ITlNeWNlNGHlEIICIIUI Thifc trang lap ke hoach hoc tap trong sinh vien dai hoc Y Ha Npi va mot sd''''ydu td''''anh hffdng Nguyin Vin Huy(*),Dao Thi Minh An(**),Giang Thach Thio(***) Muc tiiu Md td thUc trang[.]
Trang 1Thifc trang lap ke hoach hoc tap
trong sinh vien dai hoc Y Ha Npi
va mot sd'ydu td'anh hffdng
Nguyin Vin Huy(*),Dao Thi Minh An(**),Giang Thach Thio(***)
Muc tiiu: Md td thUc trang lap ki hoach hgc tdp (LKHHT), kiin thiic thdi dg vd khd ndng LKHHT cua SV DHYHN ndm 2(X)9-2010 vd m^t sdyiu td dnh hudng PhUOng phdp: nghien cdu mo td cdt ngang sUt dung phUOng phdp dinh luang (bd cdu hdi tU dien co hudng dan) trin 421 SV da khoa DHYHN Kit qud: Tl H chung SV cd hdnh vi LKHHT khd cao, tuy nhien tl H thudng xuyin LKHHT trong ndm hgc qua vd ndm hgc hiin tai thd'p, nhung cd xu hUdng tdng ddn, cao nhdt d Y6 Ti li SV thuc hien ddy du 4 ky ndng LKHHT thdp (-25%) Ti H SVcd kii'n thiic chung vi LKHHT cao (-96%), tuy nhiin ti li Ird ldi diing cd 8 cdu hdi thdp (<23%) Tt li chung SV co thai d0 tich cUc vdi hdnh vi LKHHT(-98%) Tuy nhien vdn cd tdi 34% SV cho rdng "Ne'u bgn dd hgc tdt cdc mdn thi khdng cdn thiet phdi ldp kihogch" Khd ndng (tix nhdn thiic) cua SV dudng nhu khong song hdnh vdi kiin thdc
vd thdi d^ tdt cua hg 2 yiu tdkiin thiic vd khd ndng LKHHT co liin quan din hdnh vi LKHHT, tuy nhiin thdi d^ lien quan khong cd y nghTa thd'ng ki vdi hdnh vi LKHHT Khuyi'n nghi: cd nhiing hogt d0ng dinh hudng nham tra giiip SV thuc hdnh LKHHT cd hiiu qud - td chiic cdc khod hgc dinh hudng, cdc h0i thdo chuyin di vi phuang phdp hoc tdp vd LKHHT cho SV, dgc biit Id SV ndm ddu khi hg mdi vdo trudng Ngodi ndng cao kiin thiic vd tdng cUdng thdi dd tich cUc, cdn cung cdky ndng vd khd ndng cua SV thong qua cdc ca h^i ihuc hdnh LKHHT Cd cdc nghiin ctiu can thiep di khSng djnh vai trd cua thdi dg ddi vdi hdnh vi LKHHT - cdn kit hgp hoi vd quan sdt cdc kehogch hoc tdp cua SV (bdn ghi bdn ki hogch, ljch thdi gian ) de kit qud chinh xdc han
Td khda: Sinh vien (SV), Ldp ki hoach hgc tdp (LKHHT) Dai hgc Y Hd Noi (DHYHN)
Study planning and its determinants among students in Hanoi Medical University Nguyen Van Huy (•), Dao Thi Minh An ("), Giang Thach Thao (•••)
Objective: To describe a status, linowledge attitude, self-efficacy and determinants about study planning among students of Hanoi Medical University (HMU) during 2009-2010 period Methodology: a cross-sectional study using quantitative approach (self-administered questionnaire v,;th a careful gu.de) to 421 HMU students Results: the overall proportion of students having study Pl'"'">''Sl>ehav,or,srelativelyhlgh.However.lheproportionhavingfrequentstudyplanningduring the past year and the current year is modest, and it lends to increase across academic years (highest ,n the 6th year) The proportion of practicing altogether 4 planning skills is low (-25%) The overall
Trang 2proportion of students having knowledge on study planning is high (-96%), but Ihe proportion having correct responses to all 8 items of knowledge is less than 23% The overall proportion with positive attitudes is also high (-98%); however, up to 34% stated that "ifa student studied well all the past topics, it would not be necessary to make any planning for study" Students' self-efficacy appears not
in parallel with their knowledge and attitude level Two factors - knowledge and self-efficacy are associated with study planning behavior, whilst attitude is not Recommendations: it is necessary to arrange orientation activities to support students in practicing study planning - orientation short courses and seminars on study methods and planning, especially when students just enter ihefirst academic year of HMU Apart from improving knowledge and positive attitudes, it is important to enhance students' self-efficacy through arranged opportunities for students to practice study planning Further research using intervention design is needed to help confirm the role of attitude related to study planning behavior - combining questions and observations on study plan notes of students such as study notes, time table, study schedule, timeline notes, etc in order to achieve research results of higher accuracy
Key words: Student, study planning behavior, Hanoi Medical University
T i c gia:
(*) ThS Nguyen Van Huy: Giang vien Bp mon To chile va Quan ly Y td - Khoa YTCC - Dai hoc Y Ha Noi Di^n thoai: 0438 523798 (ext 222) hoic 0917363919 Email: nvanhuy®yahoo,com
(*•) TS D^o Thi Minh An' Giang vien 36 mon Djch t l hoc - Khoa YTCC - Dai hoc Y Hi Noi
Di^n thoai: 38.523798 hoSc 0912512189 Email: daothiminhan@yahoo.com
(*••) BS Giang Thach Thao: Bdc si Da khoa tdt nghifip khda 2004-2010 Dien ihoar 0973287495
Email ihachthaoOOOOO@yahoo.com
1 D$t vS'n ad
L 4 p k d h o a c h (LKH) l i mdt ho^t d p n g quan
trpng trong nhieu Ilnh vrfc khoa h o c H i n h vi L K H
drfdc thrfc hign d cac mtfc dp k h i c nhau trong edng
vide v i hoc lap [15], quydt dinh ldi hieu qua ciia
e d n g v i g e [ l ] T r o n g mdi trtfdng dai hpe y, viee ed
dtfde thdi q u e n v i ky n i n g lap k d hoach l i mpl thdi
q u e n ra^l quan trpng vl mdi trrfSng hpe t i p ed nhieu
i p Irfe hdn so vdi eac trtfdng dai hpe k h i c - thdi gian
hpe, s d m d n hpe va khdi ltfdng kidn thrfc can Hnh
hdi l i ri't Idn Tuy nhidn, mpt s d n g h i d n cffu tren the
gidi da cho tha'y nhieu SV v i n cdn chffa quan tam
v i ed thdi q u e n LKH [15, 19]
T r d n t h d gidi, m^c du da cd nhflng nghien crfu
v l h a n h vi l a p k e hoach hoc l | p (LKHHT) ciia SV,
nhffng p h i n ldn chl tim hidu thrfc trang h i n h vi
L K H H T Clia SV ma chrfa chi ra c i c ydu i d anh
hrfdng ddn h i n h vi L K H H T eiia SV CJ Viet N a m ,
c i c nghidn ctfu trrfdc d l y d c i c trffdng dai hpe y,
p h i n ldn e i e t i c gia thffdng di s i u nghien cffrf ve
h i n h vi hiit thudc la, h i n h vi sff dung rffdu hay srf Iffa chpn vigc l i m v i nhffng mong ffdc nghe nghigp cua SV khi ra trrfdng Trong khi dd h i n h vi L K H H T , kie'n thffc, thai dd, kha nang va c i c yeu t d l i d n quan tdi L K H H T van eon l i mpt chu d l nghien cffrf il dffde quan tam Nghidn cffu nhkm:
1 Md ta thtfc trang lap k d hoach hpe l i p , kidn thrfc, t h i i dp va kha n i n g L K H H T eiia SV da khoa
D a i hoc Y H i Npi (DHYHN) n i m 2009-2010
2 Md ta e i c ydu to' anh htfdng ddn h i n h vi
L K H H T c u a SV da khoa D H Y H N n i m 2009-2010 Tren ed sd dd nghidn cffu se d l xua't mpt sd kien nghi nhSm giiip SV thtfc hidn mpt c i c h cd higu qua
h i n h vi L K H H T
Trang 32, Phtfdng phap nghidn ci}u
2.1 Thiit ke nghien cdu:
Nghien cffu md la eat ngang sff dung phffdng
phip dinh Iffdng
2.2 ThM gian vd dia diem:
Thdi gian nghien cffrf: tff 7/2009-6/2010, Ihdi
gian dieu tra: 9/2009-12/2009 tai trffdng DHYHN
2.3 Bd'i tU0ig vd cd mdu:
Ddi Iffdng: SV DHYHN tff YI ddn Y6, ehpn
mlu nglu nhien hg thdng theo cdng thffc linh ed
mau nglu nhien ciia To chffc Y id The gidi
(TCYTTG) phan mim phien ban 2.0
(Z^^2)P(1-P)N
d^(N-I) + (Z^^_)P(l-P)
Trong dd: Cl=95% li khoang tin cly ffng vdi
ngffdng ^ nghia ihdng ke a=5%; Z=l,96 ffng vdi
ngffdng a tren; P=0,20 la ly lg ffdc doan cd 20% cd
hinh vi LKHHT (tff kel qua nghign crfu ihff nghidm
trrfdc nghien crfu chinh thffc); dd chinh xie tuyet ddi
(d) = 0,036; dp chinh xie Irfdng ddi (e) = 0,18;
N=3145 li long sdSV 6 khdi dai hoc ciia DHYHN
[5]; thay sd U'nh dffde n=413 Lay dff 5% mlu
nghign effu de dff trii cic phieu dien khong dly dii
hoac khdng dat yeu clu, cd mlu cudi cilng li 421
Theo danh sich SV da khoa ciia 6 khdi cd tit ca
3145 SV, vdi cd mau 421 ta cd vdi khoing each
k=7.4, lay Irdn li 7, chpn ngau nhien SV dau lidn,
sau dd chpn SV thff 2 cich SV trffde li 7 eho den khi
ehpn dffde 421 SV Dinh dau SV nay, vi gap gd eie
S V tai gid hpe d giang dffdng de thu thap sd lieu
2.4, Ky thuat vi cdng cu thu thap thdng lin: Bp
eau hdi dilu tra drf(?c ihidt kddtfa theo bp clu hdi
tim hidu cic ydu td anh hffdng den hanh vi con
ngtfdi cua lie gia Craig \ a CS( 1984), Misovich vi
CS (1989) Bryan vi CS (2001) [12-14], Bp cau hdi
dffde thff nghigm (pretest) trrfdc khi dieu tra chinh
thffc Sau pretest, bp can hdi drf^c sffa ddi de ngdn
ngff phii hpp vdi vin hoi va bdi canh Viet Nam Dp
lin ely eiia eic hang mue cau hoi trong bp clu hdi
drfdc kidm djnh bang he sd Cronbach's alpha Kdt
qua pretest cho thay hg sd eua hlu hdt cic thang do
li >0.70, dieu niy eho ihay thang do cd dp tin c|y
chap nh|n drfdc [11]
2.5 Xd ly vd phdn tich sd'lieu:
Nhap li?u bing SPSS 11,5 xff Iy va phan iich bing phan mem STATA 9.0 sff dung phffdng phap
thdng kg md la (Vc TB SD Min Max tan suat
bidu do, v.v phuc vu cho muc tieu 1 va cic ihong
kd suy luan x2 <so sanh eac ty le): test Trend va Jonekheere (kiem dinh xu hffdng LKHHT theo nam hpe); tffdng quan Pearson (kiem dinh cac itfOng quan giffa cic cap bien so de phuc vu id hdp cac yen
id [kinh idxa hoi (KTXHi kidn thrfc thii do kha ning vi hanh vi LKHHT] He so'Cronbach's aipha: kiem dinh dp tin cay ben trong cua cae ihang do Iffdng Hdi quy logistic kiem dinh cho muc lieu 2 ve lim hieu cic ydu to'anh hrfdng ddn hanh vi LKHHT Thdng ke "Biprobil" dtfdc sff dung de kiem dinh linh thich hi?p cua mo hinh da bien cua cac phtfdng Irinh hdi quy De phan lich cac ydu lo'Iien quan, yeu
id tinh trang KTXH drfdc id hdp tff 4 bien: nghe cha nghlme,khu vtfc-ndng ihdn hay thanh thj, va mffe tiln sinh hoat; kie'n thffc id hdp iff 8 bien ihanh phin, thii dp to hdp iff 21 bie'n kha nang tff 7 bien bidn nam hoc dtfdc ma hoa 3 nam dau la Ova 3 nam cudi l i 1; va hinh \i LKHHT id hdp iff 3 bidn: LKHHT nim qua nam hien tai vi ndi chuyen vdi ban bd vl LKHHT Y nghla ihd'ng ke (YNTK) 6 mrfc p < 0,05
2.6 Bao ddc trong nghien cdu:
Nghien cffu drfdc Phong Dao tao Dai hoc DHYHN dong y cho inen khai nghien cffu \a sinh vien trf nguyen tham gia sau khi dtfdc giai (hieh ro I^ do va muc dich nghien cffu Thdng tin ve ddi Irfdng nghign cffu se drfdc dam bao giff bi mil va khdng ghi tdn sinh \ien trong ba( cff lai lieu nghien cffu nao
3 Kdt qua nghien cii'u
3.1 Bac diem chung ve ddi tUdiig nghien cvtu
Nhdm ddi trfdng iham gia nghien cffu phan phdi tffdng ddi dong deu ve gidi va giffa cac khoi vdi nhau Hlu hdt SV tham gia nghien crfu la dan Ipc Kinh va khdng theo ton giao vdi (i le nghe nghiep eua cha me lim cac nginh nghe lao dong phd ihong nhieu hdn la eong nhan vien chffc Ndi dinh cff 6 eac ihanh pho, thi xa thap hdn so vdi viing ndng (hon Tong so'lien sinh boat rfiing binh nhan dffde iff gia dinh va cac ngudn khic li 1,36 (rieu dong (SD=0.79)
Trang 43.2 Thtfc trqng Mnh vi LKHHT, kii'n thic,
Ihdido, khi ndng LKHHT Irong SV Bfi
HQC Y Ha Noi ndm hoc 2009-2010
3.2.1 Thtfc trang hdnh vi LKHHT trong sinh
viin Bgi Hoc Y Hd Nfi
Bang 1 S&liiifng ki ndng sii dung trong LKHHT
Bang 2 Kien thUc vi LKH vd LKHHT
Stf liAftU ki ninfi sA don)! Irong qui Irinh LKHHT
stfsv
Tile 5
0
4
0,95
1
6 3
14.96
2
163
5S,72
3
K-20.67
4
KM
24.70
Trong dd kJ nang a) Xie dinh mue tieu, ydu
cau, npi dung, thdi han: ky nang b) Xie dinh cich
ihffe thffc hign viec hpe tap; ky ning c) Xem xet
dinh gii kdl qua hoc t^p drfa tren KHHT da de ra,
vi ky ning d) Xie dinh nhffng ngudn Irfe cho hoan
thanh KHHT
Nhiln xet: Nhin chung trung binh mdi SV thrfc
hign dtfdc 2,5 ky ning trong sd 4 ky nang
(SD=1.04) Ndu linh % Irong sd4ki nang neu ra,li
1^ SV sff dung ki nang xie dinh muc tigu, yeu cau
npi dung thdi han cho KHHT l i eao nhat, ehiem
77,43% Tl lg thffc hinh ca 4 ky nang chi ehiem
24,70%.,
Ve mffe dd thffc hign thtfdng xuyen cic hanh vi
LKHHT (khdng trinh bay bang sdlieu d dly) trong
khi ti Id SV ed dff dinh LKHHT trong thdi gian tdi
d cic thdi diem trong trfdng lai vi ty le cd banh vi
LKHHT long hdp deu cao hdn 70% thi ti le SV
Ihrfdng xuyen ed hanh vi LKHHT trong nam hoc
niy vi nim hoc qua, eung nhrf thrfdng xuydn thuydt
phuc ban bd LKHHT diu tha'p hdn rd rgl <30% SV
c6 xu hrfdng thrfc hidn LKHHT trong nam qua \ i
nim hign lai deu cd xu hffdng tang din tffdng li^g
li tff 24.59% de'n 43.24*7^ (ddi vdi nam qua) va tff
27,8% de'n 45,9% (ddi vdi nam hoc hien lai), vdi
kidm dinh xu hffdng (Trend lest vi Jonekheere) deu
cd p<0,01 (Khdng trinh bay bang sd lieu d day)
3.2.2 Kiin thdc vS LKH vd LKHHT cua SV
Nhin xdt: Kidn thffc vl cac khia eanh khie nhau
ciia LKH vi LKHHT ciia SV khi tdt, hlu he't deu
tren 90%, rieng cau hdi sd 5 va sd 6 eo ti le thap
nhat 50.12% vi 60.57% tffdng ffng
3.2.3 Thai dg ve LKHHT cHa SV (Khdng trinh
bdy so liiu d ddy)
Thii dp eiia SV ve eic khia canh khac nhau ddi
CJulnidDlBn
1 Kehoadi lllfphqrcii;li^i±dDn£ diKKsipicplbeoDinhni
2 Kf bcadi IJi cd bia gJDiihai bin, a|u&n Mc 11 nuc didi cu Ihf
i TicogLKHcd mdl KiialdibKDT4>ipi^>*i>i<I^ Ilnh: hitn muc
4 Moi my B£)uinli1ichoc£ubDi-hflQdJ(^idtl&in£llraDEdh1i
gaa nS' ata li hidi dong LKH
5 Qui iriob LKHHT biduphSbdi yfu lo llm Ii
6 KHHT khdng a n fafmil»,dilli chinh
7 Khi LKHHT ban kbtiofdi/bao Bilttcka qui ci hoc lip
S LKHHT s«gmp ban kfT hdp vdl cic kchoach khiic
T* li ni HH dling ca 8 cin boi yc kif n ihitc
TAtghfP^ltreldgmaiacllrmafdiiiifili-iSilm^ofwfrt LKHHT
SfSV tri lin
39S
387
2SS
211 S7S
sa
379
T I K
93.12
95 2S
9192
6057
sai;
M,07 76.7; 90.0:
«,«,
vdi hanh vi LKHHT, gii tri trung binh ciia thang diem li tff 1 ddn 2, lirfg vdi thii dp rat tdt va lot Irong thang diem Likert gom 5 mffe dp iff "r^t tdt" Khi tinh theo ty lg % SV cd tl lg tra ldi cao (>90%) vi d mffe
dd ddng ^ eao "tdt" \k "rat tdt" Tuy nhien, co tdi
34% SV vin cho rang "Neu nhrf ban da hpe lot eic mon hoc, thi khdng can thiel phai lap KHHT "
3.2.4 Khd ndng cua SV ve LKHHT (khdng trinh bdy bdng sdliiu d day)
Nhin ehung, SV ttf nhan thay vl kha ning LKHHT cua ban than iha'p, khdng song hinh vdi mffe dp kidn thffc vi thii dp eua SV vl LKHHT Trung binh SV dat dffde mffe dp Iff 2.5 den 3.0, tffdng drfdng vdi mrfc kha ning "khd" tdi "trung binh" Khi linh ty le % eho tffng tinh hud'ng kha
nang chiing ldi cung thay ke't qua tffdng trf Ty lg %
SV cho rSng hp cam thi'y cd kha ning thffc hien dtfde vigc LKHHT (eie clu hoi tinh hudng vl kha nang LKHHT) chl dat dtfdc tff 40-70% Kha nang chung vl LKHHT dffqfc ldng hdp tff 7 bidn sd khic nhau thu ihap iff cac clu tra ldi cd linh cha't iff nhan xdt cua S V vl kha ning LKHHT ch! dai ty le ehung
la 57,48%
3.3 Mgt sdyeu tdanh hUdng de'n hdnh vi Iqp KHHT cua SV
3.3.1 Phdn tich dan biin: cho thdy cdc yiu td:
Gidi (nff so vdi nam OR=1,08, €1=0,78-1,18) nam hoe (nhffng nam cud'i so vdi nhffng nim dau 0R=1,12, CI=0.73-1,69), KTXH (eao so vdi thSp 0R=1,2, CI=0,73-1.94), kidn thffc (eao sd vdi thap OR=2.86, CI=1,1-7,6), thai dd (cao so vdi Ihap OR=l,97, CI=0,51-7,46), kha nang LKHHT (cd so vdi khdng OR=1,50, CI=0,98-2,29) Udn quan vdi
Trang 5hinh vi LKHHT, Irong dd kidn thffc lien quan cd
YNTK \ dl hinh vi LKHHT
3.2.2 Phdn tich da biin:
Bang 3 Cdc yiu to dnh hudng tdi hdnh vi LKHHT
IMn qoan giSa
Gidl va hanh n LKHHT
NSm hoc va hinh vi LKHHT
Kinh i€%i h^i ta hanh vi LKHHT
Kien ihifc LKH vi LKHHT vi hinh vi
LKHHT
Thdi do LKHHT vi hinh vi LKHHT
Khi ning LKHHT i s hanh vi LKHHT
OR l.OS 1.12 1-19 3/»5 0.82 1.62
P 0.44
0 J 7 0.47 0.033*
0.811 0.029*
93% CI 0.72-1.21 0.68-1.82 0.70-1,99
I J 9 - 4 J 5 OJ2-1.85 1.22-2.12
Nhdn xet: Trong phan tich tffdng quan da bidn,
cic ydu td ve gidi, nim hoc, dilu kign kinh td xa
hpi, kidn ihffc va kha ning LKHHT deu cd lien
quan Idi hanh vi LKHHT nhuiig tffdng quan cd
YNTK ddi vdi kidn thffc vi kha nang LKHHT
Ding ehu ^ thii dp lien quan khdng cd YNTK vdi
hinb vi LKHHT
Kiem dinh linh thich hdp ciia phffdng trinh clu
trtie cho eic phffdng trinh hdi quy mi cie bidn phu
thupc trung gian li 1) kien thrfc, 2) thii dp, 3, kha
ning vi bidn phu thupc cudi ciing la 4) hinh vi
LKHHT cho thay hg sdltfdng quan sai sdvdi gii tri
rho (hg sdsai sd nhd=0,084.95%Cl=-0,97 den 0.98
cd chffa gii tri 0 (p=0.94) cho thay mo hinh da bidn
tren li thieh bdp
4 Ban luSn
4.1 Thuc trgng lap KHHT, kien thdc, thdi
dQ va khd ndng LKHHT cua SV
4.1.1 Thuc trang LKHHT cua SV:
Hinh vi LKHHT ddng vai rf-d quan irpng doi vdi
kdt qua hpe lap ciia SV [15] Tuy vay, theo
Monique Boekaerls [9] tai trrfdng dai bpe Leidein,
Hi Lan vi Barry J.Zimmerman cCing Dale
H.Schunk [7] tai NewYork MJ cho thay nhilu SV
van edn ehffa cd thdi quen LKHHT Trong nghien
crfu hign tai, chdng tdi thay ty lg SV da khoa
DHYHN cd hinh vi LKHHT irong nam hpe qua vi
nim hoe hign tai tffdng ffng li 26% vi 21 % Kdt qua
nay phii hdp vdi nhan dinh ciia cic lie gia tren
Dieu niy cd Ihe phan anh SV dai hoc y chffa quan
tam nhieu den viec LKHHT Ngoai ra, chung ldi
Ihay ri lg chung S V ^ hanh vi LKHHT la 70.78%
ly le niy la kbi eaonBfU^S rnffe dd hoan ehinh (dav du) eiia LKHHTfflphan che' Trong khi ti le SV thrfc hign 2 trong^fflfiT nine drfa ra chidm d lg rat eao (-40%), ihi CSTCH gan 25% SV thrfc bien day
du ca 4 ki ning ngu ra (rong qua irinh LKHHT Ding chii ^ nhat la hanh vi LKHHT cua SV trong nam qua va^^&i hoc nay deu cd xu htfdng ting theo nim hpei^8> nhai d nhffng nam cudi) Xu htfdng nay eho thay trong mdi irtfdng hoc lap d dai hoc, SV da bit diu hinh thanh (hdi quen LKHHT theo thdi gian N e u ^ htfdng va dtf dinh LKHHT Clia SV tidp tuc drfdc duy tri cho de'n khi SV ra trrfdng vi lim viec t ^ e a e cd sd y te'se ra'l hffu ich eho edng vigc s a u Q y ciJa ho Tuy nhien iheo nhilu lie gia, de thiic day hinh vi va dtf dinh LKHHT eua SV cin cd nhffng boat dgng dinh hffdng thuc day t h i i | p va trd giup SV thtfc hien hioh vi niy cd higu qna nhtf td chffc cac khoa hoc dinh hrfdng ngin han va cac hdi thao ehuyen de ve phrfdng phip hpe tapga LKHHT cho SV nam dau khi hp mdi bffdc vic^tfdng 6 cac ntfde phai trien nhff My, l)c New Zealand, Ha Lan Canada, Singapore, vvv khi SV bat dau vio mdi ky hoc dau lien, eie Trung tlnflld giijp SV Hoc tap ciia mdi trrfdng thrfdng td ehifc^at hdi ihao ve phtfdng phap hpe lip vi cic k h o i ^ c dmh htfdng 1-2 man nham trd giiip SVLKHHTiguan ly thdi gian (rd giup SV
ve ngdn ngff, ky ning vidt bii trinh bay nghien cffu khoa hoc, ky ning tMo luan trong cac eae budi hoc thrfc hanh [16-17]
4.1.2 Kiin thdc, thdi do vti khd ndng LKHHT ciia SV:
Khi lien hanh khio sat ve kidn ihffc ciia SV, nghien crfu niy sff.dijmg nhieu cau hoi nham lini hidu mffe dp hieu bidt day du ciia SV ve LKH \a LKHHT Trong s d ^ ^ j hdi dtfa ra cd 3 cau hdi ve kidn thffc diu ed ri le Ira ldi diing tha'p hdn nhieu so vdi eac cau khic dd Ii * Hanh \ i LKHHT co bi chi phdi bdi yeu tdlam li", 'Moi suy nghi (ra Idi cho cau hdi ban dff dinh lim gi trong thdi gian ldi diu la hanh ddng LKH", "Khi LKHHT ban khdng dtf bao trrfdc kdl qua eiia hocflp" \ di ti le tra ldi diing thap trong khi cic clu ednl^ deu ed li Ie ira ldi diing tren 90%.Diebidt, lilds'dcSuira ldi diing ta't ca cac cau hdi dinh gia ve kienjhffc LKH va LKHHT cung khdng cao (ri lg diingja 8 cau chi gan 237^) Dieu nay cho thay t ^ e n | W ehung cua SV ve LKH va
Trang 6KHHT cdn chffa toin didn va dly du
Ve Ihii dp, nhin chung SV cd thii do khi lich crfc
vdi vigc LKH va LKHHT, vdi gii tri (rung binh ciia
thang diem li tff 1 den 2, ffng vdi thii dp rat tdt vl
lot trong thang diem Likert gdm 5 mffe dp tff "rat tdt"
tdi "rat khong tdt" Khi id hdp thang do thai dp, ty lg
SV cd thii dd tdt eung cao (>90%), eic thai dp trong
trfhg tinh hudng eu the cung deu cd ty le tren 90%
Kel qua niy gidng vdi kdl qua cua Kalyani
Chatterjea va Changchew Hung [10] tren SV dai
hoc Nanyang Technologies, Singapore cho biet,
trung binh thii dd ciia SV ddi vdi lam vigc theo
nhdm eung ban hoc se giup hpe l|p higu qua hdn 5
hai mdn hoc khac nhau Tuy nhien vdi linb hudng
"Neu ban da hoc tdt cic mdn thi khdng cin thidt phai
lap ke hoach", diem trung binh trong cic eau tra ldi
cua SV li 3.74 (SD=1,21) tffdng rfng vdi thai dp "
inmg binh" tdi "khdng lot" Khi tinh ty le % chiing
tdi cung thay kdt qua kha tffdng tff; vin cd tdi gan
34% sd SV Irong mlu nghien cffu ddng y vdi quan
nigm do Nhff vay, mac dia Ihai dp cua SV 5 cae cau
hdi tinh hudng \ e thii do la khi tot, nhffng thii dp
vdi viec LKHHT khi da hpe lot cac mdn hoc vin cdn
ehffa tich cffc Day la khia canh thii dp can quan llm
tuygn truyin ed \ u SV nhim thay ddi thii dd nay
Khi Iff nban xel ve cac kha nang LKHHT, trung
binh SV dat drfdc mffe dp tff 2.5 den 3,0 iffdng
dtfdng vdi mffe kha nang "khd" ldi "trung binh" Khi
linh ty le % cho ifftig tinb hudng kha nang, chung ldi
cung thi'y kdl qua trfdng tff Ty Id % SV cho rang hp
cam thay cd kha nang thrfc hign drfdc viec LKHHT
(eae eau hoi tinh hudng ve kha nang LKHHT) chi
datl drfdc Iff 40-70% Kha nang chung \ e LKHHT
drfdc long hdp tff 7 big'n sd khic nhau thu thap iff cic
eau tra ldi ed linh ehl't tff nhan xet cua SV ve kha
ning LKHHT cung ehi dat ly Ig chung li 57,48%
Nhrfvay mac du kien thffc vi ihii dp khi tdu nhrfng
kha nang eua SV drfdng nhrf khdng song hinh vdi
kien thrfc vi thii do eua hp Ket qua nay gdi y ring
de SV ed the tfirfe hign viee LKHHT tdt, viec nang
eao kien thrfc va lang crfdng thai dp ein cung cdky
nang vi kha nang ciia SV thdng qua vigc thrfc hinh
LKHHT trong cac khoa hoc dinh hrfdng va hdi thao
trao ddi eua SV,
4.2 Cdc ye'u tdanh hi^g den hdnh vi
LKHHT caa SV
Trong phin tich ddn bie'n cho thay chi ed ye'u id
kien ihrfe la ed lien quan cd YNTK vdi hinh vi
LKHHT Kdt qua phu hdp vdi nghidn cffu ciia Billie Eilam va Irit Aharon [SJ Hai tic gia da lien hinh thff nghiem ve vai trd eiia kie'n Ihrfc vl quan ly va
LKH Itf dilu lidt hoc tip da di tdi ket luan rkog
nhfliig SV cd mrfc dp kie'n thffc tdi vl quan l;y hpe tap nr dilu tie'l thi kha nang va LKHHT tff dieu liet hoc tap tdt hdn nhffng SV khong cd kidn ihffc niy Khi phin lieh da bidn, ehung tdi tha'y them mpl ydu id nffa cung cd lien quan ddn hanh vi LKHHT Clia SV dd la yeu tdkha nang LKHHT Cu thd la
SV trf nhan thay minh cd kha ning LKHHT tdt thi
cd ty le hinh \ i LKHHT gap 1,62 Ian so vdi SV
nhin thay khdng ed kha ning LKHHT {\ di p<0.05
Bang 3.13), Kel qua niy hoin toin phu hdp vdi cic
y vin va cae nghien cifu trrfdc dd ve anh hrfdng cua yeu tdkha ning de'n hanh vi eon ngrfdi [6-7; 10] Tuy nhien, trong nghidn cffu niy thai do khdng
cd lign quan YNTK ddn hanh vi LKHHT trong ea phin tieh da bidn va ddn bidn Ke't qua nay khie vdi khung ly thuydt eiia tic gia Fisher JD va Fisher WA [10] cho thay thai dp ed lien quan ddn hanh vi eua eon ngffdi ciing nhrf ket qua ciia mpl sd'nghien crfu khac d Viel Nam ve cic hanh vi khic nhrf hut thud'e
la hoac khdng hut ihudc Ii eua Nguyen Vin Huy va Dio Thi Minh An [2.3] vi Phan Vin Mai [4] cua
SV 3 trrfdng Dai hoc Y Ha Ndi, Hue va Can Thd [3.4] Kdt qua khac bigl giffa nghign cffu ciia chiing tdi vdi mpl sd nghidn effu khic cd the do trong nghien cffrf md ta eat ngang, vigc xac dinh mdi Ugn quan hay khie biet ve hinh vi LKHHT theo mffe do thai dp cd thd cd dp chinh xac khdng cao Chinh vi vay, mpl sdtie gia da khuye'n cao de kidm dinh mpl cich chinh xie vai rfd ciia thai dp ddi vdi binh vi,
can tidn hinh cie nghidn cvta can thiep
Mot han che'khic ctia nghien crfu nay cd the la
cd sai sd nhd lai do mpl sd clu hdi ddi hdi sff nhd lai ciia SV Dly Ii nghien cffrf diu tidn \ e hanh vi LKHHT va cie yeu id' anh hffdng ddn hinh vi LKHHT nen vigc so sinh danh gii Irong phan ban Iu|n ciing gip khd khan nha'l dinh Tuy nhien, cung chinh vi day la nghign cffu dau tien ve hinh vi LKHHT ngn nghien crfu nay da ddng gdp mdl lii lieu ed gia tri \ e ihtfe trang LKHHT va mpt sdyeu idhen quan den hanh vi LKHHT ciia SV gdp phan drfa ra khuydn cao giup SV thrfc hien LKHHT higu qua de cai thign kel qua hpe tap Ngoii ra nghien cffrf niy cd sff dung phrfdng phip md hinh hoa cic phffdng trinh cau tnic trong kiem dinh tfnb thieh hdp ciiamd hlnh da bie'n Sff dung kiem dinh "Biprobil"
Trang 7d d e d the x i e dinh c i e sai s d c u a p h e p p h i n tieh da
bidn; chung tdi thay hg s d s a i sd'ral nhd (rho=0,08
gan =0,1) v i d i e bigt sai sd nay khdng anh hffdng
den ke'l qua nghien crfu vi p>0,05
C h u n g toi khuyg'n n g h i :
- Cd nhitog hoat dpng dinh htfdng de ird giup SV
thtfc hign h i n h vi n i y cd hieu qua nhrftd ehffc cac
k h o i hpe dinh hrfdng ngan ban (1-2 luan) v i c i e hoi
thao ehuyen d e ve phrfdng p h i p bpe tap va L K H H T
cho SV, d i e bigt l i SV n i m thff nha'l khi hp mdi
brfdc v i o trffdng (nhff m o hinh eua e i c nffdc p h i t
trien va 1 so'nffdc dang p h i t trien)
- Dd SV cd the thtfc h i e n v i e c L K H H T td'i, vigc nang cad kidn thffc day dii v i t i n g effdng t h i i dp tich cffc l i chffa dO, m i edn p h a i eiing cd'ky n i n g v i kha
n i n g Clia SV thdng qua v i e c thffc h i n h LKHHT Can tao e i c ed hdi d e SV ihtfe h i n h v l p h i l tridn kha nang L K H H T
- Vi t h i i dp khdng ed lien q u a n ddn h i n h vi
L K H H T trong mpt nghien cffrf cat ngang md la va tbeo mpl s o ' t i c gia khuye'n c i o , c i n cd c i c nghidn effrf can thi$p d e k h i n g dinh vai ird cua t h i i dp ddi vdi h i n h vi LKHHT C i c n g h i e n cffu tie'p theo c i n kdl hdp hoi v i quan s i t c i c ke' h o a c h hpe l?p cda
SV (ban ghi, ban k d hoach, lich thdi gian,, ) de cd dffde ke't qua ehinh x i e hdn
Tai li^u tham khao
1 Nguyen Duy Luai & CS (2006) Giio trinh T^ chifc Y ti,
Trtfflng Dai hoc Y Hk N^i, tr 138
2 Nguyen VSn Huy & Dao Thj Minh An (2008) Hilt ihudc
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quan Tap chi Nghien ciTu Y hoc iSp 54, sfi'2, tr, 107-113
3 Nguyin Van Huy & Dio Thi Mmh An (2008) Hiit thu^c
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114-121
4 Phan van Mai (2004) Nghifin cihi hiii thu^e li trong SV
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sJ yte'cfing cOng.tr 71-72
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ciJu 5/9/2009) cua phemg cfing tdc hoc sinh SV- Trtfdng Dai
Hoc Y Hil Noi
Tifi'ng Anh
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