So6, 4 2015 ISSN2354 1113 THUCTIEN KINH NGHIEM V PHl/ONG PHAP DAY HOC LAY NGUTOfl HOC L A M TRUNG TAM PHAT HUY TINH CHU D O N G , SANG TAO COA NGU''''Gfl HOC TRONG QUA TRINH DAY HOC THEO HOC CHE TIN CHi[.]
Trang 1THUCTIEN - KINH NGHIEM
V PHl/ONG PHAP DAY HOC LAY NGUTOfl HOC L A M TRUNG TAM PHAT HUY TINH CHU D O N G , SANG TAO C O A NGU'Gfl HOC TRONG QUA TRINH DAY HOC THEO HOC CHE TIN CHi
ThS LUU Thj Kim Q u e *
' Gido due dgi hoe d Viit Nam dang trdi qua giai dogn cdi cdch trong dd hi thdng tin chl duac j
xem Id mpt trong nhdng npi dung trong tdm Theo Bp Gido due vd Ddo tgo, dendng cao chdt ' luang ddo tgo chung ta edn tap trung nhieu vdo edng tdc hgc tap cua sinh vien, edn Idm cho ngudi hgc trd nin ndng dpng trong viec hgc cua chinh minh (Bp Gido due vd Odo tgo MOET, 2005) Ly thuyit vi viic lay ngudi hoc Idm trung tdm gdn ddy trd nin hit sdc pho bien, khdng chi
d Viet Nam md con d nhieu qude gia tren thegidi Rdt nhiiu trUdng Dgi hgc tren thegidi dd cd nhdng kit qud khd quan trong viic dp dung hinh thdc ddo tgo theo he thdng tin chi, hinh thde ddo tgo theo triit ly " Idy ngudi hgc Idm trung tdm"
I II ^ s d h ^ h ^ ^ b _
Dao tao theo he thdng tfn chl bdt dau ddpe
dp dung tai TrUdng Oai hpc Harvard, Hoa Ky vao
ndm 1872, sau dd dan dUpe md rdng ra khap Bac
My va the gidi Theo danh gia eda Td chde Ngdn
hang t h i gidi, ddo tao theo tfn chl khdng ehi hidu
qua ddi vdi eac nude phdt t r i l n ma cdn ddi vdi cae
nude dang phat trien Tai ch? thj ndm hpc 2008
-2009, Bp Giao dye va Oao tao da chinh thdc ydu
cdu cac trudng dai hpc va eao dang "ehuyen sang
ddo tao theo hd thdng tfn chi vao nam hpc 2009
- 2010 hodc mudn nhdt Id nam hpc 2010 - 2011"
Tuy cdn non trd nhung Trudng Dai hpc Ndi vu Ha
Ndi da chinh thdc triln khai chuong trinh ddo tao
theo hpc c h l tfn chi t d thdng 9 nam 2014 Mdt
budc di mdi Idm thay doi nhidu khdu, nhieu bd
phan trong hoat ddng ddo tao cda Nhd trudng
ddng thdi cung ddt ra ydu cau cap thiet trong vide
doi mdi phuong phdp gidng day Ddo tao theo he
thdng tfn ch? Id phuong thdc dao tao theo triet Iy
xem "ngudi hpc Id trung tam" NghTa la, trong qua
trinh dap tao, ngUdi hpe cd the ehd dpng quyet
djnh hpe cai gi, hpc khi nao va hpc nhd t h i nao
Vdi triet ly trdn, bdi viet sau se tdm lUpc npi dung
chinh eda ly thuyit day hpe lay ngUdi hpe lam
trung tdm vd phan tfch sii khac nhau gida vj tri,
vai trd cda ngddi thay va ngudi hpc trong phUc^g
* Gidng viin Trung tdm Ngogi ngd, TrUdng Dgi hgc Npi
phap day hpc truyen thdng vdi phUdng phap day hpe lay ngudi hpe lam trung tdm
1 PhUcAig phap day hoc lay ngUdi hoc lam trung tam la gi?
Cd kha nhieu djnh nghTa ve vide day hpe lay ngUdi hpc lam trung tdm the hien qua nhieu tdn gpi khac nhau nhU hpe qua trdi nghiem
(experiential learning), hay hpe cd dinh hudng bdn than {self-directed learning), eda eae nha su
pham nhu Dewey, Piaget vd gan day nhat la eda Malcolm Knowles (O'Neil & McMahon, 2005) khi
dng dUa ra khai niem mdi ed ten Id Andragogy, do
la phuong phap day hpe k i t hpp gida ly thuyet vd thuc hdnh, d dd ngUdi hpc se trai nghidm thdng qua vide t u hpc, t u nghidn cdu cda minh cdn ngudi thay chi Id ngudi hd trp Kember (1997) ung
hp nguyen ly gido dye nay va cho rdng tri thdc can dupc xdy dung vd t i l p thu bang chfnh no lUe cda ngudi hpc cdn ngudi day chi ndn dtmg lai 6 vai trd Id ngudi giup sdTe, la ed van djnh hUdng eho ngUdi hpc chd khdng ndn la ngudi truyin tdi thdng tin
Vide day hpc lay ngudi hpc lam trung tam dupe djnh nghTa ddn gidn nhat la suy ra tCrten gpi cda
nd Od la mpt t i l n trinh hpc tap trong do ngddi hpc ddng vai trd chd dao Hp se quylt djnh hpc
vu Hd Npi
Trang 2THUCTIEN-KINH NGHIEM
cai gi, hpc khi nao, hpe nhu t h i nao va t u danh
gia qua trinh hpc tap cua chinh minh Nguyen tac
eda vide hpe lay ngddi hpc lam trung tam nhan
manh tien trinh hoc, chu" khdng nhan manh sdn
pham cda qud trinh hpc Kit qud hpc can dupe
dat ra bdi chfnh moi ngucri hpc de hp cd ddng
lUc va nd lUc vuon den Vide hpc xet d khfa canh
nay mang tinh ea nhdn hpn Id tfnh ehuan mUc
NgUdi hpe khong nhat thiet phdi dat dupe diem
A, B, C de vUpt qua ky thi ma chl ddn gian la hpe
de hoan thien chinh minh Nd khdc vdi nguyen ly
day hpe lay giao vien lam trung tam 6 chd nd ed
the dap Crng nhu cau cua tdtig ca nhdn rieng bidt
trong Idp hpc trong khi nguydn ly day hpe lay
gido vidn Idm trung tdm cho rdng qua trinh day
hpc Id mdt qud trinh truyen tdi thdng tin tu" ngUdi
day d i n ngUdl hpc va ngUdI day la "ehuyen gia
cda tri thdc" (knov^ledge expert) trong khi ngUdi
hpe ehi don thuan la "ngUdi tiep nhan thy dpng"
(passive recipient)
Cd t h i ndi, quan d i l m lay ngudi hpc Idm trung
tdm dd chuyin quyen lam chd Idp hpc tU ngudi
day sang ngUdI hpc hay ndi ddng hdn la nd nhan
manh vai trd cda ngddi hpc (Barr andTagg, 1995)
Do vay, 6e ed the ehuyen t d ldp hpe truyin thdng
sang Idp hpe lay ngUdi hpc lam trung tdm, ngUdi
day cdng nhu ngudi hpc can nhdn thdc duac vj
trf vd vai trd cda minh trong qud trinh day - hpc
2 Vj trf, vai tro cCia ngUdi day va ngUol hoc
trong ldp hoc silr dung phuong phap day hoc
lay ngUdi hoc lam trung tam
PhUdng phap day hpe truyin thdng va phUdng
phap day hpe lay ngUdi hpe lam trung tam cd sU
khae biet Idn trpng vide xae djnh vj trf va vai trd
eda ngddi thdy, ngUdi hpc trpng t i l n trinh giang
day Od Id qud trinh chuyen giao vj tri trung tam
t d ngddi t h i y sang ngudi hpc
• Vl trivd vai tro cua ngUdi thay
Mpt hinh dnh rat quen thupc trong mpt ldp
hpe truyin thdng dd la bye gidng, tam bang d
tren, ben dudi Id nhdng ddy ban g h i dupe kd
ngay ngdn Ngudi thay sd diing trdn bye giang
ay, sd truyin dat nhCmg kiln thdc minh cd nhu
the minh Id kho bau cda kho tang kiln thdc ay
Ngddi thay sd ndi ra bdng h i t nhdng gi minh da
chuan bi trong gido dn, ngUdi hpe cii cam eyi ghi
chep tdng cdu ehCr cua thay NgUdi thay la trung tam cda mpi anh mat, la trung tdm cda Idp hpc chi phoi toan bd tinh than, kiln thOrc va hinh thdc eda buoi hpc
Khdng gidng trong Idp hpc truyen thdng, ngudi thay khi ap dung phuong phap day hpc lay ngudi hpe lam trung tdm khdng edn la ngudi don thuan truyen thu k i l n thdc ma Id ngudi hudng dan, ho trp va t u van cho ngudi hpc tim, chpn va xd ly thdng tin Do do ngudi thay phdi nam b i t dupe nhu eau eua ngUdi hpc va to chde
d l hp quan ly dUde thdi gian eda minh, ed tfnh
d i n su khac bidt ca the, ddng thdi dpng vien hp tfch cue tham gia vao qua trinh nang cao nang luc nhdn thUc va t u duy, ehi dan va giup dd hp phdt trien cdc ky nang hpc tap dpc lap n h u t u quylt dinh muc tidu cda bdn than, t d tim kilm
vd xCr ly thdng tin, t u danh gia nang liic va chat lupng hpc tap cda minh de sdn pham dao tao cda dai hpc Id nhdng thuc the t i l p tyc phat triln sau khi tdt nghidp
Vi trf eda ngudi thay khdng phai dupe xae dinh bdng sii dde quyen v l thdng tin va tri thde ed tfnh ddng cap, ma bdng trf tue va sU tdng trdi eda minh trong qua trinh dan dat ngUdi hpe tU hpe NgUdi thay neu van de va phat huy tdi da khd nang t u hpc va tU duy doe lap eda sinh vidn Cde cdch day hpc theo Idi truyen thdng truydn dat - ITnh hpi can dUpc thay doi bang nhdng cdch Idm mdi cung vdi sU hd trp eda phuong tidn mdi hidn dai NgUdi thdy ludn lidn he vdi thUe tien dang thay doi, lam eho sinh vidn bilt hpp tae va chia sd
TUdng tac thay - trd la mpt nghd thudt ma di
tao ra nd mpt each hieu qud doi hdi ngUdi thay khdng chl truyin cho trd phuong phap t u duy vd kiln thUc ma cdn phdi truyen cho hp ngpn Ida tinh ydu nghe nghidp va sU say me trong hpc tap Hon t h i nda, ngudi thay cung can tim hieu
de bilt dupe cdm nhan cda sinh vien sau mdi
gid gidng d l t u d i l u chinh lai bai gidng va cdch truyin dat cho phu hc^ va hidu qua
• Vj tri vd vai tro cua ngifdi hgc
Phuong phdp day hpc lay ngUdi hpe la trung tam, giap quyen lam chd Idp hpe cho ngUdi hpe, ngudi hpe se quyet dinh hpc gi, hpc nhu t h i ndo
Trang 3NgUdi hpe hoan toan ehd ddng trong viec chuan
bj, trinh bay, dan dat van de, ngudi thay se nhU
mdt cd van dUa ra y kiln dung n l u nhu cd Idp
hieu sai vdn de; ngUcri thdy sd lang nghe sinh vidn
tranh luan vdi nhau tren Idp Mpt sii khae biet
nda chfnh la d ehd t d van de can dUpc thao luan,
ngudt hpc cd each t i l p can, chuan bj ridng cda
minh; thd vj hdn, cac ban trong nhdm khdc sd
dupc hpc bai do "eae thay, ed" (ban minh) day Vi
du, trong gid t l l n g Anh glao vidn dua ra chd d l
" Ddng vat" (animals), chd de ma ngUdi hpc khd
thfeh thd, roi chia thdnh cdc nhdm Sau khodng
thdi gian nhat djnh, eac nhdm cd t h i sd cho k i t
qud cdng vide khde nhau Nhdm nay k l tdn cdc
lodi ddng vat, nhdm kia ndi ve kha ndng cda mpt
sd con vdt, nhdm khac lai phan biet mdu sdc cda
nhdng eon vat, cd nhdm edn ndi ve con vat ma
minh ydu thi'eh Xet tren gdc dp ve hieu qua mang
tfnh giao dye, each lam ndy thue sU khuyen khfeh
ngUdi hpc tim hiiu, hpc tap lan nhau; sinh vidn
ed edng mat bang kiln thdc vd van d l thdo ludn
nen hp se hiiu ro nhdt ban minh can gi, mudn gi
td bai gidng cda minh
Trong mpi hoat ddng eda Idp, vai trd ehd ddng
tich cue cda ngddi hpc ddpe phdt huy nhung
vai trd cda ngUdi day khdng he bj xem nhe, bj
ha thap ma ddi hdi giao vidn phdi cd trinh dp
eao hdn v l pham chat vd ndng lue n g h i nghiep
S.Rassekh (1987) v i l t : "Vdi sutham gia tfch cUc
cda ngUdi hpc vdo qua trinh hpe tap t d liic, vdi
su de cao trf sdng tao eda mdi ngUdi hpc thi sd
khd md duy tri moi quan he don phuong vd ddc
doan gida thay va trd Quyen Ide cda gido vidn
khdng edn dua trdn sUthy dpng va ddt ndt eda
hpe sinh ma dua trdn nang lUe cda gido vidn gdp
phan vdo su phdt t r i l n tot dinh cda cdc em
Mdt giao vidn sang tao la mpt giao vidn b i l t
gidp dd hpc sinh tien bd nhanh ehdng trdn con
dddng t u hpc Gido vidn phdi la ngUdi hudng
ddn, ngudi cd v i n hon Id chi ddng vai trd cdng
cy truyin dat tri thdc"
• Tai sao cdn thay doi vf tri trung tdm titngUdi
thdy sang ngUdi hgc?
Trudc tiin, su bdng n6 cua tri thUc va vide dng
dyng tri thdc vdo qua trinh san xuat ddi hdi mdi
lidn hd chat che gida nhieu ITnh vUe ehuydn mdn
da khiln eho giao vldn khdng cdn Id ngUdi eung cap tri thdc nda vi ban than hp khd cd the am hieu
h i t tat cd mpi viee tren t h i gidi nay de giang giai eho ngUdi hpc Hp ndn la cd van v l phuong phdp nham dat den mdt don vj kiln thUe ma sinh vidn dang tim kiem Hp cd t h i gidp sinh vldn nhOfng
ngudn t d lieu hoac cdch dat duac nhufng each
thdc dd mdt each hieu qua nhat
Thdhai, giao dye dang ehuyin dan sang giao
dye dai chdng (mas education) chU khdng edn
la giao due tinh hoa (elite education) Sd lUpng ngudi hpc ngay cang tang trong cdc Idp hpe khiln cho ngUdi day gap khd khdn trong vide giam sat, chdm sdc dac bidt nhu d u hpe va dap dng khd nang hpc eda tUng ed nhan ngUdi hpc Vi t h i , gidi phap khd thi la ngUdi hpc can phai cd khd nang
t u dieu chinh viec hpe eda minh dudi su hUdng dan eda ngUdi day Hp ndn hpe each t u quyet va
t u chju trdch nhldm ddi vdi vide hpc eda ban thdn
Thd ba, nhdng thd" nghiem sCf dyng phUdng
phap day hpe lay ngUdi hpc Idm trung tdm da nhan dUpc nhCfng k i t qud kha quan khiln eho nhilu nhd Idm edng tdc giao due quan tam Cy the, Lonka and Ahola (1995), thiie hien mpt nghidn cdu keo ddi sau nam d Helsinki so sdnh mdt nhdm hpc sinh hpe theo cdch truyen thdng vd mdt nhdm hpc thep phuong phap ehd trpng ngddi hpe Kit qud cho thay mac du tiln bd rat cham d Ide khdi dilm, nhung d i n giai doan cudi cdng trong nghidn cdu, nhdng hpe sinh nay lai cd ky nang hpc vd khd nang hieu biet tdt hPn h i n so vdi nhdm hpc theo phupng phap truyen thdng (0'Neill& McMahon, 2005) Bdng phuong phap nay, cae nha nghien cdu cdng nhan thay sU ehuyen bien tfch cUe cda ngudi hpc d eae phuong dien nhuxde djnh ddng
CO hpc tap, tich cUc tham gia cdc hpat ddng hpc tdp vd d i l m sd cdng dupc cdi thidn (Hall and Saunder, 1997) Nghidn cdu d Anh cdng ehi ra ring trong mdi trudng gido dye lay ngUdi hpe
lam trung tam, ngUdi hpc cdm thay dugc tdn
trpng vi the lam tang eddng sU tU tin cung nhu tfnh t u lap eda ngUdi hpe (0'Neill& McMahon, 2005)
Cuoi cung, nhdng quan nidm v l sU khae bidt
gida mdi ca t h i , su khdc biet v l each hpc vd quan diem ve ddn ehu trong glao due cung gdp phdn
Trang 4khdng nhd trong vide hinh thdnh va phat t r i l n
Idn manh eda trao Idu lay ngUdi hpc lam trung
tdm That vdy, moi ea nhan la duy nhat va d i u ed
nhdng mye dfch sdng ridng Do vay, trUdng hpc
nen la ndi gidp eae ea nhdn ay phat t r i l n nhdng
pham chat dac biet eda ridng hp va nudi dudng
nhCfng udc md eda hp hdn la ddng hda va tap ra
nhu^g con ngudi ed cdng each nghi, cung muc
dfch, cung chf hudng vi nhU t h i vd tinh ehdng
ta da vi pham tinh dan ehd trong gido dye va
hdn nda la ngan chdn t i l n trinh phat triln cda
loai ngudi vt nhieu nghien cdu da chiing minh
rang cae ca nhan vdi nhdng pham chat ridng biet
se tao ra nhCfng cai mdi (innovation) tdt hdn la
nhdng ea nhan ed edng pham chat Do dd, ngudi
hpe nen dUpc quyen chpn npi dung hpc, phUdng
phap hpc phu hpp de cd the dat dupe mye dfch
sdng cua hp
3 Phuong phap day hoc lay ngUdI hoc lam
trung tam phat huy tfnh chu dong sang tao
cua ngUdi hoc trong qua trinh day hoc theo
hoc che tfn chi dTrUcfng Dai hoc Ndi vu Ha Noi
Nam 2008, Ban Gidm hidu TrUdng Dai hpe Npi
vu Hd Ndi da chi dao vide xay dung ke hoach Id
trinh chuyen doi t d dao tao theo nien ehe sang
dao tao theo hpe c h l tfn ehi; mdi eae ehuyen
gia, eae ed sd dao tao cd kinh nghiem den tap
huan va tU van to chde chuyin ddi dao tao t d
nien c h l sang tin chf vd Trudng Dai hpe Npi vu
Hd Ndi chfnh thUe dp dyng hinh thde dao tao
theo he thdng tin ehi t d thang 9 nam 2014 Mye
tidu chinh eua hpc ehe tfn chi chfnh la tao dieu
kidn phat huy tfnh chd dpng, sang tao, phat huy
kha nang, t h i manh cda tdng ca nhan ngUdi
hpc, thdng qua vide trao quyen quylt dinh cho
ngUdi hpc trong vide lUa chpn ndi dung hpc,
thdi gian hpc vd phuong phdp hpc £>i dat ddpe
mye tidu nay, TrUdng Dai hpc Ndi vy Ha Ndi
khdng chi thuc hidn vide mem deo hda cau trdc
ehddng trinh, md rdng ndi dung va sd Idpng cae
hpe phan t u chpn, ma cdn thay doi ed ban ve
phupng phap giang day
PhUPng phap day hpc lay ngUdi hpc lam trung
tam dupe ap dyng va dupe chia sd tren nhieu
dien dan, hpi thao v l ddi mdi phuong phap gidng
day tai Trudng Oai hpc Ndi vy Ha Ndi PhUdng
phap nay the hien qua nhieu hinh thde td chde day hpe khac nhau nhu t h u y i t trinh, ddng vai, se-mi-na hay nhCfng ehuyen thUe te, da ngoai day bd feh Thdng qua nhufng hinh thdc td chde day hpc dd, ngudi hpe hinh thdnh ky nang lam vide nhdm, lam vide ddc lap, ky nang phdn bidn, thuyet phyc, thuyet trinh mdt each tU nhidn ma khdng cam thay ap liic Cho d i n nay ed t h i not, phUdng phdp day hpc lay ngUdi hpc lam trung tdm da phan nao phdt huy tfnh chd ddng sang tao cda ngddi hpe tai Trudng Dai hpc Ndi vy Ha Npi Dieu dd dUpc the hidn trong vide ngudi hpe
da ehu ddng tra ciJu, nghidn culi tai lieu trUde khi d i n Idp, b i l t su'dyng thUvien mdt each hieu qua, chu dpng trong viee danh gia k i t qua hpc tap cua minh ddng thdi dUa ra chien lupc hpe tap mdt cdch hdp ly nhat.Vide ngUdi hpc ddpe lam chd Idp hpc da thiie sii giup hp tU tin the hidn, phdt huy kha nang sang tao eda minh Kit
qua dd la su nd luc eda toan the dpi ngd can bp,
gidng vidn, sU quan tam cda lanh dao Nha trudng trong vide chd trpng dau tU eo sd vat chat, trang thiet bj day hpc de tao ra mdi trudng ma d dd ngudi hpc thUe sUdUpe tdn trpng, dupc phat huy sde sang tao eda minh
Tdm lai, dao tao theo he thdng tfn chl id phUPng thdc dao tao theo triet ly lay"ngudi hpc
la trung tam cua qua trinh dao tao" nhdm phat huy tdi da tfnh chu dpng, sang tao cda ngddi hpc ddng thdi gidp ngudi hpc trau ddi mpt sd ky nang phan bidn, thuyet trinh, ldp k l hoach, giao tiep, lam vide nhdm Vai trd cua ngudi thay vd ngUdi hpc khdng gidng nhu mdt Idp hpe truyin thdng, thay dpc, trd chep ma sii tUdng tac gida thay va trd, gida ngudi hpc vdi ngUdi hpc trd ndn gan gdi, than thidn Vide dp dung hpc c h l tfn chi khdng nhCfng doi hdi nhdng thay doi ve phia Nhd trudng ma cdn doi hdi nhdng thay doi rat Idn v l phuong phap day va hpc Vide ddi mdi phUPng phdp day hpe mdi dap dng dupe nhdng ydu eau, chuan miic mdi cua nen gido due hien dai la dao tao ra ngudn nhan lUe chat lUpng cao, cd tfnh td chd, nang dpng va tinh than sang tao Vi vay, td nhieu nam nay Trudng Dal hpc Ndi vu Ha Ndi da triln khai viee doi mdi phUdng phap day va hpc theo hudng lay ngudi hpc lam trung tam vd cdng
Trang 5thu dupc nhdng k i t qud dang k l , the hien d san
pham dau ra cua nha trUdng la nhOfng san pham
cd chat lupng, dap dng duac yeu cau eda nganh
Npi vy vd cda xa hdi Tuy nhien, de phuong phap
day hpc lay ngUdi hpe lam trung tdm thuc su
phat huy hieu qua, Nha trudng can chd trpng
d i u t u hdn nda d i n cd sd vdt chat nhu phdng
hpc, he thdng thdng tin thu vidn dap uYig ydu eau
tu hpe, t u nghidn cdu cda ngudi hpc Odng thdi,
Nha trudng cdng can nang cao chit lUpng, nang
luc gidng day va su sdng tao cua ddi ngd can bd,
gidng vidn d l gdp phdn phdt huy tdi da tfnh ehd
ddng, sang tao eda nhdng ngUdi hpc trong qua
trinh day hpc theo hpe c h l tfn chi./
TAILI$UTHAMKHAO
1 Barr, R B., and J.Tagg (1995) From Teaching
to Learning: A New Paradigm for Undergraduate
Education
2 Dang Van Ode & Le Khanh Bdng (1995), Dgy
hgc Idy ngudi hgc Idm trung tdm
3 Jones, Leo (2007) The Student-Centered
Classroom Cambridge University Press
4 Kember, D (1997) A reconeeptualisation of the research into university academics'conceptions of
teaching Learning and Instruction, 7,255-275
5 Nghi quylt TW 02 Khda VIII, BCH Trung UPng Dang Cpng sdn Viet Nam, ngay 24 thang 12 nam
1996
6 O'Neil, G., & McMahon, T (2005)
Student-cen-tred learning: What does it mean for students and /ecfurers.^Emerging Issues in the Practice of
University Learning and Teaching Alt Ireland
Society for HigherEdueatlon, Dublin htXp-J/
www.aishe.org/readings/2005-l/oneill-mema-hon-Tues_l 9th_0et_SCL.pdf
7 S.Rassekh (1987)Contents of edueation,Unipub Press
8 Student<entered Learning (2014) Education Reform Glossary, http://edglossary.org/student-een-tered-learning/
9 Tran Ba Hoanh (2003) Dgy hgc Idy ngudi hgc
Idm trung tdm - Tap chf Thdng tin khoa hpe gido
due, sd 96/2003
tiep theo trang 26
DAOTAO, Bdi DUdNG odi NGO LANH DAO CAP
PHdNG dDIA PHUONG
cdng vide.Tuy nhidn, ed mdt thue t l la dpi ngu can
bp qudn 1^ cd kinh nghiem thudng khdng cd nhu
cau tham gia gidng day hoac khdng cd nghidp vy
su pham Do vdy, can bdi dudng phUdng phap
gidng day va quy djnh trach nhiem tham gia gidng
day cda hp
- Ndm Id, cdch thdc td chde hpc Khdng ndn td
chde cdc khda bdi dudng dai ngay, trinh bay nhieu
ndi dung trong mpt khda Can phdi td chde eho can
bp "hpc ddn dan" Cdc khod hpc, khda tdp huan chi
nen td chde trong khodng 2-5 ngdy Mdi khda hpe
ndn di sdu vao mpt ndi dung, lam sao d l ngUdi hoe
ndm vdng va van dyng thiic t l dupe ngay
Vide ddi mdi edng tae dao tao, bdi dudng can bd, cdng chde rat quan trpng, quylt djnh chdt lupng dao tao, bdi dudng va gdp phan ndng cao hidu qua hoat ddng eda bd mdy nhd nude Trong nhCfng ndm qua chdng ta da de cap nhilu d i n ydu d u nay, nhUng ddi mdi cdn chdm Mdt trong nhdng nguydn nhan la Idng tdng trong each nghT va each lam Do dd, vide di sdu nghien cdu, tim hilu vd dp dung nhdng phUdng phdp phu hpp cho tdng d i i tupng can bd, edng chde, tdng vj tri vide lam ey t h i
se giup chdng ta thUe hien viee doi mdi dupe nhanh hPn, chdt lupng vd hidu qud hpn7