Q NGHIEN CUni N A N G LUC TRI TUE VA s u VAN DUNG VAO DOI M0I PHUDNG PHAP DAY HOC TRONG NHA TRUONG L D a t v a n d l Giio due (GD) va dao tao dang ehuyen mlnh trong CO ehf xa hfii phat trien nen kinh[.]
Trang 1N A N G LUC TRI TUE VA s u VAN DUNG
VAO DOI M0I PHUDNG PHAP DAY HOC TRONG NHA TRUONG
L D a t v a n d l
Giio due (GD) va dao tao dang ehuyen mlnh trong
CO ehf xa hfii phat trien nen kinh t l tri thflc Von nhan
mpi mat ddi sfing kinh t l , chinh tri, xa hdi Doi mdi GD,
cfla chti t h i , hfldng v i o sy gia tang, phit triin ning lyc
tham gia tieh eye v i o HD xa hdi hda GD, xly dung edng
ddng hoc t i p tich eye - hpe t i p sufit ddi
Cie yeu d u GD trong edng ddng dat ra nhflng
thieh thflc ddi vdi dpi ngfl nhi giio, yeu d u v l NL nghe
giao d n bdi dfldng pham e t i l t NL di thflc hifn chfle
nang, nhiem vij GD va day hpe (DH), thye hien muc tifu
hda rnuc ti§u ddi mdi GD mdt cieh thiet thflc va cu ttie
trong nha trfldng, nhi giio, ngudi hoc, phflong phap DH
(PPDH), phfldng tifn DH
2 Nang lUc tri t u f va nang liTc n h i g i i o
2.1 Ndng Idt tri tue
NL (Competency) cd lifn quan d i n cac ITnh vUc
nghifn eflu khoa hpc ve tam li hpc, tam sinh li hpc, GD
hpc, xa hpi hpc NL l i hdi tu nhflng die dilm cfla ca
nhin vf tam, sinh li, khi nang thyc hien HD ciia eon
ngudi Cac nhi nghifn cflU ehia NL thinh NL chung v i
t h i hon: NL x i hfii, NL ca nhin, NL phflong phip, NL
nghe nghiep, Nghien eflu vf NL trong GD, dao tao da
dflpe df d p d i n d nhifu gdc dd nhfl t i m li hoc t i m li
hoc GD, GD hpc, quin li GD, cd tie ddng trye tiep d i n
d c chfl thf day v i hpe trong nhi trfldng, tfl duy v l quin
li GD, ehiln liipc, muc tieu chuong trinh GD, thilt ke tai
lieu DH,
Ciu ndi cua F Bacon T r i thflc l i sflc manh" khdng cht
d l cao NL tri tuf (NLTT) coji ngfldi -"nguon von tri tue"mi
thflc", "xa hdi thdng tin" Nghifn eflu v l NLTTcd Inh hfldng
tdi GD Howard Garclner cho ring, ngfldi ta cd nhflng
NLTT v i each thflc hieu bilt khic nhau nfn GD va DH d n
phip hoc tap eho tflng ea nhin (theo li thuylt da tri nang
(Multiple intelligences - Ml) Quan diem niy ctia Howard
nang tri tue theo IQ hoac trac nghifm OG kha ning hoc
tap theo SAT Li thuyft M\ eua dng dua ra 8 NLTT NhCftig
NL (gdm c l ning khieu) tiem tang trong moi ngfldi hpc II
nang khilu ngdn ngfl, tinh toin, hlnh Inh, than the, i m
nhae, ngoai giao, nfii d m v i thifn nhifn Ngudi hpc dupe
GD, OH dung each se cd eo hpi bdc Id nhflng td chat hoae
mdt NL noi trdi de thanh cdng
NLTT (Intellectual competency) ctia eon ngfldi dflpc
hlnh thanh, phat trien trong qua trinh sdng, tuong t i c
logic NL ngdn ngfl, NL suy doin va tfldng tflpng NLTT
t h i hien qua eae thao tie tfl duy nhU bilt so sanli, phan
tich, tong hpp cac van d l , cd khi nang trflu tflpng hda,
khii quit hda cic dac dif m mang d i u hieu b i n chit khi
TS.D6TI^NSY Hoc vien QuJn If Giio due
nghien eflu, tim hieu sfl v i t hifn tflpng Ngflcri eo NLTT
t h i hifn qua cac pham chat Chfl ddng, linh hoat doc thuc hifn trong sy doi mdi d n bin v i toin dien nen GD nfliic nha NLTT c^n dflpc eoi l i mfit trong nhflng muc thilt k l t i l lieu DH va PPDH NLTT ctia c i nhin ngudi hpc dupe DG vfla la ket q u i vfl^ II hifu qui cfla ehflOng tiirih
GD, phflong phap GD v i DH cfla nhi trfldng, nhlgiao^
ngfldi hpc
NLTT phin Inh hanh trinh phit trlln tri tue qua lao dfing, ngdn ngfl, cd quan hf chit ehe vdi sfl phat trien
hoin thifn cie giie quan cfla eon ngudi v d ngon nqQ,
tri nhd, tti duy logic, tri tfldng tflpng, sy thdng tue trong hlnh vt flng xfl, Nha nghifn eflu Bfli Van Hue da ting hop v f sU hlnh thanh NLTT v l dfldc coi nhfl sfl gOi mfl, nay [1]: Hlnh thinh NLTT la hinh thinh v i phit trien NL suy nghi linh boat sing tao; Vif c hinh thanh va phit trlln NLTT can dflpe td ehflc thfldng xuyfn, lifn tuc thong nhat v i cd hf thdng; Vifc hinh thinh v l phat trien NLTT
g i n liln vdt ren luyfn NL quan sat phit triin tU duy, tri tudng tupng, trau ddi ngdn ngfl, cung d p tri thflc; ki nang (KN), kT xio, each hoc ; Phit triin NLTT song hinh vdi GO tinh d m , dao dflc, pham c h i t nhan each;Thay dfii nfii dung DH de hinh thinh v i phit trien NLTT vi no Inh hudng dfn PPDH, trinh dp phit trien NLTT; Tao cac
d i l u kien d l ngfldi hpe suy nghT ehu dfing, dfic lap vi sing tao trong gill quyft van df hoe tip
Nhflng d i u hieu nhan bilt NLTT trong ngfldi hpc II:"
Su nhay bfn, nang ddng, sang t^o trong giao tilp flng
xfl, gill quylt vin de; ludn cd t i m t h i tholi mat trong*
viee glli quyft cic van de phfle tap; thich hoc ham hoc,
tiep thu nhanh, hiiu rd b i n chit vin di mdi; cd t u d i ^ logic v i phf phin Trong q u i trinh phit trien nhin dm
ngfldi hpe, ngfldi day cd t h i trp giup hoic tiep flng c ^ hifu nay 1
2.2 Ndng lue nhd gido ^ ''•
NL n h i g i a o la loai NL n g h l n g h i f p - n g h e DH NL
n h i g i i o duac cau t h a n h t f l c i e y f u t o ve tri thflc, KN,
kt x i o , k i n h r i g h i & m , h f l n g t h f l , s d t h i c h , m d i trfldng tk
d d n g , NL n h a g l l o k h f i n g t h i t i c h k h d i NL ehung vaNL
c h u y f n b i f t NL c h u n g b i e u h i f n d khia c a n h n h i g i i o lit
CO hdt, m d i t r f l d n g di HO t r i t h f l e NL c h u y e n b i f t l i NL
H D D H v l GD NL s f l p h a m s f l i m n i y sinh, p h i t trien can
y f u t d t h d a m i n N L n h i f : Kien t h f l c KN, kT x i o , t h d i quei^
d u t n i c NL n h a g i i o t h e o ba n h d m ; N h d m NL lien quan
h u o n g s f l p h a m , D G k i t q u i DH, ); n h d m NL l i f n quan
d i n x l y d f l n g t o e h f l c n h a t r f l d n g t h i n h t f i c h f l t hpc tap (trao d 6 i , chia s f , h o p t a c HO c h u y f n m d n , h u y ddng sy
t h a m gia cfla c o n g d f i n g ) ; n h d m NL l i f n c|uan d i n phat
t r i i n n g h l n g h i e p n h a g i i o (HO t y h p c b o i d f l d n g , vwfc
h i f n n t i i f m v y e d t r i c h n h i f m , d a o dflc) [2]
Trang 2Bd GD&DT d i ban hinh Chuan n g h l nghifp giio
vifn trung hpc gom 6 t i f u chuin vdi 25 tieu chiOG NL sfl
pham, trong dd chfl y tdi d c NL NL tim hieu ddi tuang vd
mdi trucmg GD; NL DH; NL GD; NL HD chlnh tri, xd hol; NL
phdt tnen nghi nghiep Bfi chuan NL sfl pham n h i giio
trung hpc la can cfl xac dinh muc tifu phit t r l l n NL nha
giio de^cap q u i n liOG, x f p loai nha giio Hdn nfla, d l y la
khai bd cong cu OG NL nha giio d mflc dd pham vi hep
nhfl mdn hpc, gid hpc
NL lao dpng sfl pham dang II van de quan trong di
DG, xep loai nha giio, trfldng hpc Tfl do, xa hdi DG, nhin
nhin thyc chit hon v f GD va d i o tao nguon nhin luc
eho xa hoi Vifc gia tang yfu c l u phit trien cic NL cfing
din, NL lao dfing, NL hinh nghf, se 11 "ap l u c " d n t h i l t
d f doi mdi HD DH, GG chit Ifldng GD d cie d p dp, loai
t i ^ g vi trj, chfle danh trong d c don vi, eo quan, td chfle,
cdng tl, doanh nghifp [3]
Phit t r i i n NL n h i giio la ehfl ^ d i n sfl phit trien
NLTT vdi sy d i e thu v f phat t r l l n he thdng NL ehuyen
bift niy dflpc dat trong mfii trfldng NL ehung, thfing
nhat vdi nhflng pham chat v f ttnh chu ddng, ttnh linh
NLTT cfla n h i gllo thdng qua HO sfl pham II sfl phat
the day va hoc No khdng chi l i m gia tang NL DH ctia nha
gllo ma cdn mang lai hieu q u i v f sfl doi mdi, sing tao
NLTTcho ngudi hpc
3 Doi mdi phU<Aig phap day hoc hfldng tdi phat
trtln nang Iflc tri t u f ngflcri hoc'
Trong nha trUdng, van de doi mdi PPDH la d n thiet
bit bupc khi d c nhan td lifn quan, Inh hfldng, t i c dfing
trinh DH khdng ngflng thay doi PPDH phai thay doi, lya
chpn cic mfi thflc eii t i l n , bd sung, lim mdi bd phan hay
ddi mdi t o i n bp, de hda nhap, thfeh flng, phu hop vdi
ndi dung, myc tieu, chu t h i , ddi tupng DH
Nhflng d i u hifu b i n chat cua PPDH la tinh sing tao
v i tinh thich flng vdi dfii tflpng (tri thfle, ngfldi hpc), NL
nhi giio VI t h i , PPDH ludn dflpc lam mdi de phCi hdp vdi
ddi tflpng i p dyng v i bin chat sing tao eiia nd ^dng
vdi myc t i f u , ndi dung, chflong trinh GD, PPDH dflpc dpi
mdi phfl hc^ vdi ngfldi hoc, nhu c l u xa hdi, su phit trien
van hda dan tdc
Xu t h i GO va dao t?o thay ddi, mue tieu GD hfldng
vio su phat trtln NL ngirdi hpc nen cic yeu td cCia qua
trinh DH d n ddi mdi d f d i p flng v i thich nghi Vifc the
hifn NL nha giio trong HD doi mdi PPDH d l d i p iftig
yfu d u mdn hoc va nhu d u hpc tap eua ngfldi hpe dang
tap cfla phuong phap v i tfl duy, thdi quen ngai thay doi
thay ddi PPDH, ehfla nim vflng he thdng PPDH, ehfla tao
doi' mdi PPDH mdn hoe va khd hlnh thanh NL dfii mdi
PPDH Viec thflc hien doi mdi PPDH d n g i n vdi ndi dung
eu the, HD thiic tien DH mdn hpe cy the cfla nhi giio de
n h i giio hlnh thanh NL thflc hien HD ddi mdi PPDH sang
taova hieu q u i , , ,
PPDH hifn dai va phit huy hieu qui phy thupc vao
t i t nang, tri tu#, nghe thuft sfl dung phuong phip cfla
nha giio, ndi dung, muc tieu DH v i ddi tupng ngudi hpc
Vai trd efla ngfldi hpc tao nen sfl thinh cdng eCia PPDH
dflOc khing dinh nhu l i trp Iflc ddi tac tfldng tac tfch
cflc NLTT cfla ngflc^ d^y v i ngfldi hpe d i u dfldc quan
t i m , thuc hifn di cCing phit trien dat d p dp mdi Qua
PPDH v l viec sfl dung tfch cflc d c PPDH hifu q u i , NLTT cua nhi gllo dfldc cii thien, phat triin, hieu siu sic hon
ve tri thfle bai hoc, tri thflc ngfldi hpc nghe thult DH, sfl dung d c PPDH Ngfldi hpe dflpc hpc PPDH tfch eye tfl ntii giao, b i i hoe de linh hdi hon, ham hpc hOn v l co cd hdi phittrien NLtflhoc NLTT
Trong doi mdi PPDH, nha giio chfl y phit trtln NL
c l nhin ngfldi hpc va PPDH dflpc difu ehinh, d i t i l n phu hop vdi tflng d nhin Bfn eanh dd, vdi suda dang ciia NL trong ITnh vyc mon hpc, bai hoc m l ed sti tieh hop trong
DH k i t hop lifn mdn, xuyen mdn hpc de hinh thanh to tiidng tupng PPDH thay doi vdi nhu d u NL ngfldi hpc,
tap d n dflpc thiet ke bao gom yfu d u ve phit trien cac
KN nhfl phin tich, GG, so sinh, tong hop, nhlm phit tao d i l u kien v l khfing gian tri tuf, dupe trinh bay d c h hiiu khae, dupe tao co hdi phat trien tri thfle ngoii mdn hpc, dflpe djnh hudng v i tro giup eho eac y tfldng, sang tao nhflng van d f lien mdn hoc
NL t y hpc thude v l NL c i nhin Ca nhan ngfldi hpc trong tflng nhiem vy hpc tap cd d c each giii quyft v i n
de khic nhau, phin inh kinh nghifm, thdi quen, sd trfldng va NL rieng biet ctia tflng ngu'di Gfil mdi PPDH chti trong day each hoc cho ngUdI hoc phat trlln NL c i ddng gill quyft van d f hpc tap Difu dd tflc la hudng tdt t?o Cac KN phat trien NLTT ciia ngfldi hpc nhflKN tuduy logic, KN phit triin v i hinh dung hifu qui ngdn ngfl, KN suy doan va tudng tupng d n dfldc boi dfldng, rfn luyen cdt Idi cfla NL la he tiidng d e KN trong mfii quan he gifla hpc tap, ngfldi hpc d n dflpe tham gia vio giii quylt
d c tinh hudng, bai toin hinh thanh NL NgUdi hpc t i f p xue vcri d e trd ngai, khd khin, b l tic, d l xult hifn nhu
d u gill phdng trd ngai, vflpt qua b l tie Nhiing nhiem quyet dfldc giao cho ngfldi hpc giiip hinh thinh va phat trien NLTT cua ngfldi hoc
4 Kit luan ^
NL thupc' v l pham chat ca nhin tien hinh HO cu the dat hifu qui nhat djnh, gan lifn vdi mdt trfldng hanh qua trinh sdng v l tflOng t i e vdi mdi trfldng Cle NL dflpe tflpng Nghifn eflu NLTT lifn quan dfn NL nhi giio la sfl die tiiij vf phat trien he thdng NL nghe nghifp eCia nha giio, die bift de cap den HO doi mdi PPDH hfldng tdi sfl phit trlln NLTT eho ngfldi hpe
Hf thdng cae PPDH bd mdn d n dflpc thilt ke va thflc hienviotrpngtam hinh thinh, phittrien NL tuduy linh hoat sang tao ctia ngUdi hpc; dUOc to ehflc khoa
bp mfin Qua trinh DH chii y ren luyfn NL quan s i t trf
kT xio, each hpc, song hinh vdi GD tinh d m , dao dflc, phlm chat nhin each; ddi mdi nfii dung OH, khuyen khfch doi mdt PPDH phit trlln NLTT ngfldi hoc; tao cac difu kifn v l phUOng tien, thiet bj DH, t i m thl,'khdhg khi tieh cue, de ngudi hpe suy nghT ehCi ddng, doe lap va sang tao trong giai quylt vin d l hpc t i p
Trang 3TAILI|UTHAMKHAO
[1 ] Bui Van Hue, (2012), Nhdng cdng trinh tdm
lihge-gido due hgc, NXB Oai hpc Sfl pham Hi Ndi
[2]-Ptiam Do NhatTien, (2013), 00/mdi ddo toog/do
viin trudc yiu cau doi mdi cdn bdn todn diin gido due Viet
Nam NXB Gilo due Vift Nam
[3] Do Tifn Sy, 77m hieu ndng lUc dgy hge vd ndng
lUc qudn linhd trfldng Tap chi Khoa hoc Gtio ciuc, so 113,
thing 2/2015
[4] Hoing Hda Binh, Ndng lUc vd cdu true ndng lUc,
Tap ehi Khoa hpc Giao due, sd 117, thing 6/2015
SUMIVIARY
The educadonal requirements in community pose challenges hrteaehers, requirements of teachers'pro^onai eompetenceand students'leamingcompetence kisnecessary and compulsory 0) renew teaching methods wften tfie impact factor changed constantly at sdmc^ Learners learnt from active teaching methods and lessons were more receptive and motivated, that created opportunities to develop self-learning and mtellectual competencies
Keywords: Intellectual competence; teacher
competence; teaching method
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiitiii iiiDiiiii
Bdng 2: Tmh hudng lUdi tam gidc deu
Clu hfii
cAa giio vien
I.Tim sfi tam giic deu eanh
1 don vj trong Hlnh 8
2 Tim sd tam giic dfu eanh
1 dcjn vj trong Hinh 9
3 Tim sd tam giie dfu eanh
1 don vi trong Hinh 10
4 Tim sd tam giic deu canh
1 dcm vj trong Hlnh 11
S Tim sfi tam giie deu eanh
den ting 25
Hoatd6ngciiaHS -Dfm sfi tam giac trong hlnh
- Vl sd tam giae rat it nen hau het HS dim (04 tam
giic)
- Theo quin tfnh, HS van dim nhU trong 2 ciu hfii
tren
- Kht thio luin nhdm, HS nhan ra chi can lay ket qui
ciu hdi 2 cfing sfi tam giac ting 3 se nhanh hOn:
4+5=9 (tam giac)
- Nhdm nio ehUa nhan ra d c h ttnh nhanh van dem
tnJc tiep
- Mpt sd nhdm tinh nhanh bing each liy kft qui eau
hdi 3 cdng so tam giac ting 4:
9+7=16 (tam giic)
- HS nhan thay each dem trfle tif p phii dfloe thay the
bdi each nhanh hon Hoae phii lan lupt cong them
ed mpt quy luat nhanh hOn khong phu thude hinh
- HS nhin iai tong the tfl cau hdt 1 dfn ciu hdi 5 va
phin tieh:
Tang 1 tong la 1, hinh md rdng den tang 2 tdng la
4, hinh md rdng dfn tang 3 tong la 9, hlnh md rdng
den tang n tfing la n x n? Kiem nghifm tren hinh md
rdng dfn ting 5 kit qui diing nhudir doan Viy hlnh
md rdng den tang 25 ldng l i : 25 x 25 = 625
Bieu hien tinh toin ci^a HS (L^m CO sd phan bac cho thang DG) -Dim
- Tinh toan qua viee dfm trye tiep
- Tinh toin qua viec dfm trpc tiep
Chua ed khi nang chuyen tii ngdn
ngfltrucquan sang ngdn ngflkihieu sang ngfin ngfl ki hieu df tinh toin (4+5=9) NL tinh nhaiih
- Bieu hien tflcmg tU nhfl trong ciu hfii 3
- So sinh, tim phflong i n hpp li, NL tinh nhanh
- Hf thfing hoi, phin tich, tfing hop, khii quit, dfl doan, kifm nghiim Quy la vf quen Biet chuyin tfl ngfin ngfl true quan sang ngdn ngfl ki hieu ditinti: 25x25 = 625
Tieu hpc Nhiing kft qui tinh toan deu dUpe HS nit ra trong
qui trinh trii nghiem Tfl qua trinh trii nghiem va tflong
t i c HS bdc 16 d e bilu hien ciia NLTT 06 l i co hfii di chiing
tdi quan s i t chup Inh v l quay phim lim co sd phan tiic
cho thang OG trong qui trinh DG NLTT ciia HS sau nay
TAIUIUTHAMKHAO
[1] Nguyin Thi Kilu Oanh, (2015), Phdt fr/en ndng
lue tinh todn cho hoc sinh tiiu hoc, Tap chi Khoa hoc Giio
dycs6l13,tr.30-32
[2] Hoa Anh Tucmg, (2014), Sddung nghien cdu
bdi hgc diphdt tnin ndng luc giao dip todn hgc cho hgc
sinh trung hgc ca sd, Luln I n Tiln si Khoa hpe giao dye,
Trudng Dai hpc Sfl pham TP Hfi Chi Mlnh
[3] Vu Thj Binh, (2014), Sddung biiu dien todn hge
trong dgy hge mdn Todn Idp 6 vd ldp 7, Tap ehf Khoa hpc
Gilo dye sdm,tr.13-15
[4] MA.Karim, (2010), Assessment in primary
mathematics, Semeo Regional Centre for QfTtP in
Mathematics,
[5] D i o Tam, (2005), TTiut hdnh phuang phdp dgy
hgc todn dtiiuhge, NXB Gilo dye
SUIVIMARY
Using visual representation for evaluating cakuloting competence is a necessary issue From designed situations, students interact on the visual representation and show ther calculating competence, thereby contributing as a basis for rating scale when assessing students'calculating eompetaia Keywords: Visual representation, calculating competence, students, primary schooL