Dg»/wtHpC 5(57 2016 VAN HOA GIAO DUC T H U O N G THlJC 65 ^ SU CHON LIIA VA T 6 CHOC DIEM NHIN TRONG TIEU THUYET CUA GABRIEL GARCIA MARQUEZ DiS^TV^NDE Gabrid Garda Mirquez li tie gja ldn cfla nln vin[.]
Trang 1VAN HOA - GIAO DUC T H U O N G THlJC
65
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SU CHON LIIA VA T 6 CHOC DIEM NHIN TRONG TIEU THUYET
CUA GABRIEL GARCIA MARQUEZ
DiS^TV^NDE
Gabrid Garda Mirquez li tie gja ldn cfla nln vin hpe hifn
thflc huyin do My Latuih Sang tdc cfla nhi vdn Id kho tdng
van hgc vd gii ddi vdi nhan Ioai, die bift li d the logi tilu
thuyet De cd dtfpc thdnh cong frong the logi niy, sfl lfla chpn
vd tfi ehfle dilm nhm li yeu to kl thugt mang lgi thinh cdng
cho sing tie cfla nhi vin 11:01^ do, da dilm nhln, nhgp dilm
nhln Iim mfit, I i ^ phien dion nhln Ii nhflng die diem chinh
trong ky thugt xay dtfng diem nhin ciia nhd v^
1.KHAlNl|M£)liMNHiN
Dilm nhln la ylu td cd bin, then chfit cfla kit du, ed vai
trd quylt dinh trong hdnh trinh khim phi van bin ngon tfl
cfla dpc gii va chuyen tai quan nifm nghl thuit cfla tic gii
Khi i ^ i f n cflu Iy thuyet ve diem nhin, cac nhi nghien cflu di
dtfa ra nhflng cadi hilu khac nhau Theo Cao Kun Lan: "diem
nhm li mfit minh khde thupe ve ky thuat mfit phtfong tifn
de ehung ta cd the di den dieh vdi tham vpng nhit: sflc quyln
ru cfla truyfn kl Dd li btfdc hifn thfle hda vifc thilt lip ciu
tnic vzn bin tic phlm, thflc thi myc freu cfla tie gii ham an
va hfldng tdi thuylt phye doe gii ve mpt van de nhat dinh gin
vdi quan nifm va ttf ttfdng" [Cao Kun Lan, 2015, fr.267,264],
TU diin thudt ngd van hoc dinh nghia: "Dilm nhin Id vi tri tfl
dd ngtfdi trin thuit nhin ra vi mieu ti sfl vgt frong tic pham"
[LIBi Han, 2006 tr.ll3]
Co nhilu eieh phan chia diem nhin khie nhau: dtfa vio
diim nhln ciia chfl thl phdt ngdn, ed thl phdn chia ra Iam:
di&n nhhi ding sau - fridn tri/bilt tudt (ngfldi kl chuyln bilt
tfi ei nhiing stf kifn diln ra vi thuat lgi); dilm nhln ben frong
(dilm nhin xuat phit tfl nhan vgt, nhdn vit tfl bpc bach tim
ttf, suy nghi cua bdn thdn), dilm nhln ben ngoii (ngtfdi kl
diuyfn nhin tfl ben ngoai, ed thl Id ddng vai trd Id nhiing nhin
vit khde, vi the hifn quan diem cfla minh vl nhan vgt); dfla
vdo khdng gian cd thl phan chia thdnh: diem nhln xa, gin,
frin, dfldi, Ifeh, thang Ngoai ra, cdn ed thl phin ehia theo:
d i ^ nhln tim Iy, dilm nhln v^ hda, d i ^ nhln gidi tinh, lfla
tudi, quan hf cfia eie nhdn vgt
Du xuit phit tfl kieu diem nhin nio, thl dieu quan frpng tgo
ra gii frj kit ciu dflpc todn v?n, dd Id sfl lfla chpn vi t6 chfle
diem nhin Cich thflc lfla chpn vi td ehflc dilm nhbi sl eho
phep m6i kieu diem nhin phit huy toi da vai tro vi ]?^ nghia
ciia no Sfl lfla chpn vi x6 chfle dilm nhln frong tilu thuylt cfla
G.CMarquez chiu dnh hfldng ldn tfl quan dilm nghf thuat,
ttf tfldng chu dl, sfl lfla chpn kit cau, nln van hda My Latuih
ThS.NGUYlNTH|HA0
Vien Khoa hpc Giio due Viet Nam
2 Dl CHUYEN DI^M NHIN GIUA CAC CHU T H I T R A N
T H U A T T R O N G T I ^ U T H U Y ^ C U A G.G.MARQUEZ
Bang vifc di chuyln diem nhln Hfn tyc tfl nhin vat nay sang nhin vgt khic theo diln biln, tinh tilt vi tinh cim, tdc gii da d^t cic quan diem ei nhin vio ttfong quan doi sinh vdi cic ci nhan khde vd dfii khi li cfla ca mfit nhdm i^di/xa hpi/thdi dgi Tuy ngim phin djiih vl cac ngfii kl chfl dao vi i^oi kl chu dgo van li ngdi ke cd quyln ning nhat trong qui trinh kl nhflng trong moi thl tai tilu thuylt vifc phin djnh niy chi mang tinh chat ttfong ddl Sy ltfa dipn dilm nhin chu dgo la cln thiet trong cau tnic cfla toan tic phlm, thl hifn rd vifc phin djnh ngdi kl trong tflng dogn nhtfng frong moi tilu thuyet ehung ta cung thly sfl di dpng cfla ba dilm nhm: di&n nhin zero (hogc khfing tieu diem); dilm nhm bin trong va dilm nhin bin ngoii Sfl di chuyln diem nhin gin liln vdi di chuyln cac ngfii ke d nhieu tieu thuyet trong mfit dogn i^an, tdc gii di chuyln di&n nhin qua rlt nhieu nhan vat nhim the hifn cdm xuc cua mfii nhin vat, qua dd Ifit ti bdn chat cfla stf viec hifn ttfpng Sfl kifn am sit Ttfdng quin khong thanh cfla phe ndi day dtfpc the hifn dilm nhin cua nhieu nhan vit hen quan Bin hi hai (Tfldng quan) thi tuyen bd khdng dilu fra vu
im sdt dd, trong khi thfing tin trln cde phtfong tifn thfing tin dai chflng ra rd ndi vl stf kifn ndy nhtf thit vdi minh chflng vl sfi Iflpng ke tinh nghi bj ban ngay tgi quing fr tfdng ldn Ttfdng quin ndi rang minh rlt yeu nhtfng tin don lgi truyin ring ngii
Igi cd sflc khfie phi thtfdng Trong Kf sii vi mdt cdi chit dUde bdo tirUdc, nhin vgt "tdi" dtfpc sfl dyng d ngdi thfl nhlt dfing
vai frd ngfldi kl chuyfn, khdng gin lien vdi tic gia TVong cie tieu Auyet cua fing, day li nhin vat "toi" cd khodng cich gan nhlt vdi ddi thfle, tii hifn chin thtfc con ngtfdi cfla nhi
van So vdi "tfii" frong HSi Uc vi mgt co gdi dUm buon eua toi, nhin vgt ndy d\it?c "hfia than" toin difn hon Tuy vgy, nhan
vat "tfii" d day lgi cd khoang eich rlt gan vdi ngdi thfl ba, do stf di ehuyen dilm nhin dl biy td quan diem vl nhflng dilu da biet Ngi^l kl chuyfn frd thdnh ngfldi biet tufit, thl hifn cac diln i^dn khde nhau trfldc mfii sfl kiln Dogn dpc thogi cfla
vj trfldng lao Mita thu cda vi trUdng ldo vl quyln Iflc cd sfl di
chuyen diem nhin hen tyc gifla cic ngoi kl: "Tdi da efi quyln lfle hdn bit k)' itidt ai frong sfi hp nhflng lgi It hdn quyen Iflc cua hai ngtfdi epng lgi, ma van khdng biet ring anh ta eo the quan sit nhflng suy nghi ciia mpt ngtfdi gia ngfldi da luon xuat hifn frong ding vl t h ^ trpng e6 hflu, chflng tdi thay ve dau ddn eua minh frong inh mit, thly sfl tirong fring qua ddt mdi mdng cfla ngtfdi thieu nfl, khfing run ray Idii trln chudi gtfdm
Trang 266
cfla ehflng tdi trong bufii trfla kmh hoing khi hp din gpi anh
dl dfla tin tfle radi vl ngii tfing tiidng" [G.G.Mirquez, 1976,
fr.52] Trong dogn dfic thogi frf n, chiing ta thly sfl di chuyen
dilm nhin lien tyc tfl ngdi thfl nhlt s6 it (tfii) sang ngfii sfi ba
sfi nhilu (hp) roi chuyln sang ngfii thfl nhlt sfi nhilu (chung
tdi) vi Igi chuyln sang ngdi thfl ba sfi nhilu (cdc tfi ehflc, chinh
phfl) Dieu dd cho thSy bdn chat cua chl dfi ehuyen quyln vi
tinh tfly tifn ciia mgng lfldi moi quan hf Nhin vgt li nha bao
gii HSi Uc vi mdt cd gdi dUm budn cua toi, xflfrg "tdi" ngoi kl
thfl nhlt sfi it bfic bgch tdm sfl, kl vl nhflng diln biln trong
ddi sdng vi tinh cdm cua bin than Tfl dilm nhhi trpng tim
eiia nhin vit "tfii", tic gii di ehuyen diem nhin sang my chfl
ehfla kl vl cufic song vi sd phin hSm hiu eua be gdi, rdi di
chuyen sang be gai de the hiln nfii sp hii cfla cd trong khi ngu
khi tiep xuc lln dau vdi nhan vdt tfii, sau dd Igi quay vl dilm
nhin cua nhan vgt "tdi" nhan dinh vl ding ngu lam minh say
eii nhin ve ed gdi toin difn hon, mde dfl dd van Id sfl toin difn
trong mo hd, vi thfle tl lai lich cfla cd bl van khdng dflpc trpn
v?n Tin tdc ve mgt vu bdt cdc, tic gii don frpng tdm kl vio
dgo Cdi nlun cua ngtfdi ke chuyfn Id thuin tuy, khdch quan
Diem nhin eua ngtfdi kl chuyfn tfl bin ngoii, tiln triln theo
dgt dflpc eie dyng y nghf thuat, tac gii di chuyln diem nhin
qua tflng nhin vgt trong stf kiln dang dflpc nhic tdi 0 ding
mdt khfing gian can phfing, tie gid di chuyln dilm nhln qua
tat cd nhan vgt bi bdt cdc vd nhflng ngtfdi canh gifl, Ifit td suy
nghi, eim xflc cfla moi ngfldi Tuy d nhflng vj thl khie nhau
nhflng tat cd ede nhan vgt diu mat ttf do vi cdm thly tfl tung
Dd Id bdn chit cfla stf vifc dtfpc thl hifn qua nhiing doi tflpng
khie nhau Trong dd, dilm nhln chfl dao d ngdi thfl ba van
dtfpc duy tri va chiem tfu thl thdng qua nhflng doan mieu ti
khfing ffan ein phdng hay boat dfing cfla cde nhin vdt eflng
nhfl sfl chi phfii cfla ngtfdi kl chuyfn thfl ba din nhflng ngtfdi
ke chuyfn (hay nhin vat) cdn Igl Giii mi nguyfn nhin edi
chet cfla Diana Turbay, tuyen phat ngdn cua chinh phfl thi cho
rang do la hgu qua cfla cufic chgm frin bat ngd vdi dfii die
nhiem trong khi truy lung Escobar, tuyen thin nhin nan nhdn
thl eho rdng Diana Id ngn nhdn cfla cufic diu tranh vu trang Id
eai chet dtfpc bdo trtfdc edn tuyin cfla bpn bdt cfic thi ndi rang
Diana bj einh sit gilt chit khi bd da thoat khoi bpn bit cfic
Trong mfit sfi trtfdng hpp cy the, di ehuyen dilm nhin dem
din cdm quan da tri eho sdng tdc cua NV Theo quan dilm cfla
J.F.Lyotard, cim quan da frj Id chinh la sy mat niem tin vdo
nhflng dilm nhin khde nhau, NV khfing khdng dinh dflng/
sai, phin xet sau eflng tiiupc ve ngfldi dpc Cde biln sfi (thfing
tin, cim xflc, phdt ngfin, ) dflpc gfli gam vdo dilm nhin cfla
cdc nhan vat deu trd thinh nhflng bien so dpng Trong Trdm
ndm cd ddn, vilt vl tfin gido, tic gid dl cho cic nhin vgt phdt
ngon tfl nhflng diem nhln khde nhau Khkthi cic nhan vat
flng hp, ton thd, khi thi cie nhan vgt phi b ^ g tfin giio Mgc
cho cha xfl Nieano ra sflc giing gidng ve niem tin Kito gido vdi
Jose Arcadio Buendia nhflng arih v ^ khfing thfla nhin, thdm
chi cdn nghi ngd sfl ton tgi cua Thtfpng dl Cudi cflng, cha xfl
mang den eho anh mfit bflc anh cua Thflqhig dl nhtfng anh ta
vln khdng tiifla n h ^ mi ebl coi dd nhfl dfi thfl cdng my n ^ f
mi khdng cd cd sd khoa hpc Cho din khi, dia xfl phii hi bd
f djnh bien anh ta thdnh tin do cfla dao Thiln chua Trong
Kf sU ve mdt cdi chit du^c bdo tintdc Angde Viscario da nhjo
bing eha xii ldm phlp cho 11 cfldi cfla efi bing hinh dnh tiifi tye, mia mai tiidng qua vifc cha thjt mpt con gd vi chl dn mdi eii mio gi
Trong TUdng qudn giaa me Iwn ti'dn, tic gii da stf dyng ky
tiiuit di chuyen dilm nhin luin phien gifla tflng cip nhin vit Khi Mfranda Lynsay din gip Ttfdng quin sau 15 nam, cie
sfl kifn dfing hifn trong qui khfl vi tfldng Iai bin t}c dflpc
kl lai qua dilm nhin eua hai nhin vit niy Mmranda Lynsay lufin nhd den Tfldi^ quin: "nhfl mfit ngtfdi dan fing cfin gii hdn cdi tuoi ba mtfdi hai, da dl xanh xao ving vpt, vdi him ran vd ria mep ldm chdm cua mfit ngtfdi da den va bp tdc ddi eham vai" [G.G.Marquez, 1999 fr.ll2-n3l, cdn Tfldng quan thi nhd den cfi gdi: "Ngoii sdc d?p cfla minh ra, Mfranda cfin
ed mfit pham gii khd vtfpt qua" [G.CMdrquez, 1999, fr.ll2-117], Chuyfn tuih cua hai ngtfdi cich do 15 nam, khi Miranda khdng nhflng gifl dtfpc phlm gia eua nflnh (chi cho ngii diflig lai d nhflng ny hdn trong dem) md cdn giup ngii thoit khoi
vy dm sit mfit eich kin dio vi kip thdi Mfit ciu ndi: "Tat ci se lam dung luc" [G.CMarquez, 1999, tr.l 17-118] dtf pc lap di lap lgi khi thi qua dilm nifln cfla Ttfdng qudn, khi tfu qua difin idfln ciia cfi gai tao cho ngtfdi dpe cim gidc vl phlm ^a vtfpt thdi gain cua CO
3 DA DliM NHiNTRONG MOT CHO T H I TRAN THUAT TRONG Tliu THUY^ COA G,G.MARQUEZ
Day Id dilm mdi cfla nhd vin khi tran thuat, mang d ^ cim quan da frj ngay trong mfit nhln vat, dd chinh la cdm xdc
"Ifldng phin" cua con ngfldi Ddi vdi tilu thuyet huyen do, tac gii thfldng dimg dan xen nhilu ngfii ke khic nhau, frong dd ngfii kl chfl dgo thfldng thupe vl ngtfdi ke chuyfn todn tri Ngfldi kl chuyfn dfldng nhtf "biet tu6t" ve so phin cua cdc nhin vit Sfl di ehuyen diem nhin trong nhflng tilu thuyet nay rlt linh hogt tfl nhan vit ndy sang nhin vat khic
Trong Tin tdc vi mdt vu bdt coc, mfii khi mfit con tin hi nhot
ehung dflpc thd, eon tin cfin Igi eim thay vm budn lln lpn
Vui vi mfit ngfldi bgn di dflpc giii thodt nhflng budn vi so
phin cua minh, vi khdng biet khi nao da dflpc giii thodt Kit thuc so phgn con tm blng vife phdng thich hay hanh quylt cung lam cdc con tin vfla Io sp, vfla mflng vui Khi bi bit mat Maria Montoya, Diana efi thl dtfpc tii tfl do nhtf Beatriz, Azucenza Vi thl, moi khi nhdn dtfpc tin sdp bi dtfa di, cdc nhin vgt diu cdm thly tim trgng !o ling xen lan mu:ig vui Dilu dd tgo nln Iqch tinh cho tieu thuyet mang dim tinh phdng sfl nay Khi Maruja bj bit cde, dang hoang sp, bd thly Beatriz cung bj bpn bit efie dfla vdo, bi khdng bilt chuyfn ^ xdy ra vdi Beatriz nhflng Igi cdm thly vui vi khdng phdi d mpt
minh, nhtfng Iai bufin vi Beatriz cung bi bat cfic Khi bilt tin
Azuceza dtfpc td ttf do, tam trgng cda Diana rat mau thuin, bi nfii vdi Azuceza: "Tdi mflng qui" nhtfng lgi ghi trong nhgt ky cua minh: "Tfii cam thly nhfl bj mdt nhit dao dim vio tun, nhflng tfii ndi vdi Azucenza ring tfii mflng cho chj, chj hay cfl yin tdm" [G-CMarquez, 2001a, tr.l55] Diana vfla mflng vi Azucenza dtf q*e thi, nhflng cung bufin cho s6 phan cfla mmh
Trang 3,•41**,
r f i l i n i " * *
va cdn id khfing cd Azucenza ben cgnh trong phdng giam v i
khdng bilt khi n i o b i se duac thd tfl do
4 DIEM NHIN QUA KHUTTRONG TIEU THUYDT CUA
G.G.MARQUEZ
Diem nhhi q u i khfl Id mpt frong nhiing kilu d i l m nhln phd
biai, dflpc sfl dung n h i l u frong tilu thuyet cfla n h i van Cdc
ky thuit dflpc sfl dyng nhieu cho d i l m nhin q u i khfl bao gdm:
tdi hifn lgi cdc stf Idfn thdng qua hdi fle k l theo 16i ddn trtfdc,
ddn trfldc sfl Idfn x l y ra nhflfrg l i frong qud khfl, roi lgi quay
vl ke lgi stf kiln trong qud khfl tai thdi diem trfldc dd trong
tiidi qua khfl h o i n thdnh
d Phucatativa, d i m thfl hai, ngfii tfla fren g h i dd hdnh lang
sau khi tfing ngdng di dgo d i m vi khfing ngfl dtfpc, Ttfdng
quan lgi n h d v l d i m d Sang ta Hoan de Padara va ndi: "Thit
Id bat hgnh vi khfing cd Rayna Maria Luisa" [G.G.Marquez,
1999, tr.70] Qua khfl dtfpc hdi ttfdng lgi tiieo ldi ke cfla Jose
Palaxiot vi d i m t h i n g gif ng n i m 1820 khi tinh hinh quan sfl
that bgi cfla Ttfdng q u i n tgi rflng mil Ordndcd, ngai p h i i ra
lfnh i n thjt ngtfa vi sp qudn linh se an thit lan nhau, sau dd
Igi quay Igi ke v l cufic g i p gd gifla ngii vd Maria Luisa Sau 5
chuyln hdnh trinh Gilc m o cua Tfldng q u i n ve Sangtangde
l i eii cd d l quay ngtf pc thdi gian k l ve nhan vit n i y trong vy
mtfu phdn djnh gilt ngii trong 10 frang giay
Trong Tinh yeu thdi tho td sau gan 400 trang, t i c gii m d i
quay lgi sfl kifn Uebuio chet (till fr.81- 429 mdi xuat hifn va k l
Igi) Khi dang IK ve chuyln di Vadldupa cua Florentino Ariza,
khi tinh t h i n cau phan chin vi da hen lac dtfpc vdi Fermina
Daza, quay Igi nhflng n i m t h i n g cudi ddi dng khong the quen
dtfpc (fr.l44)
5 NHAP OliM NHlN LAM M^T THEO KY THUAT
•TRAM SONG 0 6 vi MOT BliN"'
Tiong Ti^ng qudn gida me hon trgn, diem nhin cfla Tfldng
quan va Manud Saenh nhilu khi dtfpc nhgp l i m mpt v i nhgp
lim mpt vdi ngtfdi ke chuyln ngdi thfl ba Khi k l ve chuyln
vilhg tham cuoi cung cfla ngdi vdi bd trfldc khi di, t i e gid da
ndi ve tinh ylu v i niem tin gifla hai ngtfdi vdi nhau Di chuyen
diSn nhhi tfl M a n u d Saenh sang Tfldng q u i n "Nhtf tfl liu nay
vin vay, b i d lgi day vdl nhifm vy thfing tin d l y dfl cho ngii
xiy ra frong lfle ngdi ving mat \^ tfl lau ngii khfing tin bat k^ ai
bing bi" [G.GJVlirquez, 1999, fr.9] sang ngfii tiifl ba: "Ttfdng
quan di lgi cho bd gifl hfi mfit sfi ky vgt eua rilng minh"
[G.G-Mdrquez, 1999, fr.9] Khi d Caracal Iln tiifl 2, trong h i n h
fruih tha hfldng, diem nhin cua c i c nhdn vat dflpc nhgp l i m
mfit deu cam thay ke dfic t i i Iao hda d giai dogn cufii thu,
Ttfdng quan thi cam thly: "bfing ding mhih trong i n h sing
ciia Idng thtfdng hgi khi ngdi so sdnh eupe dfin rtf dc sd sai luc
ngii tiln v i o t h i n h pho Caracat n i m 1813" [G.G.Mirquez,
1999, fr.249] Ngtfdi k l chuyfn eiing d d i ^ tinh: "Cupe ddn
rfldc n i y v i cupe ddn rfldc trfldc l y dtfdng nhfl khdng p h i i
Id hai k^ fle cua chlnh mpt cufic ddi" [G.G.Mirquez, 1999,
tn250]
D i l m nhin dtfpc n h l p Iam mfit ngay ca dfii vdi nhiing n h i n
vit trdi chiln tuyin Trpng Tin ti2c vi mgt vu bdt cdc mfii l l n
1 TU ddng cda Phan Tuan Anh
67
t r i ttf d o cho con tin, nhflng ten b i t efie v i nhflng ngtfdi hi bat cde d i u lo Idng Bpn b i t cdc thl lo ling vi sp bi p h i t hifn, n l n rat can frpng vd dgn dd cac con tin p h i i "diln" t h i t ttf nhien neu einh s i t hdl (Beatriz bj bdt phai g i i lam ngfldi vp bj fim ning, Maruja ngfii y i n m p t eieh ttf n h i l n , , ) C i c con tin lo ling khdng bilt minh se dflpc t h i hay dflpc bi b i n , v i n l u dflpc thd thi thd d ndi nao, tfl dja d i l m dd cd t h l tim dtfdc ve
n h i khfing Tm Pacho dtfpc trd ttf do khien bdn than fing vd ca nhflng ngtfdi giam gifl fing deu c i m thay r l t vui stfdng Dilu
dd da cho thly, c i e nhdn vgt du frai ehien tuyen nhtfng deu eo chung mfit t i m trgng Nhflng ngtfdi bi giam gifl, vd phdi canh gic, d i u p h i i sfing trong cdnh ehit hep, b i n thiu, hfii hdm va
c i hai d i u mong thodt khdi e i n h n i y Dilu dd da tfi c i o tfii
ac ciia Escobar v i nhflng t i n tfii phgm m a tfly da gay ra cho nhflng bf n Uen quan
KETLUAN
Vdi sfl ltfa chpn va to chfle d i l m nhin linh b o a t phfl hpp, Mirquez da mang d i n nhflng gfic nhin mdi cho tieu thuyet eua mmh Da d i l m nhin giflp ngtfdi dpc dtfpc dflng d nhieu gdc dp khde nhau, nhgp t h i n v i o c i c nhdn vat trii nghifm cam xue v i ddn n h i n cic thfing difp m a t i c gid gfli gam thdng qua tdc p h l m N h i p d i l m nhln giup ngtfdi doc cd gfic nlun v l eii khdi q u i t mang tinh "chung" Ludn phien d i l m nhln giflp cho dpc gii efi t h l Ian ltf pt trdi nghiem cam xuc cua c i c cap
n h i n vgt trai tuyen h o l e c6 cflng m o t quan diem Nhflng li^
t h u i t n i y dtfpc nhd vin sft dyng r l t thdnh cfing, dem d i n tieng vang cho dia hgt tilu thuylt cfla fing
TAI U|U THAO KHAO
1 Gerand Gennete (1980), Narrative Discoursem, an Essay
in Method, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, The
USA, translated by Jane E.Lewin
2 L l Bd Han chfl bien (2006), TU dien thudt ngtt vdn hoc,
Nid) Giao due Ha Nfii
3 Cao Kun Lan (2015) Tdc ^'d/iflm fln trong tutd hgc tiiu
thuyit, Nxb Hfii N h i van, H i Nfii
4 G.G Mdrquez (2001), Ngdi dgi td chd thU, Nxb \ ^ hpc, Nguyen Trung Ddc v i Manh Tfl dieh
5 G.G Mdrquez (1999), Ttfdng quan m e hon tran, Nxb Hpi Nhd v i n H i Nfii, Nguyin Trung Dfle dich
6 G.G Mirquez (2002), Tinh yeu thdi tho td Nxb Van hpc,
Nguyin Trung Dflc djeh
7 Eric la Reinholtz (1989), How to write about Gabriel
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8 Gerand Gennete(I980),A'ar/-o/iveDi.jcow/-.yem, anEssay
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SUMMARY
This paper researches on choosing and point of view of Gabriel Garcia Mdrquez's novels with contents: multi -pointofview, mix pomt of view into the one; order to order between narrators
Keyword: Gabriel Garcia Mdrquez, point of view, introduction
Nhgn bdi ngdy 29/6/2016 Sda chtta xong 4/7/2016
Duyet ddng 2/7/2016