^ ^ g ^ a j l H O A H p c v A c O N g NGHE so 9 T R U O N G BAI HOC PHAM^^£i^nAK;^^ VAN DUNG PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC THEO DU AN y t A '''' ^ ° ^5? ™^^ " O ^ T DONG K H A M P t t A KHOA HOC ^ O '''' J R f O N ''''[.]
Trang 1VAN DUNG P H U O N G PHAP DAY H O C THEO DU AN
y.-t A ' ^ ° ^5? ™^^ " O ^ T D O N G K H A M P t t A KHOA H O C
^ O ' J R f O N ' G XUNG QUANH CHO TRE M.kV GIAO 5 ^ 6 TUOI
NHAM NANG CAO MlTC DQ THAM GLA CUA TRE
Ngin-in Thi Thien'
TOM T A T
Bdi bdo di cdp din Ihuc trgng td chirc hog, ddng khdm phd khog hoc yi mdi
hn,ang ximg quanh cho n-e mdu gidg y,ie vdn dung phg^g J , , „ „ „ , , l ^ l "
Zmt t""'""'"*"'"• -'"•""-"^^-™"^
""""-'""**-Ohio '7' -T """ '"" ' - ' '""' •" "™^ -^"•'" '•"" "- >^^"S - Thdtl
P^ Quang Ngat va khdng dinh linh hiiu qua cua yiec vdn dung phirang phip dayt
T i l k h o a : Dgy hoc theo du dn, khdm ph
1 DAT VAN B E
Phuong phap day hoc theo du an
(DHTDA) la phuong phap day hpc tao cp
hpi cho hoc sinh noi chung va tre mSm
non noi rieng t6ng hpp kiin thiic tii nhiSu
lmh vuc hpc tap va ap dung mot each sang
lao vao thuc tk cupc s6ng D6ng thdi
phuong phap day hpc nay cnn giiip tie
phat trien kl nang giap tiip, ki nang hop
tac, tinh dpc lap
Kham pha khpa hpc (KPKH) v i mpi
tnrong xung quanh (MTXQ) la hoat dpng
ma doi tupng d i tre kham pha la cac su
vat hien tupng co tiong moi tmdng tu
nhien va xa hoi Hoat dpng nay guip phat
trien nhan thiic v i cac su vat, hien hipng
xung quanh va giao due cho tre thai do
iiing dan vpi thicn nhien, vpi xa hpi
Dong thin, thpng qua hoat dpng KPKH v i
MTXQ, tie din hinh thanh va phat t n i n
cac kl nang quan sat, kt nang phan tich,
long hop khai quat Hoat dong nay l i t
phii hpp de van dung phuong phap
DHTDA \ a o 16 c h i c chp tie tim hieu,
kham pha cac dpi tucmg tiong tu nhien va
xa hoi
khoa hgc, mdi Inrdng xung qngnh
Su tich cue tham gia vao hoal dpng
ciia tti sc giiip tie hoc tap p miic dp sau,
tie^ se hieu duoc cac vin d i d i va dang dien ra dong ihdi biit van dung nhiing kien thiic chiing thu lupm dupc vao cupc song thyc mpt each tit nhit Su tham gia tich cue \ a o hoat dpng cua tic sc la biiu hien cua tinh Iich cue nhan thuc, la mol pham chat tam ly cua ca nhan tiong hpat dpng nhan thiic, la thai dp cai tap ciia chii the dpi vcri khach thi thong qua viec huy dpng o miic dp cap cac chiic nang tam ly nhiini giai quyit nhung nhiera vu nhan thiic
Chinh vi the, co thi thiy iing, viec van dung phuong phap DHTDA tiong hpat dpng KPKH v i MTXQ 14 phii hpp va can thiet chp giao due m i m non hicn nay
2 NQI DUNG NGHIEN C U U 2.1, T i n g quan v i n d i nghien eiiu 2.1,1, C o s o nghien eiru
a \ a i net v l phirong phap DHTDA
DHTDA la mpt phupng phap day hoc, tiong dd hoc smh thuc hicn mot nhiem l u hpc tap phiic hpp cp su kit hop
Trang 2giira Ii ihuyel -vcri thuc hanh, nr luc lap k^
hoach, thuc hien va danh gia kk qua
Hinh thiic lam viec chii yeu la theo nhom,
ket qua du an la nhiing san phdm hanh
dpng CO the gidi thieu duac
Trong DHTDA, cac hoat dpng duac
thiel kg mang tinh thill ihirc, lien quan
den nhieu Imh vuc kiln thirc, \iy nguai
hoc lam tmng lam va gin kiln thiic nha
trucmg voi nhimg vdn di thiic tiln Dilu
nay co nghia la each tiep can theo phuong
phap DHTDA se dem din cac ca hpi phat
Inen nang Iuc va kiln Ihirc chuyen sau,
dem den nhieu dieu men me cho tre [I]
Day hpc theo phuang phap
DHTDA, giao vien chi dong vai tro la
ngudi trg guip, la thang da, dilm lira cho
Ire Phuang phap DHTDA cdn giiip tre cd
kl nang iam viec nhom, tu bilt td chiic,
phan cdng cdng viec, chia se, hpc hdi, ho
trg cho nhau, lang cudng doan kil, tang
cudng linh ky Iuai cho tre
Quy trinh DHTDA gdm cd ba giai
doan ca ban [5]
Giai doan 1; Lap kl hoach
Giai doan 2: Thuc hien du An
Giai doan 3; Tdng hap kit qua
b Hoat dong KPKH ve MTXQ
ciia tre a trirong mSm non
KPKH la mol hoal dpng cd y nghTa
rat Idn doi vdi viec phat Iriln hoal dong
nhan Ihiic cho tre Muc dich chinh cua
hoal ddng KPKH cho tre d trudng mdm
non khong phai la cung cip kiln thiic
khoa hpc ma la cho ire dugc Irai nghiem,
tim tdi, kham pha nhimg gi tre quan tam
va mudn lim hilu [4] Day la mdn hpc cd
nhieu ihuan loi cho viec td chiic DHTDA
Thirc tien day hoc d cac tnrdng mam non hien nay cho IhSy trong td chiic cac hoat dgng giao due ndi chung va hoat dong cho tre KPKH vl MTXQ ndi neng, vigc DHTDA cdn rat mdi me va gap nhilu khd khan do nhirng chi phdi vl Ihdi gian, chuong trinh giang day kinh phi, co sd
vat chat va dilu quan trgng nhil vka la
nang Iuc cua giao vien cdn han chi
2.1.2 Thuc trang van de nghiin cihi
Biiu do 1 Kit qud thdm dd nhan thuc ciia gido vien ve vai trd ciia hogt ddng KPKH
ve MTXQ doi v&i viic phdt triin nhdn
Ihirc cua Ire
Biiu dd 2 Mirc dd sir dung cdc phuang phdp td chirc hoal ddng KPKH vi MTXQ
feu do 3 Hiiu qud su dung cdc phuong ' -y td chirc hoat dpng KPKH vi MTXQ
106 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY •
Trang 3Biiu dd 4 Kit qud thdm dd mirc dd sd
dung cdc thiit^ hi, phuang nin khi id chirc
cho Iri mdu gido KPKH vi MTXQ
Bieu dd 5, Kil qud Ihdm dd nhdn Ihirc ciia
gido viin vi phuang phdp DHTDA
W Ihay dii hien trang tren, chiing
tSi da nghien cim ti chiic chp tie miu giao
5 - 6 tuii KPKH vi MTXQ bing phuong
phap DHTDA, lam cho hpat dpng tid nen
hap dan, tao cp hpi chp tit ci tre dope tich
cue tham gia vao hpat dpng tim hiiu,
kham pha gop phin „a„g cap hicu qua
lipng viec day ciia giao vien va vice hoc
ciia tre
2.1.3 Van de nghien ciru
Vice van dung phupng ^
DHTDA vao to chdc hoat dpng KPKH
MTXQ cho tie mau giao 5 - 6 tuii
nang cap duoc muc dp tham gia cua
Tiudng Mim non Hpa Hing khpng'>
2.1.4 Gia thuyet nghien cihi
Neu van dung phucmg pi
DHTDA vao to chuc hoal dong KPKH
MTXQ cho he miu giap 5 - 6 Uioi thi se nang cap dupc mdc dp tham gia tim hicu, kham pha ciia he tai Tnidng Mim non Hoa Hong
2.2, Doi tu-png va phu-ong phap nghien
eihi
2.2.1, Doi tirong nghien ciru
DPI nipng nghicn ciiu ciia di tai la: Van dung phupng phap DHTDA vap ti chuc hpat dpng KPKH vi MTXQ cho tre mau giao 5 - 6 tudi se nang cap dupc muc
<Jp tham gia tim hiiu, kham pha cua tie tai Tnidng Mim non Hoa Hdng
2,2.2 Thiet ke nghien ciru
Chiing toi chpn ngiu nhicn 2 nhdm liJP tie 5 - 6 hioi (La A va La C) lam nhdm dpi chdng va nhpm thuc nghiem Hai nhdm co ttinh dp hiong dupng nhau Chiing Idl su dung thiit ki 4 Kiim tra sau tac dpng vdi cac nhdm ngiu nhien (dupc mo ta trong bang 1)
Bdng 1 Thiil ki nghiin cut
O thicl ke nay, chiing toi su dung
phep kicm chung T-tesi doc lap
2,2.3 Quy trinh nghien ciini
a Chuan bj bai ciia giao vien
- Nhdm dii chimg: Thiit ki giao an KPKH ve MTXQ khdng ,i chuc bang Piiuong phap DHTDA ma chi day theo .JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND
Trang 4phucmg phap ihdng thudng nhu giao vien
van su diing thudng ngay
- Nhdm thuc nghiem: Thilt k l giao
an to chuc cho tre KPKH v l MTXQ bSng
phuang phap DHTDA
b Cong cu nghien cihi Chiing tdi da sir dung tieu chi do cac muc do tham gia ciia tre cua Trudng Dai hoc Leuven, Vuong Qudc Bi
Bdng 2 Cdc mirc do tham gia (Tnr&ng Dai hoc Leuven Vuong Qudc Bi)
Muc do
Miic do I
S u t h a m
Rit thip
Bieu hicn Hoat dpng don gian, bi dgng, lap di lap lai Tre khdng tap trung hoac khdng cd nang lucmg d l hoat ddng Chiing co thi nhin cham cham vao khoang khdng hoac nhin xung quanh xem ngudi khac dang Iam gi
Miic dd 2
Miic do 3
Miic dp 4
Miic do 5
Thap
Trung
binh
Cao
Rat cao
Hoat ddng ihudng xuyen bi gian doan Tre tham gia vao hoat dpng khi bi ngirdi khac nhin minh Cd nhilu Iiic tre khong Iam
gi, chi nhin cham chim^vao khoang khong, hoac bj xao nhang bdi nhimg hoat dong diln ra xung quanh
Hoat ddng tuang doi lien tuc, tre ban rpn vdi hoat dong nhung
o miic Ihap va il cd bieu hien cua viec thuc su tham gia Cd Uen trien trong hoat ddng tre dang Iam nhung Ire khdng cho Ihay cd nhieu nang lup-ng, su tap trung va thudng bi xao nhang Hoat ddng lien tuc va cd sir tap trung cao Tre tap trung va hiu nhu tham gia hoan toan vao hoat dgng Chiing khdng d l bi xao nhan"
Tre the hien sir tham gia lien tuc va hoan loan vao hoal dpng Chung rat tap trung, sang tao, d l y nang Iuc va bin bi Irona suot qua trinh
Dua vao cac tieu chi ciia bang 2,
chung toi xay dung Ihang danh gia nhu
sau
Bang 3 Thang ddnh gid
T h a n g
c Do lirdng va thu t h a p dfl- ligu
Chung tdi chpn thilt k l 4, kilm tra
sau tac dpng nen chiing ldi mac dinh dilm
ket qua trudc tac dong ctia hai nhdm ldp
La A va La C la nhu nhau Vi vay, chiing ldi chi thilt k l k l hoach bai hpc sau lac ddng
Tdng hgp k i t qua miic do Iham gia cua tre Idp ddi chimg (La A) sau thi^c nghiem chii ylu dat d miic do 2 {mirc dp Ihap) va miic dp 3 (miic dp trung binh) Trong nhirng Ian danh gia rieng le, chiing tdi nhan thay van cd mpt sd tre cdn tham gia d miic do I (rit thip), cd rit it tre tham gia d muc dg cao (miic dg 4), d miic dp rit cao chiing tdi khdng t h i y co tre nao dat dugc
D6i vdi ldp Ihuc nghiem (La C) sau thuc nghi?m, dilm irung binh chung cua
108 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY <
Trang 5tie dat chii yiu d miic dp 3 (trung bmh) va
muc dd 4 (miic dp cap) Cp mpt sd tre
nhimg lan danh gia rieng le cdn dat mdc
dp tham gia tit cao (miic dp 5) NhOng he
nay tham gia hen tuc vap hpat dpng tun
hieu, kham pha Chung rit tap tmng, sang
tap, day nang luc va bin bi dpng suit qua
trinh hoat dpng Chi cp mpt vai ire, trong
nhiing budi danh gia cdn d muc dp 1 (ril
thip) vi thdi gian dp sue khde he khong
tdt (hi cam ciim, ho, cp thi met mdi) nen
tre khdng mudn tham gia
2.3, Ket qua nghien cmi va thao luin
2.3,1 Danh gii so lieu thong ke
Bdng 4, Diem aung binh (DTB) sau tdc
ddng vd cdc he sd luang quan
0,0000004
Miic dd anh ]
hudng ciia tac
I ddngl SDMI
Nhm vao bang 4 chung ta thiy,
diem trung bmh chung sau 5 lin danh gia
eua tre ldp ddi chung la 2,76 diim, cua
ldp thuc nghiem la 3,36 diim Dp lech
chuan ciia ldp ddi chung la 0,36 cdn cia
Idp thuc nghiem la 0,50
Sau khi tac dpng, chung tdi kiim
Chung su chenh lech diim trung binh
bing T-test dpc lap chp kit qua
P = 0,0000004 < 0,05 Diiu nay chp
Chung ta thay su chenh lech diim tmng
binh gida nhdm thuc nghiem va nhpm dii
Chung la lit c6 y nghia Chic chin su
chenh lech giira 2 nhdm nay khdng pha
do ngau nhien ma dp tac dpng mang lai Chenh lech gia tri dung bmh chuin (muc dp anh hudng) SMD = (3,36-2,76)/0,36 = 1.7
Theo bang tieu chi Cohen, chenh lech gia tri trung bmh chuin SMD = 1,7 cho thiy mdc dp dnh hudng cua viec ti chile cho tre KPKH vi MTXQ bing phuong phap DHTDA din mdc dp tham gia cda nhdm thuc nghiem la rit Ipn
Bleu dd 6, So sdnh diim Irung binh sau tdc ddng ciia nhom dii chiing va nhdm thuc nghtem
• JOURNAL
Nhm vap bieu dd chiing ta thiy kit qua cua Ipp thuc nghiem cao hon ldp ddi Chung Dliu nay chiing td, muc do tich cue tham gia tim hiiu khiSm pha MTXQ,
cu the la tun hiiu ciic loai rau cua tre d ldp thuc nghiem la co y nghfa, dp phan tan eilng thip Nhu vay, viec van dung phupng phap DHTDA dii khpng chi lam tang muc dp tich cue tham gia ciia tie ma
su tang dd cdn diin la ding diu d tit ca
cac he va d cung mot tti: tiong cac lin
chiing toi quan sat khac nhau
2,3.2, Danh gia thuc te
Doi vdi nhom thuc hien Du an
•Dliu ki Ihil cita cdc loat rau ", chung tdi
quan sal va thiy ring tit ca de diu rit Cham chii tm, hiiu cac Ioai rau tren
Trang 6Google va bang vat that, Tre dugc cim,
ngam nghfa, sd nEn, ngin, tham chi xe la
rau ra de tkn hieu cho that ki ludng, Tre
trd chuyen, trao ddi vdi nhau vl cac Ioai
rau nay mdt each thii vi
0 nhirng gid hpc sau, tre dugc cd
giao cho ve, phan nhdm cac loai rau (rau
an la, rau an cii, rau an qua) ma tre da
dugc tun hieu ngay hdm trudc
Nhu vay, ddi vdi tieu du an nay
chiing toi quan sat va thay ring miic do
Iham gia lim hieu, kham pha ciia Ire cao
han han "tiel hgc" dugc day theo phuang
phap thdng ihudng Tre nSm dugc nhiing
dac diem ca ban ciia nhilu loai lau, biet
cdng dung va each chi biln ciia nhieu loai
rau, cung nhu bilt phan Ioai dupc cac loai
rau theo chuc nang: rau an la, rau an cii,
rau an qua
Bdi vdi tilu du an "Be tdp ldm
vu&n " cac be dugc cd giao chuSn bi cac
khay dat va ggi y dl tre phan cdng vl gia
dinh cung bd me chuSn bi hat giong mang
den ldp Sau dd cd giao ggi y de tre lam
dSl va hudng din tre gieo hat, tudi nudc,
cham sdc cay hing ngay va da quan sat
duac qua trinh Idn ien cua cay Tre rdt hao
hiing va tranh nhau duac lam nhung cdng
viec tren
Sau qua trinh tham gia trong va
cham sdc rau, cd giao cho tre Iam so dd vl
quy trinh trdng rau, qua trinh phat tnin
cua rau Tre thao luan nhdm va tao ra cac
san pham bang nhirng nguyen vat lieu da
dang do cd va tre chuin bi Sau do tre
trinh bay trudc Idp dl cac nhdm khac
cimg hieu dugc quy trinh trdng, cham sdc
rau va qua trinh phat tnin cua rau
Nhu vay, qua viec kham pha lieu du
an nay, tat ca tre deu tich cue tham gia vao hoat ddng va da hieu duac qua trinh hinh thanh va phat trien cua cay xanh ndi chung va cac Ioai rau ndi rieng
Vdi tilu dir an "Siiu ddu bip"
chiing tdi cung nhan thiy tre rit tich cue Iham gia vao hoat ddng (thu hoach, nhSt, nia, che biln rau va thudng thiic mdn an tiJ rau), dugc trai nghiem cac cdng viec
ma d gia dinh va d Idp tre chua dupc Iam Qua hoat dgng nay ngoai viec hilu bill
ve cac mdn 3n dugc chi bien tir rau mang Iai cho CO thi nhung chit dinh dudng cin thilt thi dieu thu vi han chinh la vi^c tre biet dugc quy trinh chi bien cac mdn 3n tii rau
Khi chiing tdi quan sat gid hoat dgng Kham pha cac lo^i rau d ldp ddi chiing, hau het tre diu lam theo yeu ciu cua cd ma chua cd su chii ddng tham gia vao hoat dpng Tre hiu nhu khdng d§t cau hdi cho cd ma chi tra ldi cau hdi ciia cd giao dua ra, nhung cung chi rapt sd it tre xung phong tra ldi, s6 cdn Iai chi ngdi im lang nghe ho5c la dinh I^m viec rieng
Ngugc lai, dhi vdi Idp thuc nghiem, trong
nhirng ngay chiing tdi quan sat, danh gii deu nhan thiy tit ca tre hao hung tham gia vao hoat dgng, chiing dat cau hdi vdi ban, vdi cd giao va ludn ban ludn ve vin de ma chiing dang tim hilu, kham pha Tdm lai, qua thyc nghiem, gia Ihuyet cua de tai "Van dung phuang phap DHTDA trong td chiic hoat dgng KPKH
ve MTXQ nham nang cao miic dp lich cue tham gia tim hilu, kham pha cho tre mau giao 5 - 6 tudi tai Trudng MSm non Hoa Hdng" da dugc kilm chiing
Trang 73 K i x LL.AN V.i K I £ N N G H I
3,1 Kit luan
KPKH vi MTXQ la mdt trong
nhitag hoat ddng vd cung cin ihiit va vd
cimg quan trpng ddi vdi trd Hpat dpng
niy gdp phin tich cue trpng vice gidp tre
phat trien loan dien cac Unh vnc nhu nhan
thuc, ngdn ngu, tinh ciim xa hdi, thim mi
va the luc Tuy nhien tren thuc ti i-iec chp
tre thn hieu, kham pha MTXQ ehi dupc
thuc hien tipng pham vi tai ldp hpc, cac
giao vien chu yiu cho tie thn hiiu, kham
pha qua tranh anh, video clip hoac vdi vai
that dii vdi cac ddi tupng dpn gian, di
thn Nhieu giap vien chua hi biit phuong
phap DHTDA di co thi van dung phupng
phap day hpc nay td chuc chp tte tun hiiu,
kham pha thi gidi xung quanh Mdt li dp
niia phii ki din, dp la su dung phuong
phap DHTDA ddi hdi cac cd giao phdi
nch cue, sang tap tun tdi npi dung, hmh
thuc to chuc mdi di goi y cho tte thuc
hien du an cua mmh, tap cp hdi chp tte
duac kham pha ttai nghiem
Van dung phuong phap DHTDA
vao td chuc hoat dpng KPKH vi MTXQ
si tao dliu kien cho de dupc tich cue
tham gia vao hoat ddng, tu dd de cd co
hdi phat min tti thong minh, nnh ham
hieu bicL htah thanh p tti thai dp tich cue
vdi the gidi xung quanh Song hicn nay
thuc te d hau hit ttudng mim npn den dia
ban tmh Quang Ngai vin chua biit nhiiu
ve phuong phap day hoc nay
Ket qua nghien cuu da khing dmh
viec van dung phuong phap DHTDA vao
td chdc boat ddng KPKH vi MTXQ che
ne mJu giap 5 - 6 mdi nhim tang muc do
tich cue Iham gia -.ao hoal dpng thn hiiu,
kham pha la lat can thiit
3.2 Kien nghi 3,2,1 Doi vdi trndng sir pham dao tao giao vien mSm non
Cac trudng su pham dao tao giao vien mam non cin cd ki hoach giang day
vc phuong phap DHTDA phi, hpp vdi dac dung, yeu ciu cu thi cua tung hpc phin iJao tap, dac biet la hoc phin Li luan phuong phap day hpc giao due mim non, giao due hpc mim non Ngoai ra, giao vien day cae mon phuong phap nen thudng xuyen cho smh vien soan giang bang phuong phap DHTDA, hudng din smh vien each soan, each tim kiim thong tin den cic phuong tien ttuyin didng,., dc smh vien cd mdt si ki nang co ban vi vice
to chdc cac boat ddng giap due chp tti
bang phuong phap day hpc nay
3.2,2, Doi vdi cae cap quan li giao due mim son
Cac cap quan li giao due mim non can chu ddng tmi hiiu, td chuc tap huin, hudng din cac ttudng mim npn ap dung phuong phap DHTDA tiong 16 chuc eac hpat dpng giao due, dac biet la hpat ddng
KPKH vi MTXQ chp tti
3,2.3 Doi vdi trudng mam non
Cac ttudng mam non can ttang bi ngudn tai lieu tham khao, cac thiit bi day hpc nham tap diiu kien chp giap vien cd dicu kien cap nhat kiin thuc, nang cap trmh do chuyen mon chp tte cd thi tu hpc tu lira kiim kiin thuc: md ipng, tang cudng cac sang kiin kmh nghiem vi viec van dung phupng phap DHTDA khong chi cho hoat dpng KPKH vi MTXQ ma cdn cd thi min khai van dung cho cac hoat ddng khac
•JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
Trang 83,2,4, Doi vdi giao vien m^m non su ham me, hung thu hpc tap va yen thich
Giao vien mim npn cin thudng hoat dpng KPKH vi MTXQ
xuyen tii bit dudng, nang cao kiin thuc Viec van dung phuong phap day hpc chuyen mon de co the dj dang tao vin di, mdi vao thuc tien day hpc se khpng thi kich thich su tp mp, kham pha cua tre ttanh khdi nhimg khd khSn budc diu Do Dong thdi, c6 the bo sung them cho tte do, giao vien mim non cin van dpng mot sd kien thuc khac cd hen quan, tao ra phupng phap day hpc dd mpt each hpp U,
phu hpp vdi thue tiin cua dia phucmg
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Bp Giao due va Dap tap - Du an Viet Bi, Dgy vd hoc tich cue Mgt sd phuang phdp vi: ky thudt dgy hgc (tr 125-150 vd 266-273), NXB Dai hpc Su pham, 2010 [2] Bd Giap due va Dap tap - Du an Viet Bi, Nghien ctru khoa hgc su phgm ting dung
NXB Dai hpc Su pham, 2010
[3] Nguyin Thj Phe, Ap dung day hgc Iheo du dn vdo mdn hoa Irang tti chg sinh viin ngdnh Su phgm Cdng nghe - Kmh ti gig dinh tgi Trudng Dgi hgc Phgm Vdn Ddng, Bai
tap chuyen di, 2013
[4] Hoang Thi Phupng, Gido ninh Li ludn va Phuong phdp hudng ddn tre ldm quen vol mdi trudng xung quanh, NXB Dai hpc Su pham, 2008
[5] Nguyin Thi Thanh Tra, Vdn dung phuang phdp dgy hgc Iheo du dn vdo dgy hoe man Ttr nhlin vd Xd hdi lap 3, Luan viin thac si khoa hpc giao due Ha Npi, 2010
[61 Ly Tuyit Ly, Dgy hoc theo du dn vd hiiu biil cua gido vien mdm non vi md hinh day hgc theo dudn cda Lilian G Katz, Tap chi Khpa hpc Dai hpc Su pham Thanh ph6 Hd
Chi Minh, sd 57, ti 154-166,2014
[7] Cac websites'
-http.//kindergaitensmilesblpgspoLconV2015/02/animal-research-project,httnl
- httpV/piojectappioach oig/
Trang 9r T n ' i r ^ ^ " " - " ^ " " ' ' ^ ' ^ ' ' TEACHING METHOD LNTO ACTIVITIES
TO DISCOVER SCIE.NCE ABOLrr THE Sn«OL7,DLNG ENVIRONVttNT
FOR M YEAR.OLD PRE-SCHOOLERS
TO IMPROVE THEIR PARTICIPATION
Nguyen Thi Thien'
ABSTRACT
aeriviries lg disegver scienL atTlhl """'""^/•'''J''"-'"-""'•'''••:>"-S-'^•hod into preschoolers m Hog o ^ r ; * : / " Z ^ ^ Z T ' l Z f " ^ ' - " "
Ke^ords: Prgjecl-bgsed leaching methad scienlific discoveries surrounding
environment
'Khoa Su pham Tu nhien, Trudng Dai hgc Pham Van Ddng:
Email: thienpdu@gmail.com