•DW^mf^ so 6 2014 ^mSS^^ J Day hpc giai quyet van de mgt phirofng phap day hpc tfch circ mang lai hieu qua cao TRAN THI LAN Hl/ONG Khoa KT QTKD, TrUdng D^i hgc H6ng DUc Nhu chOng ta da biet, moi mot p[.]
Trang 1•DW^mf^ so 6-2014 ^mSS^^-J
Day hpc giai quyet van de - mgt phirofng phap day hpc tfch circ mang lai hieu qua cao
TRAN THI LAN Hl/ONG
Khoa KT - QTKD, TrUdng D^i hgc H6ng DUc
Nhu chOng ta da biet, moi mot phUdng phdp giang
d^y dCi cd dien hay hien d^i d$u nhan m^nh l€n
m$t khia c^nh nSo dd cCia cd c h ^ day-hgc holic
nhSfn manh ISn mat n i o do thu$c v l vai tro cOa ngudi
hi^n hieu quS nhu t h ^ nko thi n6 v i n tdn t^i m^t vki khfa
cgnh ma ngudi hpc vk ngudi dgy chUa khai thSc het
ndo dupe cho ia iy tUdng Mdi mpt phUdng phdp deu cd
Uu d i l m cua nd do vSy ngudi thay nen xay di/ng cho
mlnh mdt phUdng phdp rieng phCi hpp vdi muc tiSu, ban
chat cua van de can trao ddi, phu hpp vdi thanh phan
nhdm idp hpc, cac ngudn iuc, cdng CM dgy-hpc s i n cd va
cudi cCing ia phu hpp vdi sd thfch cCia mlnh
Phuong phdp giling dgy dupe gpi III tfch ci/c neu hpi
tg dupe cac ydu td sau:
Thd hien rd vai trd ciSa ngudn thong tin va cdc ngudn
li/c s i n CO
Thi hi$n ro dupe d^ng cd hpc tap cCia ngUdi hpc khi
bat dau mdn hpc
The hidn ro dUdc bin chat va mUc dd kien thUc can
huy d$ng
Thd hien ro dupe vai trd cda ngUdi hpc, ngudi dgy, vai
trd cOa cac mdi tUdng tdc trong qua trinh hpc
Thd hidn dupc kdt qua mong dpi cOa ngudi hpc
I PHl/dNG PHAP DiBiT HQC GIAI QUYET VAN DE
PhUdng phdp nay c6 the dUpe xem nhU mdt cdch xay
di^ng tdng the mpt dd eUPng giSng dgy hoae la mdt trong
nhUng cdch dUpc ngudi dgy dp dgng de xay dpng de
CUdng giang dgy cho mdt mdn hpc PhUdng phdp nay
xufi't hi#n vao ndm 1970 tai trudng Dgi hpc
Hamilton-Canada, sau do dupe phat trien nhanh chong tgi TrUdng
Dgi hpc Maastricht-Hd Lan PhUdng phdp ndy ra ddi va
dupe dp dpng rdng rai di;a trdn nhij'ng idp luan sau:
Sl/ phat tridn nhu vu bao eOa KHCN trong nhiing thap
nidn g i n dSy, trdi ngupc vdi nd la kha nang khdng the
dgy hdt cho ngUdi hpc mpi didu
Kien thUc ciDa ngUdi hpc th) ngay cdng hao mdn tU ndm ndy qua ndm khdc, edng them la sp eheeh lech glQa kidn thUc thye td va kien thUc thu dUpc tCf nhd trUdng Vi^c giang dgy cdn qud nang vd ly' thuydt, cdn qud coi trpng vai trd cOa ngUdi dgy, chUa sdt thyc vd chUa ddp Ung dupe yeu c£u cua thpc te
Tlnh chat thy ddng trong hpc tdp cOa ngUdi hpe so vdi
vai trd truyln tki cCia ngudi dgy cdn cao khi ma sd lupng
ngudi hpc trong mdt Idp ngay cdng tang
Hogt ddng nhan thUc cdn d mUc dp thSp so vdi yeu cau CLia thyc td (vl dg nhU kha nang dpc va khai thdc mpt cudn sdch hoac mdt cdng trinh nghien cUu)
Sy nghSo ndn vd phUdng thUc ddnh gid ngudi hpc viec ddnh gia cdn qud n^ng vd kiem tra kha ndng hpc thudc
Chinh vi nhQng Ij' do tren md phUdng phdp day hpc dya trSn viee gidi quyet vdn de xudt phdt tU tinh hudng dyng dya tren nhUng yeu cau sau:
Phai ed mpt tinh hudng eg the cho phep ta dat ra dupe mdt van dd
Cdc nguon lye (trp gidng, ngUdi hudng dan, tai lieu,
cd sd dii lieu ) deu dupe gidi thiSu tdi ngudi hpc va san sdng phyc vy ngudi hpc
Cdc hogt ddng phai dUpc ngudi hpc tridn khai nhU dat van dd, quan sat, phdn tich, nghidn eUu, ddnh gid, tu duy,,
Kidn thUc edn dupe ngudi hpc tdng hpp trong mdt thd thdng nhat (ehijl khdng mang tfnh lipt kd], d i l u dd eung
ed nghTa la vi^c giai quydt van dd dpa tren each nhin
nhan da dgng vd chiing to dupc mdi quan h§ giQa cdc
kidn thi3e can huy dpng
Phai cd khoang each thdi gian giQa giai doan lam viec trong nhdm va giai doan lam viec dpc lap mang tfnh ed nhan
Gac hinh thQc ddnh gia phai da dgng cho phep chung
ta cd the d i l u oh?nh va kiem tra qua trinh sao cho khdng Chech myc tieu da d l ra
Trang 242: •'•^W^M Sd6-2014 LkjOfvaHpC
Dd dam bdo mpi hogt ddng cd the bao phCi dUpe todn
bd cdc yeu cdu trSn, TrUdng Dai hpc Rijkuniversitelt
Limbourg tgi Maastricht da dd ra cdc budc tien hdnh nhu
sau:
Budc 1: Ldm ro cdc thuat ngii vd khdi nidm lidn quan
Budc 2: Xdc dinh rd van dd dat ra
BUde 3: Phdn tfeh vdn dd
Budc 4: L|ip ra danh myc cdc chu thfch cd thd
Budc 5: Dua ra mgc tieu nghien cQu va myc tieu hpe
tap
BUde 6: Thu thdp thdng tin
BUde 7: Ddnh gid thdng tm thu dUpc
Trong sd cdc budc trSn, ngudi hpc thUdng gap khd
khdn trong vide phdn tich vdn dd vd tdng hpp edc thdng
tin iign quan vdn de
II VAN DE VA CACH TIER CAN VAN Oi
Van dd ddt ra can phai cd tdc dyng kfch thlch edc
hogt dpng nhdn thUc cung nhu cdc hogt ddng xa hdi cOa
ngudi hpc Theo chdng tdi, edc hogt ddng ndy thudng
g i n k i t vdi mdt hogt ddng nghidn cQu thyc thg md d dd
ngudi hpc cdn phai:
e$t vdn dd (Vdn dd ddt ra Id gi?)
Hidu dupc vdn dd
DUa ra cdc gia thuydt (Cdc cdu trd Idi trUdc va ddi
chdng vdi edc eau hdi da dupe ddt ra trong tinh hudng)
Tidn hdnh ede hogt dpng thfch hpp nhim k i l m tra ede
gid thuydt ciia minh (nghien cQu phan tfeh, ddnh gid tdi
ddu lign quan, sau cQng la tdng hpp vi$c nghidn cQu)
Thdc lulin vd ddnh gid cdc giai phdp khac nhau dya
theo tQng t i i u chf md hodn cdnh dua ra
Thiet i^p mpt ban tdng quan va dUa ra ket ludn
Cdc bUdc d^t ra trdn day se giup cho ngUdi hpc nang
cao khd ndng tdng hpp kidn thQc Vf dg nhu mpt vdn dd
liSn quan ddn sinh thdi se cd nhidu khdi ni3m lidn quan:
sQc khod e^ng ddng, ehfnh sdch,
III CHU TRJNH VA CACH THIJC TO CHUfC DAY HQC
GIAI QUYET VAN DE
Trong chu trinh hpe tap theo phUdng phdp ndy, thdi
gian lam vi§c ddc ldp (ed nhdn) ludn ludn phign vdi thdi
trp giang, hoac ngudi hUdng d i n )
Theo chiing tdi, cdng vide can t h i o ludn theo nhdm
thUdng xuat hien vdo hai thdi diem dac biet dUpc midu t l
trong chu trinh dudi ddy:
^
(V
Lam vi^c
dOc ISp
U
Thio !u§n
trong nhdm
\i> Thao lu^n
trong nhdm
< ^ ^
Ldm vi^c dpc l^p
S)
^
Nhu vay chu trinh dgy hpe dya theo van de gom 4 giai dogn;
Sau khi ket thQc giai dogn 1 (Gidi thieu ehCi de, chuin bj cac hogt dpng va ngudn Ipc can thiet), hpc vien bit dau nhdm hpp theo cac nhdm nho - giai dogn 2 (cd hogc khdng cdu hdi va gia thidt ddu tiSn, phdn chia nhl$m vy cho cdc lap theo nhidm vy da dupe phan chia (giai dogn 3) Kdt thuc trong nhdm Cudi cCing mdi cd nhan ty viet mdt ban bdo cao (giai dogn 4) Kdm theo cdc giai dogn nay thudng c6 cdc budi h$i thio trong mdt nhdm Idn, hogc cac hogt ddng thuc
te hay tidn hdnh thI nghidm Cd thd ket thOe qud trinh tgi dupe neu ra
Vi$e thdo ludn trong nhdm la bat buoc ddi vdi tdt c l cdc
ca nhdn, nd khdng nhiing giup hpc vien phdt triln dUpc kfia nang giao tiep vd cac ky ndng xa hdi ma cdn phat tridn du^c qua trinh nhan thQc (dpc hieu, phdn tieh, ddnh gid,.,,)
IV TAC DONG TICH Cl/C CUA PHl/dNG PHAP DAY HQC GIAI QUYET VAN DE
Hpe vien cd the thu dUpc nhOng kien thUc tdt nhit, c$p nhat nhdt
Cd thd bao phCi dUpc trdn mdt dien rdng cdc trudng hpp
va cac bdi canh thudng gap Tfnh chQ ddng, tinh than tp gidc cQa ngudi hpc du^c nang cao
Dpng cd hpe t i p vd tinh than trdeh nhi#m cua hpc vien dupc nang cao
ViSc nghidn cQu va g i l i quydt van dd ngay cdng dUpc bao d i m
Tuy nhien, d l dp dyng phUdng phap nay vdi cd hpi thanh edng cao ddi hdi chQng ta p h l i tidn hanh mdt Iogt nhiing chuyin ddi sau:
Chuydn ddi cdc hogt ddng cQa ngUdi hpc tQ tlnh thy ddng sang tinh tfch cpe, ehQ dpng
Chuyin ddi edc hogt ddng cCia ngUdi dgy (ngudi dgyco vai trd klidi ddy cdc van d l vd hQdng dan ngUdi hpc)
Chuyen ddi mdi quan he giQa vai trd cQa ngUdi hgc vd
ngudi dgy Chuydn ddi he thdng ddnh gid ngudi hpc Coi trpng thdi gian ty hpc cCia ngudi hpe nhu thdi gian hpc tren Idp
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Ngd TQThdnh (2008) PhUdng phdp md phdng trong gi&ng djy cac chuygn nganh kytfiugLT^chiphat tridn KH&CN, 11 (10):114-125, 2.PhCjngThiiyPhuprig(2008),H9C%)phgcvgc?ngd6ng-phLHng phdp dgy va hpc edi tidn tgi tn/dng DH KHTN TP HCM Hgi thio khoa hpc'Tfnh chu ddng cCia tuduy, phuong phdp vd tinh thdn dgi h9C"-DH Hoa Sen TPHCM
3 Hmelo-SilverC, E (2004), Problem-based learning: What and how do students leam?
4 Educational Psydidogy Review, 16:235-266,
5 Jacoby B (1996), Sewice-Leamlng in Today's Higher Educa-tbn In: BarbaraJacobyand Associates (Eds.), Service-Learning in Higher Education: Concepts and Practices, San Francisco CA: