22 S(5 6 2016 MOT SO VAN DE Lf LUAN CO BAN VE SONG N G O TRE EM Ur l DATVANDE Hifin nay, nhilu bgc cha me d Viet Nam muon cho con hpc tilng Anh ngay d ^ tudi mam non va tieu hpc de trd flwnh cdng dan[.]
Trang 122 S(5 6-2016
MOT SO VAN DE Lf LUAN CO BAN VE SONG NGO TRE EM
Ur
l.DATVANDE
Hifin nay, nhilu bgc cha me d Viet Nam muon cho con hpc tilng
Anh ngay d ^ tudi mam non va tieu hpc de trd flwnh cdng dan todn
cau troi^ radi trfldng da van hda, da ngdn ngfl BcS vdy, cdc trfldng
song ngfl, trfldng quoc tl tird thanh dja chi ltfa chpn fla thieh
cua-nhflng bde phy huynh Tuy nhifin, vifc hgc hai ngdn ngfl d trfi nhd
dien ra nhfl the nao, bdi vilt se eui^ c ^ nhitfig vdn de li lugn cd ban,
ngd hdu cho nhfli^ bdn thdo sdu hdn
II NOI DUNG NGHIEN CUU
1 Khdi nifm song i ^ i^ song ngtf b i em
Cde nhd ngfln ngtf hgc giai thich: "Song ngd (biUngualism): Trong
xd hgi hoc iden tiidng sd dung hai (hay hdn hai) ngon ngd 3 mdt
cd nhdn /wy d mgt cong dong ngdn ngd, co khi cdng ^i Id da ngd
(multilinguedism)" [1]; "$«• tinh tiiong hodn hdo nhU nhau hai n^
ngd, stf nam vdng hai ngon ngfl dUdc sd dung trong nhdng diiu Iden
giao tiip khac nhau" [2]
Nhfl vgy, cd thl hilu soi^ ngfl la hifin tflgng mdt ngfldi (hay mfit
cdng ddi^} cd thl stf dung hai i^dn ngtf troi^ qud trinh giao ti^
trong dd cd ngdn ngfl me dfi va ngdn i ^ thfl hai (ngoai ngfl)
Mgc du cd sd khoa hgc vl dd tuS song ngtf cdn khd md hd vd
nhilu tianh cdi, cac nhd nghifin cflu i^dn ngfl tre em tten the gidi cho
rang, song i ^ trfi em (child biltf^ual) Id vifc tie dflpc tilp xiic vi5i
mgt ngdn i ^ khac (i^ogi ngfl) va stf dung didnh thao ngdn ngtf ndy
trfldc 10 tudi Ndi each khde ed ndng lfle sfl dyng tdt hai r^on ngfl
ngay tfl khi cdn rat nhd mdi dflgc coi la song ngfl d tii em
2 Phdn loai song ngfl fl tre em
Dtfa tren co sd tiqj nhgn hai ngon ngfl d tiie em, cdc nhd nghifin
ctfu da p l m chia song i ^ tie em thanh hai loai cd ban: song i ^
ddng thdi (sunultaneous biluigual) vd song ngfl tilp dien (sequential
bilingual)
Song nffi dong ti^di la vife tie dflgc liep xiic va Iinh hfi ca hai ngdn
ngfl ngay tfl khi mdi sinh ra Tuy nhifin, trong tirfldng hgp nay, khd
cd the ndi ddu la ngdn ngfl tiitf nhdt, dau Id i^dn ngfl tiifl hai, hay
thgm chi cd the coi hai ngdn ngfl nay diu la ngdn ngfl thfl nhat Phd
bien nhlt cua soi^ ngfl dong tiidi chinh la d cac gia dmh, cha m? cd
hai quoc tich khac nhau, sfl dyng hai ngdn ngfl khac nhau trong giao
tiep vdi tirfi Trong moi tirfldng nay, tre se cd ed hdi hpe hai ngdn ngtf
Tuy vgy, ndng Itfc tii sfl dyng ngdn ngfl ndo chilm flu tfil hfln lai phy
tiiufc vdo nhilu ylu ^ khde tiong dd ylu td cd val tr6 dang ki nhat
dunh la ngdn i ^ giao tilp tixmg cgng dong xd hgi ndi tire sinh sdng
Dieu nay cd till de dang kilm chfli^ d nhiing gia dinh m? ngfldi Vift,
bd ngoai qude dang sinh sdng d nfldc ngoai 6 nha, tie co till hgc
dflgc tilng Vift tiong giao tiep hang ngay vdi m?, song khi tdi tifldng,
ra dfldng, ti^ xuc vdi cac phfldng tifn thdng tin dai chiing, tie sfl
dyng ngdn ngfl cua nfldc sd tgi Nhfli^ dfla tii song ngfl dd din ddn
TtiiKHOAVIlTHi
Trfldng Cao dlaig SU phgm Trung
»t
iKdW dlW
GiiiaitlilkPI
yjjiipplBriim iiilfiiita(£!ajlii'if Qi^ilotitfilidl^i jpii^qJKlitdBg!! {[ijilcl^licaliii^
se sfl dyng tdt ngdn ngfl bdn dia, thdm chl ngdn ngfl bdn dja diilmi the hdn 1 ^ so vdi tieng Vift,
Song ngU ndi ti^ Id vif e tire linh hgi ngdn ngfl tiifl hai tifldc lOao
sau khi da sfl d y i ^ khd tiianh thgo mft ngdn ngfl McLaughin eho ring, hi6i tiifl 3 la dg Uidi tiiidi hpp cho vifc hgc ngo?i i ^ i tifi cd bdn dd hpc dflpc ngdn ngfl ra? dfi, Nhfl vdy, ngfin ngQ ti^:
hang ngdy trfldc tii6i flifl 3 dflpc coi Id ngdn ngfl thtf nhdt (thudnji cs\iii^^
ngdn ngfl me de) vd nhflng i^dn ngtf trfi dflpc hgc sau tuffl thiJ3 is
la ngdn ngfl thtf hai
\ ^ dl ddt ra la d dg tudi thfl 3, tii da ed tri thflc ve ngon ngii ly nhat d mtfc dg nao thl mdi nen bdt ddu hgc ngfin ngfl thfl hai! lii thtfc ve ngdn ngfl thfl nhat cd yeu cau vifc tre phat am chuin, oivfti tfl tfldi^ ddi phong phu, bilt sfl dyng cdc c ^ true cdu ccf bia' dyng i^dn ngfl giao tiep phu hpp vdi hodn cdnh cy tbehayl Day la van de cdn nhilu tranh cai va can nhflng nghien cdu, dii^ sau hdn, ki Ifldng hon,
Theo mpt nghifin cflu khac ctfa De Houwer [4] moc dflyc tlnhS xdc djnh ngdn ngfl thfl hai d tte song ngfl Id 2 tuoL Dieu d6 c^ nglm:
nlu ti!ti 2 tudi trfi mdi dflpc ti^ n i ^ mft ngdn n ^ khac Ihl aga
ngfl dd la i^dn ngfl thtf hai va sfl tilp nhgn dd khde hoan toan soni ngon ngtf thfl nhat (thfldng la ngdn ngfl me dfi)
Hai tdc gia Mary Slatery vd Jane Wills [5] lgi cltf ra vific h ^ soiij
ngfl ndi ti^ (sequential bilii^al) d tri em tuoi mdm non, d|c U
khi "Cdm thy i^dn i ^ hai nhfl cam thu ti&ig me de" vdi 6 giai tliHo:
- Gifll ^m 1: tien san sinh ngdn ngfl (Pre-Production), congoifi
giai dogn imlgfig (flie sOent period): trfi chi nghevd tiiam thaur^ ngtf thfl hai
- Giai doan 2: tgp sdn sinh ngdn ngfl (Eariy Production): tribatfi
dung ttf rieng lfi hoae mdt vai cau ngan bao gdm hai, ba tfl dl giao li^
- Giai dogn 3: xuat hifn ldi ndi (Speech Emergent): trfi diii^ dnfi
hdn d l giao tiep va bit ddu quy triiji n% dflng gia thuylt (hypotkas
building) - tiitf nghifm gid thuyet (hypotiiesis testing) Trfi c6ii nk
nhilu ldi trong giao tilp bdng i ^ n ngfl tfifl hai
- GiVii doan 4: trdi chay troi^ sfl dyng ngdn i ^ thfl hai (BtglmriDJ
Fluency): tie cd thl giao tiep bang cdc cau dai hdn mgt cdchfi dsfi dflng tinh huong giao tilp hdn va it radc I6i hdn,
- Giai doan 5: tang ctfdng stf tidi chay (Intermediate Fluency); t^
giao ti^ ttf tin hon va bdt dau dung cdu phflc va mac rlt It 16i
- Gi(u doan 6: hodn thifn sfl tidi chdy (Advancai Fluency): tieii
thl giao ti^ troi^ mgi tinh hudng
Nhd nghiln ctfu Jelena Bobldna ttoi^ bdi viet Early teadoig^t second language Foreign language kamittg in tiie Nursery Educi^ol'
PenW (Dgy tire hpe ngdn ngfl thtf hai hogc mdti^oai 1 ^ d giai do?ii
mam non) [5] cho biet, tie phdi tidi qua giai doan im Igi^ {^
period) khodng 20 thdng Tri phii thim tfiSu ngdn ngfl tiifl ha (hsf tip gidi ma i^dn ngfl thtf hai) tiiidc khi sdn smh ra ngdn ngfl
tdiiipi^iyiihiL iQiEliiifiAiifti k|iilidifliirai!i
IKETLUAN
liiiifU^al
fflittTjickilmlip
^Sl'^llEiMllQII^ 'fiiijiem^phjliiij ' ^ ' ^ ' ^ i i u f i
^njUliocNffi
\-^
Trang 2h'dHOC S6 6-2016
3 Hda trfn v i chuy& ma trong s o i ^ ngfl t r i em
Dilu d l nhgn thdy tixii^ giao tilp d ti^ em song ngfl Id stf hda trfn
;dn ngtf Nhflng can ndi cua tii {Yi dy: eon kmgry lam) cd stf tfiay
le mft phdn cdu tieng Vifl bdng tilr^ Anh (ddi = hungry) Lifu stf
^a ttdn va thay the nay cd nilm trong chiln Iflpc gjao tiq) gan vdi y
" • ^ f l c cfla tirfi hay child mgt stf nhdm lan gifla hai ngdn ngfl mft cdch
^ ^ • f e thflc?
™ P**: Nhflng nghifin ctfu cfla Volterra vd Taeshner (6] chi ra, vife tii hda
•gn hai ngdn ngtf tirong giao tiep la do tii khdng phdn bift dflgc hai
."i Day chinh la giai dogn dau tifin cua song i ^ , khi bang tfl vtfng
' ^ ^ £ ^ " 3 ^ i^on ^ la mft till tiiong nhat tiding dau tii Volterra chia
ua trinh tilp nhgn i^fin ngfl thtf hai tiianh ba giai dogn cd bdn gdm:
>5n5;-j, - Gioi i^ofln thl? M/ifl(: Hai ngdn ngfl tdn tgi nhfl mft the thoi^ nhat
WdsiEjr,'" ^ ' ' " ^'^ ''"^ ^'"•' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ S '^^^ hai ngon ngfl phdn hda vi
li^y- hdng the tiidng nhat ngfl phj^
^ ! ^ « S - Gicd doan M ha: Phdn hda hodn todn ve tfl vtfng vd ngfl phdp
j ^ • M i a hai ngdn ngtf
* * " Dfii 1^ wM quan ffilm cfla Volterra, Geneese [7] lgi nhgn xfit, hai hf
J bong ngdn ngfl trong dau tri ^ phan tach ngay tii dau.Stf hda ttgn
!-< ^ l i j ^ ngdn ngfl xdy ra khdi^ xudt phdt ttf vifc r^Sm lln giflla hai ngdn
Etttjfcilhfl nhdt nfin da li^ tfl tiidng dfloi^ d ngdn 1 ^ thfl hai d l thay the; 2)
S a; i siCd till do tli da biet hi d ngdn i ^ thtf nhat nhflng tirong hodn cdnh
a w aagiao tiq) cy tiiC tfl d ngdn ngfl thfl hai xuat hifin trfldc trong dau tri vd
i i S ^ ^ f l g c tre huy ddng ngay tflc khac; 3) Cd till tfl dd d ngfin i ^ thfl nhat
qud phflc t ^ nen tri d u i ^ ttf tfldng dfldt^ d i^dn ngfl tiitf hai cho
(^iippl jjdon gian; 4) Tre cd thdi quen mflpn tfl d ngfin ngfl thtf hai tiiay cho
,^j-^^tfldi^fin ngfl tfifl nhat.Vivdy, sfl hda trfn nay chinh la stf chuyln ma
_ ^ •_^cua tre Trong nhfll^ trfldng htfp ndy, stf ehuyen md cho thay nar^
' ^ Iflc phdn tdch thay thl ngon ngfl d tii dgt den tiinh dg ddng Ire Dieu
T^ do chtfng td vile tilp nhan ngdn ngfl thfl hai cua tri khd tdL
„ ^ ^ l l l KET LUAN
" 7 Song ngfl la mgt hifn tiipng ddng mtfng d tie em khi cd nang Itfc
' sfl dyng thdnh thgo ca hai i ^ n ngfl tixmg nhflng hodn canh giao ti^
P *^"^ cy thl Tgi cac thdnh phd kfn d nfldc ta, khfii^ phdi trfldng qufic \£
• 3 ? " hay song ngtf ndo cung cd dfldc san pham dau ra Id song ngfl tri em,
Vi v|y, e rdng phy huynh da tao ra qi Iflc qua Idn cho con em minh
tSriSi* khi ddt lln vai tre yeu can stf dung ngdn ngfl thtf hai cung thanh thgo
ixp:*^ nhd i^dn ngfl me de de trd thanh cdng ddn todn clu, trd tiianh dtfa
i:aESE^ tre song ngtf b dd hioi mam non
»2S?^ TAI Ligu THAM KHAO
!cftB*' 1 Difp CJuang Ban (2010), TU cdin timdt ngd ngdn ngd hgc, NXB
i 3(B Gido due Vift Nam, Hd Ngi, ti 437
[ js*3» 2 Nguyen Nhfl Y (chfl bifin), (1997) TU dien gidi tiddt tiiuat nffi
'jaii^ ngon ngd hgc NXB Giao dye, Ha Nfi, ti 248,
i ^ 3.McLaughhn,B(1984),5gcojuiLfln^|EA:q»is/tioHiHCM(J/ioo4
• ^ ^ VoU:Presehoolchidren,Erbaum
V ^ 4 De Houwer (1995), A^iUnfftal language acquisition, In P
' f ^ Fleti:her $ B Mac Winney, Handbook of child language Black well
' • ^ ^ 5, Nguyen Qudc Hflng, MA (2015), Tiing Anh cho tri mam non,
jM Ky ylu hgi tfiao khoa hgc Tiing Anh trong trUdng mdm non tittle tih
^"iS* vdffdiphdp, Trfldng Cao dang Sfl phara Trung fldng & D l an ngogi
r'*"^ ngfl quoc gia 2020, ti 42
:lW j 6.Volterra,V&Taeshner(1978),R,7?igflcqMJsifiOTi(inrfdeve/opwieM(
•f^u of language by biHngui^ children Journal of <3iild language 5,311 -326
_, 23
7 Genesse, F (1989), EaHy bilingual devdopment One language or two? Journal ofChildlanguage 16, i6i-179
SUMMARY
TJie paper has mentioned some definitions on biUngualism and child bilingucdism It has analyzed tiie classification as well as tivo language acquisition ofdvldren OJIW biUngualism is classified into two types, including simultaneous bilinffialism and sequential biUngualism Each type has different process ofhnffiage acquisition One issue emerffngin tile process of child biUngualism is mixing and code- switching Keywords: BiUngualism, child biUngualism, classification Nhdn bii ngdy 25/5/2016 Sila diUa xong 30/5/2016 Duyit ddng 10/6/2016
^
PHAT TRIEN NANG LUC
(Tiip theo trang 14)
TAILIEU THAM KHAO
1 Lfi TSn H u ^ Cam Giai^, M S J fcief ve W dwyp/iflM (tien, http:// wwwjer.edu.vn, ngiy tiny egp 27/9/2015
2 John Zaphyr, Critical ThinkingSidllsfor First Grade (Cdc Id ndng
tu duy phdn biin cho iioc sinh ldp Mdt), Muih Cfldi^ dich//www
ehow.com, ngay truy cgp 23/10/2015,
3 Hfi Vu Ngpc Khufi, Vd Dgi Thdnh Nhdn (2012), Gido due tii duy phdn bien cho dio tinh vien Yiet Nam: Bdi hgc kinh n^iem til Nhdt Bdn T ^ chi IGnh ^xd hdi Dd Ndng, so 34
4 Rechard Paul-Lmda Elder (2015), Cam nang tU duy phdn hiin
- KhM niim vd cdng cu, (Bfli y/an Nam Sdn djch va hifiu dinh), NXB
long hpp 1^1 H6 Chi Mtfih
5 Nguyen Thanh Thi (2013), Con ren luyen nang life phdn bien trong hgc tgp dio hgc tinh, sinh vien, T ^ chi KHVdn hoa vd du lich,
so 13 (67), thdng 9, htq)://khoavanhoc-ngonngu,edu.vn, ngdy tiiiy cgp 28/6/2015
6 Bfli Loan Thuy (2012), Day va reM (tJyiM fty fiflM^ W di^;';>/iii« fcien
dio sinh vien, Tgp chi I%dt tiiin & hgi nhdp s6 7(17), (tiidng 11-12)
7 Dfi Kien Trui^ (2012), W voj tivcuatu duypl^ biin, Tgp chl Phdt trien vd h^ nh^p, sfi 4 (14), (tiiang 5-6)
8 Dfi Kien Trung (2012), NhQng ffdi phdp nhdm dinh hinh mot phongcdch tU duy phdn bien, Tgp chi Phdt tiiin vd h^inh^p, so 5(15),
(tiiang 7-8)
9 HujTih HQu Tilf (2010) TU duy phdn bien tivnghgc tap dtxi hoc Dgi hgc qudc gia Hd Ngi, Bdn tin sd232
10 Le Hai Yin (2012), Tim hiiu tii duy phdn hiin hay tU duy phi phdn trong d<^ vd hgc, T ^ chl Day vd hgc ngdy nay, tiidng 10
5UMMARY0
Critical thmkmg skill is one of tfie important skills which shidents need trainii^ through teaching and leanung process In this artide,
we systematize tjie definions of critical thinking skill, analyse its role in education and m daily life, and affirm tfie necessity h) develop Critical thinking skill for students majoring hi Literatiire Teacher Education
to satisfy the requirements for tfie innovation of curriculum and teachuig metiiods for flie purpose of developing literatiire teachers' profession
Keywords: Critical tiwikmgMi shidents of literature pedagogy Ngdy nhdn bdi: 20/4/2016; SUa dlUaxong 26/4/2016;
Duyit ddng 4/5/2016