TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nguyin Thi Nggc Tdm vd tgk THV;C TRANG TO CHlTC TRO CHCH HQC TAP NHAM PHAT TRIEN GHI NHOf CO CHU DINH CUA TRE MAU GIAO 5 6 TUOI NGUYEN TH! NGOC T A M '''' , PHAM PHL/dC MANH"[.]
Trang 1THV;C TRANG TO CHlTC TRO CHCH HQC TAP
NHAM PHAT TRIEN GHI NHOf CO CHU DINH
CUA TRE MAU GIAO 5-6 TUOI
NGUYEN TH! NGOC T A M ' , PHAM PHL/dC MANH"
TOM TAT
Bdi viit trinh bdy kit qud khdo sdt th^c Irgng Id chiec tro chai hoc tap (TCHT) nhdm phdt trien ghi nha co chu d\nh cua tre mdu gido (MG) 5-6 tuoi d mgt s6 trudng mdm non tgi huyen Ddu Tieng, linh Binh Duang Kit qud cho thdy da sS tre MG 5-6 ludi co mice do ghi nhd co chu dinh a muc trung binh Nguyen nhdn chinh Id do gido vien mdm non (G VMN) chua sit dung nhieu bien phdp to chuc TCHT nhdm phdt trien khd nang ndy a tre trong qud trinh gido due Tic kit qud nghien cuu ndy, bdi viet de xudt cdc bien phdp to chuc TCHT nhdm phdt trien ghi nhd co chu dinh cua tre MG 5-6 luoi
Tur khda: thuc trang, td chiic tro chai hpc tap, phat trien ghi nhd cd chii dinh, tre mau
giao 5-6 tuoi, trudng mam non
ABSTRACT
The reality of organizing studying games for young children of 5-6 years
in order to develop intentional memory
The article presents the result of surveys about the reality of organizing studying games for young children of 5-6 years in order lo develop intentional memory of some kindergartens in Dau Tieng district, Binh Duong province Il actually consists of the ratio
of intentional memory in children of 5-6 years and using studying games method of kindergarten teachers As the result, the majority of these kids have intentional memory in medium level The main reason is that kindergarten teachers have not used the measures to develop children's abilities in educational process Result of research, we can propose some organizational methods about studying game to develop intentional memory in children of 5-6 years
Keywords: reality, holding studying games, developing intentional memory,
kindergarten children of 5-6 yeare old, kindergartens
I D^t van &h ghi nhd cd chu dinh, giQ mdt vi tri quan
Trong he thdng giao due qudc dan, trgng ddi vdi tre MG 5-6 tudi trong hoc Dang va Nha nudc ta ludn coi trgng b^c tap d trudng phd thdng
giao due mim non (GDMN), xac dinh Tro chai hoc tap la loai trd chai
nhiem vu GDMN la hinh thanh nhihig giup tre nhd lai va nhan lai cac su vat, ylu td diu tien cua nhan each, chuin bi hien tugng da nhin thiy trudc day hay cho tre vao hoc Idp 1 Trong dd, tinh chii nhimg tri thiic da dugc hge dudi dang djnh cua cac qua trinh tam li, dac biet la bieu tugng TCHT gin liln vdi ngi dung
' ThS, Tnrdng €)$i hpc Thu Dliu MOt; Email: ngoctamspmn@yahoo.com vn
~ TS, Tru'dng Cao ding Su phgm Tmng uong TPHCM
Trang 2TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM
hpc tap ciia tte MG, tod dd, kiln thta
cua tre them chito xac va phong phii,
giup tte tich liiy kito ngMSm cim tito yi
ren luySn cic thao tic tu duy, phit hiSn
cic qua trito toan thta eiia tte, dac biet
li qui ttito ghi tod cd chu djto
Hien nay, d toilu ttvtag mim non,
TCHT chua dupc khai thic va diu tu
dtog mta Cac TCHT cdn don dieu,
ngheo nto lim cho tte khdng thich loai
ttd choi nay BSn cato dd, viee td ehta
TCHT cho ttS ciia giio vien (GV) eon
ctag toic lim mit di tito hip din vdn
cd cua fro choi, do dd lim giim tie dung
giio dye cua TCHT Xuit phit tir totag
U do tten, chtog tdi nghiSn eta thyc
ttang td ehta TCHT toim phit triln gM
tod cd chu djto ciia tte MG 5-6 tudi d
cic" trutag mim non tai huyen Dau
Tilng, tito Bito Duong la mdt trong; a totag eo sd khoa hpc giup GVMN Im.pi;" chpn vi sit dyng cd hi$u qui cac bifjl-,, phip t l ehta TCHT toim phat ttiln ^ : tod cd chu djto cho tre
2 Ket qua khao sit 2.1 Thuc trang miic dd ghl nhd ed ck0 djnh cda tre MG 5-6 tudi
NgMSn e t a su dyng phuong plri^,
dilu tta, khio sat y kiln ciia 28 GV &^:
ldp MG 5-6 tuli va sii dyng phuong phij) quan sat 54 bull choi ciia 140 ttS MG 5-6 tudi tai cac trutag mim non: Son Ca, 13
- 3, Mito Tto; Trutog MG Thato TuySn cua huyen Diu Tilng, tmh Bmh Duong Kit qua khio sit thue ttang vS miic
dp ghi tod cd chu dito cua tte MG 5-6 ttidi khi choi TCHT dugc trito biy d Btog 1 sau day:
Bdng 1 Muc do ghi nhd cd chu dinh ciia tre MG 5-6 tudi khi chai TCHT
Noi dung
1 Tre xie dito dupe muc
dich, ndi dung ghi tod khi
choi
2 TrS cd ed ging ghi tod
ndi dung choi va tai hien
ttong khi choi
3 Tre ed cich thta ghi tod
ttong qui trito choi
4 Tre bilt tu kilm tta qui
trito ghi tod khi choi
5 Tre phto loai vi xep
todm tii lieu eto ghi tod
ttong qua trito choi
6 Tre bilt ghi tod theo
todm ttong qui ttito choi
Mta do Cao Tan
n
so
28
17
18
16
9
13
%
20,0
12,1 12,9 11,4 6,4 9,3
Trung binh Tan
so
78
97
93
88
104
103
%
55,7
69,3 66,4 62,9 74,3 73,6
Thap Tan
so
34
26
29
36
27
24
%
24,3
18,6 20,7 25,7 19,3 17,1
BTB
1.96
1,94 1,92 1,86 1,87 1,92
Bo chuin'
0.67 "
0,55 0,58 0,59 , 0,49 0,51
Trang 3Bang 1 cho thiy sd tre dat miic
trung binh vl ghi nhd cd chu dinh thl
hien trong TCHT chilm ti le khd cao: tre
phan loai va xep nhom tai lieu can ghi
nhd trong qua trinh chai dat ti le 74,3%,
tiSu chi tre biet ghi nhd theo nhdm trong
qua trinh choi dat ti le 73,6% Ngoai ra,
tre bilt tu kilm tra qua trinh ghi nhd khi
choi cung dat miic do thap nhilu nhit
(25,7%) Trong sd cac bieu hien thi viec
tre xac dinh dugc muc dich, ngi dung ghi
nhd khi choi dat miic do cao nhit (20%)
Viec "tre xac dinh dugfc muc dich,
ngi dung ghi nhd khi chai" co ti le ghi
nhd ed chu dinh cua tre d muc cao nhit
chilm 20% va mirc thip la 24,3% Diem
trung birih cua tieu chi tre xac dinh dugfc
muc dich, ndl dung ghi nhd khi chai dat
d muc trung binh xet theo thang diem
chuan Qua quan sat thuc te, khi chai trd
chai "Chiec tui ki la" cho thay da so tre
xac dinh dugc muc dich ndi dung va chu
y tigp nhan nhiem vu dugc giao khi choi
nhu tre khdng dugfc lay dd vat ra khdi tiii
de nhin ma chi doan ten dd vat qua cam,
nam, sd md Tre tap trung chu y cao de
phan doan ten do vat trudc khi lay ra khdi
chiec tui nhung ddi khi tre khdng chii y
d6n cung; tuy nhien, cung cd mdt sd it tre
chua xac dinh dugfc muc dich ndi dung va
khdng chii y tiep nhan nhiem vu dugfc
giao khi chai nguyen nhan la do trd choi
khdng gay himg thii va hap dan tre, hoSc
cung cd the day la mgt han che xuat phat
tir tinh trang sire khde cua tre
Ci tieu chi "tre cd cd gang ghi nhd
nOi dung choi va tai hien trong khi choi",
ti ie tre cd cd gang ghi nhd ngi dung choi
va tai hien trong khi choi d miic do cao
chilm 12,1% vathip chilm 18,6% Dilm
trung binh cua tieu chi "tre cd cd ging ghi nhd ndi dung choi va tai hien trong khi chai" mdi dat d muc do trung binh 1,94 Quan sat hoat ddng chai TCHT cua tre nhu trd choi "Siic sic" cho thiy phin Idn tre cd c6 gang ghi nhd ngi dung choi
va tai hien trong khi chai nhung tre chi
CO gang nhd mdt phan ngi dung va nhiSm
vu choi da quen Chang han, khi chai tro chai "Sue sac" tre chi nhd la dd dugc mat xanh thi duac xuit quan, nlu dd dugc mat vang va dd thi din lugt ban khac Tuy nhien, tre khdng nhd khi xuat quan phai di theo chieu kim dong hd va khong nhd khi nao dugc vao chudng Nhung khi
cd yeu cau tre nhd lai xem khi xuat quan phai di theo chieu nao cua kim ddng hd
va di het bao nhieu vdng tir diem xuat phat de den cira chuong thi da sd tre di diing chieu kim ddng hd nhung lai khdng biet dudng vao chudng Mot sd it tre cd the tu minh co gang ghi nhd ngi dung choi va tai hien trong khi chai Tuy nhien, sd lugfng nay chiem mgt ti le rat nho trong qua trinh khao sat
Ket qua nghien ciiu cdn cho thay
"tre cd each thiic ghi nhd trong qua trinh choi" ti le tre d mirc trung binh dat 66,4%, cao la 12,9% va 20,7% dat muc
do thap Diem trung binh cua tieu chi nay dimg l^i d miie do trung binh dat 1,92 Quan sat tre chai trd "Danh dien bao", khi cd giao yeu cau tay phai cua ban thu nhit nim tay trai ciia ban ngdi ben canh,
cd giao ndi tham vao tai tre ngdi dau hang mdi nhdm mgt chu sd bat ki lam tin hieu dl truyin Sau khi tit ca cac ban ngdi diu hang da nhan dugfC tin hieu, cac nhdm bat dau phat dien bao Ban thii nhat dimg ngdn tay phai go dung so cd cho
Trang 4TAP CHi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM
vao Idng bto tay trii cua ban ke bSn Cii
tou vay, ban niy truyin sang ban khac
vi din ban cudi ctog vilt sd dd len btog,
chtag td todm da phit xong Tuy toien,
da sd tte dato dien bio khdng chito xae
cho ddng dpi eiia mito tin MSu ma cd
phat dien bio cho ttag dpi Khi cd giio
ySu ciu tte diu htog phit l?i tin hieu cd
vto phit ra cho tre vi yeu ciu tte ttoiySn
tin hieu lai cho dpi ciia mito thi tte bat
diu bilt sir dyng mpt sd cich thta dS tod
ttpng qui ttito choi
Quan sit ttd choi "Cato eta ki
dieu" cho thiy phin Ita "tte bilt kiSm tta
qui ttito tod khi choi" hay cdn gpi la
bilt dilu chito hito ddng choi theo luat
toung chua cd he thing, thtoi chi cd
25,7% tte ehua bilt kilm tta qua trito
tod khi choi (chua dilu chito hito dpng
choi theo luat choi) Ching ban, ttong ttd
choi "Cato cto ki dieu", "cito cto" d
day chito li hai dto tte nim tay toau t?io
thato cii cong, cic tre khac xip htog lto
lupt chui qua "ctoh cto" dd Nhiem vy
dat ra eho tre li phii tod cic loai ciy,
boa, qui vdi cic dac diem dae trung eto
chtog hoac chii si, cic chir cii, cac dd
vat, con vat theo ttag nhdm Khi cac ban
muln qua cto phii ndi dtog ten cto mdt
todm nio dd, nlu sai se khdng dupc di
qua (luat choi), GV ySu ciu tre tu dilu
chito hito dtog, hato vi cto mito khi
choi Da sd tre bilt dilu chito hito ddng
choi theo luat choi nhung chua cd he
thing Mpt si it tte cd thl tu mito dilu
chito hato dpng chpi theo luat choi Tuy
toien, sd lupng niy chiem mdt ti IS rit
tod trong qui trito khio sit (11,4%)
Btog 1 cho thiy chi ed 9,3% tte dat
mta dp eao d tiSu chi tte biSt ghi tod
theo todm ttong qui trito choi Trap ddi
vl bilu MSn nay cto ai vdi mpt sd GV j
dang tryc tilp day tte MG 5-6 tudi tU cae |
GV dilu toto djto ring kha ntog phlii loai, sip xip todm vi gM tod theo todin
ttong qui ttito choi cto tte chi dtag lai a
mta dp ttiing bito GV ldp La 3 Trutog Mim non Son Ca vdi tham niSn 15 nam
day ldp 5-6 tuli cho bilt: "Tre cd khd nang ghi nha cd chu dinh trong TCHT hdu nhu chi dung lgi a hdnh dgng hi gidc ben nggdi" GV ldp L i 4 Trutog Mim non 13/3 ctag cho bilt: "Tre chi biit phdn loai, xip nhdm vd ghi nhd theo nhdm trong qud trinh chai khi dugc cd hudng ddn" GV ldp Li 2 Trutog Mim non Mito Tto cho ring: "Da sd ft-c chua biit tu kiim tra qud trinh ghi nha khi chai sau khi chai xong trd chai ndy h-e tiip tuc ldy trd chai khde ra chai" GV
ldp Li 1- Trutag MG Thato Tuyin ctog
chia se; "Hdu hit tre ehua cd cdch thuc ghi nhd khi chai TCHT, tre thudng xuyen quen nhiem vu chai vd chai khdng dung ludt, GV phdi a ben cgnh de hudng ddn
vd nhdc tre choi dung lugt" GV ldp La4
- Trutag Mim non Son Ca toto djto
ring: "Bg sd tre khi chai TCHT, h-e xdc dinh dugc muc dich, ngi dung ghi nhd khi chai, chi mdt vdi h-e do sue khde yeu cUng nhu khd nang chu y kem nen h-e chua xdc dinh dugc cdch chai vd ludt chai" Dilu niy cho thiy kit qui ngMSn
eta thuc ttang khi hpp li vi thuySt phyc, tupng tag vdi dito gii chung cto cie
GV true tilp phy ttach gitog day ldp MG 5-6 tali
2.2 Thuc trgng bi^n phdp to chdrc TCHT nhdm phdt triin ghi nhd cd chu dinh eho tre MG 5-6 tudi
Trang 5Nghien e t a sit dung phuong phap
quan sat 54 budi choi cda tte MG 5-6
tudi, hiu hit li cie bull choi cd GV td
ehta TCHT eho tte tai cic trutag mim
non: Son Ca, 13-3, Mito Tto; Trutag
MG Thato Tuyen d huyen Dau TiSng,
tinh Bito Duong
Ket qua du gid va quan sat thuc te
54 budi su dung bien phip td ehta TCHT nhtol phat triln ghi tod cd chu djto eho tte duac the hien d Btog 2 sau day:
Bang 2 Ket qud khdo sdt thuc trgng GV sir dung bien phdp Id chirc TCHT
nhdm phdt triin ghi nhtt cd chii dinh cho Ire MG 5-6 tudi
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
Cac bifn phap
Xay dung mdi ttirtag choi da dang, hip din vi mang
tito phit ttiSn
Lap ke hoach td ehta choi cho tre
Ttog eutag td ehta cho tre dupc choi vdi eae loai trd
choi dudi toieu hito thta choi khic toau
Tao ra totag tito hudng choi mang tito cd vto de vi
gay sy tip trung, htag thu cho tte
Tham gia choi ttd chai cto tre btog cieh kit hpp bien
phip dtag ldi, bien phap true quan vi thyc hinh
Thutag xuyen kiem tta, dito gii ket qua choi va diSu
chito kS hoach chai cho tre
Tong cong
Tan so
33
7
2
10
53
35
140
Ti IS % 23,57 5,00 1,43 7,14 37,86 25,00
100
Bang 2 cho thay cd den 37,86% GV
sd dung bien phap tham gia chai trd chai
cua tre bang each ket hgfp bien phap diing
Idi, bien phap true quan va thuc hanh
Bien phap nay dugrc GV su dung nhilu
nhit khi td chiic TCHT cho tre Cd 25%
GV sii dung bien phap thudng xuyen
kiem tra, danh gia ket qua chai va dieu
chinh ke hoach choi cho tre va 23,57%
GV quan tam din viec xay dung mdi
trudng choi da dang, hap dan va mang
tinh phat trien khi td chiic TCHT cho tre
MG 5-6 tudi Nhu v^y, hai bien phap nay
rit d ^ trung, la khau dau tien va khau
cudi ciing de td chiic TCHT cho tre va
dugrc gin 50% GV su dung
Thdng qua TCHT thi binh dien hoat
ddng ben ngoai va binh dien ben trong cua tri tue nhan thuc dugfc khai thac, the hien va phat trien Binh dien ben ngoai la phuang thirc hoat ddng tuang img, phu hgp trong trd choi, binh dien ben trong la cac qua trinh, cac hanh dgng nhan thirc
da dugc van dung va bgc 16 Dieu nay chi dien ra mdt each co y nghTa khi tre choi tich cue dudi "ke hoach hda", "dinh hudng" va "kich thich" ciia GV, nhung chi ed khoang 5% GV sir dung bien phap lap ke hoach td chiic chai cho tre Dieu nay cho thay cd rat it GV chii y den viec lap kl hoach td chiic trd choi cho tre Viec tao ra nhiing tinh hudng chai mang tinh cd van de va gay su tap trung, hiing thii cho tre chi cd 7,14% GV sii dung va
Trang 6TAP CHl KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM
1,43% GV su dyng bien phip ttog cutag
td ehta cho tre dupc chai cie loai ttd
choi dudi toilu hito thta choi khic toau
da din din Men tupng TCHT khdng thu
hiit tre, thtoi chi ttd nen "cutog ep" do
qui ntog vl tito chit giii dap dtog - sai
d kit qui choi
Nhin chung, chito totag ban che
cto GV khi toto thta vl bta chit vi viee
"ctag hda" cac bien phap t l chiie TCHT
da lim i t o hutag din su phat ttiln tri tue
toto thta cto tre ndi ehung vi ghi tod
cd chu djto ndi rieng
3 Bien phap t l chiic TCHT nham
phat triln ghi nhd co chu dmh cua tre
MG 5-6 tuli
Viec lira chpn, thilt kl vi ttiln khai
cie bien phap td ehta TCHT toim phat
triln ghi tod ed chii dinh cto tte MG 5-6
tuli phai eto cir vao myc dich, ndi duiig,
cac phuang tien giao dye va die diSm
phit triln cto frS d lto tudi niy, tod cac
bien phip t l ehta boat dtog giio dye cto
GV mi tte lito hdi dupc totag ki ntog
ghi tod ed chu dito va vto dyng totag
hilu bilt dp vao cic npi dung khic toau
cua ttd choi Vi thl, dl phit huy vai trd
cto TCHT trong viec phit trien ghi tod
ed chii djto cto tre MG 5-6 tudi ddi hdi
GVMN cin phii tim ra eac bien phip td
ehta TCHT thich hpp toit
Dua tren kit qua nghiSn eta thuc
ttang va co sd li luto vS bien phip td
ehta hoat dpng vui chai eho tre d ttutag
mim non vi dac diem tam sito li cua tte
trong giai doan 5-6 tuli, chtog tdi dS
xuit mpt sd bien phap td ehta TCHT
toim phit triln ghi too cd chu djto eho
tre MG 5-6 tudi tou sau:
Biin phdp 1 Xdy dung mdi truang
chai da dgng, hdp ddn vd mang tinh phdt trien
Xay dung mdi trutag ehoi da djng hip din vi mang tito phat triln chito Ji viec chuin bi mdi trutag chcri cho TCHT toim dap tag khi ntog choi cto tre ttong hien tai, tuong lai va phat triln hoat ddng choi cho tte Nhd cd su b l sung, thay ddi dd choi, vat lieu chai mpt cieh thutag xuyen, phii hpp vdi yeu cau eiia TCHT, ttS ed ca hOi tilp xiic, lam quen vdi thl gidi do choi, dupe ehoi vdi do chai va thilt kl dl chai cho mmh, cho todm Chito dilu do tao cho tte htag thii tilp toto toiem vy choi, giup tte chu ddng tich cue tham gia vio ttd choi, co ging ghi tod ndi dung chcri v i tai Men ttong khi chai
c i n xiy dung mdi trutag ehoi hutag tdi phit ttiln ndi dung TCHT vi tao cho tte thuc h i t o vdi dd choi, dupc choi vdi dl chai, khuyin kMch tte tich cue, chu ddng vi biet sir dyng mdt s6 cich thta dan gito ben ngoai de ghi tod ttong qui ttito choi
Biln phip 2 Lap ke hoach td chuc
chai cho tre
Lip kl hoach hutag din ttd ehoi la vto bto do GV phu ttach ldp xiy dung, ttong dd xic djto totag Men phip to ehta TCHT toim phat ttiln ghi tod c6 chu djto eto tte ttong ttag ttd choi cu thl vdi khotog thdi gian toit djto Trong cic kl hoach choi, cto cii tito hito choi cto tre d thdi diSm len ke hoach, GV de
ra cic toiem vy va bien phip td ehta ttd choi radi hoac tiep tyc phit ttien ttd chcfi mitre dang ehoi
K I hoach td ehta boat dpng vui choi li vto bto xic lap toiem vy va each
Trang 7thirc tac ddng ma GV du kiln se th\rc
hien de phat trien kha nang ghi nhd cd
chii dinh ciia tre trong cae trd chai cu thl
hay de td chirc gid chai cua tre d nhdm
ldp mam non
Vice thiet ke ke hoach giao due can
dua vao nhieu yeu td, trong do quan
trgng nhit la dua vao miic do phat triln
ghi nhd cd chu dinh cua tre Dieu nay
khdng chi dam bao mdt ke hoach phii
hgp vdi dac diem ghi nhd cd chu dinh
eiia tre ma edn dam bao tinh kha thi ciia
kl hoach khi dua vao thue tien Han ntia,
sir dung ket qua quan sat vao viec lap kl
hoach giao due se khac phuc dugfc benh
"hinh thiic" trong giao due mam non
Bi^n phdp 3 Tgo ra nhimg tinh
huong chai mang tinh co vdn ve vd tgo su
tap trung, hung thu cho tre
Bien phap tao ra nhirng tinh hudng
choi mang tinh cd van de, cudn hiit tre
vao cac tinh hudng chai cd y nghia rat
lon ddi vdi tre MG 5-6 tudi Cac tinh
hudng ehoi mang tinh cd van de lam t ^ g
tinh hap dan cua trd chai, giiip tre de
d^g tiep nh^n nhiem vu chai, tich cue cd
gSng ghi nhd ngi dung chai va tai hien
trong khi chai Chiing tao ra hiing thii va
duy tri hiing thu den nhiem vu nh$n thiic,
kich thich sir td md va su ham mudn
kham pha bi m^t thd gidi xung quanh cua
tre, gdp phin tich ciic hda qua trinh ghi
nhd CO chu dinh cua tre MG, dac biet la
tre MG 5-6 tudi trong TCHT
Cac tinh hudng choi mang tinh cd
vin dl lam tang tinh hap dan ciia trd
choi, thda man nhu e§u nhan thirc ciia tre,
kich thich tre tim tdi Khi giai quylt cac
vin dl xuit hien trong trd chai, tre phai
vgn dung vdn kinh nghiem dl phan tich
cac digu kien da cho, xay dung kl hoach hoat ddng phu hgp va tu bilt kilm tra kit qua chai ciia minh Dilu n^y lam tich cue hda qua trinh ghi nhd cd chu dinh ciia tre
MG 5-6 tudi khi choi TCHT
Bi^n phdp 4 Tdng cudng to chuc
cho tre dugc chai vai cdc hgi TCHT dudi nhieu hinh thuc chai khde nhau
Viec tang cudng va td chiic cho tre dugfc chai vdi nhilu loai TCHT, tao dilu kien cho tre chai dudi cac hinh thiic choi khac nhau, nhu: ea nhin, theo nhom, tap the ldp nham thuc hien muc tieu giao dye va cung ed kiln thuc, hinh thanh kT nang thuc hanh choi, tinh ddc lap, phat trien nang luc nh$n thiic va ghi nhd cd chu dinh
Cho tre tu choi va thudng xuyen eho tre choi tap vdi nhilu dang TCHT khac nhau nhim hinh thanh va phat trien
kl nang choi ciia tre Nhd cd kl nang chai tre mdi ed the tu nhd each choi, luat chai, ndi dung chcri; tre cd thl ITnh hgi dugfc nhiem vu nhan thiic va tao dieu kiSn cho tre ghi nhd cd chii dinh khi choi Khi tu td chiic choi nhihig trd chai
ma tre thich, phu hgfp vdi dac diem ghi nhd cd chil dinh ciia tre, tre khong cam thiy "bi choi", tre dugc tu do tham gia,
tu do lua chgn chcri theo hiing thii, theo nhu ciu ciia ban than, dugc bgc Ig kha nang ca nhan, dugc trao ddi, nhan xet, tu lua chgn cac giai phap trong qua trinh ehoi, tir dd giiip tre nhanh chdng ghi nhd cac ngi dung chcri, luat choi, each chai mdt each cd chu djnh
Bi$n phdp 5 Tham gia chai trd
chai cua tre bdng cdch ket hap bi$n phdp diing led, bien phdp trtfc quan vd thuc hdnh trong qud trinh to chiec cho tre chai
Trang 8TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM
Bien phip dtog ldi dudi d ^ g ldi
chi din, giii thich bing ldi cua GV t^o
cho tte kha ntog nghe va MSu ngudi
khic, day tte ndi eho ngudi khic MSu,
totag sy ttao dli bing ldi, sy giii thich,
totag ciu hdi gito cd va tte tao dieu
kien cho GV hutag din tte tap trutig, cliii
y ling nghe va ghi tod mpt sd biSu
tupng, khii niSm dan gito TrSn ca sd
dd, GV giiip tte md rdng, tich liiy vdn
kito nghiSm va ntog cao mta dp ghi tod
cd ehu dito bing ngdn ngO
Bien phip ttuc quan li cich thta cu
thl giup tte dupe quan sat, lim queri vdi
cic Men tupng, su viSc vi totag dd vat
th^t ctog tou cae loai trato, ato, phim
den chilu, md hito, so dd miSu t i dd vat
nay hay dl v$t khic Tito true quan d
day dupc thl Men khdng ehi giup tte lam
quen vdi thl gidi xung quato btag mat,
bing tai mi edn bing cam giic cto ddi
tay (su sd md vi khio sit cie dd vat ),
tao dilu kien thuto loi eho viec phat triSn
boat ddng toto cim cto tte
Bien phip thyc hito li totag bien
phip mi GV su dung khi t l ehta boat
dtog thuc tiSn cho tte (cho tre thue hito,
ta ttii nghiem) Chito d boat ddng thuc
tiSn nay, tre se nim dupc cae tri thta vi
kl ntog, tao dilu kien cho tre tham gia
true tilp vao hoat dpng, tir dd giup tte
toto thta sau sac hon, dpc l|p ban va
ntog cao chit lupng ghi tod cd chu djto
Nhu v$y, su kSt hpp cic bien phip
tren trong qui trito td ehta TCHT khdng
totag giiip tte toin GV lim, nghe GV
ndi mi edn ttuc tilp tham gia vao boat
dOng ctog GV vi cac ban; dupc tim
kilm, lya chpn cac phuong thta ghi nhd
cd chil djto theo khi ntog eto mito
Chito dilu niy, mdt m Jt cd sta cudn hiit vdi tte, tao htag thii, duy tti htag thu tilp toto toiem vy chcri va giiip tte dft dtog phto loai, xip todm va tod ths^ todm; mjt khic, tao dilu kiSn thufn 1^ cho tte tu kilm tta qui ttito ^ tod kM ehoi; tii do, gdp phin phat triln gM nhd
cd chii djto cho tte kM chcri TCHT
Bien phdp 6 Thudng xuyen kiem
tra, ddnh gid kit qud chai vd dieu chirih
ki hogeh chai cho tre
Dito gii khdng chi toim xic dinh kit qui giao dye da dat dupc mi nd edn
l i mdt khau, mpt phuong phap giio due
ed hieu qua D i t o gii kit qto choi cua tre cd vai ttd quan ttpng then chdt ttong qua ttito t l ehta ehoi, bdi vi nd vira la khau cudi toung ciing Ii budc khdi dau cho qui trito su pham tilp theo Dua tten kit qui dito gia, GV cd the xac dinh dupc chit lupng va hieu qui eto totog Men phap sir dung, phat Men toiing thieu sdt, tdn tai cto chtog dl tir dd diSu ehinh cho phii hpp vdi die diSm ghi tod cd chu djto cto ttag tte, hutag tdi kit qua kha quan ban ttong cdng tic td ehta TCHT toim phit triln ghi tod ed chu djto cho tre MG 5-6 tudi
Dato gia kit qui choi cto tte la viee GV xie djto chit lupng va Meu qua cto viec t l ehta TCHT cho tte MG 5-6 tuli Dua ttSn kit qui kilm tta, dato gia frS ehoi, GV phit Men va dilu chito totag dilm ehua phii hpp toam thuc Men cie myc tieu giio dye dl ra Ngoii
ra, viee dato gii ket qui choi cua tte cdn giup GV dito gia khi ntog ghi tod co chii djto v i sy phat ttiln TCHT eto tte ttong tuong lai Day Ii co sd dS l^p ke hoach t l ehta TCHT tiSp theo
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Trang 9Tren day la nhiing bien phap mang
tinh he thdng nhim giiip GVMN td chirc
TCHT Tuy nhien, tiiy theo tinh chat cua
timg TCHT, nang luc cua tre va dilu kien
ma GV ed the su dung phdi hgp, van
dung linh hoat, phu hop, nham phat trien
kha nang ghi nhd cd chii dinh ciia tre
4 K@t luan
Ket qua nghien ciiu thuc treing to
chiic TCHT nham phat trien ghi nhd cd
chu dinh cho tre MG 5-6 tudi d cac
trudng mam non huyen Dau Tieng cho
thay: Miic do ghi nhd cd chii dinh ciia tre
khi chai TCHT d muc trung binh chiem
ti le dang ke Sd tre xep loai trung binh d
tat ca cac tieu chi deu chiem ti 16 tren
55%, cd nghla la da sd tre dat miic trung
binh d cac tieu chi danh gia miic dp ghl
nhd ed chii dinh Miic dg ghi nhd cd chii
dinh cua tre khi chcri TCHT ehi d miic
himg binh Da sd GVMN cdn liing tiing
trong viec lya chon va su dyng cd hieu qua cac bien phap td chuc TCHT nhim phat trien ghi nhd cd chu dinh cho tre
MG 5-6 tuli da anh hudng khong it din kha nang ghi nhd ed chii dinh ciia tre Nhu vay, mdt trong nhiing nguyen nhan anh hudng din miic do ghi nhd cd chu dinh ciia tre MG 5-6 tudi la do GV mdm non chua su dung hieu qua cac bien phap t l ehiic TCHT cho tre Dieu nay cho thay de nang cao mirc do ghi nhd cd chu dinh cua tre MG 5-6 tudi thi GVMN can sii dung hieu qua cae bien phap td chirc TCHT cho tre
Viec tim ra cac bien phap phii hop nhim khic phuc nhiing han che tren chinh la nghien cijru iing dung cac bien phap td chiic TCHT cho tre mdt each hop
li cua GV d cac trudng mam non nham phat trien nang luc ghi nhd cd chu djnh cua tre 5-6 tudi trong hoat dgng nay
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Bd Giao due vaDao tao (2009), Chuang trinh gido due mdm non Nxb giao due
2 Nguyen Thi Hda (2007), Phdt huy tinh lich cue nhdn thuc cua tre mdu gido 5-6 tudi trong tro chai hoc tap, Nxb Dai hoc Su pham
3 Nguyin Thi Hda (2009), Gido due hoc mdm non, Nxb.Dai hoc Su pham
4 Le Thi Minh Ha (2002), Nhicng diiu kien tdm li cua viec td chuc iro chai hoc lap nhdm ndng cao chdt luang tri nhd co chu dinh cua tre 5-6 ludi, Luan an Tiln sT Tam
li hge, Trudng Dai hge Su pham Ha Ngi
5 Nguyin Thi Thanh Ha (2012), Gido trinh Id chuc hogl dong vui chai trong trudng mdm non, Nxb Giao due Viet Nam
6 Mai Nguyet Nga (2007), Tdm li hoc h-e em lica tudi mdm non, Nxb Giao due
7 Huynh Van Son (2012), Gido trinh tdm li hge dgi cuong Nxb Dai hge Su pham TP
Hd Chi Minh
8 Nguyen Anh Tuylt (2000), Trd chai cua Ire em, Nxb Phu mi
9 Trin Thi Trgng, Phan Thi Sim (2004), Tuyin tap trd chai, bdi hdt, tha truyen mdu gido 5-6 tudi, Nxb Giao due
10 Dinh Van Vang (2008), Gido trinh gido due hoc mdm non, Nxb Giao due (Ngdy Tda so^n nh$n ^iigc bdi: 11-8-2014; ngdy phdn bi$n ddnh gid 20-9-2014, ng^y chSp nhdn ddng: 23-7-2016)