TICH Gin; HOAVAITRilBANflOCHOC SINH DANTOC IT NGIiTJiYNGIIYflJ TRONG Glil HOC TAG PHAM VAN GHlMNG fl TRUNG HOG PHO THONG '''' TilKIEN THUG NEN GJiANGUifl HOG ThS LETH! THAO'''' Ngay nhgn biiv 14/04/2016; ng[.]
Trang 1TICH Gin; HOAVAITRilBANflOCHOC SINH DANTOC IT NGIiTJiYNGIIYflJ TRONG Glil HOC TAG PHAM VAN GHlMNG fl TRUNG HOG PHO THONG
' TilKIEN THUG NEN GJiANGUifl HOG
ThS LETH! THAO'
Ngay nhgn biiv 14/04/2016; ngay sua chua: 20/04/2016; ngdy duy?t dang: 20/04/2016 g
Abstract: Positive of the reader's role based on their background in leaming literature is necessary in
consistent with the scientihc basis, characteristics and practical disciplines of education, especially for ethnic minority students in Highland where learning conditions are poor In the article, the author empha-sizes measures to raise students' background knowledge in the process of receiving literary worlis •, Keywords: Enhancing, student readers, background knowledge
I.Oatvande
Tich cue hda vai trd cua ngudi hpc ludn la dinh
hudngvacunglamuctieu cua mgi cdng cupc dd'imdi
giaoducnhatlakhi'hudngden hinh thanh,phat trien
nang luc cua ngudi hpc, Ooi vdi day hgc NgO'van, dae
biet la tac pham van chuong (TPVC), tich cue hda
ngudi hpc ehinh la viec tich cue hda vai trd ban dgc
hpc sinh (HS) trong qua trinh tiep nhan (TN) van
thdc nen cung vert su hudng d i n cua giao vien (G V)
de tu kie'n tao y nghia cho van ban, bien van ban
hgp vo^ nhieu cff sd khoa hpe va thuc tien cung nhU
cd gia trj nhan van cao dep, Td do, HS hinh thanh,
phattrien nangjuc ban than nhu nang lue cam thu,
vethegidixung quanh mptcach chu dpng, tich cue
Ngoai ra, huy dpng kie'n thdc nen deTN TPVC khdng
chigiLtpHStoJ'tin,chudpng hon trong hpc tapmacdn
van chuong vdi cuoc ddi
2.Npidunq
Kien thdc nen dugc cac nha nghien cdu tren the
gidi su dung vdi nhieu thuat ngu khac nhau (nhu:
Schema^, prbrknowledge background knowledge)
duoc hieu la loan bp hieu biet, la tat ca nhdng gi ma
mgtpanhan dachiem linh, dupc luu gidtrong nao bp,
la ketqua cua nang luc bam sinh va kinh nghiem tich
luy dugc (Kant 1781, cited in Sowa 1984; Chomsky
nen (Prior knowledge) la nhung cai ma mdt ngudi
nao ddbietvethegiaxung quanh (Marzano, 2014;
Stevens, 1980; Biemans va Simons,1996) la toan bp
461 Tap chi Giao due so 382
kien thuc mangudihpocddUffctrong mdltrudnghoc tap deTN nhdng kien thdc mdi; Dochy vaAlexander (i 995) cho ring kie'n thdc nen (prior knowledge) la toan bg kien Wide cua mpt ngudi, bao gom ca ki^n thuc dupc^the hien ra/kien thdc tudng minh va kisn thdc tiem an (tacit knowledge), sieu nhanfliucvakier thdc quan niem (conceptual knowledge)
HS dan tdc j t ngudi (DTIN) Tay Nguyen tuy c6 nhdng han che nhat dinh, nhung cae em cung sd hdu nhdng thuan Id rat d i e dung trongTN TPVC ma khdng phai d l dang cd dupc Nd'u GV cd bien phap phu hpp se phat huy duoc cac kha nang cua HS trong viec T N T P
2.1 Huy dgng kien thtic nen cua HS DTIN Tay Nguyen de khoi dgng gid hoc 2.1.1 Khoi dong gid hgc tCtn'dm yeu thich vaij
;]g/?e Ci/atfS Vdi themanh cua HSDTIN,cac em fjl yeu thich van nghe, bUdc vao gid hgc TPVC HS dang dtrang thai tan man, de dua cac em trove mot mpi quan tam chung dong thcri tao khdng khisoinoi
b i t dau cho gid hpc, GV edthe khuyd'n khich motsfi
em tham gia tietmuc van nghe, cdthllahat,docdan
ca cua dan tpc minh, hoac ndi mpt cau ndihay.bong bay ma em thudng the hien trong cac buoi sinh hoat van hda van nghe d dia phUffng, d cSu lac bg oua tardng cd ndi dung lien quan den bai hpcMacdii'ti/ti
va ngai giao tiep, nhung neu G V biet khuyen khich, phat huy sd trudng van nghecua cac em thi'HSseral tunhien.nhiettinh Cach lam nay ratphilhopvcdtap
ii HS dan tpc cung nhu dac diem ddi song van hba
cua cac em bdi vi du d nha hay dtrudng ngi tru, buoi
* Sd Giao dgc - €ao t^o tiiA Dak Uk
Trang 2hda tap trung
Chang han, khi day bai "Aidadatten cho dong
sdng^ cua Hoang Phu Ngpc Tudng GV khdi ddng
n h u s a u : T 6 c h u c c h o H S tham gia mgt trd chffi nhd
bang each: chia 4 day ban thanh 4 dpi; GV yeu cau
HS: Trong vdng 1 phut hay ke t6n nhdng bai hatve
Tay Nguyen cd ten ddng sdng; sau do ggi dgi dien
tdng nhdm d e k e ( v i d u HS se kebai SonpDikrdng
mua xuan veco sonqQakrong, Anh muon saig ben
em trgn ddi co sdng Xe xan, Co gai vdt chong cd
sonp Ba ); G V khoi goi them de HS mieu ta vai net
vean tuong ddng sdng que huong minh, t d d d b i t y
dediyaobai mdi 'Aidadatten cho dong song"
Bing suho trffcua edng nghethong tin, GVcung
cd the sddung eac trich doan bai hat, ten cac nhac
pham, goi nhac ve kien thdc nen cua HS degiup lip
huy ddng nhflng gi da cd cho viec TN bai hgc mdi
2.1.2 Kh& dgng gid hoc ft> von hieu biit cua HS
vecac nhan vatanh hiing oTayNguyen.BonQbao
DTIN Tay Nguyen cd net dac trung dang luu y dd la
su kinh trpng tuyet dd'i danh cho nhdng ngudi anh
hungcdcdngvdibotpcban lang,dat nudc(dieu nay
bit nguon td sutham nhuan su thi Tay NguySn, vdi
nhung ban anh hung ca ndi tiaig) Chinh vi vay, dong
bao DTIN thudng n h i c nhd con em minh ludn nhd
vahpo tap tam guong nhiSig vj anh hung dan tgc do
Tdvon hieu bietva niem t i n n a i ; c u a H S , G V c d t h e
huy dong, sddung, tao tam the'TN de giup cac em
tim hieu, t i ^ can ve nhung nhan vat anh hung hay
cac sang tac dam chat anh hung ca, trong so cac
TPVC d n h a tnidng
Vldu.khdiddn^baihgc rd/on^rcuaPham Ngu
Lao.GV b i t dau bang viec yeu cau HS keten nhung
ngudi anh hung vung dat Tay Nguyen ma cac em
biet (HS se ke ve No Trang Long, Dinh Nup, Y
Ng6ng, )GVgffiytiepdeHS CO thephathiai nhflng
cau nra,hanh ddng an tuong nhatcua eac em ve mgt
trong so nhung ngucri anh hung dd T d day, ngudi
day ket noi gifla niem tu hao, an tupnp sau s i c ve
nliung anh hi>ig lam rang danh manh dat Tay Nguyen
trong ftai ^m H S vdi biet bao nhflng con ngudi vTdai,
nhung khatvpng manh liet khac Cung nhu NoTrang
Lcmgvdichienthuat'llketminh gia", ngudi trai Pham
Ngu Lao da cd ndi tiien tdbao nhieu nam trudc khien
chung ta phai nghieng m inh kinh phuc
2.1.3 Khdi dgng gid hgc bang viec sddtjng cac
phuang ^n day htx hien daide phat huy die diem tu
duytrtJC quan cua HS D TIN TayNguyen.Bonq bao
DT!N Tay Nguyen hay di len nuffng, lam ray, chan
de, hai cui, Viec phac hpa dudng net don gian de ghi
suy nghT van de gi dd da trd thanh thdi quen h l n g ngay Tdthuc te nay, G V cd the van dung de ket hop vdi cac phuong tien kTthuat day hoc hien dai n h i m khffi gpi hdng thu, phat huy tri tudng ft/png cua HS khi budc vao TN TPVC
Trong dieu kien kinh te khd khan cua vung nui, khi
d a i trudng, cac em HS dan tpc mdi cdcohpidupc tiep xuc vdi cdng nghethong tin, duoc G V cung e ^ nhflng hinh anh, nhflng ttiudcphim vethien nhien, cuoc song vacon ngudi cae em cam thay het sue hdng thu, phan khdi Bing nhflng hinh anh, am thanh, mau sic tnJ2 quan sinh ddng, cac phuong tien kTthuat hien da cd the tac dgng cung mdt luc vao nhieu giac quan cua HS, khien cac em tap taingchuy, tam gatnhflng mdi quan tam ca nhan de budc vao bai hgc
Vi du: Khi day bai "Tay Tien "cua Quang Durig,
vdi s u h d tro eua cdng nghe thdng tin, GV suu tam
va cung cap cho HS qua man hinh chieu nhflng hinh anh nhu: Ban do dja danh, hinh anh vung nui diep tmng cua Tay B i c , hinh anh ddng sdng Ma, hinh anh eac chien sThanh quan, doan phim tulieu vdi bai hat "Doan ve qud'c quan" cua nhac sT Phan Huynh Dieu Tuy nhien, khdng phai khi vao gid hpc G V da dua ngay nhflng gi da chuan bj len man hinh vatrinh chieu cho HS,maphathuy vai trd chu ddng tich cue cua cac em, G V khdi ddng bat dau td chinh HS Cu the, G V yeu cau HS lua chgn, tudng tuong va phac ra giay hinh anh nui trung diep, hinh anh con sdng, hinh anhbg ddi hanh quan (HS cd the ve mpt con song bang hai net ve, ve nui diep tnJng b i n g 4 netve, hinh anh doan quan b i n g nhieu net ve ); tiep den GV yeu cau cae em cam bde tranh va md ta theo tri tudng tupng cua minh, tren
CO sd do, GV eung cap them nhflng chat lieu true quan sd'ng ddng tren man hinh de'HS cung cam nhan, dua HS vao khdng khi van chUffng cua bai 'Tay Tien"
2.1.4 Kh^'dong gid hoc td vdn hieu bietcua HS vevan hoa dan gian Tay Nguyen Van hda dan gian
Tay Nguyen ludn cdmdtsdc he^ din,dpc dao rieng, khien nhflng ai len vdi vung dat cao nguyen deu yeu men va say me Dd la nhflng nguon kien thdc quy bau, la vdn sdng trong hanh trang cua mdi HS The manh nay se phat huyhieu qua neu GVvan dyng de khdi ddng, tao tam the'TN choHSkhihgcTPVC.Doi vdi HS DTIN 0 cac trudng phd'thdng dan tdc npi tru lai cang cddieu kien thuan Igi de thuc hien hinh thdc nay, vi dtrudng cac em duffc trang bj cac loai nhac cy: chieng niirn, chieng bang, dan tre, dan ong, dan da ; cac Ioai trang phuc cua dan tde Day chinh la
Tap chi Giao due so 382 47
Trang 3dongkhoidong
' Vi du: Khi hoc "Chien thang va Mtao Mxay" (Inch
SiithiBam San), GV hi/ong dan HS chuan bj mgt
vai cai chieng, mot vai bg trang phuc, vathem mgt it
dung eu l(hae Khil<hoid6ng gidhgc, GV cho HS hoa
trang tiianh chang Bam San, ngt/cii dong kho, lung
deo xa gac, lay cam chieng va go mgt hoi, mgt HS
khac doc long led binh ve He'ng chieng duoc trich dan
tOtvan ban.Tukhong khi lop hoc hien tai, GV dadua
HS d m va khong khiciia van cliuong bang von song,
hieu bietcua HS vevan hoa dan gian dan tge minh
Tilmottam thetich cue vanhOng huy donp ban dau
von lieng hieu bietcua HS co lien quan den bai hpc,
HS se duge GV Sep tuc huong dan de kien tao van
ban blng viae sudyng toan bpcon ngudi van hoa cua
m inh de TN eau clio, c i t nghTa, binh gia, "lay hon toi
de hieu hon ngucf
2,2, Huy dmg kien thiic nen cua HS DTIN
Tay Nguyen deklen tao y nghia van ban
2,2.1 Tao iretnoiHen van ban qua hoat dong so
sffl7/?ran/joc.M6(van ban luon ton taitrong mgt "truong"
gin vdi nhung van ban khae vi ban chat ciia viet la doi
thoai, giao Hep Van ban khi divao hoatdgng TN eung
sekeotheo hang loatnhi/ng van ban khac tuy thuoc
vao hieu bietva van lioa cua nguoi dgc Hoat dgng so
sanh van hge nhan vao eac ket noi lien van ban M6I
Vein ban vura dgc dao, khong lap lai, la eai nhin duy
nhat vo thS' glcti cua nha van (NV), nha tho, nhung
dongthcri van chuong con CO tinh nhan loai, eonhijng
diem gap g5, tuong dong So sanh van hgc giup dgc
gia nhan ra cai Chung va rieng, diem khac bletvagap
g5, tilrdo hieu sau sac hon platn cua sang t^e minh
dang tim hieu Mgtkhibltdau.tu'mgtgoedgvan hoa,
mgtquan niem dao diic hay mgtan dy trong van ban,
tinh ehat lien van ban cua viec dgc se cang luc dan
Chung tadixavadi sau trongsu phan lich.Ool tugng
HS DTIN ciTay Nguyen co von van hoa dan gian het
siic phong phu va da dang, vi vay GV can khai thac
uu di'm nay khi day TPVC trong nha trudng nhjm
khai thac von hieu biet cua HS de bo sung eho bai
hgc, tao nen suTN phong phu, da dang va hieu qua
hon Chang han, khi tim hieu ngi dung bai 'Ca dao
than than, ca dao yeu thuang, tinh nghia', HS b j t
gap nhiing cau ea thiet tha, nhflng ldi to tinh cua cac
Chang traico gai dan gian tiat manh liet, tao bao: ( / *
gisong rong mot gang/Bac ciu daiyem cho chang
sanp Choi; Co Ida diing a ben song/Mudn sang anh
njacan/i/jonjctosanp.CanOi nhd den thao thiic,
khac khoai, noi au lo phap phong mong cho dugc
dien dattrong nhung tnjng diep eau chu: 'Khan thuang
481 Tup chi Gido due so 382
phien? Lo vi mot ndi khong yen mdibe: HS DTIN
Tay Nguyen se cam nhan nhQng Seng to long, nliijng cung bac cam xiic nghTa tinh muon dieu ay tot han nhieu ne'u nhuGV giup hgkich hgatkilnjiutnen Je tao ra nhung so sanh van hgc Co phai ehi coco gal nguoi Kinh trong ea dao mdi thuong nhd den khat
'Nhdaibdihdibdihdi-Nhudiingddnglih,r\tiunga ddng than'l So sanh van hgc giup HS DTIN Tay
Nguyen nhan ra Idi ehang trai Gia R a i t h d ^ khiia
each ngirdi yeu: Cham phai con dudngjmi anh ti
njng/Cham phai con dudng mdntm ai^migixlag
Ldi td tinh manh liet cua co gal n g u M a : iote
nga anh dat mai toe xoan/Beem vedem ihmg ngaynhd/Em mudn dm anh vao tnrdcngiii:/Ninidiia; dap tam chan em
Ldi td tinh mgc mac cija Chang trai^-de:>1n/ii/iic/i
em nhuca thich nudc/Anh thich em nhutiicti ti tren canh/Anh thich rau dning dudi thac Hlng
Va Idl td tinh tao bao manh l i t vo Cling cua CO gal
M'H6ng:L/dcgihdnien trananh/l/i^gihdnlenm anh/lfdcgichung minh duac
ngtjchung, HS DTIN Tay Nguyen senhan ratiihoatdpngso sanh ay nhung cam xiie muon thud eua con ngirS dudng nhii khong cdbiio vach vedan tpc, vethfiigar, nqdn ngu Vdn lieng van hge dan tgc ciJa HS la cau no degluphgtim thay diem quen thugc giiia nhung gimii me,lalam.Nhuthe,tacsLrketngillenvanbanquahoal dgng so sanh van hgc khcng dimg lai dsiital hiSn kim thuc nen HS da ecmanguc* hge phai tir cluy,camta
de nhin thay suthdng nhat vakhae biet cung nhu the hien nhung chinh kien gan vdi dcri sdng hl§n thut va quan diem nhan sinh cua ban than
2.2.2 Tao dif doan, suy iu$n vi van ban lit A thirc nen cda HS T i i gdc do phuong phap day hoc,
gia tri eua eac dudoanmadgc gia thuc hipn trong q ^ triing khit hay khdng tning vdi each kien glal ciia N y Trong (jua trinh doe, GV nen khuyen khich HS^U doan tat canhung kha nang cdthexayra.miln la i p tren nhifng can eu' nhat djnh nao dd Di/(Iofc,l|i eho dgc thue s u la mgt qua trinh nhan thiic, cam Ihil tieh cue, tao ra nhflng "vdng sdng den vd ciing'cua nhflng ketdet cai bieu dat-cai dudc bilu dattrongvan chuang Boi sanh gifla du doan cua HS va nhiitiS dieu thue suxay ra trong piian tiep tdi cua van banco
the trd thanh nhung ehu de thu vi khi thao kian «l
nghlaTP.ve nghe thuat ket cau eua NV.Vdiyan ban van chuong, doc gia edn phai bietdgc giiia cao*19' dgc radieuNVcdydjnh thdng bao tdi dgc gia nhung
Trang 4ve dgc hieu xac djnh dd la each dgc suy luan B e du
dean hayjjgc suy luan, mgtmat HS phai dua vao cac
manh mdi trong van ban ma tac gia cung cap nhu
mdt "dau vao" quan trgng Mat khac,'dgc gia phai tich
cue hoat hoa va s i i dung nhflng tri thue cd trudc ciia
hg ve cuoc sdng, con ngudi, ve nhflng trai nghiem
trong eudc ddi, nhflng kinh nghiem tham mT trong
nghe thuat Bdi le suy luan trong van chuong khdng
bao gid la chuyen thuan li, mdt chieu, cdn ed nhflng
logic khac ciia ddi sd'ng, ciia nghe thuaC [1: tr 34)
Tudng minh hda nhflng dieu nay segiup ban dgc HS
DTIN Tay Nguyen hieu rang dgc van la dieu cd the'
hcc duac, va hge bSng chinh nhflng trai nghiem ddi
sd'ng, trai nghiem van hgc thudng ngay ciia hg Cung
nhu hoat ddng sang tac da dugc ven bflc man bian,
than bi hda,^hoat ddng doe van cung can phai duge
m[nh giai de tranh hieu ntiu mdt nang luc hoan toan
bam sinh,trdiphu
Vidahuang d i n HS DTIN Tay Nguy§n tao suy
luan tii kien thflc nen duoc g d len qua hoat ddng dge
van ban "Chiee thuyen ngoai xa" cua Nguydn Minh
Chau (N^irvan 12): Khi n g u d dan ba dugc mdi den
|ga_andegiaiquyetvlecgiadinh,chanhanBauviqua
phin no tnidc hanh dgng eua lag dan dng, sir cam chju
nhjn nliuc khon khd'cua ngudi dan ba, dudng nhu da
quen mat'Vaf eiia minh khingay lap tuc 'Vao de": 'Ba
ngay mot tran nhe, nam ngay mot tran nang Canudc
khdngcdmdtnguc^chdngnaonhuhin.Tdichiiahdi
t^cua hSnma tolchimum bao ngay vdichi: Chi khong
sdng na vdiiao dan ong vuphu ay dau! Chi nghi the
nao?" The'nhung.batngdia ngudi dan ba lai'Van lay"
dequytda "tfun^fair con/?o/7d'.Cau chuyen chjketiep
theo dd da lam cho nhan vat ciia chiing ta nhan thay:_
'MotcaigivOa vara trong dau oua v/Bao Cong phd
/iuyer7vun5iJ/is/i''.NVeh?vie'tcd the Tham tham ham
ngdn cdn lai eua nhiing gi 'Vua v8 ra trong dau cua vj
Bao Cdng"ay thugc ve khanang dgc suy luan cOa dgc
g i i f l u g e hudng d i n , HS DTIN Tay Nguyen cd the'
cam n h i n biet bao dieu an sau mdt eau mieu ta, binh
luan cua NV Dau "vd" ra dieu gi ve ngudi dan ba
haing chai dang d trudc mat anh? Chj ta cd phai la
ngudi hoan toan u me, nhjn nhue, bj ddng trudc hoan
canh?Cdn lao dan dng niia, laota lieu ed phai ehila tgi
nhan de cho mdt vj quan tda nhuanh hdi tdi b l n g
cong li, hay lao eung ed nhung uan khiic rat dang
• trach, ritdangth uong? Roi thing be Phac-ealmam
cay ciing cdi ma non ndt kia se Idn len the nao? Roi
nhflng "vd ra"ve chinh ban than minh - minh ed non
ndt, duy li qua trudc mgt cude sd'ng bdn be phiic tap
va c h l n g chit nhflng rang budc vo hinh kia chang?
m2-5/2016)
dieu gi ve moi quan he gifla dieu dang nhin va cai duge nhin thay hay khdng?, Nhung suy luan lam nen chieu sau trong cam thu van hgc eua HS nhu the.mdtmatdentiivan ban cua tac gia,mdtmat dugc van ban ggi ra tuhanh trang song eua HS ve nhflng tinh hudng phiie tap hg tflng trai qua d cude ddi be bgn xung quanh, d nhflng gi hg tflng duge ehiing kie'n trong nhirng gia dinh bat hanh, tan vd,
Du doan, suy luan trong cam thy van chuong khdng gid'ng nhu trong khoa hgc tu niilen ehi thuan tiiy tren cd s d tu duy logic ma ijdi hdi nang luc lien tudng, tudng tuong tha'm mT eua ngud' hgc Trong qua trinh day hgc, de phat huy vai trd chu the ciia ngudi hge, GV I<h6ng tudng lugng, lien tuong thay chp HS ma chi hudng d i n , goi md de' HS tu lien tudng, tudng tugng b l n g kha nang tu duy va cam xiie ciia ehinh minh, b l n g chinh vdn kie'n thiic nen cua cac em HS dan tgc cd dae trung ve kha nang lien tudng, tudng tudng cu the, cam tinh, hon nhien GV can van dung kha nang nay de gliip cac em tham nhap vao TPVC, tao nen nhflng dudoan, suy luan viia giau tinh sang tao, vua diing d i n , sau s i c , tim ra ynghTava gia trj ciia TP
2.2.3 Tao ketnacd tinh ti/truyen cua HS vdi van
6an cung la mdt each thuc ticii cue tida vai trd ban dgc
HS tren c d s d huy ddng kie'n thirc nen eua cac em Day la bien phap nham giiip HS cd cd hgi suy nghT sau hon veTP, tao them mgtphuong thfle ketndicd
y nghia thuc tegiOaHSvaTP.Co ehetamli cua bien phap nay la khi HS dge van ban se batgap tinh hudng cua nhan vat trong van ban eddiem gap gdvdi nhting tinh hudng trong cude sd'ng ma HS da tiing trai qua hoac tiing Chung kie'n,lu'ddcd sullen he vdi ban than Sugapgdnaysetao ra mdi quan hetac dgng qua lai gifla tinh hudng, sii kien eiia nhan vat trong TP vdi suy nghT, trai nghiem ciia ban than HS HS se ed phan ling tam li "nhap vai" vao nhan vat de tai hidn nhflng trai nghiem tam li eiia chinh minh Su nhap vai, hoa than trong tn;dng hgp nay khdng chi la lien tudng, tudng tugng ma cdn la su hdi ludng Su hdi tudng ddtao nen ketndigiiia nhan vatva HS, qua dd,
HS sesuy nghT, danh gia,cam nhan vetinh hudng dd vdl tam tiie' la eau chuyen cua chinh m inh Liic nay, tinh hudng eiia nhan vat trong TP se khdng cdn n i m ngoai masethude ben trong suy nghT, cam nhan, va cau ehuyen ciia nhan vatsetrgthanh "tiitruyen"cua
HS Trcng tam the'TN nay, HS se ed nhirng gdc nhin, each danii gia, cam nhan tinh hudng tnjyen nhieu ehleu vasau sac hon HSse hoi tudng each xiili tinh hudng ciia ban than minh, sau dd so sanh vdi tinh
Tap chi Gido due so 382 I 49
Trang 5nhan vat Hanh ddng lien he va so sanh ddse tao nen
su ket ndi, tac ddng qua lai giua H S vdi TP
Ve phia minh, khi lien he vdl tinh hudng va each
xulitinh hudng eua nhan vat, HSse cdthem mdt kinh
nghiem sdng,ed them cdlididenhinnhSn,danh gia
tinh tiud'ngdgdc nhin eiia NV-ngudi cd kinh ngll lem
sd'ng, quan diem vacach tu duy giai quyet cac van de
ciia eudc sdng mdt each sau sac Ne'u each xir li tinh
hudng trong thue te, hoac theo de xuat suy nghT cua
HScd tinh tich cue thise la can cfl, CO sddeHS danh
giaTP mdt each day du, chinh xaeva sau sIc.Bdng
thdi, linh liud'ng xirii cua nhan vat trong TP tieh eye
dd se ed anh hudng de'n HS giup HS cd the dieu
chinh hanh vi cua minh trong thuctecugc song
Viec kich Ihich hdi ludng khdng phai la phan chinh
cua bien phap nay madieu quan trgng lasuthao luan
sau piian hdi tudng ay, va viee tu nhan thirc ciia HS
sau khi so sanh thuc te trai ngiiiem va tinh hudng
trong van ban GV iiich thich, dan dat, khoi ggi cho
HS nhdiai, lien he vdl nhflng githuctecac em da trai
qua, da chiing kie'n, da bietva so sanh vdi TP de cd
the'TN mdt each sau s i c , chan thue Khuyen khich
da xij li hoac da quan sat dugc, tranh bj chj phdi bdi
tinh hudng vacach xiiiitrong TP.Besau moi bai hgc,
ben canh nhiing giatrj tham mT, tu tudng nghe thuat,
TPVC cdn mang den cho HS mgt gia trj vd ciing thiet
thyc, dd la nhflngbal hgc ve cupc sd'ng, vetinh ddi va
tinh ngudi say sic,giau chat nhan van
Vidu: Hpe TP 'Chiec thuyen ngoai xa' eiia
Nguyin Mint; Chau, khitim hieu tinh hud'ng Phiing
chflng kid'n eanh ngudi chdng vii phu danh vgminh
mdt each da man,GVedthedatmgtsdcau hdi khoi
ggi su hdi tudng, ke't ndi cd tinh "tutruyen" ciia HS
b i t gap tint) hud'ng bao hanh gia dinh nhuthenay
ctiua?;-Ne'ucdthicamglaceuaemlueddnhuthe'
nao?;-Em da xu lira sao? Hoac gia sii em otrong
tinhhudVigddthlemsexulinhuthe'nao?;-Taisao
emlaixiHinhuvay?Camxucvathaidgciiaemluc
do nhu the nao? Sau khi HS tra Idi cau hdi, tren co
so nhflng tra Idi ddGV ciing HS danh gia each xuli
tinh hud'ngcua nhan vat Phung trong TP, so sanh
vdi each xir licuaHS deed the de xuatva xac dinh
iihflng hudng giai quyet tinh hud'ng thieh hdp, cd
ciia HS, vfla dua TP de'n gan vdi thuc t i l n cude
sdng ciia HS hon nfla
Bdi vdi HS DTIN Tay Nguyen, tao ke't ndi cdtinh
tu tmyen trong day hge TPVC se la bien phap ed y
50 I r q p chi Gido due so 382
dan sau sle.macdn la eon dudng lam giau thSra von sd'ng, vd'n hie'u biet xa hdi g d ^ phan phattiienlufc, djnh hudngtu duy dephattriln kTnang sdiig.klnanj hdi nhap va tu giai quyet cac tinh hud'ng Irong cuoc sd'ng mdtcach nhan van vasau sic hon
2.2.4 Viettiephoacvietiaimotphanvmbktieii cam nhan rieng cua HS Khuyen khieh HS dua vao
nhiing TP da hgc de'sangtag, viftliep hoac viellaimol phan van ban theo each cam nhan rieng cua rriinh, phii hgp vdi van hda, n ^ sdng cua ddng bao dan toe giiip ngudi hge d l hie'u, d l cam nhan ddng thdi phat huy kha nang sang tao cua cae em la viee lam ratco
y nghia
Siia ddi suviec, datnhanvatvao bdi canh khac, to chue Idi thoai khae, hoac bd'sung them sukien,tinh hudng vao cd't truyen, them hanh dgng, 1^'noi, suy nghT chg nhan vat, viet doan ket eho TP, phu hgp vcfl hoan eanh sdng cua HS dan tde viing TayNguyeii, deu la nhflng bien phap khoi day hiing thii dpc vaUiiic day HS Cling sang tao vdi NV Cach lam nay vt]alhe hien thai dpTN ciia HS vdi nhflng giNV da sang t40 vua bde Idnhiing quan niem nhan sinh,tham mimcrt, nhflng kie'n giai mdi eua ban dgc nhatrudng
GV cd the dat ra cac tinh hud'ng, yeu cau iI§'HS thyc hien hoatddng nay, vi dy: - Ne'u dupc phep vl^
lai eai ket ciia Chi Pheg, em se vidt nhu thi nao?;
- Hay viet tiep cau chuyen An Duong Vuong va Mj Chau - Trgng Thuy theo each suy nghT cua d§n t^c em Ngoai ra, GV cd the hudng din cho HS sang tac tho, Viet bai binh luan van hgc hoac nhan xet, binh gia eac TP nghe thuat da hgc dugc chuyS'n IhSlil sang tae van hgc Thue te da cho thay nhieu HS tmng hgc phe'tiidng da sdm bde Id nang khieu thff van tunhung vd'n kie'n thiic, vd'n sdng vakinh ngh^m tham mTciia minh Viet lai, viet tiep met phan van ban theo cam nhan ciia HS la mdthinh thiic kich thich sir sangtaodHS.SangtaccuacacemcothehayhoSJ ddcung deu la su the hien, giai bay nhflng cam nghi chii quan eiia ngudi viet Do dd, cd the chuyfe hoa hinh thirc sang tao nghe thuat nay thanh mpt bl?n phap day hgc de thue day va ptiat huy ccn ngirSbjn dgc trgng HS Cach thflc nay cd the ket hop vdi cac sinh hoat ngoai khoa van hgc, eac cau lac bpthovan tudi hge trd
3 k e t luan ,'g
Kie'n thflc nen se tham gia vao loan bo glSiioo TPVC GV can nhan thflc dugc mang kie'n Ihiic nen nao la themanh, mang kie'n thiic nen nao la b | [ ^