Top chi Khoa hoc 21112 23b 50 S9 Trwmg Dai hoc Cdo Tha XAY DtTNG TIEU CHl DANH GIA LUAN VAN KHOA HOC GlAO DUG Trdn Thanh Ai ABSTRACT In many universities around the world, thesis is required for Maste[.]
Trang 1XAY DtTNG TIEU CHl DANH GIA LUAN VAN
KHOA HOC GlAO DUG
Trdn Thanh Ai
ABSTRACT
In many universities around the world, thesis is required for Master's programs, especially research-oriented Master The assessment of thesis is usually conferred to the councils of thesis This approach hides many problems for universities which don't have experience in scientific research and postgraduate training: it can lead to inaccurate assessments and can even cause negative impacts to training This article aims to set out objective and scientific criteria for evaluating
Keywords: Assessment, thesis, educational sciences
Title : Assessment crderiafor a thesis in educational sciences
TOM TAT
0 nhiiu trudng dai hoc tren thi gidi viec ldm lugn vdn Id dieu kien bdt bugc cho chuang trinh ddo tgo Thgc sl nhdl Id Thgc si theo dinh hudng nghien ciru Vi4c ddnh gid ludn Cdch ldm ndy dn chua nhieu bdt cdp doi vdi nhirng noi chua cd nhieu kinh nghiem ve nghien ciiu khoa hgc vd dao tgo sau dgi hgc cd the khiin cho vi?c ddnh gid thieu chinh xdc thdm chi cd the gdy ra nhiing ldc ddng tieu cycc den cdng tdc ddo tgo Bdi viet ndy nhdm de ra nhiing lieu chi ddnh gid khdch quan, khoa hgc
TU khda : Ddnh gid, ludn vdn, khoa hoc gido dtic
1 D.J.TVANDE
Tu trudc ddn na\ \ iec danh gia luan van^ thudng dugc nhieu trudng dai hgc "phd thac" cho cac hdi ddng danh gia (hdi ddng bao ve luan van hoSc luan an) PhSn ldn cac hgi ddng nay chu ydu chi dya vao kinh nghidm nghidn ciiu va luong tri ciia cac thanh vien de dua ra quydt dinh ve thu hang ciia cdng trinh, chii khdng dya Udn mdt khung danh gia cu thd chi tiet de tang muc do chinh xac cua vide do ludng pham chat khoa hgc cua luan van Cach lam nay tidm an nhidu bat cap, khidn cho vide danh gia mang nSjig cam tinh, thieu chinh xac, tham chi cd the gay ra nhung tac ddng tieu cyc den cdng tac dao tao Vi thd, yeu cau can phai xay dung cac tidu chi danh gia luan van la rat cap thiet Ngoai muc dich bao dam tinh khach quan, viec xa> dung cac tieu chi nay cdn cd y nghia rat quan ttgng Uong day hgc tich cyc ca cho ngudi da> lan ngudi hgc
1.1 Dam bao tinb ktaach quan va chinh sac trong viec danh gia luan van
Yeu cau cap thiet phai bao dam tinh khach quan va chinh xac xuit phat tu tinh hinh danh gia luan van hidn nay vdi nhung dac didm nhu sau:
Kh.>j Su Phgni Trucmg Dai bpc Can Tho
Trang 2Co nhidu hgi ddng khac nhau tham gia danh gia sinh \ ien ciing khoa hgc Vi the se cd nhidu khac bidt ttong each thuc dinh lugng cua cac thanh vien hdi ddng
Ddi tugng dugc danh gia la cac nghien cuu vd nhidu khia canh khac nhau dugc thyc hidn vdi nhieu each tiep can khac nhau, bang cac phuang phap nghien cuu khac nhau, Vi thd khdng the cd mdt "dap an" chung cho mgi luan van va do
dd, vide danh gia hoan toan tiiy thugc vao quan niem chuyen mdn cua ngudi danh gia (cac 'trudng phai" khac nhau cac "khuynh hudng" nghidn cuu khac nhau, nhat la ttong linh vuc xahgi vanhan van)'
Vide td chuc danh gia luan van khdng the ap dung nguyen tac khuydt danh dd dam bao su khach quan cua ngudi danh gia Vi thd mdi quan he giua ngudi danh gia va ngudi dugc danh gia ddng vai ttd rat quan trgng, khien ket qua cd thd bi ldch lac theo ca hai hudng trai ngugc nhau (sinh vidn cd thd nhan dugc
sy uu ai ciia mdt sd thanh vidn Uong hdi ddng, hoac bi thanh kidn, trii dap^) Cac dac diem ttdn da>' cd the dan den ngu\ co iam gia tang sy bat cap Uong vide danh gia luan \'an nhat la Uong giai doan phat trien dao tao dai hgc va cao hgc manh me d nudc ta nhu hidn nay Vi the vide xay dung cac tidu chi danh gia luEin van la can thiet de kiem soat dugc cac bidn tham gia vao qua trinh danh gia giup vide tham dinh chat lugng cua luan van dat dugc do chinh xac cao han
1.2 Dinh faudng cho ngudi Iam luan van
Day hgc tich cyc bat bugc ngudi day phai thdng bao cho ngudi hgc biet ttudc lg
trinh tri thuc se di qua ttong sudt hgc ky, 6% ngudi hgc chu dgng co nhiJng chuan
bi can thidt vd mat tri nhan (muc tieu mdn hgc, ngi dung se h o c ) va vd mat vat chat (tai lieu tham khao, phuang tien ) Trudc khi iam luan van, sinh vidn cung phai y thuc dugc nhiing tieu chi danh gia luan van dd hg cd the phat huy tinh tich cyc va chu ddng Trong chidu hudng do viec bien soan khung danh gia dong vai ttd dac biet quan trgng uong qua ttinh dao tao lay day hgc tich cyc Iam nen tang cho cdng cudc ddi mdi giao due Hon nira khi lam luan van sinh vidn thudng tidp can vdi nhidu quan diem phuang phap luan khac nhau ndn it nhidu hg sd gap bdi rdi Vi the khung danh gia se ddng vai ttd cua cgc tidn tidu giup sinh vidn dinh hudng Uong qua uinh Iam luan van
1.3 Thong nh^t phmmg phap khoa hoc trong doi ngu giang vien
Ngay ttong cimg mdt bd mdn giang vidn cd the cd nhieu quan niem khac nhau vd phuang phap nghien cuu va ve each thuc tidn hanh lam luan van, vi hg thudc nhieu chuyen nganh hep khac n h a u cd trinh do hgc van khac nhau dugc dao tao tir nhidu ngudn khac nhau Cd nhiing sy khac nhau cd the chap nhan dugc (chang han vd each trinh bay luan van vd each ggi tdn timg dd muc cua luan van, ), nhung ciing cd khdng it sy di bidt can phai md xe dd di ddn thdng nhat dd bao dam tinh khoa hgc cua cdng ttinh nghidn cuu
' Nea\ ca MCC danh gia cac bai lam theo cuDg mot d^ ihi (nghia la co cimg dap ani cung kfaoag tranh khoi s\f sai lech
d6i~khiratlon NhanlS" *i w tai tai Hiap (ihang 6/20101 bao/Xiuiiimf da lam moi thir nghiem nho ; hp mm 10 giam khao cune chim doc lap mot bai lam mon Triet Ket qua la co 8 giam Uiao chim tu 11 dan 13 diem (Uiang diem 20) va
hu ^amkbao cham diem 6 Tham cbi \aonam 2008 da co tniong hop mot bai thi mon Tnel duoc 2 nguoi danh gia
c h o d t ^ lech nhau den 14 di^m (I'^O^a-'-^"'iheo Z Express, son%a\
17/6/2010)-• Di CO truong h(ip mot luan an tien sT bi mot thanh \ ien hgi d6ng danh gia cho 1 diem trong khi cac thanh vien khac cho diem 8 \-a 9
Trang 3Tren nguyen tac, ngudi giang vidn phai hdi du mdt sd didu kien nhat dinh mdi cd thd hudng dan va tham gia hdi ddng cham lu?n van thac sT Nhung tten thyc te thi nguyen tic ay khdng duac thuc hien day dii vi nhu cau dao tao cac cap d nuoc ta ngay cang gia lang Vi thd, vide xay dyng mgt khung danh gia thdng nhat se la ca
sd dd giang vien hudng dan luan van de dang han ma van dam bao tinh da dang cua cac dd tai va phat huy kinh nghiem cua giang vidn tir cac ngudn dao tao khac nhau Tdm lai khung danh gia vira la mdt djnh darig chung cho cac hgi ddng
danh gia ddng thdi la kim chi nam cho mgi can bg, nhat la can bg Mh ttong hoat
ddng nghien cuu khoa hgc
2 PHlTOfNG PHAP NGHIEN C t r u
Bk cd thd xay dung chuin myc chung ttong each danh gia, can phai di tim nhimg
khai nidm chung cho co sd dao tao (Bd mdn Khoa) De thyc hien chiing tdi tidn hanh cac cdng doan sau day :
2.1 Khao sai each danh gii cua cac trudng d i o tao nganh khoa hoc giao due Diu tien, chiing tdi khao sat cdc khung danh gia dugc ap dung tai nhidu trudng dai hgc tten thd gidi: Dai hgc Louvain (Bi) do De KELETE J.M bien soan nam 2003 trudng EESP Lausanne (Thuy ST) bien soan nam 2006 Khoa Khoa hgc Giao due Dai hgc Lumiere - Lyon 2 (Phap) do P Meirieu bidn soan 2008, Khoa Giao due va Cdng tac Xa hdi thugc Dai hgc Sydney (2009)
Khao sat cac tai lieu tten day cho thay la phin Idn cac khung danh gia ddu dugc bien soan de danh gia cac cdng ttinh nghidn ciru ap dung phuang phap thuc nghiem su pham The ma ttdn thyc td cac bg mdn trong Khoa Su pham hudng dan sinh vien ap dung nhieu loai hinh nghidn cim khac nhau, nhu didu tra tham dd, phan tich ndi dung, md ta hien ttang, nghien cuu danh gia Vi thd, chiing tdi khdng the su dung cac khung danh gia cua cac trudng ndi trdn lam khuon mau 2.2 Khao sat cac phirong phap nghien ciru khoa hoc giao due
Khi ndi den nghien cuu khoa hgc giao due, ngudi ta thudng nghT den phuang phap nghien cuu thyc nghiem, nhu thd do la phuang phap duy nhat dugc cong nhan la khoa hgc Dinh kidn nay khdng phai khdng cd co sd: rit nhieu tai lieu va giao ttinh dai hgc ve nghidn cuu khoa hgc giao due chi gidi thidu phuang phap thyc nghidm
ma thdi vi nhiing tai lieu nay dat Ugng tam vao muc tidu giiip sinh vien nim bat dugc quy trinh nghien cuu Trong thuc te, ngudi ta da su dung nhidu phuang phap nghidn cihi khac nhau
2.2.1 Cdc logi phuang phdp nghien cuu gido due : Luge khdo mgt sd each phdn logi
Cac tai lieu hudng dan nghien cdu khoa hgc xa hdi va nhan van, trong do cd khoa hgc giao due, dugc phat hanh trdn thd gidi khdng cd su thdng nhit cao vd each phan loai cac phuang phap nghien cuu cung nhu vd tdn ggi cac phuang phap dd That vay chi cin diem qua mdt vai tai lieu vd phuang phap luan nghidn cim khoa hgc ciing dii thay sy da dang nay
Theo dieu b cua Qu^' che dao tao Thac s! do Bg GD&DT ban hanh ngay 5 thang 8 nSm 2008 giang vien phai co trinh
- ^^Zu^ " ^ " "' ^"'^ ^°^^ ' ' ' " ' * ' ^ ° ^^ ^'^ ^ ' ^ ° ^'^ •"*" '^"^'^ '^^^ S'^ ^ ^ ^ ''^> - ^ " ' ^ S dan va cham luan vSn thac
Sl O Phap phai la giao su hoic c6 bang habin (Habilitation a dinger des recherches thuong d u a c \'iet til la HDR) moi
Trang 4M.-A.Tremblay phan chia nghien cuu khoa hgc thanh cac phuang phap sau day : Nghien ciiu c a ban Iy thu\et (recherche fondamentale theorique), bao gdm nghidn ciiu xac dinh khai niem va nghidn cuu xay dyng khai niem
Nghien cuu co ban thudng nghidm (recherche fondamentale empirique), bao gdm nghidn cim tham dd va nghien cuu kiem chung
Nghien cuu ung dung (recherche appliquee) (Tremblay M.-A 1968
tt 57-70)
Jack R Fraenke! & Norman F Wallen (sach tai ban lin thu ba, 1995) thi phan chia
cac phuang phap nghien cim chi tiet han:
Nghidn ciru thuc nghidm (Experimental Research)
Nghien cim tuong quan (Correlational Research),
Nghien cuu nhan qua — so sanh (Causal-comparative Research)
Nghien cuu didu tra tham dd (Survey Research),
Nghidn ciiu phan tich ngi dung (Content Analysis Research),
Nghidn cuu dinh tinh (Qualitative Research)
Nghidn cuu lich su (Historical Research)
(ttong cac Ian tai ban tir nam 2003 cac tac gia da bo sung them nghien ciru chu the dan le (Single-Subjet Research) va nghien ciiu hdnh dgng - Action-Research)
T Neville Postlethwaite liet ke cac loai nghien cuu chu ydu sau day bang each dua trdn loai thdng tin ma nghien cdu mang Iai:
Nghien cuu lich su (Historical Research),
Nghien cuu md ta (Descriptive Research)
Nghien ciru tuang quan (Correlational Research),
Nghien cuu nhan qua (Causal Research),
Nghien ciru thuc nghidm (Experimental Research)
Nghien ciiu trudng hgp (Case study research),
Nghien ciiu chiing tdc hgc (Ethnographic Research)
Nghien cim phat tridn (Development Research) (Neville Postlethwaite T.,
2005, U.2-4),
Cdn ddi vai G Tsafak ttong khoa hgc giao due co cac loai nghidn cuu chii ydu
sau day:
Nghidn cuu co ban (Recherche fondamentale)
Nghidn cihi iing dung (Recherche appliquee),
Nghidn cuu md ta (Recherche descriptive)
Nghidn ciiu thuc nghiem (Recherche experimentale)
Phan ti'ch ndi dung (Analyse de contenu)
Nghien cuu lich su (Recherche historique)
Nghien cuu phucmg phap luan (Recherche methodologique) (Tsafak G , 2001 U.70)
Trang 5Vi cd qua nhidu each phan loai nhu thd, ndn \ iec bien soan khung danh gia chung cho tit ca cac luan van va cdng trinh ngliien cdu khoa hgc khd dat dugc tinh kha tfii
2.2.2 Ve khdi niem phuang phdp khoa hge
Ciing nhu mgi kidn thuc khoa hoc phuang phap nghidn ciiu khdng ngimg dugc phat tridn tuang ung vdi su tidn bd ciia loai ngudi Vi thd, vide ddng khung cac nghien cdu theo mdt khudn mau cu the nao do cung se d i n ddn nguy c a kim ham
sy sang tao cua ngudi nghien cuu De vide nghien cuu khdng di theo ldi mdn cjuen thudc, chung tdi cho ring khdng nen xay dung khung danh gia dua trdn bat cu phuong phap ngfaien cihi nao; ma phai dua trdn tinh khoa hgc cua cdng trinh nghien cuu Dd la cac nguyen tic ma mgi nghien cuu ddu phai tuan theo dii thugc ITnh vyc nao, chuydn nganh gi, ddi tugng nghien cuu la gi Cac nguyen tac dd
dugc ggi \kphuangphdp khoa hgc ma Le Thanh Khdi da dinh nghia nhu sau :
"Phuang phap khoa hgc chu ydu khdng dua ra ket luan nao ma khdng cd chiing
c u : phai dua tren nhiing ket qua cu the dugc kiem soat mdt each khach quan chd khdng phai dya tren nhimg y kien ca nhan thudng xuat phat tir kinh nghiem han hep : phai phan bidt nhihig dd lieu va sy dien dich nhung dii lidu do khdng gd cac
sy viec vao ly thuyet ma phai dieu chinh ly thuyet cho phu hgp vdi sy vide ; phai
cd tinh phd phan, nghTa la phai chap nhan viec xem xet lai ly thuydt, du cho no da hoan chinh den dau chang nda" (Ld Thanh Khdi, 1981, dan Iai tii Tsafak G., 2001
U 77)
M.-A Tremblay (1968) xac dmh phuang phap khoa hgc bang each Hdt kd ra cac tieu chi sau day de mdt phucmg phap nghien cuu dugc cdng nhan la phuang phap khoa hgc :
Cd su dung mdt khung tham chieu (nhim xac dinh cac gidi han cua nghien cuu
va cac bien tac ddng den hien tugng dang nghidn cdu),
Cac du lieu phai tuong thich v<M he thdng ly thuydt (tucmg thich ngi tai) Cac sy vide thu nhan dugc qua quan sat phai tuang iing vdi thyc td khach quan (tinh tuong thich ngoai tai),
Dugc kiem nghidm ttong gidi chuydn mdn
Cd td chuc thyc nghidm
Cd lap va kidm soat cac bidn
Do ludng cac hien tinmg,
Ddy bao,
Khai quat hoa
Thai do khach quan khoa hgc
M.-A Tremblay cung luu y ring mdt s6 tieu chi tten day khdng nhit thidt phai hien didn ttong mgt nghien cuu ching han nhu tieu chi tiiuc nghiem Theo dng ttudc khi loai ngudi phdng ve linh Spoutnik len quy dao ttai dit thi nganh tiiidn van hgc chi dua vao tinh toan va suy luan nhung van mana tinh chinh xac khoa hgc cao dii chua thyc nghiem bao gid !
J.-M Van der Maren so dd hoa phuang phap khoa hoc tiianh mdt quy tiinh bao gom 6 cong doan sau day ma bat cu nghien cuu nao cung ddu phai ap dung:
Trang 6xay dyng mgt van 6e
de su dung mdt he thdng cdng cu
nhim cho phep thu thap dd lieu
dd phan tich va xu ly theo nhieu ky thuat khac nhau
dd san sinh ra nhiing kdt luan
ma nha nghien cdu se binh luan hoac didn aiai (Van der Maren J.-M., 2003,
tt 16)
Trudng phai giao due tidn bg d Hoa Ky chu trucmg day cho hgc sinh phuang phap khoa hgc nhu la phuang phap chimg dugc ap dung trong bat cu ITnh vyc nao, vdi bat cu quy md nao, tu viec giai quydt cac van dd don gian den cac nghidn cuu phuc tap Peter F Oliva (2006) cu the hda phuong phap khoa hgc bing nam budc thyc hien:
"Phuang phap khoa hgc la ky nang can phai dat dugc va phucmg thuc tim kidm giai phap cho cac van dd Trong cac thanh phan don gian nhit cua phuang phap khoa hgc cd nam budc sau day :
x a c dinh mdt vSn dd,
Hinh thanh mgt gia thuydt hoac nhidu gia thuydt
T i p hgp du lieu,
Phan tich du lieu
Rut ra cac kdt luan" (Oliva F Peter, 2006, tt 260)
Qua cac khao sat trdn day, chiing ta thay rang mac dii each didn dat cua cac tac gia
cd khac nhau, nhung tyu trung Iai cac tidu chi thidt yeu ddu hidn didn ttong 5 giai doan ma OHva F Peter da neu Vi the, ta cd thd dya theo each phan chia nay dd Iam khung danh gia ngi dung cac cdng trinh khoa hgc noi chung, va luan van tdt nghiep ndi rieng
3 K E T QUA NGHIEN ClTU
3.1 Cau true luan van
Hinh thuc luan van khdng phai la khdng quan ttgng, vi nd chinh la chi bao diu tien
ma ngudi dgc tidp nhan dugc khi dgc mdt cdng trinh khoa hgc Vi thd, hinh thuc ciia luan van cung phai the hidn tinh logic chat che, dd cho ngudi dgc thay rang tac gia cua cdng ttinh khoa hgc da sd dac dugc ky nang tu duy khoa hgc Tuy nhien ttong tai lieu nay, chiing tdi khdng dd cap den cac ydu td ky thuat nhu dan trang,
cd chii, kidu chd ma chi tap trung vao cac ydu td thd hien tinh logic cao nhu each thidt kd cac chuang, phan va each trinh bay xuat xd ttich dan va thu muc
3.1.1 vi cdch thiet ki cae ehuang, phdn
Ndu da thong nhit 5 giai doan tdi thieu can phai cd ciia mgt phuang phap nghien cim, thi vide thidt kd chuang, phan can dua trdn 5 giai doan dd, sao cho cd sy can ddi giiia cac chucmg
Mgi bai vidt hoac luan van ddu cd 3 phan Idn : nhap dd than bai va kdt luan (hoac
CO the chgn cac tdn ggi khac)
Trang 7Phan nhgp di (thudng dugc dat ten la Ddn nhgp) nhim muc dich dan dat ngudi
dgc vao "phdng tiii nghidm" cua nha nghieri cuu Trong phin nay, tac gia gidi thieu tinh hinh thyc td cd lien quan ddn vin dd nghien cim (nhu cau xa hgi) va qua trinh tran ttd khoa hgc cua tac gia dd qua do cho ngudi dgc bidt cac ly do chgn dd tai (1\ do xa hgi 1\' do khoa hgc va cd the ca l\ do ca nhan)
PhSn than bdi la ngi dung chii ydu cua luan van Trong phin nay, sinh vien cd the
thidt ke thanh nhidu chuong img vdi 4 giai doan dau cua phuang phap khoa hgc ciia OHva F Peter Ching han nhu :
Chucmg 1: Luge khdo tai lieu (hogc Lich sir vdn di, Khung ly thuyit, Tong quan tai lieu )
Chuang nay nhim hai muc dich Muc dich thu nhat la diem lai cac nghidn cuu trudc day dd ti^nh xay ra trudng hgp nghidn ciiu lai nhiing van de da dugc nghien cuu con gia tri, va nhat la dd phat kien nhiing van de cdn bd ngd hoac chua dugc giai quyet thda dang, de tir do xay dyng gia thuyet nghien cuu va muc tieu nghidn cim Muc dich thu hai la ke thua nhiing tri thdc da co vd van de lien quan de lam ndn tang cho vide xay dyng tri thuc mdi (theo quan diem khdng ed Ui thuc nao xuat phat tu hu vd) Vi the phan luge khao phai diy dii va phai cd phan tich sau
mdi cd the phat hien dugc nhung "khoang ttong tri thuc" vd van dt nghien cdu
(chiing minh tinh thiet yeu khoa hgc) ciing nhu la nhiing thanh tuu cua khoa hgc
de ke thira
Chuang 2 : Cdc vdn de ve phuangphdp nghien euu
Chuang na\ nham md ta cho dgc gia bidt phuang phap xay dyng &i lieu nghidn
ciiu (hoac mlu phan tich) cdng cu thuc nghiem (neu la nghien cuu thyc nghidm)
va phuong phap xu ly dii lieu Day la mdt phan rat quan ttgng ttong nghidn cuu, vi
nd nhim chi ra tinh tuong thich giua phucmg phap nghien cuu va muc tidu nghien cim, tinh tieu bieu ciia mau nghidn cdu, va tinh chinh xac khoa hgc ciia each xu ly dii lieu Ndi each khac nd nhim chiing minh cho ngudi dgc thiy ring nghien cim dugc tien hanh nghiem tiic, chat che va mang ti'nh khoa hgc
Chuang 3 : Ket qua nghien cicu va dien gidi
Chuang na> gdm cac phin sau day :
Md ta tien trinh thyc hien nghien ciiu
Trinh bay ket qua phan tich da tidn hanh
Danh gia tinh xac dang ciia kdt qua xu Iy dir lidu nghidn cuu
Dien giai kdt qua dd bing each ddi chidu vdi gia thuydt nghien cuu va vdi nhirng cdng ttinh nghien cuu trudc day, dd lam noi bat sy dong gdp ciia cdng ttinh hoac cai mdi cua nghidn cim
Trinh bay gidi han cd nghTa cua kdt qua dd tai (cac didu kidn de kdt qua cd gia tti)
Phan kit lugn nham tdm t i t cac kdt qua tiiu dugc va nhiing dien giai quan ttgng
dugc xem nhu la phan ddng gdp ciia cdng ttinh ddng thdi chi ra nhimg gidi han cua nghien ctm dd xac dinh pham vi khai quat hoa ciia kdt qua (y nghia ly thuydt
va tiiyc hanh) Tu nhdng gidi han nay, tac gia se dh ra hudng nghien cuu tidp tiieo
Trang 83.1 2 Ve each trinh bdy cdc xudt xii trich dan vd thu muc
Day la phan cd rat nhieu di bidt ttong gidi nghien ciiu d Vidt Nam do cac nha khoa hgc dugc dao tao tu rat nhieu ngudn, va thudc nhidu thd he Vi the vide
"chuan hoa" each trinh bay xuat xd ttich d i n va thu muc la rit can thiet Nguyen tac chii dao lam ndn tang cho vide chgn lua "chuan" ia su tien dung cho ngudi dgc
va tiet kidm cdng sue cho ngudi vidt den muc tdi thieu''*' nhung v i n dat dugc hieu qua thdng tin cao
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3.2 Thong nhat ve thang diSm danh gia
Vide thdng nhat barem diem khdng khd mgt khi hdi ddng dao tao thdng nhat dugc khung danh gia (Xem dd nghi cu thd ttong phin Phu luc)
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TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Centre Jeunesse de Montreal, 2009, Criteres tl'evaluation scientifique,
www.cenlrejeunessedemontreal.qc.ca/recherche/Doc%CER/Grille_eval_scientifique.doc Truy cap ngay 25/9/2009
Dawoud Mamdouh, 1994, Recherche en educalion, Nxb Editions Nouvelles, Ottawa,
Canada
De Kelete J.M, 2003 Grille d'evaluation d'un rappoit scientifique, trong Rediger un rapporl
scieniiftque Bulletin Universitaire de Pedagogie n''27, Dai hpc Louvain, Bi
'*' Thang 10 nam 2009 nhan ky niem 40 nim nga> ra dm Internet Google da th6ng ke hien co hon I 000 ty trang web
va ngiioi ta d3 tmh loan ring cu nh& ta> cua nhirng nha sang lap khi go dtr mot dau / trong ihii tue khai bao dia chi web
Trang 9EESP 2006 Guide de realisalion de presentation et devaluation des memoires defin
deludes pour I obienlion des diplomes HES, Lausanne, www.eesp-ch
Faculty of Education and Social Work 2009, MTeach Honours Assessment Rubric,
Universit>' of Sydney
FESP, 2006, Preparer sa these ou son memoire : Guide pour les etudiants diplomes et les
direcleurs de recherche, Dai hoc Ottawa, Canada
Fraenkel Jack R & Wallen Norman P., 2003 How lo Design and Evaluate Research of
Education Mc Grawhill
Meirieu P 2008 Grille de relecture et devaluation d'un memoire de sciences de I'education, Dai hpc Lumiere - Lyon 2, Phap, tniy cap ngay 24/12/2009 tai dia chi www.meirieu.com''COL'RS grillederelecture.pdf
Neville Postlethwaite T., 2005, Educational research- some basic concepts and terminology,
UNESCO Intematioanl Institute for Educational Planning Paris
Oliva F, Peter, 2006 Xdy dung chucmg trinh hoc Nxb Giao due Ha Noi
Key O 2006, Qu*est-ce qu'une « bonne » recherche en education ? trong tap chi Veille
scientifique el lechnologique, n° 18 — 5/2006
Tremblay M.-A,, l % 8 Initiaiion d la recherche dans les sciences humaines,
Montreal, McGraw-Hill, 425 tr Tu sach dien tii "Les classiques des sciences sociales" ph6 bien tren mang tii thang 4 nhm 2010
Tsafak G 2001, Comprendre les sciences de I'education, L'Harmattan, Paris
Universite du Quebec en Abitibi-Temiscamingue, 2007, Document d'informaiion sur le
programme de mailrise en psychoeducation, Canada
Univereite du Quebec a Montreal, 2008, Guide du memoire, truy cap tai dia chi
w wu.travailsocial.uquam ca/Profil/Document/Maitrise/GuideMaitriseMemoire.doc ngay 25/9'2009
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