pIRO DUC DnO TfiO KHOfi HOC CONG NGH€ DOI MOI CAN BAN VA TOAN DIEN NEN GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO CUA NU''''dC NHA MOT DOI HOI BlfC XUC HIEN NAY (iS TSKEI NGNl) l,e Dii Phonj; Email lediipliong f^dii i ''''dlioo c[.]
Trang 1DOI MOI CAN BAN VA TOAN DIEN NEN GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO CUA NU'dC NHA- MOT DOI HOI BlfC XUC HIEN NAY
(iS.TSKEI.NGNl) l,e Dii Phonj;
Email: lediipliong-f^dii i 'dlioo cam vn
Trong him 25 th{tc hi('n dir&ng loi doi mi'n vita qua, nen Giao diic nirac ta da phat trien kha nlumh V(i da co nhung dong gop dong ki' cho vi('c nang cao dan tri cho ngicai dan, dao tqo nguon nhi'm l\rc va hot diiwig nhan tai cho dai nir&c Neu nine nam hQC 1987-1988 cd nirac co 439.700 giao vien pho thong ciic cap, v&i 12.623.000 hgc sinh, co 100 trm'rng dai hgc va cao dang, voi 19.800 giang vien va 116.700 sinh vien, ihi nam hgc 2010-20 U co 830.923 giao vien pho thong cac cap vai 14.792.830 hgc sinh va 414 Irm'mg dgi hgc vii cao clung, vai 74 600 giang vien va
2 162.100 sinh vicn Clio den nay, cd nuac da co tren 2 Iri^u iao dgng co trinh dg dgi hgc va sau dai hgc tra Icn
Tuy nhien so vai yeu cuu cua sir nghii-p phut trien dut nirac vu so vc'ri nen Gic'io due ciia nhieu nirac trong kliu vuc va the giai, nen giao due cua mr&c ta con co mgt khoang each khd xa: Ca
sa vat chut- ky thugf ciia giuo due Igc hgu trinh dg ciiu dot ngU giao vien cac cap khong dong deu, chinh such doi vai ngirai day va ngicai hgc deu con nhieu but cdp va hdti qua Id chat lirang giao duc-dao tao thdp, khong dap I'mg diig'c yeu cau Chinh v\ the vi^c doi mai cun ban vd toon dien nen giao due nirac nha dang la doi hoi het sire bi'rc xiic hi^n nay Bai viet nay tap trung ban
ve van de nong bong do
Tir khoa: Giao dye va dao tao, doi mdfi can ban va loan dipn
1 Thtrc trang nen giao due va dao tao ciia
nuo'c ta hien nay
Nen Giao dye each mang Vipt Nam ra doi n3m
1945, sau thang Igi cua cugc each mgng thang 8 vT
dai Luc ban dau, nen giao dye each m^ng chii yeu
tap trung vao vice xoa nan mil chQ cho nguoi dan,
phat trien giao dye pho thong va dao tgo mgt so logi
can bg a trinh dg sa cap va trung cap Sau ngay Mien
Bac dugc hoan toan giai phong, de co dgi ngii can bg
eac nganh, cac cap co dii trinh dg phye vy cho sy
nghiep xay dung chu nghTa xa hgi va dau tranh thong
nhat nuoe nha, nen giao dye each mang vuan len dao
tao ca trinh dp Dai hgc Cho den nay, sau 67 nam xay
dyng va phat trien, nen giao dye each mang Vi?t
Nam da het sue Ian manh: Chiing ta da co mgt nen
Giao dye va dao t^o vdi day dii cac loai hinh dao tgo
eac cap dao t^o va cac trinh dg dao tgo voi 830.923 giao vicn va 14.792.800 hgc sinh Pho thong cac cap; 18.100 giao vicn va 686.200 hgc sinh Trung cAp; 74.600 giang vien (trong do eo 38.298 nguoi c6 trinh
dg tren dgi hgc) va 2.162.100 sinh vien Dai hpc va cao dang (Nam hgc 2010-2011-Nien giam Thong ke nam 2010) Hi?n tpi, Giao dye va Dao tao nuac ta dang tich eye hgi nhap va phan dau de sdm dat trinh
dg chung ciia khu vyc va the giai Theo quy djnh eiia Luat Giao dye Viet Nam nam 2005, he thong giao dye qu6c dan cua nuac ta g6m co: Giao dye chinh quy va giao dye thuang xuyen Cae c4p hgc va trinh
dg dao t^o cua hp thong giao due quoc dan theo quy djnh ciia Luat gom:
Thtr nhat, giao due Mam tion
Bg phan nay gom co hp thong nha tre va truong
Trang 2GIflO DUC BflO TfiO - KHOfi HOC CONG NGI W
mau giao Giao due mam non chiu trach nhipm niioi
dudng, cham s6c va giao dye tre tir 3 thang tu6i den
6 tuoi
Thii-hai, giao due pho thong, hgphfin nay gom:
+ Giao dye Tieu hgc Bac hgc nay dugc thyc hipn
trong 5 nam, tir lap 1 den lop 5 Tuoi ciia hpc sinh
lap 1 dirge quy dinh la 6 tuoi
+ Giao due Trung hgc ca sa B^ic hgc nay dugc
thyc hien trong 4 nam, tir lap 6 den lap 9 Hgc sinh
dugc tuyen vao Trung hpc eo so phai tot nghipp
Tieu hoc va co do tuoi la 11 luoi
+ Giao due Trung hgc pho thong Bgc hgc nay
duge thyc hien trong 3 nam, tir lap 10 den lop 12
Hgc sinh dugc tuyen vao hgc lap 10 phai c6 bang
tot nghiep Trung hge co so va co tuoi la 15 tuoi
Thi'rba, giao due nghe nghiep Bg phan nay bao
gom:
+ Trung cap chuyen nghipp Bac hgc nay dugc
thyc hien tir 3 den 4 nam doi vai nguofi co bang tot
nghiep Trung hge co so, va tir 1 den 2 nam doi vai
nhirng nguoi co bang tot nghiep Trung hge pho
thong
+ Day nghe Bac hoc nay duge thuc hien dudi 1
nam doi voi viec dao tao trinh do so cap, tir 1 den 3
nam doi voi dao tao nghe trinh dp Trung cap, trinh
do Cao dang
Thi'r tir, giiio due Dai hgc Bac hoc nay gom:
+ Dao tao trinh do Cao dang Trinh dg nay dugc
thuc hien tir 2 din 3 nam tuy theo nganh nghe dao
tao doi vai ngudi co bang tot nghiep Trung hgc pho
thong, hoae bang tot nghiep Trung cip; tir 1,5 nam
den 2 nam d6i vai ngudi eo bang tdt nghiep Trung
cap ciing nganh
+ Dao tao trinh do Dai hpc Trinh dg nay dugc
thyc hien tir 4 din 6 nam tuy theo nganh nghl dao
tao ddi vdi ngudi eo bang tdt nghipp Trung hgc pho
thong, hoae bang tot nghiep Trung cap; tir 2,5 nam
din 4 nam doi vdi ngudi cd bang tot nghipp Trung
cap ciing chuyen nganh; tir 1,5 nam den 2 nam doi
vdi ngudi eo b§ng tdt nghiep Cao dang cung chuyen
nganh
+ Dao tao trinh do Thac sT Trinh do nay dugc
thuc hien tir 1 den 2 nam doi vdi ngudi cd bang tot
nghiep Dai hgc
+ Dao tao trinh do Tien sT Trinh do nay dugc
thyc hien 4 nam doi vdi ngudi cd bang tdl nghiep Dai hgc; tir 2 nam den 3 nam doi vdi ngudi cd bang Thac sT Trong trudng hgp d$c bipt, thdi gian dao tao Ticn sT cd the dugc keo dai theo qui djnh ciia Bg Trudng Bg Giao dye va Dao tao
Thi'v nam, giao due thitvng xuyen:
Giao dye thu'dng xuyen giiip mgl ngudi vira lam vira hpc lien tyc, hgc sudt ddi nham hoan Ihicn nhan each, md rpng hieu bict, nang cao trinh dg hgc van, chuyen mon, nghi?p vy de lam vice, tylao vice lam
va Ihieh nghi ngay cang tot han vdi ddi sdng xa hoi Giao dye thudng xuyen dugc tien hanh theo eac chuang trinh, cy the:
+ Chuong trinh xoa mil chiJ va giao dye tiep lye sau khi bict chir
+ Chuang trinh giao dye dap irng yeu cau ciia ngudi hgc, cap nhat kien thirc, ky nang, chuyen giao cong nghe
+ Chuang trinh dao tao, bdi dudng va nang cao trinh dp ve chuyen mon, nghiep vu
+ Chuang trinh giao due de lay cac van bang ciia
he thong giao due quoc dan bao gom cae hinh thuc: Vira hgc vira lam; Hpc tir xa; Ty hgc co hudng dan Nen giao due each mang Viet Nam tuy con kha non tre, song da cd nhirng dong gop v6 ciing to Idn cho sy nghiep xay dung va bao ve to quoc;
- Trong 9 nam khang chien ehdng thyc dan Phap xam luoc, mac dii chien tranh dien ra het sue ac liet trong pham vi ca nude va nen tai chinh ciia Nha nude Viet Nam Dan ehu Cgng hoa dudng nhu khong cd gi, song Giao due Viet Nam da dat duge mpt thanh tuu chua tirng cd trong lich sir nude nha
la lam cho loan dan thoat khdi nan mil chu, dong thdi cung trang bi cho mpt bp phan dang ke lire lugng thanh nien cd nhung kien thirc eo ban can thilt de phyc vu su nghiep khang chien va xay dyng dSt nude khi chien tranh ket thiie
- Sau hiep djnh Gionevo nam 1954, dat nude bj tam thdi chia cat lam hai mien: Mien Nam tam thdi nam dudi ach thong tri eiia be lu My-Nguy; Mien Bac duge hoan toan giai phong va ticn len theo con dudng Xa hgi chu nghTa Giai dogn tir nam 1954 den nam 1975, tuy ciing mgt luc phai thuc hien hai nhiem vu chinh tri chien luge la: Xay dyng Chu nghTa xa hgi d Mien Bae va dau tranh giai phdng Mien Nam, thong nhat dat nude, trong do cd 9 nam,
Trang 3tir ili.ing 8 nrini I')61 den cuoi thang 12 n5m 1972
Mifin Bac cdn tryc tiep duang dau vdi cuge chien
tranh pha ho^ii v6 cimg lAn khoc do de quoc My gay
ra bdi quyet lam ciia My liic do \h: "Dua Mien Bac
trd ve thdi ky do da", song day cung \k giai do^in nin
giao dye ciich ni^iig Vipl Nam di,it dugc nhOng llu^nh
lyu rye rd nluii
Nen gido dye cich nmng Vivi Nam ilidi ky dd vdi
phuang cham gido d\ic: Toiin dipn (ca due- ii i-
ihe-my) hgc di ddi vdi hAnh, nha Irudng gan lien vdi xS
ligi dii d.io Uio ra cho dat nude mgt Idp thanh nicn
cd the lye eudng irang, cd kien ihuc chuyen
mon-ky thuol \uiig vang, dgc bipl 1:1 cd ly tudng cugc
song hei sue trong sang The hp thanh nien n^y da
xe dgc Trudng San di cuu nude, gianh l^i dgc l^p
cho dat nude, thong nhat cho non song Khi hoa
binh l^p l^i hg la nhCrng ngudi linh ticn phong trong
m$t tr^n kinh le- vSn hoi-giio dye- khoa hgc cong
nghp de lam cho dat nude phat inen nhanh ehdng,
sdm theo kjp cac nude tien tien trong khu vyc va Ihe
giai
- Tir sau ngay dat nude hoa binh , thong nhat, dac
biet la tir sau khi thyc hien dudng Idi doi mdi
(12/1986) den nay, nen giao dye Vipt Nam da cd
bude phat trien mgnh mS han, loan dipn hon, hipn
dai hem va hgi nhap hon Dieu nay the hipn rd d cho:
Cac loai hinh dao tao da dang (Chinh quy, tai ehire,
tir xa, bdi dudng ); cac cap dao tao day du (Mam
non, Pho thong, Dgi hge, Sau dai hgc); Trinh dg dao
tao ngay cang cao (Pho thong, Trung cap, Cao dang,
Dai hgc, Thac sT, Tien sT); chuong trinh, ngi dung,
nude vao md irudng tgi Vi?t Nam, ho0e cac trudng ciia Vipt Nam lien ket vdi cic trudng eua nude ngoili de ciing dio I90, hay sii dyng eac giao trinh ciia Ciic nude liiin lien cd bo sung, sua doi cho phu hgp vdi dieu kipn eua Vipt Nam de giang dgy ) MOc khic Nhii nude cung mgnh d^in thyc hipn vipc
xa hOi boi d6i vdi ITnh vyc gido dye vk dao tao Chfnh vl thi, Gidodyc vk Dao tgo ciia Vipt Nam
trong giai dojm niy da c6 sy phit trien rat nhanh Bdng I cho thay, trong 25 nam qua nen Giao dye
vA Dko I90 ciia nude ta dS cd sy biln doi rat Idn
Ncu lay nam hgc 2010 so vdi nam hgc 1986-1987 ehiing la thay nhu sau:
+ So hgc sinh Pho thong cdc cap chi tang 21,42%, rifing giai do?n tir nam hgc 2000-2001 Ird di bat dau giim dan (dieu n^y the hipn dan so nude ta da bat dau chuyen sang giai do^n gia hoa)
+ So lugng hgc sinh Trung cap t3ng han 530.200
em, tang 339,87%
+ So sinh vii-n Cao dang va Dai hgc tang them 2.035.300 em tang 1.605,12%
+ So giao vien Pho thong lang them 404.700 ngudi, t3ng 94,95%
+ So giao vien Trung cap tang them 6.800 ngudi, tang 69,17%
+ So giao vien Cao dang va Dai hge lang them 55.400 ngudi, tSng 288,54%
Nhd dd, ty Ip lao dgng d3 qua dao tao chuyen mon, nghipp vy cua nude ta da tang len tuong doi nhanh, n3m 2000 la 10,3% long so lao dgng trong phuang phap dao tao ngay cang ddi mdi (eac kiln dg tuoi, n3m 2005 la 12,5% va nam 2010 tang len thiie mdi, hien dgi dugc cgp nhgt ngay cang nhieu;
eac cong cy, phuong tipn, may mde thiet bj hipn dgi
duge dua vao phyc vy giang day, hge tap d cac
trudng ngay cang tang); hgp tac quoc te trong giao
dye dao tao ngay cang dugc md rgng (cho phep cac
14,6% D(ic bipt, so sinh vien Cao dSng va Dai hgc tinh tren 1 vgn dan tang rat nhanh, nam 1987 mdi dgt 20 ngudi, nSm 1995 dgi 40 ngudi, nam 2000 dgt
90 ngudi, thi den nSin 2005 da t3ng len 160 ngudi
va nam 2010 len tdi 250 ngudi
B^ng 1: Thv'c trgng Ciio d\ic diio Igo Vi^t Nam giai dogn 1986-2011
i)an vj tinh: Hgc sinh, Giao vien
CJli tieu
HS Pho Ihonu
HS Truni; cap
SV CD va Bai hi)C
Giao vicn Pho thong
Giao vicn TrunR cap
GV Cao dang-Dai hoc
198(1-1987 12.182.900 156.000 126.800 426.200 11.300 19.200
1995-1996 15.561.000 165.600 297.900 492.700 9.400 22.800
2000-2001 17.866.600 195.900 734.900 646.700 9.600 27.100
200S-2006 16.650.600 500.300 1.387.100 780.500 14.200 48.600
2010-2011 14.792.800 686.200 2.162.100 830.900 18.100 74.600
Nguon: Nien giam Thong ke nam 1987, 2000 va 2010
KinlitU>liattrieD
Trang 4Cd the noi, Giao due va Dao tao da tao ra cho dai
nude mgt nguon nhan lye cd ehdt lugng ngay cang
cao, Dieu nay da gdp phSii v6 cimg quan trgng lam
eho kinh le -xa hgi eiia nude la phat triln nhanh va
dat dugc nhirng thanh tyu hel sire an lirgng trong
hon 25 nam thuc hipn duivng loi ddi mdi vira qua
(trong Ihdi dai iig.iy nay, nguon nhan lye chal lugng
cao la yeu to hang ddu quycl djnh sy phat trien ciia
kinh te- xa hgi cua tirng quoc gia) Bang 2 cho
chiing ta thay ro phan nao kei luan dd
Bang 2 eho thay, sau 23 nam gia trj long san
pham eiia ca nirdc lang 4.87 Ian Trong dd, khu vuc
san xuat ndng-lam-thuy sail tang 2,42 Ian; khu vyc
san xuat cong nghiC-p va xay dyng lang 7,28 Ian va
khu vuc djch vy tang 5,23 Ian Nhd dd, liOni lye
kinh tc ciia Vipt Nam da cd sy ihay ddi hit sire can
ban GDP ciia ca nude tir did chi khoang 14 ty USD
vao nam 1990 da tang len 106 ty USD vao nam
2010.; GDP binh quan dau ngudi lir 200 USD vao
nam 1991 da tang len 1200 USD vao nam 2010
Viet Nam tir ehd la mgt nude thicu luaiig thuc, thuc
pham, thieu cae logi hang hoa Ihiot ylu phyc vy ddi
song eua ngudi dan, da trd thanh nude xuat khau
gao Idn thij hai tren the gidi lien tyc trong nhieu
nam va cung la nude xuat khau nhieu logi hang hoa
vao logi Idn eiia the gidi nhu hat tieu, hat dieu, cao
su, ca phe, cae san pham Ihuy-hai san, hang may
mac, dd da, dd gd, dSu thd NIU nam 1990 gia tri
kini ngach xuat khau cua ea nude la mdi dat 2,4 ty
USD, thi den nam 2010 con so dd d3 la 72,2 ty
USD
Nganh Giao due va Dao tao hoan toan cd quyen
ty hao ve nhirng ddng gdp cua minh ddi vdi sy phat
triln nay ciia dat nude
Tuy nhien, ben eanh nhirng thanh tyu dang ty hao
dd, trong nhifng nam gin day nen Giao dye va Dao
tao ciia nude ta cung da bge Id nhieu han che va ylu
kem, trong dd ed nhung han che, yeu kem kha
nghiem trgng, gay birc xuc trong du luan xa hgi
Dang chii y la nhirng van de sau day:
Thir nhat, he thong giao due quoc dan van chira
ditffc xac dinh va xay divng mgt each co can cir
khoa hoc 6ng eha ta lir xua da ed cau; "day eon tir
thira cdn tha'\ Bac Hd cung da tirng day: "tre em la
tuong lai cua ddt nude" Song trong he thong giao
dye qudc dan ciia chiing ta, giao dye mSm non lai
chua dugc quan tam thoa dang Hp thong cac trudng
Bang 2: Tong san pham Iruiig iiuo'c [;i:i
1987-2010
(G
Nam
1987
1990
Wt\
IW2 l>)i)3
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
3002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
a so sdnh nam 1994 don vi linlf
Tonij so 113.154 131.968
139 63 J l.il 782
164 043
178 534 195.567 213.833 231.264
244 596
256 272
273 666
292 535
313 247 336.242
362 435 393.031 425.373
461344
490458
516 566
551609
Nong nuhicp
37499
42 003
42 917 4.^ ,S69
47 373
48 96S
51319
53 577 55,895 57.866
60 895
63717
65618 68.352 70.827 73.917
76 888
79 723 82.717 86.587 88.166 90.613
Cong nghiep 31.762
33221
35 783
40 359
45 454 SI 5-l(
58 550 67.016
75 474 81,761 88,047 96.913 106.986
117 125 129,399
142 621
157 867 174.259 192.065
203 554
214 799 231.336
V ildng)
Dich vu 43.893 56.744 60.934
65 554
71216
78 026 85,698
93 240 99,895 104,966
107 330
113 036
119931 127,770 136.016
145 897 158.276
171391
186 562 200,317
213 601
229 660
Nguon: Nien gidm Thong ke nam 2000, 2010
mam non cong lap rat thieu, tre em da phiin phai giri vao cac co sd dan lap Ma cac ca sd dan lap thi ca
sd vat chat- ky thuat han che, trinh dp ciia dpi ngu nudi day thap, viec nudi day cac chau vi the chat lugng rat ban che Nhirng hanh dgng bao hanh doi vdi tre d eac ca sd nuoi day ngoai cong lap ma cac
ca quan thong tin dai chung phan anh trong thdi gian qua da cho chung ta thay ro phan nao dieu dd Dgy nghe cho thanh nien la mpt mang rat quan trpng ciia he thong giao due quoc dan, nhung lai khong thugc sy quan ly va chi dao ciia Bg Giao due
va Dao tao, ma thugc Bg Lao dgng- Thuoiig binh va
Xa hgi, song Bg Lao dgng-Thuang binh va Xa hgi tren thyc tien cung chi quan mgt bg pban nhd ma thdi Tinh den thang 8/2008 ea nude ta ed 284 trudng Trung cap nghe va Cao dang nghe (80 Cao dang va 204 Trung cap) Cac Eg, doanh nghiep Nha nude cd 178 trudng Cao dang va Trung cap nghe cong lap, chiem 62,7% Cac tinh, thanh phd cd 53 trudng Cao dang va Trung cap nghe cong lap, chiem 18,6%; cd 53 trucmg tu thuc, chiem 18,6% Rieng Tong eye Day nghe thugc Bg Lao dgng- Thuoiig
Trang 5binh va Xa hgi chi quan ly tryc tiep cd 3 Irudng Cao
dang vii 1 trudng trung cap,
Giao dye Dai hgc v i trdn Dgi hge d i m nh^ii vipe
dao tgo nguon nhan lye cd trinh dg cao, phyc vy sy
nghipp cong nghipp ho5, hipn dgi hoa dat nude vk
hgi nhap quoc Ic, song hipn tgi van cdn qua nhieu
bat egp Trir he Ihong trudng Cao d.uig ra, hipn Igi,
chiing ta cd 6 mo hinh to chirc dao tgo Dgi hgc v;i
sau Dai hgc la: Dai hgc Quoc gia ( I h i N g i , TP Ho
Chi Minh); Dgi hgc vimg (Thai Nguyen, Hue I);i
Nang, Can 'I ho) Dgi hgc (Dgi hge Vinh Quy N h o n
•l;i> Bac, 1ii\' Nguyen ,); Trudng Dgi hgc (Bach
khoa Ha N g i , Nong nghipp Ha N d i Kinh le quoc
dan Kinh t l TP l l o Chi Minh ); Hgc vipn ( I i n
ehlnh, Ngan hang Chinh iri-lhinh chinh Quoc gia
Ho Chi Minh ) Vipn Dgi hgc (Vipn Dgi hgc md I hi
Ngi Vien Dgi hgc M a him cong TP Ho Chi Minh.,.)
Ciic md hinh lo chirc nay ral khong rd rang Dgi hgc
ma Igi ed dau qudc buy nhu mgt co quan hanh chinh
Nha nude, hay hgc vipn nhung cai thi nhu mgt
trudng Dai hgc thong ihudiig, cai thi tuang duang
vdi mgt bg, tham chi cdn to hon ca mgt bg
Vien quan ly cac ca sd giao dye Dai hge cdn qua
n h i l u dieu lam cho ngudi dan phai ban khoan
Chiing ta b i l l , lir nam 1954 d i n nam 1975, ca mien
Bae chi cd khoang tren 20 trudng Dai hgc Tir nam
1976 den nam 1995 khi dat nude hoa binh, thong
nhit, ehiing ta cd them khoang 30 trudng Dai hgc
nii'a, tong cgng ea nude cd khoang 50 trucmg Dgi
hge cac loai So lugng cac trudng Cao dang ciing rat
hgn che, chu y l u thugc nganh su phgm
The nhung, tir nam 1998, dac bipt la tir nam 2000
d i n nay, viec thanh lap eac trudng Dai hgc va Cao
dSng d nude ta dien ra het sue o at O gt den mire cd
nhirng thdi d i l m cac ca quan ihdng tin dgi chiing da
ndi: "mgt tuan ra ddi mgt Irudng Dai hge" Cd the
ndi viec thanh lap eae trudng Dgi hgc va Cao dang
thdi gian nay thieu ban sy tinh toan, sy quy hogch
mgt each nghiem tuc va cd ca sd khoa hgc Do dd,
giao due Dai hge cua nude la da cd sy dien bien
khong binh thudng trong phat trien
- Nam 2000 ea nude ta ed 178 trudng Dai hgc va
Cao ding, vdi sd giao vien la 32.357 ngudi, binh quan
moi trudng ed 182 giao vien, Trong dd giao vien cd
trinh do tren Dai hgc la 12.656 ngudi, binh quan mdi
trudng cd 71 ngudi; so lugng sinh vien la 899.500
ngudi, binh quan mgt trudng cd 5.053 sinh vien
Tai thdi diem nay ck nude c6 30 trudng ngoai
eong Igp, vdi so lugng giao vien la 4.500 ngudi,
binh qiiiin in§l trudng cd 150 g'lko vicn, trong dd s6 g\ko vicn cd trinh dO tr6n Dgi hgc \k 1816 ngudi,
binh quan mgt trudng cd 60 ngudi So sinh vien la 103.900 ngudi, binh quan mgt irudng cd 3.463 sinh vien,
- Den nam 2005 ea nude ta da cd 277 Irudng Dgi hgc v;i Cao dang, nhieu han nam 2000 13 99 trudng, binh qu3n moi nam cd xap x i 20 irudng m d i dugc Ihiliih Igp So giao vicn cua eac trudng vao thdi diem
n i y la 48.600 ngudi binh quan mgt Irudng cd 175
giiio vien (giam han nSm 2000 \k 7 giao vieii/lrudng) Trong dd so giko vien ed trinh dg tren
dgi hge 13 23.861 ngudi, binh quan mgt trudng cd
86 ngudi (lang 15 ngudi/trudng so vdi nam 2000) Tong so sinh vien la 1.387.100 ngudi binh quan mgt irudng cd 5.007 sinh vien
Tgi thdi diem nay cd 34 trudng ngoai cong Igp, tang han nam 2000 la 4 trudng So giao vien ciia eac trudng ngoai cong lap la 6 600 ngudi, binh quan mgt trudng cd 194 giao vien, trong dd so giao vien
ed trinh dp tren Dai hgc la 3.903 ngudi, binh quan mgt trudng cd tdi 141 ngudi (rat cao) So sinh vien ngoai cdng lap la 160,400 n g u d i , binh quan mpt trudng ed 4,717 sinh vien
- Den nam 2010, ca nude cd 414 irudng Dgi hgc
va Cao d i n g , tang 137 trudng so vdi nam 2005, va binh quan mgt nam cd 27 trudng m d i duge thanh Igp So giao vien cua cac truong vao thdi diem nay
la 74.600 ngudi, binh quan mgt trudng ed 180 giao vien Trong dd sd giSo \ ien ed trinh dg tren Dgi hgc
la 38.298 ngudi, binh quan mgt trudng cd 92 ngudi Tong so sinh vien la 2 152.100 ngudi binh quan mgt irudng ed 5.198 sinh vien
Tgi thdi diem nay ed 80 Irudng ngoai cong lap, ISng 46 trudng so v d i nam 2005 Sd giao vien eiia cac trudng ngoai cdng lap 13 11.300 ngudi, binh quan mgt Irudng cd 141 giao vien, trong dd sd giao vien ed Irinh dg tren dai hgc la 5.342 ngudi, binh quan mgt trudng cd 66 ngudi (giam 26 ngudi so vdi nam 2005) Sd sinh vien ngoai cdng Igp la 333.900 ngudi, binh quan mgt trudng cd 4.173 sinh vien
N h u vgy 13 sau 10 nam, so trudng Dgi hgc va Cao d3ng ciia nude ta tang 2,3 Ian; trong dd cae trudng ngoai cong Igp tang 2,6 Ian; so giao vien tang 2,3 Ian, trong dd cac frudng ngoai cdng Igp tang 2,5 Ian;
Trang 6GIflO DUC DflO TflO - KHOfl HOC CONG NGI ' ^
so sinh vien t3ng 2,4 Ian, trong dd cac trudng ngoai
eong lap tang 3,2 13n Cd thi ndi mgt tde dp tang
trudng rat cao, hiem thay tren thi gidi Tuy nhien,
cung can phai thay rang dgi ngii giang vien cua eae
trudng ngoai cdng lap ehii yeu la nhirng ngudi da ve
huu va giao vien ciia cae trudng cong lap kiem
giang
Dieu dang quan nggi la hipn nay hp thong giao
due ciia Viet Nam ed qu3 nhieu dau moi quan ly
Hau hit cac ca sd giao dye mam non va pho thong,
ciing nhu dai bg phan eac trudng Cao dfmg Su pham
do cac dja phuang quan ly Trong so 414 trudng Dgi
hgc va Cao dang thi cd 198 trudng cdng Igp do cac
Bg, Nganh dTrung uong quan ly, chiem 48%, 137
trudng cdng Igp do cac Tinh, Thanh pho tryc tiep
quan ly ehilm 33,3% Bg Giao dye va Dao lao chi
tryc tiep quan ly kho3ng 80 trudng, chiem khoang
xap \i 19% Phan dao tgo nghe do Bg Lao
dpng-Thucmg binh va Xa hgi dam nhan, song trong thyc
te Tdng eye Dgy nghe ciia Bg nay ciing chi tryc tiep
quan ly cd 3 trudng Cao dang nghe va 1 trudng
Trung c5p nghe trong so gan 200 Irudng eiia he
thong nay Vdi co che quan ly nhu vgy, ehiing ta
khong cd gi ngac nhien khi ed qua nhieu dieu bat
cap xay ra trong giao due da dugc ndi nhieu song
khong sao ed the khac phuc dugc
Thii hai, chirong trinh, noi dung dao tao con
qua nang ne, chua g3n nhieu vdi thyc tien cugc
song, chua that hgi nhap vdi qudc te, phucnig phap
dao tgo cdn lac hau
Day la dieu dugc du luan xa hgi de cap den tir
nhieu nam nay, song dudng nhu xa hgi cang quan
tam thi van de lai cang trd nen tram trgng hon, bat
cap hem, cy the:
- CJ bae hge phd thong, ehuang trinh, ngi dung
giao dye qua 6m ddm, cai gi ciing muon nhoi nhef
eho eon tre: N3o khoa hgc ty nhien, khoa hgc xa
hgi; nao tin hgc va ngoai ngif; nao giao dye cdng
dan, giao dye the chat, giao dye quoc phdng va bao
ve mdi trudng, rdi thi hgc tap va 13m theo tam
guang dgo dire Chu tjeh Ho Chi Minh cd thi ndi
la khong thilu mgt thur gi Chinh vi thi tre em gan
nhu sudt ngay phai hgc, khong cdn thdi gian de vui
choi, giai tri nUa Ai ciing phai lac dau khi nhin thay
nhti-ng hgc sinh Idp mgt cdng tren vai ehiec cap to,
nang gSn bSng trgng lugng ciia minh moi khi di hgc
- CJ bac Dgi hgc, chuang trinh giang dgy cung
khong khac gi, ngudi ta trang bj cho sinh vien
nbu'ng kiln thuc Nha trudng c6, nhu'ng vin de Nha
nude quy djnh, chir khong phai nhung kiln thirc xa hgi dang can Chinh vi thi, phan Idn sinh vien sau khi ra trudng, di lam vice, cae ca sd tilp nhan diu phai thyc hipn viec dao tgo Igi, dieu nay gay lang phi rat Idn cho xa hgi
Ciing phiii ndi them rang, mgt so kien thirc chiing
la trang bi cho hgc sinh v3 sinh vien kha xa la vdi Ihc gidi ben ngoai Do dd, cac em khong khdi ngd ngang khi cd dicu kipn hgi nhap vdi khu vyc va the gidi,
Cdn ve phuang phap giang dgy, eho den nay dudng nhu d tat ca eae bae hgc, cap hgc eiia ta ve ea ban van la thay ndi, trd ghi, hoc cliay la chinh riiii' l>:i, chat lirg'ng dao lao thap kem, dao due ciia ca thay va trd deu bj xuong cap nghiem trong Day la dieu ca xa hgi chung ta deu thay va thira nhan, Sy thap kem nay dien ra d mgi cap hpc,
tu Mau giao-Mam non, Phd thong cho den Dai hoc
va sau Dai hpc Sy thap kem ve chat lugng Giao due- Dao tgo trong may nam gan day cae phutmg lien thong tin dai ehiing da de cap qua nhieu, tdi xin khdng nhac Igi
Cdn xudng cap ve mat dao due, loi song ciia ea thay Ian trd, cang ngay cang trd nen bao dgng, Dudng nhu eae te ngn xa hoi ma cae phuang tien thong tin dai chiing neu len hang luan, khong nhieu thi it deu ed dinh dang den ITnh vuc Giao due va Dao tao
Co rat nhieu nguyen nhan dan den nhti-ng ban che
da neu d tren eiia nganh Giao due, trong khuon kho bai viet n3y, lac gia chi xin neu vai nguyen nhan ma tac gia eho la quan trpng nhat
- Thir nhat, toi cho rang chiing ta thieu mot chien luge, mgt quy hoach Giao due- Dao tgo thyc sy ed
CO sd khoa hgc, vi the mye lieu can dat eiia Giao dye Dao tao rat khdng ro rang, chung chung, kbo thyc hipn Myc lieu dao tao eon ngudi Viet Nam cd ly tudng cupe song cao dep, ly tudng xa hgi ehii nghTa
13 diln hinh Chii ngliTa xa hgi diing la rSt cao dep, song edn xa vdi Hien tgi chiing ta eung mdi dam de cgp den dinh hudng xa hgi chii nghia ma thdi- ngay dinh hudng xa hgi chii ngliTa la the nao van cdn tranh luan chua nga ngu, the ma day lam cho thanh nien cd ly tudng xa hgi ehii nghTa la dieu khong dl
Trang 7Irong khi dd cugc song d;niy can llil hp tre phiii
kinh Irgiig dng bii, eha mp idn irgiig ihay cd, Idn
trgng Uial phap thi ehiing la Igi eoi iihp,
- Thir hai chiing la chua nlign llu'rc diing vai lid
vi tri eiia Giao dye \ii Diio Igo ddi vdi sy pluit Irieii
ciia dai nuoe irong thdi dgi nun, Tuy Nghj quycl thi
ndi Giao dye vii O.in igo la quoc siieli luing tlau,
song trong Ihyc le cu^e song Ihi ho.in loiui ngugc
Igi- Giao dye va D3o Igo 13 ITnh vyc \eii iliO nhai
Dicu nay the hipn rd tinng chinh siieh dau lir cho
Giao due d.k bipt la cho vipc x.iy dyng ea sd vgt
chat- k\ tliugt ciia nganh \a Irong eliinli sach sir
dyng- d;ii ngg doi \di d^M ngii lliii>' cd gian, Vipc
trong nhii^ng nam gan d;i_\ hge sinh gidi khdng Ihi
\ao cac trudng Cao dang \i\ Dai hgc Su phgm da
phan nao cho chiing la tlifi\ rii dicu dd,
- Thur ba, duang nhien cimg cd Idi ral Idn ciia
nganh Giao dye, nhat la irong Mpe sir dyng cac
nguon dau lu ciia nha nude, trong vipe phat trien dgi
ngii nha giao va trong \ii;c diu mdi chuang trinh,
ngi dung, phucnig phap giang day
2 Mpt so kien nghj nham dui niiii can ban \ii
loan dien nen Giao duc-Diio lao nu'6'c nha
Su phat trien eua dai nude trong nhung nam tdi
ddi hdi ehiing ta phai cd mot nen Giao dye-Dao lao
thuc sy manh, ed du kha nang dao lao cho dat nude
mgt ngudn nhan lye cd trinh dg cao, dap irng dugc
nhirng yeu cau khat khe eiia su nghipp cdng nghipp
hoa, hien dgi hoa dat nude va hgi nhap qudc tc De
13m dugc dieu nay, chiing ta khong edn eon dudng
nao khac la phai thyc hipn ddi mdi mgt each can ban
va toan dien nen Giao dye \a Dao lao nude nha Doi
mdi can ban va toan dien ciin duge hieu hi doi mdi
tir iriel ly giao dye cho den ehuong trinh, ngi dung
va phuang pli3p giao due; doi mdi d tat ca cae bge
hgc va cap hgc, dot nidi tir nhgn thirc, eho den chinh
sach va Id chuc ihyc hicn; ddi mdi tir cac ca quan
quan ly den cac nha trudng; v3 ddi mdi d ngudi ihiiy
Ian ngudi hgc,
Cd rat nhieu vipc phai lam de ddi mdi can ban v3
loan dien nen Giao duc-D3o tao nude nha, trong
pham vi bai nay, tdi xin de nghj mgt so diem sau
day:
- Thu nhat; toi de nghj can khan truang id chirc
lai he thong Giao due- Dao tao va bg may quan ly
Giao due va Dao tao Hudng chung la, eiin eoi trgng
giiio dye Mam non, dua diio tgo nghl trd Igi bg Giao dye va Dao tgo; chan chinh Igi hp thong giao dye Dai hgc (\ac djnh rd cac khiii nipm: Trudng Dgi ligc, Dgi line, Dai hgc viing, Dai hgc quoc gia, Hgc vipn v3 Vipn Dgi hgc) Vipc to chirc Igi hp thong giao dye quoc dan phai dya iiOn nhung chuan myc ticn lien ciia Ihe gidi va xu hudng phal trien eiia Ihdi
&.n
Bg may qiiiin ly fiiao dyc-Dao tgo cung phai dirge to chuc lai Ihco hudng lap trung thong nhat v3o mgl dau moi (vc quan ly nli3 nude) va phan cap cao cho eac ca sd d3o lao
- Thir hai c*in dicu chinh lai miic iicii Giao dyc-Dao Igo cho silt vdi ddi hdi pliiit Iricn cua dat nude,
\(Vi liiii nhgp quoc le va vdi xu hudng phat trien ciia thai (lai Mye Ucu do theo tdi la: Giao dye va Dao lao cho d.il lurdc mgl Idp nigirdi cd sue khoe, co kien ihire (ke c3 ngogi ngu v3 each song), cd trach nhipm vdi ban llian, gia dinh, cgng ddng \a xa hgi
la dii nhung gi qua cao xa, khd hieu khd thyc hipn khdng nc'n dat ra
- Thir ba, vipc ddi mdi can ban va toim dien nen Giao dye va D;io tao nude nha duong nhien la phai
cd sy tham gia ciia toan xa hgi song Itrc lugng chinh van la nhirng ngudi tam cdng lac giao dye (ca cac
Ihay cd giao, nhung ngirdi quan i\' \k nhirng ngudi
phyc vy trong ngiinh giao dye) ru> nhien, tdi cho rang neu de vj the va cugc song ciia dgi ngu lam cdng i;ic Giao dye va D3o tgo nhu hien nay thi kho
CO the thyc hien dugc \ icc ddi mdi nay Xua kia, eha dng ta cho rang Irong xa hgi ngoai \'ua, chiia ra thi nhat sT nhi ndng; cdn ng;i\ nay, eae Ihay, cd giao khong biet \cp vao dau, edn euge sdng thi duge \ep v3o ligng nliiriig ngudi ban h3n nhat Irong xa hgi (chua ban den cliujpn lieu cue) Rat nhieu ngudi khi xem canh sdng \a lam \ ice ciia cae thay, ed giao d cac trudng tieu hgc \ iiiig mii cao phia Bac do Dai Tru; en hinh \'iCi Nam phat gan day d3 phai thdt len:
"tligt khdng sao hieu dugc" Chinh \i the, toi cho rang giai phap dgt pha de ed the ddi mdi thanh cdng mgt each can ban va loan dipn nen Giao dyc-Dao tgo nude nha la phai thay ddi Igi nhan thirc ve nghe nha giao, thay ddi Igi each dao tao, tuyen dung va dai ngg doi vdi nhii'ng ngudi lam viec d day Trong nen kinh tl thj trudng, mgt khi chiing ta khdng co nhgn Ihirc dung ve vai trd va vi tri ciia Giao due v3 Dao tgo, khdng cd nhirng dai ngg thoa dang'ddi vdi
Trang 8nhfrng ngudi hogt dgng trong ITnh vyc nay, thi Irirdug trung hge co sd dgt 19,7%, va eac trudng' duang nhien mat trai eiia ca chi thi trudng se Chen Trung hge pho thong mdi dai 10,3% Cdn cac vao Mil khi mat trai eiia co chi thj trudng da dirng trudng Dgi hgc thi dudng nhu eho din gid phut nay ehan duge Irong nganh Giao dye va Dao lao thi viee
eiru chua 13 vd cimg khd khan Thyc tien phat trien
Giao dye va D3o tao eiia nude la nhting nam gan
day da cho th^y tac ddng ciia nhiTiig mgl tieu eye
nay doi vdi ngiinh Idn den mire nao, \a khd thao gd
den mire nao
chua cd mgl trudng nao cd co sd vgt eh5t- ky iluigt ngang tam vdi eae trudng tuong doi Idn eiia cac nude trong khu virc, ehu chua ndi den cac trudng noi tieng tren the gidi,
Vi the, de cd the ddi mdi ciin ban vii toan dien n^-ii Giao dye \ a Dao tgo eiia nirdc nlia, toi cho riing phai thay doi Igi each dau lu eiia Nha nude Ngan sach Nha nude la thuc cua ngirdi dan ddng gdp Thuc chii
>0u la diing de nudi bg ma\ quan ly Nha nirdc va l6 hgc theo huong Ihiet ibye, hipn dgi \;i hgi nhap .i v • ^' i
_>-r^.t , , ^ ^^ chuc eae d|ch vu cong cgng cho ngudi dan, trong dd
quan trgng nhat la Giao dye v3 Y tl Da den hie Nha
Thii tu, phai kien qu\et igp trung no lye eiia
loan nganh vao vipc ddi mdi ehuang trinh, ngi dung
va phuong phap giang dgy ddi vdi mgi bge hoc cap
Dieu nay cd nghTa 13 ngoai nhung kiln thirc lao ra
ban siic va cot each ciia con ngudi Vipt Nam can
phai d;i.\ eho thi he tre nhu: Ljch sir Vipt Nam, Dia
ly \'iet Nam Van hgc \;i van hoa Vipt Nam, Dao
dire ciia con ngudi Viet Nam \ e mat khoa hge, cae
nude phat trien nhat trong khu \yc va the gidi dgy
cai gi, ta cung nen da\ cai dd dirng lu laeh minh ra
khdi cgng ddng qudc tc, ra khdi xu hudng phat trien
chung ciia thdi dai Dieu quan trgng la dung biln he
thong nha irudng thanh noi ndi ddi the he tre Hau
qua ciia viec na\ la vd ciing to Idn, vi khi the he tre
da mat Idng tin ddi vdi he thong nha trudng thi eung
ddng nghTa vdi ddng lye phat trien ciia dat nude bj
danh mat Dieu gi se xay ra trong irudng hgp nay
chiing ta deu cd the dy doan duge
- Thir nam, muon cd mgt nen Giao due \a Dao tao
tdt, phai cd sy d3u tu tdt Trong Giao dye Phd Ihdng,
ehimg ta da de ra phai xay dyng cae trudng dat
chuan quoc gia (duang nhien so vdi eae nude phat
nude phai giiim viec laj ticn Ngan sach de dAu tu cho cae hogt dgng san xuat- kinh doanh (viec nay dl eho ngudi dan thugc mgi thanh phSn kinh tl dam nhan la chinh) Nha nude phai tang mgnh ngudn dau
tu tir Ngan sach cho Giao due- bao dam sao eho trong mgl thdi gian ngan nen Giao due nude nha co duge mgt co sd vat chat- ky thual ngang tam vdi cac nude phat trien Irong kbu vuc (duang nhien la cd huy dgng su dong gop ciia ngirdi dan nua, song Nha nude phai dong vai trd chinh
Tai nhien, trong dau tu cho Giao dye, phai co su
uu tien dgc biet cho khu vyc mien niii va dong bao cac dan tde thieu sd Giao dye d viing nay, quan diem cua tdi la Nha nude phai dau tu, vi ddng bao thieu sd khdng nhieu va Igi rat nghco, ngay nay dat nude ta ed dii tiem luc de lam vice do
Tom Igi, ddi mdi can ban va toan dien Giao due trien, cae lieu chi dgt chuan ciia chiing la ciing cdn v3 Dao tgo la doi hdi buc xiic hien nay \ a chiing ta
kha khiem ton), Mae dii vgy, nam hgc 2010-2011 hoan loan cd thi lam dugc Van dl la phai ed quy It
eae trudng Mam non ciia nude ta ciing mdi cd 19% lam \a phai ed sy dau tu thoa dang \ c mgi phuang dgt chuan, cac trudng Tieu hge mdi dgt 36,4%, cac dien ihi chac chan se I3ni dirge.•
Tai lieu tham khao:
1 Dang Cpng san Viet Nam: Viiii kipn Dgi hpi ISn Ihii VII, VIII, iX, X, XI- Nha xu3t ban Chinh tri Qu6c gia
2 Pham Minh Hac Mot so van de gido due va khoa hoc Gido due NXB Giao duc-HN 1986,
3 Vij Ngpc Hai Nhan dipn thach thirc, ca hpi va yeu cau doi vdi Giao due Viet Nam trong b6i canh toan cSii hoa
Ky yeu hpi thao quoc gia, HN 2008
4 Dang Ba Lam Xay dung cdc quan diem chi dao sy phdt trien Gido due, dao tao trong chien luge Giao due, dao
tao Viet Nam De tai B 96-52-TD 01
5 Nien giam Thing ke nSm 1987, 1995, 2000, 2010
6 Tran Qu6c Toan Phdt trien Gido dye Viet Nam trong nen kinh te thi trudng va trudc nhu cau hpi nhap qu6c tl,
Dl tai dpc lap cap Nha nude: DTDL.2007G/53