac
Thdi quen viet van chuan muc
Sir dung ngdn tir dung ddn Van hpc va giao tiep xa hpi
Trang 6Y kien trao doi
Khi dgc/dge hiiu dugc kit hgp vcji
"ngii phap" (dl thanh phan mon ghep
Dge hieu vd nga phdp), chudn dge (cimg
vol chudn ngd phdp) duge xay dung theo
III kit hgp dl thanh mgt chudn "ghep":
chuin "dge Mlu - ngir phap"
Trong ttTTong hgp nay, chudn tuy
gin vol mgt muc tieu "ghep", nhung s6
dugc xii li theo hudng tieh hgp kha linh
hoat, va thuong duge tuang giai, thuyet
minh du rd"^
CTNV Han QuIc hhb vay, thoa
mSn kha tit yeu cau tich hgp, de vira thuc
Men muc tieu chung (Dge hieu vd ngii
phdp), viia, thuc hien mue tieu rieng cua
mli phan mon (Dge, Ngir phdp)
Muc tieu nay, mgt mat dugc tich
hgp vao mgt nhom tieu chi cot loi, chang
han:
(a) Nam duge ban chat eua ngon
ngii v^ viec dge hieu mgt each he thong
va chuyen sau tren phuong dien giao luu
van hoa, xa hgi
(b) Tun Mlu M?n tt?ng quoc ngO v4 phan tich cic tai Ii|u phong phii, ttr do boi duang nang luc giii quylt van de mgt each sang tao va eo tinh xay dvmg (c) Dge cae bai vilt vl nhilu quan diem khac nhau tten tinh thin xay dung roi xay dvmg Iai y ngMa mgt each logic
va tham gia tieh cue cae boat dSng doc ciia cgng ding ehung ttong xa hgi (d) Thong qua dge hilu va ngil phap, tu nhin nhan danh gia ve tinh hinh
xa hgi va cuge song cua ban than va boi duong thai do phat ttiln sang tao vSn hoa quoc ngii
Mat khac, muc tieu iy, qua cac hgp phin ngi dung cua "dge hieu" "ngft phap", eung thoa man yeu ciu phat trien, mang tinh chit nang cao ro ret so veil
"dge", "ngil phap" trong mon Ngir van
bac THCS
Theo do, cac hgp phin nOi dung
eua Dge hieu vd ngir phdp (bac THPT,
Han QuIc) dugc xac dinh nhu sau:
Ban chat ciia ngon ngir va dpc hieu
Sy hieu biet ve cau true ngon
ngii-Cau triic bai viet va phircrag phap dpc hieu
Thyc te doc hieu va nghien ciru tai lieu ngir van
• Ban chdt ciia dpc hieu
• Ban chat ciia ngdn ngii
• Am vi
• Tir
• Cau
• Hoi thoai
• Nguyen tac cau tnic bai viet
• Phuang phap dpc hieu
• Ddi song ngu van va dpc hieu
• Nghien cihi tai lieu ngu' van
• Nhan dinh va gia tri ciia dpc hieu
Trang 7Nguyin Thdnh Thi
Khi dge/ doc hieu vira id phuang
tien vira Id hgp phdn ndi dung cua mpt
phan mdn mang tinh chuyen sau vd nang
cao, chudn doc se dugc tich hgp vdo
chudn ciia phdn mdn nay Chdng han,
Vdn hgc va Tn^en co Id nhiing phdn mdn
chuyen tdi cac ndi dung ngir van nang
eao dd tich hgp doc, dge hiiu vao dd mpt
edch hgp li, khd thi
Trong cac phdn mdn thudc CTNV
Hdn Qudc, phan mdn Vdn hoc ludn cd
mdt vi thd riSng trong viec ndng cao nang
Iye dge eiia hpc sinh (HS) Chiing thudng
dugc xSp cudi/ gdn cudi trong day phan
mdn eiia mdn hge d tdt cd eac bgc
hpe/khdi lop Chdng hgn, d bdc THPT,
phdn mdn nay dugc trao cho chirc ndng
"ddo sdu, phat trien mgt cdeh ehuyen
mdn ITnh vyc van hpc" ciia "Ngii vdn I",
"Ngit vdn II" vd ITnh vyc van hpe trong
bp mdn NgiJ vdn, Vdn hgc la mdn hpc
nhdm nang cao nang lye sdng tdc vd tiep
nhan eae tde phdm van hgc da dgng"
Phan mdn Vdn hgc THPT ddi hdi
hpc sinh:
"a Hieu mdt each cd he thdng vh
vdn hpc tren nen tang kinh nghiem vd tri thiic ve vdn hpc, tir dd hogt ddng vdn hpc mpt edch ndng ddng
b Nudi dudtig vdn hieu biet ve ngdn ngir ciing nhu kT ndng giao tiep vd
tu duy sang tgo thdng qua boat dpng tiep nhdn va sang tae vdn hpc
c Thdng qua van hpe, hieu tdng the ve the gidi va con ngudi, thudng thiic
ve dep vd gia tri cua vdn hpc, ndng cao nhan lye thdm mT
d Hieu tinh chdt phd bien vd ed biet cua van hpe Han Qudc, tham gia mdt each tich cyc vdo sy phdt trien van hda van hpe ciia cpng ddng"
Theo dd, cdc hgp phdn ngi dung
cua Vdn hgc THPT Han Qude dugc thiet
ke nhu sau:
Sang tdc vd ti8p nhdn
vdn hpc
Ljch sii vd phgm vi cua
vdn hpc Hdn Qudc
Vdn hpe vd cupc sdng
• Nguyen li cdu thdnh eua tdc pham vdn hpc
• Van hpc vd Imh vuc lien quan
• Van hpc vd phuang tien tmyen dat
• Tiep nhan su phe phan ciia van hpc vd sang tdc mpt each sang tgo
• Dac tinh vd tinh truyen thdng cua van hpc Han Qudc
• Xa hdi vd vdn hpc Han Qudc
• Ddng ehdy va chieu hudng ciia van hpc Han Qudc
• Tinh phd bien vd cd biet cua vdn hpc Han Qudc
• Van hpc va ca nhan
• Vdn hpc va tu duy
• Vdn hpc vd tinh da dgng ciia cupc sdng
• Vdn hpc vd cpng ddng
Trang 8Y kiln trao doi
Cimg vai cac phan mon Hpi thogi
vd viit vdn, Dge hieu vd nga phdp, Vdn
hgc, Truyen ci la mon hgc vira chuyen
sau vita nang cao, nhim cung co, phat
triln kha nang ngu van theo ki vgng ve
hinh miu ngucri dge co van hoa Day la
mon hgc - nhu giai thich cua CTNV Han
QuIc - "mang tinh chit ting hgp cua
"Van hgc", "Dge hieu va ngii phap",
"Hgi thoai va vilt van", phat trien va
nang cao ttr mon hgc"Ngir van", "Ngu
van F', "NgO van II""; "Trong phan mon
nay, ngucri hge true tiep dge cac tac pham
truyen eo - tinh hoa cua nhan loai
thong qua hoat dgng dien thuyet, hgi y,
thao luan "; "Lay ngi dung truyen eo
lam nin tang, nguoi hgc xay dung cho
minh nang luc ngon ngu vdi tieu chuan
cao"; "nhan manh" viec hinh thanh a
HS "mong muln gop phan vao su phat triln eiia van hoa ngO van" No giiip HS:
- Nhan thirc dugc tim quan trgng cua viec nang eao nang lue ngon ngii thong qua truyen co va cac gia tri ciia truyen co
- Dinh huong van hoa va nang cao nang luc ngon ngii cua nguoi co van hoa thong qua hoat dgng quoc ngO xay dung cac tac pham truyen eo da dang thanh mgt he thong
Xa hgi hoa su truyin dat ciia Truyen cl, tich luy tri thiic va nuoi duong thai do hucjng tdi cuge song quoc ngii tieu ehuan cao
Theo dli, he thong ngi dung cua
phan mon Truyen ci (THPT Han QuIc)
gom cac hgp phan sau:
Gid tri cua Truyen co
Nghien cuu Truyen co
Truyen co vd hogt dpng
Quoc ngu
Thdi dp ve Truyin co
• Gid tri va ban chat cua Truyen cd
• Phat trien tri thiic thdng qua Truyen cd
• Hoat dpng qude ngir dya tren nen tang truyen cd
• Su danh gid vd tiep nhdn ve Truyen cd
• Tdi phdn tich Truyen cd
• Hieu the gidi thdng qua Truyen cd
• Truyen cd vd hoat dpng Qudc ngii mang tinh tdng hpp
• Md mang tam hieu biet va truyen dgt ve Truyen cd
• Truyen ed lien quan den qudc ngii va vdn hda qudc ngO
• Tri tue trong Truyen cd vd suy ngam ve cupc sdng
• Thai dp trong bai viet Truyen cd
Trang 9Nhiing trich din, mieu td tren ddy
cho thdy, viec dua vdo bgc THPT (CTNV
Han Qudc) mdt he th6ng phdn mdn ghep
ndi, ndng cao Id mdt phuang an cd nhidu
lgi thd trong vide xae lap ehuan eung nhu
dg khd tuang thich ddi vdi it nhdt Id hai
giai dogn gido due phd thdng co bdn (tieu
hpe, THCS) va gido due phd thdng nang
cao (THPT)
Vdy, ndn chdng, CTNV Viet Nam
sau 2015 can bd simg cac hgp phan ndi
dung "ghep" theo kieu Hgi thogi vd viet
vdn, Dge hieu vd ngir phdp, hoge cdc hgp
phdn cd ndi dung chuyen sdu kidu Truyen
co/ Truyen Ndm/ Tho vd truyen hien dgi
(nhu phdn mdn Truyen co cua Hdn
Qudc)?
3 Kinh nghidm vl vide xdy dung he
thong ngir lieu day dpc
3.1 Hiiu vd su dung cdc thugt ngir vi
chu^n.c/rif^fi xdc, nhdt qudn, hi thong
Chudn la khdi niem cd nhidu each
hieu, nhdt la khi nhin tir nhieu phuong
dipn khdc nhau
Chdng han: Xet vd eau tnic nghTa
ciia khdi niem, chudn trong gido due cd
thd dugc su dung vdi nhidu nghTa, cdp do
nghTa: chudn chuong trinh (Curriculum
standards), chudn ngi dung (Content
standards), chudn thuc hiin (Performance
standards) Xet vd cde hgp phdn kidn
thiic, kT ndng, chuan trong gido due cd thd bao gdm chudn chung vd chuan ciia
timg hgp phan {chudn dge, chudn viit, chudn noi, chudn nghe', chudn (ndng luc) giao tiep, chudn (ndng luc) cdm thu vdn hgc )
CTNV Viet Nam sau 2015 cdn xdc djnh cdeh hidu vd sii dung cdc thudt ngii
vd chudn mdt each ehuan xdc, nhat quan,
he thdng de tranh tinh trgng mo hd, ngd nhdn ve khai niem
3.2 Thda man yiu cdu tdng din dp khd vd muc dp phde tgp (tir ldp I den ldp 12) cua chuan
Do dae trung eiia mdn Ngir vdn, vide dap ling yeu cdu tdng dan dp khd vd miic dp phiic tap tir ldp 1 den ldp 12 ciia
chudn la khdng dd ddng, thdm ehi ed the
ndi Id ea mdt thaeh thiic
Viec thidt kd chudn theo bac hpc,
khdi ldp tao dugc sy ndi tidp ndng eao ddn trong CTNV Hdn Qudc nhu dd gidi thieu tren day la trudng hgp rdt dang tham khao Tuy nhien, yeu cdu ddi mdi can ban, toan didn, ddi hdi CTNV Viet Nam sau 2015 cd the phai di xa hon Khdc phuc nhirng chd ehua triet dd trong vide xac dinh dp khd tuang thich d edp
dp ldp hpc^ Tir gdc dp nay, nen tham khao each lam eiia cac chuydn gia gido due Hoa Ki Chang han:
Trang 10Y kien trao doi
.Ygu ciu dli vdi nang lire hieu cac Y tudng then chdt vd cdc chi tiet
tir Idrp 6 din lop 8 (Hoa Ki)
1 Trich din dugc cac din chimg tir van ban de minh chiing eho y nghia tuong minhijl
y nghla ham an nit ra tir tac pham
2.' Xac dinh tu tuong hoac y ttgng tam ciia tae pham, dong thai neu ra dugc each thiic tae gia su dung eae ehi tilt eu the de chuyen tai thong diep do; tom tat lai van ban viia dge mgt each khach quan (khong mang tinh chii quan hay nhan xet ca nhan)
3 Mieu ta lai each thiic tac gia sir dung de trien khai cot truyen cua mgt vd kich hoac mgt tac phiun truyen ttong timg chucmg/ phan; dong thcri mieu ta lai xem nh^ vai trong tac pham da thay doi ra sao theo chen bien cua cau ehuyen
1 Trich diin dugc cac dan chiing tir van ban de minh chirng eho y nghia tuong minh v
y nghTa ham an nit ra tir tac pham
2 Xac dinh tu tudng hoac y trgng tam cua tae pham, dong thai neu ra dugc each thirc tac gia su dung eac chi tiet cu the de chuyen tai th6ng diep do; tom tat Iai van ban vira dge mgt each khach quan
3 Phan tich each tuong tae qua Iai giira cae yeu to dae trung cua mgt tac pham hTiyen hoac mgt vo kich (vi du: dong gop cia bii canh dli vcJi viee mieu ta nhan vSt hoSc trign khai cot truyen )
1 Trich dan dugc cae din chiing tir van ban de minh chimg ro nhit eho y nghla tuong minh va y nghia.ham an rut ra tir tac phim
2 Xac dinh tu tudng hoac y trgng tam eua tac pham, dong thoi neu ra dugc each thiJC
tac gia mieu ta moi quan he giiia cac nhan vat, bii canh cau ehuyen va elt truyjn &
chuyen tai thong diep do; tdm tit lai van ban vira dpc mgt each khach quan
3 Phan tich de thay dugc doi thoai (dialogue) hoac cac bien co (incidents) trong tat pham truyen hoac kich da gop phin din tcJi hanh dgng, hay he lg mgt dilm nao dO| ttong tinh each ciia nhan vat, hoac dua nhan vat din mgt quylt djnh nao do |
Trong vi du tren day', yeu ciu 7.3
ro rang la kho han yeu ciu 6.3; cae yeu
ciu 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 kho va phire tap hon hin
eae yeu ciu 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 Nhu thi co thi
xem la da thoa man yeu ciu xac djnh do
khd hrang thieh cu thi din timg Icjp hgc
3.3 Thoa mdn yiu ciu tdng dan dp
khd, dp phire tap cda ngii lipu va viec
chuan hoa "tai lieu ngir vdn" Iheo
Dieu nay xuat phat tir yeu ciu tSng
dan do kho cua chudn
Theo kinh nghiem xay dung chuin chuong trinh Ngu van eua Hoa Ki thi viec xac dinh do phiic tap cua van ban, ngir lieu can dua vao "ba tieu chi (quan trgng nhu nhau):
1) Lugng (tin sl ttr, dg dai eau, i!>
dai ttt, do dai van ban, lien kit van ban);