TAP CHi KHOA HOC CONG NGHE GIAO THONG VAN TAI S 6 15 5/2015 3 VAI TRO CUA QUOC TE HOA DOI V 6 l SlT PHAT TRIEN CUA TRU''''CTNG DH GIAO THONG VAN TAI TP HCM THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONALIZATION FOR THE DEVELO[.]
Trang 1TAP CHi KHOA HOC C O N G NGHE GIAO THONG VAN TAI S 6 15-5/2015
VAI TRO CUA QUOC TE HOA DOI V 6 l SlT PHAT TRIEN CUA TRU'CTNG DH GIAO THONG VAN TAI TP HCM
THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONALIZATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF
HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TRANSPORT
ThS Nguyin Thdy Hdng Vdn
Tnrdng Phong Ddi ngoai, Trudng Dgi hgc Giao thdng van tdi Thdnh Pho Hd Chi Minh
Tom tdt: Qudc te hda gido due dpi hge Id mdt xu hirdng mdi d Viet Nam, mdc dii khdi niem ndy
dd xudt hien tren thi gidi tie vdi thgp ley nay Nghi quyit Hdi nghi ldn thu 8, Ban chdp hdnh Trung uong khda XI (Nghi quyit sd 29-NQ/TW) nhdn manh tdm quan trpng cua ddi m&i gido dye trong thdi
hy hgi nhgp qudc te dephdt triin nghidn nhdn luc cd trinh do vd ky nang tdt ddp ung nhu cdu cua Viet Nam vd the gidi Trong Chien lupc phdt trien cua Trudng dpi hpc Giao thdng Van tdi Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh (DH GTVT TP HCM) den ndm 2020 vd tam nhin din ndm 2030 hoat dgng hpp tdc quae ti dupc di cap den nhu mgt trong nhiing bien phdp de ndng cao chdt lupng gido due vd ddo tgo Tuy nhien, Chien lupc chua de cap den vai trd ciia qudc te hda trudng dgi hgc ddi vdi su phdt trien cua Nhd trudng Bdi viet ndy ldm ro tdm quan trgng ciia qudc te hoa ddi vdi sif phdt trien cua Nhd trudng trong thdi ky hgi nhdp qudc te, ddng thdi de xudt mdt sd gidi phdp thuc hi^n qudc ti hda gido due tgi Trudng DH GTVT TP HCM
Tir khda: qudc te hoa, gido dye dpi hpc, hdi nhdp qude te
Attract: Internationalization of higher education has become a new trend in Vietnam though the
concept of intemationalisation was invented several decades ago The Resolution 29 passed by the 8th plenum of the Communist party of Vietnam Central Committee, 11th party confess, emphasised the important role of educational reform in the international integration process in order to provide the human rerourees with good qualifications and skills meeting the demand of the nation and the world
In the Strategic development plan of Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport towards 2020 and vision to 2030, international relations was mentioned as a solution for improving education and training quality However, the plan did not mention the role of internationalization for the institutional development This paper highlights the importance of intemationlisation of higher education in Ho Chi Minh City University of Trasport and makes some recommendations on how to internationalise the institution
Key words: intemationlisation, higher education, international integration
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Trang 2te, vdn hoa xa hoi va giao due tang len, quoc te
hoa dugc coi la cong cu tao tinh canh tranh,
xac dinh tiSu ehi chit lugng, va tang cuong
hoat dOng thuong mai Trong giao due, quoc te
hoa la nhung chinh sach va chuong trinh/ chidn
luge de cac chinh phu va cac truong dai hgc
thuc hi?n, dap ung dugc voi xu th8 toan eau
hoa [1] Bai hgc kinh nghiem cua eac nuoc
Chau A nhu Trung Quoc, An do, Singapore,
la minh chung ve tam quan trpng cua quoc te
hoa va vai tro ciia hgp tac quoc te trong sir phat
triln cua giao due dai hgc Bdng nhiing chien
luge phat tri6n phu hgp, hgi nhap quoc te sau
rgng, su nang dgng eua cac truong dai hgc
trong hgp tac qu6c t6, thanh qua cua hg da
dugc th8 gioi biet d6n
Nhan thiic dugc tam quan trgng cua qudc
tS hoa, cac truong dai hgc tren th8 gioi ngay
cang coi trgng vdn d6 h5i nhap quoc te, cac
hoat dgng quoc tS hoa vi vdy cung tro nen da
d?ng hon N6u nhu truac day quoc te hoa chi
don gian la trao doi giao vien va sinh vien, giao
luu van hoa hay cac hoat dfing quoc te chi tac
dgng len mgt nhom nho nhung sinh vien uu tii,
thi gid day quoc te hoa da dugc mo rong thanh
cdc chiln luge Ion lien quan den tuyen sinh,
tuyin dung da quoc gia, chuong trinh dao tao,
va tae dgng len so dong sinh vien
Tai Viet Nam, trong b6i canh giao due dai
hgc noi rieng va nen giao due qu6c dan noi
chung dang co nhung bat cdp Ion, quoc t8 hoa
thuc su gop phdn vao qua trinh d6i mai can
ban va toan dien giao due, tren tinh than Nghi
quyet 29 cua BCH TW Dang, lam ca sa va
dich den cho nen giao due nuoc nha, tao ra
nhung the he 'nguai Viet Nam mai' co dii trinh
do chuyen mon, ky nang va ban Itnh lam viec
trong thi truong lao dpng toan cau
Buoe sang nam 2015, Viet Nam dang nin
tho cha dpi giay phiit hgi nhap vao Cong dong
kinh te ASEAN voi nliilu ca h6i va thach thuc,
chua ke nhung thach thiic lan dat ra k l tu khi
Viet Nam gia nhap To chiic thuong mai thi
gioi (WTO) va Khu vuc thuong mai tu do
(FTA) Cho dii nhieu can bp quan ly giao due
Viet Nam khong dong tinh vai viec xip giao
due la 1 loai hang hoa (tradable commodity) thi
thuc te nay van dang diln ra tren thi gioi va se
khong loai trir Viet Nam
Tiln sy Harvey Charles, chii tich Hiep hpi
cac nha quan tri giao due quic t l khdng dinh:
dien se tao ra lpi nhuan Ion hon dau tu ban ddu Khi do truong sg thu hiit dupc cac giang vi€n
va sinh viSn gioi, tiep tue giup duy tri nhung lpi leh do" [3]
2 Qu6c tl h6a gido due tai Tnrong DH GTVT TP HCM
Trai qua gan 30 nam hinh thanh va phdt hiln, Truong DH GTVT TP.HCM dang timg buoc di lea, phat trien ve so lupng can bg giang vien, sinh vien, eo sa ha tdng, va eac ngu6n lue, khang dinh vai tro la truong dai hgc
da nganh ve giao thong van tdi (GTVT) cua cd nuoc La mot truong mui nhgn dao tao dpi ngu tri thue nganh GTVT, Tnrong c6 dinh huong phat trien trong tuong lai se tra thanh trung tdm dao tao da nganh GTVT trong khu virc D6ng Nam A Mu6n dat dupc muc tieu nay, ylu to hpi nh$p (^u6c tS cdn dugc dat len hang ddu Trong ChiSn luge phdt trien Nha tnrong, ho^t
dpng hgp tdc qu6c tB ciing dupe Truong d l c$p
nhu mOt ySu t6 gop phdn vao su phat triln cua Tnrong Tuy nhien, vdn de quoc te hoa gido due chua dupe de cap din mgt cdch nghiem tiic
va day du Tnrong chua co Chien lupc quoc t l hoa giao due dai hpc, chua thuc su co su chudn
bi tot eho tuong lai hpi nhdp the gioi, trong boi canh toan cau hoa
V6i d^c thii la truong dao tao v l GTVT vai cdc nganh gan lien vci xu t h i phat triln cia the gi6i nhu hang hai, cong trinh, logistics, vdn tai da phuong thiic , quoc te hoa thdm chi con quan trgng hon d6i vai Truong DH GTVT TP HCM Tuy nhiSn, cong tac quoc te hoa ciia Truong mai chi 6 giai doan so khai voi nhung 'dau hieu' quoc te hoa nhu: chuong trinh lien ket dao tao quoc te, mpt so du an Hen doanh, lien ket v6i nude ngoai, cae du an tai trg, hOi thao quoc te, trao doi giang vien, sinh viSn Gan day la viee doi moi mpt so chuong trinh
dao tao c6 dinh huong qu6c t% hoac tham khao
ciia cac trudng dai hgc tren thi giai Tuy nhiSn, s6 lugng cac chuong trinh ndy con chua nhilu, chiem mot ty le thap (xem Hinh I)
Bao cao Tu danh gid nang lire h6i nhap
qu6c t l cua Truong eho thdy, nhiing ylu td
quan trpng nhu chuong trinh dao tao, NCKH vai nuac ngoai, trinh do ngoai ngu ciia gidng
vien va sinh vien, gidng viBn di day o nudc
ngoai, sinh vien di hgc d nudc ngodi chua duoc thuc hien ddng bg va toan di?n, md chi diln ra theo cdc nhom nho ho?c do ed nhan tu thuc hi6n Tmdng chua co Chien luge hpi nhdp
Trang 3quoc t6, chua xac dinh cac chi s6 danh gia nang
luc hOi nhSp qu6c t6, chua co ke hoach bai
duSng ngoai ngu va cac kjf nang din thift cho
giang vien, ehua co phuong 4n quan ly mi ro
khi hOi nhap tjuoc 16, va dac biet ehua co dSu
tu manh me d6 nang cao hinh anh, thuong hieu
va siic c ^ tranh ciia Truong tren truong qu6c
t6
Ct 1 u'O'na ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 1
UiTih ^ ^ ^ ^ 1
truven ^ ^ ^ 1
Lhoiig ^ ^
64%
I Q ^ Chimnn
^ H | trinh
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ n i i i ' i r t ^
K ^ ^ A t)%
K ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ C h i m m n
^ ^ ^ ^ H trinh
M ^ ^ ^ ^ B
^ H I S ^ ^ V hirnnn
^ ^ ^ H I V (11 inr TP
^ ^ ^ r
• Cht HTQT • T6ag cbi twin budng
Hinh 2: Ch HTQT/tdng chi todn truongfS]
Ngoai hoat dpng tren, Trudng cd 1 lien
doanh vdi Ha Lan ve dao tao nguon nhan luc
hang hdi (UT-STC) vd mpt Vi6n dao tao qudc
t l (lEC), 2 don vj dupc coi la miii ten tien
phong v l quIe te hda Day la hudng di diing
ddn ciia Nhd tmdng Vdi Lien doanh UT-STC,
Tmdng gdp 40% tong s6 von dieu le, tuong
duong khodng 900.000 do la My trong khoang
thdi gian tmdc 2010 Vdi Vien dao tao quoc t l
(lEC), Trudng chi ddu tu ban dau 1 phdng may
tinh tri gid khodng 350 trieu ddng vao nam
hinh djch vy n8n phai tra tien thu6 va chi phi khdu hao cho phdng mdy nay Nhu vay, tru Li6n doanh UT-STC co sd tiln ddu tu ddng k l , Tnrdng it chii trpng ddu tu cho cac hoat dpng HTQT
Tren thuc tl, cac hoat dgng HTQT ciia Trudng chu yeu dua vao eac du an tdi trg cua nudc ngoai Ty le giiia chi dau tu cho HTQT tu ngan sach ciia Trudng vdi sd tiSn tai trg ciia nudc ngoai (xem Hinh 3) cho thay, neu Trudng khdng xin dupc tai trp cua nudc ngoai thi ddu
tu eho HTQT ciia Tnidng Id khdng dang k l va hoat ddng HTQT cua Tmdng ciing khdng cd nhiing thdnh cdng nhu hi8n nay
Hinh 1, Cdc chuong trinh dao tgo co linh qudc ti [5]
Hang nam tdng chi cho hoat ddng HTQT
ciia Nha tmdng chu ylu chi dimg lai d chi doan
di cdng tac nudc ngoai, chi 16 tdn ddn doan
nudc ngoai vdo tham va lam vi6c, hd trp can bg
di hOi thdo qudc t l , td chiic hpi thdo qudc t l
Chi tinh nhiing nam gdn day (2011-2014) con
sd nay chi vdn ven dudi 0.5% tdng chi todn
trudng, thdm chi rdt khd quan sat trong bieu dd
minh hpa d Hinh 2
90.000 80.000 70.000 60.000 50.000 40.000 30.000 20.000 10.000
85.415
1255
20S56 2 2 3 , 4 _ , ^ ^ ^
1 1 lo.sira ^
2 55C H ^ " ^m
2011 2012 2013
• Chl HTQT tir ngan sdch timm
S Tien tai tro tir dy an qu5c tk
•
1
i
1 3 , K i
2014
g
Hinh 3: Tdng chi HTQT vd tiin du dn tdi trp [5]
Van de nay khdng phai chi xdy ra d rieng Tmdng DH GTVT TP HCM, ma la mpt trong nhiing nguyen nhan phd bien cua nhieu tnrdng dai hpc khong quoc te hoa thanh cdng Tien sy Harvey Charles thi hien lo ngai rdng: "Mac dii quoc te hoa d cac tmdng dai hgc la phtie tap va cdn sir khan tmong, hieu tmdng cdc tmdng dai hpc thudng khdng phan bo du cac ngudn luc tai ehinh cho no" [3]
Tai tmdng DH GTVT TP HCM, cdng tac HTQT ehi chii yeu tap tmng vao vai trd eua phdng Doi ngoai Cac khoa chuyen mon chi tham gia khi dupc yeu cau Chi cd mpt vai khoa ch-u ddng trong HTQT Mac dii Chiln lupc phat triln Tmdng va cdc kl hoach, bao cao lu6n ghi rd Trudng ddy manh hpi nhap quoc te, tang cudng HTQT nhung thuc t l , Trudng ehua c6 chien lupc cu the nao dl ddy manh hpi nhap qude te thdng qua HTQT Vi du nhu Trudng chua co chuong trinh hanh dpng hdi nhap qudc te, chinh sach ddng vien (thdm
Trang 4chi la yeu cdu) cdc don vi nang dOng trong
cdng tdc HTQT, khdng cd eac chi so danh gia
viSc thuc hien qudc te hda ciia ca nhan va don
vi, ngay ea viec nang eao nhan thue cung ehua
dupe quan triet tii tren xudng Dilu ndy ddn
dSn sir thd a cua mdt bd phdn kh6ng nho can
bg gidng vi8n sinh vi6n ddi vdi cdng tac hpi
nhap qudc t6 Giang vi6n khdng cd ddng luc de
nang cao trinh dp chuyen mdn va ngoai ngu,
tdng sd lugng vd chat lupng cac bai bao qudc
t8, tham gia cdc chuong trinh trao ddi gidng
vien
Rat nhieu sinh viSn cua Tmdng mong
mudn cd su thay ddi v l chuong trinh ddo tao,
phuong phap giang day cua gido vi6n, mong
mu6n dugc hpc nhihig kiln thiic phuc vu cho
edng vi6c sau nay Sinh vien tham chi k8u ggi
'think out of the box' (tam dich la hay nghi ra
ngodi chiec hop/ tu duy vupt gidi han) dl ndi
ve mong dpi va khat khao dupc tu do hon
trong hpc tap vd su chuan bi cho hpi nhap qudc
te
Cudi nam 2014, Tnrdng da xin tai trg
thanh edng Du an Tu van chiln lupc qudcte do
Hiep hpi cde trudng dai hpc qude te tdi trp vdi
su tham gia ciia cac chuyen gia hang dau vl
qudc te hda Du dn dugc danh gid la rdt diing
thdi diSm, vdi mong muln nang cao nhan thiie
ciia dpi ngu lanh dao, can bp giang viSn vd sinh
vi6n todn tmdng v l vai trd quan trpng cua qudc
te hda, ddng thdi tu van eho Nhd tmdng each
tu ddnh gia nang luc hpi nhap quoc tl, tii do co
the tu xdy dung chien luge qudc te hoa cho
tmdng
Mdc dli hoat dpng HTQT ciia Tmdng
dupc danh gia Id sdi dpng vd cd nhirng thdnh
edng nhdt dinh, nhung nhirng hoat ddng dd mdi
chi dimg lai d mgt sd nhom tren quy md nho,
ehua the hien su hdi nhap ddy du eua Tmdng,
chua c6 sy ddng bg va chien luge quic t l hoa
toan diSn
Tien sy Harvey Charles cung timg kit
ludn; "Van de quoc te hoa giao diic dai hgc
thudng khong dugc eac nha lanh dao tmdng
dua vao chuong trinh nghi su chinh thiic Ngay
cd khi no dugc dua vao thi ciing chi dugc xem
xet qua loa hoac bi coi la van d l khdng quan
trpng" [3]
3 De xudt giai phdp thuc hien quoc t l
hoa
Tmdng BH GTVT TP HCM cdn cd nhiing giai phap sau:
Sii dung hieu qua dich vu tu van qude
te hda:
Du an Tu van chien luge quoc te vdi k8t qud cudi cung la bao cdo danh gid hi^n trang va ndng lire hdi nhap qudc te ciia Tmdng DH GTVT TP HCM ciing nhimg gpi y giai phap mang tinh ky thudt Dua tren gdp y cua cac chuyen gia, Tmdng cdn tilp tuc va kien tri thuc hi?n qu6c t l hda Dy an chi Id sir khdi dpng cho cong tac qu6c t l hda Tmdng, nlu diing lai
d nhihig gi dy an mang l^i thi sS khdng hieu qua
Xdy dyng Chien luge qudc t6 hda: Tmdng can Xay dung Chien lupc qudc tS hda hoac ke ho^ch quoc te hda Chi8n lupc nSn
d l d miic ngdn han, tii 3 den 5 ndm vd dupc xay dyng dua tren tdm nhin ciia Nha trudng cimg vdi nhihig ylu td uu ti8n Khdng nen cung mpt Iiic thyc hien qudc t l hda d tdt ca cac hoat dOng cua Nhd tmdng ma nen lya chpn mi tien vd xdy dung Chiln luge theo 10 trinh tuong ling
- Chuan bi ngi lyc:
Ddu tien vd quan trgng nhat chinh Id ca ch6 quan tri Co chl qudn tri dai hpc id nhan td cot 15i ldm nen sy phat triln ciia Nhd tmdng nhung day la ciing vi$c khd khan nhdt Tmdng cdn tang cudng tinh tu chii, ty chiu trach nhiem, sy minh bach, h8 thdng ki8m dinh, ddng quan tri, tu do hpc thuat, chinh sach thu hiit va tuyen dyng nhdn tdi Cd nhu vay mdi
CO the li8n k8t dupe vdi ngudn luc tdi chinh, tiet kiem cdc nguon lyc, nhdt la trong bdi canh
Bd tmdng Bd GTVT dang yeu cau ddy manh cac hoat ddng xd hdi hda va tien tdi cd phdn hda cdc eg sd dao tao thudc Bd
Y8u to thii 2 quyet dinh su thanh cdng eua Nha tmdng khi hdi nhdp qu6c tl, d6 la ngudi lanh dao Ban gidm hieu Nhd tmdng (BGH) can dua chu d6 nay vao chuong trinh hpp va co nhihig quyet sach ro rang Id trinh hdi nhap, nhimg cam ket cd thdi gian va kit qud cu thi, xdy dyng ca chl hoat dgng ddng bO va toan di8n, ti8t kiem ngudn luc va hieu qud chi phi Cdn cd hdnh ddng cu thi, khdng chi tr8n gidy
td
Thii ba Id ngudn lue tai chinh Trong thdi gian tdi, hudng DH GTVT TP HCM sg phdi tu chli tdi chfnh, la xu thi chung ciia cac tmdng
Trang 5dd, tmdng cdn tao dung huih anh va danh
tieng dao tao tdt d l thu hiit sinh vi8n va giao
vi8n gidi Tang hgc phi la mdt gidi phdp Tuy
nhien, h^ig hda ciing phai dugc tang chdt
lugng Van de cdt loi lai quay trd v l co chl
quan tri nhu d tren da trinh bay Ngoai viec
tdng hgc phi, Nha tmdng cdn cd chinh sach ddu
ty cho hoat ddng dao tao, NCKH phuc vy nhu
cau xa hpi Xa hdi hda e6ng tac dao tao vd
NCKH, tao mdi tmdng canh tranh lanh manh
de tdt ca cdc don vi thupc tmdng eo quyln tu
chii, tu chiu trdeh nhiem, cd sdng kiln cdi tiln
vd quM trpng la cd thi tu chu tai chinh Cdn cd
co chl khuyin khich ngudi lao d6ng, xa hgi
hda trdeh nhi8m can di lien vdi xa hdi hda
quyen Igi Can lua chpn don vi tien phong lam
thi dilm Sau do nit kinh nghiem va xdy dyng
1 md hinh mdu vdi nhiing thuc t l da trdi qua
trudc khi nhdn rdng ra cac don vi khde
Thii tu, CO che quan ly rui ro Id bien phap
quan trgng d l Nha tmdng tranh dupc nhung
ton tiidt Neu khong tien lieu dupc nhihig rui ro
tiem an, rat cd the tac ddng se ngupc lai Vi du:
Vifn lEC dupc coi la don vi tien phong vl
g^udc te hda Tuy nhiSn don vi nay ciing tilm
an nhi8u nii ro N I U dpi ngii cdn bd quan ly
nang luc khdng tdt, ngoai ngii ylu, thilu kinh
nghiem quan hi dai hpc thi rdt co till chdt
lupng dao tao se di xudng, danh tieng cua
Trudng bi dnh hudng, cdc don tir khiiu nai,
thanh tra va nghiem trgng hon la khong thi
tuy8n sinh tiep duge Gay dung thuong hieu tdt
rdt khd nhung khi da mat r6i thi gay dung lai
cdn khd hon gap nhilu Idn
Thii nam, Tmdng cdn ddnh gia tae ddng
ciia qude te hda sau mpt thdi gian thuc hien
Viec ddnh gia can cd chi sd do ludng su thanh
cdng cu th8, cd the su dung cdc chi so danh gid
nhu KPI (key performance indicator) hoac
BSC (balanced score cards) Xac dinh muc tieu
va mong mudn dat duge, sau do ddnh gia tdc
dgng ma qudc t8 hoa co thi dem lai cho
Trudng Su thay doi eua Nha tmdng khdng chl
dung lai d sd lugng giang vi8n sinh vien di
nudc ngoai hay bao nhieu chuong trinh dao tao
theo hudng nudc ngoai Md quan trpng han, dd
Id tac dgng cua hdi nhdp quoc te ddi vdi tu duy
va hdnh dpng ciia moi ca nhan vd tap the
Cudi cung, edn co chinh sach ddu tu thich
dang eho hoat ddng HTQT thdng qua Quy chl
Chi tieu nfii bp cua trudng Cdn tiidnh lap rieng
chuy8n gia co kinh nghiem v8 qudn ly gido due
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References [1] Altbach, Reisberg, and Rumbley (2009), Trends in Global Higher Education: Tracking an Academic Revolution, A report prepared for the UNESCO 2009 World Conference-'on-Higher Education, France
[2] British Council (2014), Going Global
2014, Miami Intemational Convention Center from 29 April - 1 May 2014 [3] Choudaha, R & Contreras (2014), HE intemationalisation - What gets measured, gets flmded University World News, 04 July 2014, Issue No:327, http://wwv>'.universityworldnews.com/artic le.php?storv=20140702133825465
[4] Knight, J (2003a), 'Updatmg tiie Definition of Intemationalization',
International Higher Education, The
Boston College Centre for Intemational Higher Education, No 33, Fall 2003, viewed 2"'' August 2013, http ://www.bc edu/content/dam/files/resea rch sites/cihe/pdf/IHEpdfs/ihe33.pdf [5] Nguyen Thuy Hong Van, Tran Thi Thuong, Tran Thi Nguyet Minh (2015), Self study report, Intemationalisation Stt-ategy Advisory Service, Ho Chi Mmh City University of Transport
f Ngay nh|n bai: 1 5 / 3 / 2 0 1 5 " ^ " H m H
1 Ngay chap nhan fldng: 10/4/2015 ^ ^