32JLL S6 7 2016 J THlfC TRANG XAY DlfNG MOI TRUOfNG PHAT HUY TfNHTfCHCUCCUATREB BTUOl TRONG HOAT DONG VUI CHOI ft TRUOING MAM NON ;v/ry NGUYINNGQCQU^ Khoa Su pham Mira non, Truong Dai hoc Ife Long, Qu[.]
Trang 132JLL
THlfC TRANG XAY DlfNG MOI TRUOfNG PHAT HUY
TfNHTfCHCUCCUATREB-BTUOl
TRONG HOAT DONG VUI CHOI ft TRUOING MAM NON
Khoa Su pham M i r a non, Truong Dai hoc Ife Long, Quing Ninh
I MO DAU
Tinh tidi cyc la mpt yeu to quan trpng trong qua binb lunh tiianh
v l [ ^ trien nhan each toan d i ^ cua tri Tinh tfch cyc II mpt yeu to
quan tn^g trong phim chit tim 1^ ciia c l nhln, a l 11 dilu I d ^ giup
d nhan gili quyet nhiem vudStm tiong hoat dpng ciia nunh Phlt
buy tuih tich cyc cho tre mam oon hidn lAigc cac nhi gHo due quan
tim v i d i t Q&i v) bi quan trpng hlng diu troog myc tilu chSm soc v l
giao dye tie Nhiem vu phlt huy t u ^ tich cyc cua bie dupc fliyc hien
tiling qua rihieu phuong ti|n giao dye khac nhau trong do co ho^t
dpng vui choi
Tinh tieh cyc ciia tre trong Idii choi ph^ tiiupc vio nhieu ylu to
trong do cd moi tnrong choi Nhd cd moi trucmg choi, tre c6 nhieu
CO bpi &ra ra nhihig y tirong v l tiiyc hiln cic y tiidng choi cua minb
Viec td dmc cho til dupc h o ^ dpng, trai n ^ | m , kham pha ttong
moi tnr6ng choi da d^g, hip din, phong phii s€ tao dilu ki|n thiic
day sy chii dpng, c5 ^ n g , no lyc het rmnh ciia tre trong khi choi
ri Ndi DUNG
1 Khii niem moi frudng choi
Moi tnrcmg choi co vai tro vd ding quan trpng phat huy tinh ti'ch
cyc ciia tre X ^ dyng moi ttuong hip din, dqi n ^ se loi cu&i su
chu y cua tte din tto choi, giup tre CO thai dp tich cue doi vdi tto ehoi,
hiing till tiong qui trinh choi Moi trucmg choi hip din se kich fliich,
tao ra dpng co cho b l boat dpng, tic dpng vao hung fliii ciia til kbiea
tri hio hiing tiiam gia vao tto choi, choi bit minh v l dat dupc kit qui
nhu mong dpi
- Moi tnr&ng vat chat
Moi tmdng vat ch^ cd vai tto quan bpng tiung ho^t dpng vui
choi ciia tre Cac do choi, nguyin vat li|u khong gian choi co anh
duong manh ml din qua tiinh choi ciia tti D6 choi d?p mit, clch bli
til se tiiu hiit til hoat dpng mpt each tfch cyc
Ve khong gian choi: Nlu khong gian go bo, ch|t hep tiii tte se
khong phat huy dupc y tirong ciia minh, sy sang tao ra iihiing tio choi
hay npi dung choi mdi cung se bj han chl Dieu nly lam gilm hiing
flui choi cua tri Vi vay, d i tie d^t dupc sy khoai cam, tiiich fliii, ho?t
ddng lfch cyc het minh ttoog qua trinh choi tiii doi hoi khong gian
phai rpng rai, hai hoa, tao dupc su h ^ din tiiic diy dira tre choi mpt
each ti'ch cyc
Ve d i dung, do choi, nguyen vat lieu: Tre de bi loi cu6n vao cac d l
diing do choi I9 mit, hip dan, mlu sac, d c h bai tn va hinh dang d^p
Su da dang jdiong phu v l sip xip dd cboi dieo hiring md sekidi tiiich dira til boat t^ng mpt each tich cyc hon, til n^^ sioh nfaiSuy biDog choi mdi ml, sang tao hon
v i tiioi gian cboi: phy fliupc v ^ hung tiiu v l opt dui^ choi cm tre Khi cdn hung tiili tre se ra sue till hi|n niinh v l chcri bet ndrdi, do vly didi gian choi coo keo dai niu til vln ccm hiing tini vl tidi cyc choi, ogupc lai tiicri gian cboi s l kit tiiuc n ^ til khnig cdo bung dui vdi tro dioi nua Niu tie hit hiing tiiii ma tiwi gian dun tro choi ran
c ^ keo dai tte sl cboi mpt c ^ tiiy dpng, m i ^ cuong Do v^, i ^ vile d i ^ tri sy hiiog thu cua b l trong sufit qua trioh ( ^ tiu gilo vien
d n quan tam den thdi gian choi ciia tte Tre s€ hung tiiii hon kfai co
du tiioi gian dl Ihyc hieo y tiidog cboi ciia mmh
-Moi tnrtmg tam ly Tr^ng dial cua tie tioog qua trinh tham ^ hoat d ^ se tac d$Qg manh me len kit qui boat dpng cua chiing Tre cd tam ttang tit, ticfa cyc, vui ve, tiiich tiili till se ^ g cuong dupc sdc manh, nghj 1^ cua til trong boat dong, lam ^ dnh tich cue d til va oguoc lpi i»i ti^g tiiai ciia tre buon phien, li rii, sp hai se giam tfnh tich cue ho^ dpng cua be
Khi tte dupc choi tiong bau khong khi tarn ly vui ve, tholi mai, tifi: dupc ty lya chpo vai choi, goc choi, ty d i xuit y tucmg cboi va d^B' hi|n y tirdng do mpt d c h ty tin, ebii dpng tiu tie se tich cyc bon trra% qua binh choi Tre rat tiiich khi y tudng ciia ininh dupc tiiuc hiea M3 khic mdi ttuong choi vui ve, thoai mai s l giiip cho quan h§ d a b ! vdi cac ban dtipc ^ ket Tre sS ciiog tiilo luan, hpp tac, chia se,hol tiiu|n, tiiong nhat ;>^ tiidng, cung nhau tim kilm phuong tiendeti^B hi|n y tudng choi va cimg nhau tham gia ti'ch cue vao d c hjat dgng chung ciia nhom
2 Thuc trang xay dung moi trudog phlt huy tinb tich OK dt
tri 5-6 tuoi trong hoat dpng vui choi
De nimlHi dupc tiiuc ti?ng viec xay dyng moi truong phathuy tMi ti'ch eye aia tre trong hoEtt dOng vui choi 0 tnrcmg mam non chui^ tBi diing philu hoi ket hpp vdi phuong p b ^ tid chuyai, jriiuongiih^ quan s ^ khao sit tien 50 giao vien mim non tai mpt so biroDg isaiii non timnh pho Uong Bi, tinh Quang Ninh ve cac van d i sau: ^ s
Thi nhdt: Anh/chi thudng sie dung bien phqjj^ dung mdi tni^, chai ndo dudi ddy nhdm phdt huy tinh tkh cue cua tre mduffOiH tuoi trong hoat dgng vui chai vd muc dg sie iimg cdc bi^n^
•Sii,
Trang 2h Dgl/vttHpC $67-2016 33
^m
«!(•
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
Muc do
Bien phdp
Tao khong gian chcfi moi la
Tan dun^cac nguyen vat lieu thien nhien c6 san ddia phuong
de lam do choi, vat lieu choi cho tre
Thiet ke, bo tri, sap xep do dung, do choi, nguyen vat lieu da
dang, phong phii du^di dang md d cac goc, cac khu vuc chai
Cho tre tir lam do choi, tim kiem vat lieu choi
Dpng viea, khich le y tudng choi cua tre
Tao tinh huong choi mdi
Thuoug xuveii
SL
20
25
30
30
33
25
%
40
50
60
60
66
50
Thinh
ihuiHlg
SL
28
20
15
15
15
15
%
56
40
30
30
30
30
Khong brto aid
SL
2
5
5
5
2
10
%
4
10
10
10
4
20 Kit qua khio sit thiic tr?ng cho thly elc bi|n phlp dUa canh dd vi|c khong bao gid siJt dyng cac bi|n phlp trln van
ra ditgrc gilo viln liia chpn sd dyng cac mde dp khic nhau c6 Die bi|t 11 bi|n phlp tao tinh hudng choi mdi c6 din Mde d$ siJl dung thiidng xuyen cle biln phap 11 tuong d6i 20% gilo viln iMa chpn khlng bao gid sd dung,
ddng diu (bi|n phap 2 den bi|n phlp 6 sft dyng thUdng T/H^ haj Khi xSy dyng moi tnidng phit huy tinh tfch cdc cua
xuyen tree 50%, cdn biln phlp 1 mde dp sfl dyng thiidng tre trong HDVC anh/chi diUdng g|p nhiing khd khan nio? xuyin 11 40% thap hon so vdi cac bi|n phdp khic) Bin
i e a
amU
anji:
k
2
3
4
5
6
Kho khiin thu'dng gap Nflng lire thict kc xay dtmg moi tnrdng choi cna guio vicn cdn han
che
Co sd v;it clijit dd diing dd choi, i;il Iicii cdn thicu nglico nan
Sd lirona tre troils Idjl qiui ddiiiz
KJtdng gi,in chai cdn hqn che
Ciliio vien CO If thai gian dc-inli cho vice lap kc hoach V.T xiiy dimg
mdi Irirtmg chai cho Ire
Tllicu tlii licit hirdng Jan vivdung moi limmg chai cho tre
Y kien lull chon 40/5(1 46/50 4S/5II 3S/50 43/50 45/5(1
Ty lc "/ ' X(l
92 :, 96
76
86
90
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Kit qui khio sit cho thay, da sd gjlo viln mim non cho ring
khi xly dyng moi tnidng phat huy tinh tich eUc ciia tre trong
hoat ^ n g vui choi cd khd khan vi: sd Iticfi^ tre dong (chilm
96%); VI CO sd vat chat, dd diing dd choi, v^t h|u c6n dillu vl
nghio nln chiia dap dng diipc ylu d u eho vi|e xly dUng moi
tnfdng choi d d c gdc chdi d c chii dl chcri (chilm 92%); Ve
vi|c thilu tli li^u hUdng dan xly di^ng moi tnidng choi cho
tre (ehilm 90%); gilo viln cd it didi gian danh cho vi|c lip kl
hogdi vk xiy dilng moi tnJdi^ choi cho tri (ehilm 86%); Ning
liic thilt kl, xly dyr^ mdi ttiidng choi ciia gilo viln cln hgn
che (chilm 80%); Cuoi cung hp cho rang khd khan vl khong
gian ehoi (chiem 76%);
Qua philu bli ehdng tli diia ra mpt sd biln phlp vl khd
khln khi xay dting mli tnidng phlt huy thih tich cyc cda tti
5-6 tudi trong HDVC diu dUpe gilo viln mam non lila chpn
theo dch ml hp eho 11 diing Cdn ttin thtie t l quan sat t^i d c
tnidng mim non chui^ tdi thly;
+ Thd nhlt: D6 dimg dd choi, nguyin hpc li|u cho tri c6n
ngheo nln, h^n che vl so lii^g, chd ylu 11 do dung dl choi
mua san it thly bdng ding cda d c do diir^ dd ehdi ty t?o, mpt
s6 ldp cd nhiing chi dl tning biy cho d?p chd tti khlng dtipc
choL Nguyin vit li|u thien nhiln c6 sin d dja phiiOng cung
khdng thly cd tai d c goc boat dpng Qua trao ddi, gilo ^^In
cung cho rfng cln dau tii llm dd ehoi ty t ^ , can tin dyng d c
nguyla v|t Ii|u san cd 6 dia phtiOng Tuy nhiln, cd qui rdiilu
hoat ddng trong ngiy d ttUdng nln hp khong thl chuin bi
Khi thay ddi chii de khong thly giao viln thay doi, sip xlp,
bd tti lai d6 dimg, dd ciioi hpe h|u d cie goe eho phii hdp Trao
ddi vdi giao viln thi chdng tdi nhan dtipc eie li do chii quan vl khieh quan khae nhau: ldp ttat, tri dong vi|c di chuyln, thay ddi dc goe khd khan; dang dpt thanh tta, thi giao vien gi6i, ch'uin bj chuyln dl elp trudng, d p thlnh phd nln ehUa ehd trpi^ diipc cong vi|e nay
+ Thd hai: Khdng gian choi hep (do diln tieh phdng nhlm
vl s6 tti ddng tten 40 chiu/1 ldp), khi to chdc eho tti ehdi chd ylu d c CO to chdc chdi trong ldp hpc it tan dung d c di|n tich ngoai hlnh lang ldp hpc, san tnidng CIc goc thtidng dit gin sit nhau, inh hUdng din qui ttinh ehoi eua tri nhil: glc sach truyin cln mOt khong gjan yin tinh thi 1^ dat canh gle ehcfl phan vai; 111 di 1^ gida cle gle gip nhilu kh6 khan eho tri + Thd ba: Tli li|u hudng din xly dyng mdi trUdng choi mit deh cy thl lai thilu nen giio viln khlng cd co hdi hpc hdi, nlng cao trinh dp chuyln mfin eda minh Vile hpc tap hoi ditdng kl ning xly dting mdi trUdng choi nhlm gip phan phlt trien nhln clch tre noi chung va tinh tich eye eho tre ndi rieng chtia dtipc cac ban nginh mim non quan tam Gilo viln thl th^t sd chUa chd ttpng den vi|c thay dil thtidng xuyin mdi trtidng ehoi nhlm phit huy tfnh tich ctic eua tre, vile sd dyng d c biln phlp ciia giio viln edn rat ban chl nln hilu qua chtia cao
+ Ihd td: Ban giam hilu nha tnidng chtia thtie sti quan tim
Trang 334
xay dting moi trtidng, td chdc htidng dan HDVC nhlm phlt
huy tinh tieh ctic cua tti Nlu di dti gid, kilm ti:^ thi hp chi chd
ttpng den hoat ding hpc t ^ ed chu dfch, chtia tb|t sti quan
tam din HDVC, den vi|c xly dting mli trtidng ehdi cho tti t?i
dcldp
Qua nghiln cdu vl khio sit thtie tr^ng ehdng tdi thly vi|e
xay dyng mli tnidng phit huy tinh tieh ctie eda tre 5-6 tuoi
ttong HDVC chtia cao, xult phat tii nhilu nguyen nhan:
- Gilo viln mam non tuy da nhln thdc dtipe vai trd va tam
quan trpng eiia vi|c xly dyng mdi trtidng phat huy ttnh tich
cyc cua tti 5-6 tuoi trong HDVC Tuy nhiln, bien phip xay
dyng mdi tnidng cua gilo viln cdn c6 nhilu han chi, d e biln
phlp thiidng bi dOng vl khdng thtidng xuyin thay doi nln Inh
htfdng den sy phlt huy tinh tich cyc cua tti ttong HDVC
- Tai li|u htidng dan xay dyng mli tnidng choi eho ti^ con
thilu; giio viln chtia dupc tham gia vio d c ldp tip huan bdi
dtidng Id nlng xly dting mil trtidng trong HDVC cho tte
- Co sd vat chat tai d c trtidng con ban chl chtia dap dng
dtipc ylu du vl xay dyng mdi trtidng chcri eho tti nhU:
+ Di?n tich phdng hpc chit chdi llm Inh htidog din vi|c bl
tri d c glc ehoi
+ Sd Itipng ai ddng nln Inh htidng din efing ^c xly diing
mil trtidi^ choi eho tte
+ D6 chcri chtia da dang, phong phd, ft thay ddi, bd sung
dl choi radi Dd choi tti tao lam td dc nguyen vat U|u thien
nhien, do phi thai gan nhti khlng eo Cae gde dicri thtidng
cd dinh d nim hpc khdng thay cie cd thay doi vj tri gdc ehoi
nln tti de chan
- Giio viln mam non ngoai vi|e eham sdc - gilo due tte cdn
lam hd so, so sach cua ed, ciia tte, pho d p tte 5 tuoi tham gia
thl gilo vien ^di d c dp, tham gia d c phong trio doln thl,
d c hpi thi, chuyln de, nln vi|c tip trung ehuan bi dd ehdi,
nguyin hpc li|u cung nhti tao khdi^ gian, lip kl hoaeh choi
cho tti khdng dti^c chd y thtidng xuyen
- Gilo vien da sd dung nhilu hi|n phap de xly dyng moi
trtidng choi phit huy tfnh tfch eye eua tti nhting chtia sd dyng
mdt dch thtidng xuyeo vl khoa hpc nen hi|u qui chtia cao,
eythl:
+ Chi sd dyng dd choi ed san, it thay doi, bo sung dd ehdi
mdi it sd dyng dc nguyen vit Ii|u td thien nhiln cd tai dja
phtiOng (qua thing, vo dc, ngao sd, diep, d c loai hpt h?it, 11
dy.), do phi thii (chai, lp vli vyn, len, blng ) de lam do
dung dl choi, nguyen vat lieu cho tte choi
+ CIc goc choi thtidng cd djnh d nim hpc khdng thly d c
CO thay dli vj tti gdc ehol tao khong gian choi mdi nln tt^ de
khdng gian ngoii ttdi
+ Chtia dlnh du thdi gian cho tri choi, khi td chdc cho tte
chcri cln ip dat theo f ttidng eda giio vien
+ Chtia tao dtidc blu khdng khi vui ve, dng hi d e f tudng
choi mdl cua tri
+ Chtia thtidng xuyin lap ke hoach xly dting mdi trtidng
choi, thay ddi npi dung chdi, yeu elu chdi ma cd lip di lap lai
Datfv&E^ Hic
ckc g6c ehdi quen thudc, do choi quen thudc nln din din Mi
tr?mg tri chin nan, khong cdn hdng thd, tfch eye khi choi
- Ban giam hilu nha trtidng chtia tb|t sti quan tim nbiea din viec phlt huy tfnh tfeh cue ciia tri trong HDVC nSn vj&
kilm tra lap kl hoach, xiy dyng mdi trtfdng choi cho tri cua giao viln cdn chtia sit sao, tri|t de Dac bi|t d n bd quin li cac tnidng mim non khi thanh tra, kilm tra thtidng ehu trpng vao ho9t dpng hpc cd chu dich it quan tim kilm tra viec xly dting
kl hoaeh, td chdc HDVC ciia gjio vien
Nhti v|y, van dl ^ y dting mli trtidng phlt huy tfnh tich a;c eda tte 5- 6 tudi trong HDVC d tnidng mim non phu thuoc vio rlt nhilu ylu td, mdl ylu td ed mdt vai trd quan trgng khac nhau nen giio vien mam non can phii ed sti nhln thtie, hiea bilt nhat djnh, d n cd sy hpc hdi tim tdi, sing tao khi sii d ^
d c bi|n phlp mpt dch phti hpp thl hieu qua cua vile xay dili^
mdi trtfdng chcri ddi vdl vi^c phlt huy tinh ti'eh eye du> tri te dtfdc ning cao
IILK^LUAN
Vi|c phlt huy tinh tich eye cua tre 5 - 6 tuoi trong HDVC co
hilu qua mpt phln do vile xly dtfng mdi trtidng cda giio viin f
khi td chdc hoat dpng Moi trtidng vat chat vl mdi tnidng tim
Iy deu CO Inh htfdng din phat huy tinh tich ctie cua tre Noi
moi tnidng chdi khong thoii mil, phd hdp vdi tre tbi bien ^dp
nio sd dyng eung khdng cd kit qui g3 ddi vdi tre Gilo viia phai biet tin dyng khong gian trtidng ldp, kit h ^ sd dung ck nguyen vat Ueu thien nhiln, phi thai, t?o dl ehoi mdi thu bdt tre boat dpng; kit hpp t^o tinh huong didi hap dan, loi eiioa tti; Ludn cho tre ty ltfa ehpn gdc choi, vai chdi; dpng viln khki 1| tte thtic hien y ttidng eda minh
T A I U $ U THAM KHAO
1 Nguyin Thi Hda (2011), Gido due hgc mdm non NXBDa
hgc sU phqm HdNoL
2 Nguyen Thi Thu Hien (2008), Gido trinh phdt trien vd to
chdc thiic hiin chUdng trinh GDMN (dlnh eho he CDSPMN)
NXBGD
3 Bp Gilo dye vl Dao tgo, Vy Giio dye mam non (2009),
Hudng ddn to chdc thUc hiin chUdng trinh gido due mdm non mdu gido 5 ~ 6 tuSL
SUMMARY
Promoting activeness for children is a critical task in presdiod education in general, and in pUiying activities inpartictdar The development of a new, attractive, safo and ridi envucyvnent wiU stimulate the excitement and enthusiasm in activities and arouse the childrerii passion in acquiring significant knowk^ and skills for themselves, meanwhile help them apphf At knowledge in various situations and relationships of games and real life Actively support the initiative in selecting activ^a enable children to satisfy their demand for playing and pTom0 their potentials
Keywords: Devehping environment to promo^ positive mfia activities
Nhdn bdi ngdy 15/6/2016 Sda diOa xong 1/7016
Duyet ddng 102016
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