^^^g^i!U'''' " ^ '''' ^ ™ u ONG PHAP BAN TAY NA N BQT I RONG HOC PHAN REN LUYEN NGHIEP VL SU PHAM SINH HOC B^C CAO[.]
Trang 1' r ° p ^ 5 ' ' "^^ ' ' ^ "*>' " ^ ' ^ ™ u ONG PHAP BAN TAY NA-N BQT
I RONG HOC PHAN REN LUYEN NGHIEP VL- SU PHAM SINH HOC
B^C CAO D,4NG SU PHAM
rn/o?i^ Till Thdo'
TOM TAT
khdm ^ ^ f ' " ^ ' ' * " ' ' * f "^- "i" *^' f ^ ™ * kltuyin khich hgc sinh ham mudn tim tdt
kham pha va say me khoa hgc Vi vdy viee hudng ddn eho sinh vien cao ddng supham sir
dgng phuang phap ndy la dieu cdn lh.il dd, vdi cdng viec dgy hgc mdn s,nhhgesau nly
T,^'^^rj"T "^ """"'" *" ""'' '^"'""^ "•'' '•"y •""" ^°- •« *'"" f°"^
CV the de to chue dgy hgc ndi dung phuang phdp ndy chg sinh vien
Tit khoa: Bdn lay ngn bdi
L DATVANDE
Nghi quyit Hdi nghi Tmng upng 8
khda XI vi ddi mdi can ban, tpan dito
giap due va dap tap da chi id "Chit lupng,
hita qui giap due dap tap cdn thip sp vdi
yta ciu, nhit li gian due dai hpc, giap due
nghe nghiep cdn nang vi U thuyit, nhe
thuc hanh Dio tao thiiu gin kit vdi
nghita cuu khoa hpc, sin xuit, kmh
doanh
Giao due Viet Nam dang chuyin tii
chuong ttinh day hpc dinh hupng ndi
dung day hpc sang chupng ttinh day hoe
dinh hudng nang luc Vi vay phupng phip
day hpc va danh gia kit qui day hpc sc
thay ddi de phu hpp vdi chuong ttuih day
hpc mdi nay Phupng phap BTNB cd vai
trd hmh thanh va ren luyta chp ngudi hpc
nang luc nghita cuu khpa hoc, nta nd cin
thiet ttong chupng ttinh day hoc dinh
hudng nang luc
Sinh hpc la men khoa hpc thuc
nghiem, dp dd viee hinh thanh nang luc
nghien cuu khoa hpc sinh hpc chp hoc
smh ttung hpc co sd (THCS) la quan
dpng Them vap dd la mdt thuc ti nhu
sau: ttong qua trinh thiit ki giao an va tap
giang day smh hpc thi sinh vita cap ding
su pham smh hpc chua thuc hita 4upc cnng viee hudng din cho hpc smh THCS tap lim quen nghita cuu khpa hoc vi smh hpc Vi vay, viec td chuc day chp smh vien npi dung phupng phap BTNB la cin thiet de sau nay la ttudng hp su dung dupc phuong phap niy ttpng day hoc sinh hpc
Tu nhiing U do tten chung tdi da chon vin di nghita cuu la "Td chdc day hpc ndi dung phupng phip BTNB dpng hpc phan Rta luyta nghiep vu su pham sinh hpc bic cap ding su pham"
2, NOI DUNG 2,1, Mnc tien, co sd Jthoa hoe, tien trinh ciia phutmg phap BTNB
Muc deu cda phuong phap BTNB li tao nta tmh td md, ham mudn kham pha
va say me khoa hpc
buoc
Cp sd khoa hpc ciia phupng phap
la day hpc dua tten tun toi-nghita
Tien ttinh cua phupng phap nay co 5
Trang 21, Gido vign dua ra tinh hudng xuat
phdt (cdu hdi neu van de)
2 Hpc smh hinh thanh bigu tugng
ban dau
3 Hoc smh xay dung gid thuyet vd
thiel kg phuang dn thuc nghiem
t Hoc sinh tign hdnh thuc nghiem
tim tdi-nghien ciiu
5 Hgc sinh kgt luan gia thuyet la
diing hay sai, giao vien vd hpc sinh he
thdng hoa kien thiic
2.2 Phuvng phap nghiSn cuu
- Phuong phap nghien ciiu Ii thuyet:
nghien ciiu cdc tai lieu vg Phuang phap
BTNB, chuong trinh va ngi dung thuc
hdnh hgc phdn Ren luyen nghiep vu su
pham sinh hpc phan sinh hpc
- Phuang phdp thuc nghiem: tign
hanh Iam thuc nghiem tren Idp CSS13
Phuong phap chuyen gia: tham
khao y kien ciia cac chuyen gia
Chiing tfli tien hanh thuc nghifm
nhu sau:
2.2.1 Thiet ke cho van de nghiin
ciru
Thuc nghiem tren mdt nhdm la 38
sinh vign cua ldpCSSI3
Chung tdi td chiic day hgc ngi dung
phuang phap BTNB gdm 8 hoat ddng nhu
sau:
BTNB (sinh vign hinh thanh bieu tuong ban diu) va bit diu viet nhat ki + Hoat dgng 3: sinh vien thdo ludn
de dua ra gid thuyet ve phuang phdp BTNB va de xuit cac phuang an de kiem chiing gid thuyit
+ Hoat ddng 4: cdc nhdm sinh vign thirc hien cac phuong an da de xudt, dpc tai lieu "phuang phap BTNB", xem video
vi tiit day miu theo phuang phdp BTNB rdl phdn tich tiet day mau dd va thdo lu^n
dg so sdnh giai thuyet ciia nhom mmh vdi kign thiic thu nhan dugc tir tdi lieu vd doan video dd
+ Hoat dgng 5: sinh vien ket luan gia thuygt ciia nhom Id diing hay sai + Hoat dpng 6: sinh vien xdc dinh nh5ng loai kign thiic sinh hgc md nhimg loai kien thiic nay cd thi dugc day bdng phuong phdp BTNB, xdc dinh nhihig bai sinh hgc trong chuang trinh sinh hpc THCS cd Ioai kien thuc dd
+ Hoat dgng 7 sinh vign thiet ke vdi phuong phdp BTNB
+ Hoat ddng 8: smh vien day thii
i giang dd va nit kinh nghiem tigt theo 1
day
2.2.2 Bo lirdng Sii dung cong cu do ludng dg ddnh gid cho van de nghign ciiu la:
+ Cham diem giao an, tiet tap gidng cua sinh vign (2 sinh vign), phieu nhan xet tiet day cua sinh vign khdng day ddi vdi 2 sinh vien tap gidng Chiing tdi chia ldm hai miic do ddnh gia Id dai va khdng dat Miic do dai la sinh vign vdn dung dugc phucmg phdp BTNB di thiit ke giao an, tap giang va nhan xel tiel tap gidng
+ Hoat ddng 1 giang vien dai ra cau
hdi (tinh hudng xuat phat) la "Anh/chi
hieu nhu the nao ve phuong phdp ban lay
nan bdi?"
+ Hoal ddng 2' smh vign dua ra
nhung quan diem ban dau ve phuang phap
Trang 3"*" Phigu dieu ira trudc va sau khi
trien khai day hgc theo phuong phap
BTNB de danh gid sir thay doi kiin thiic
va thai dd cua sinh vien vdi phucmg phap
ndy
+ Chdm nhat ki hgc cua sinh vien vi
phuang phdp BTNB Ygu ciu trong nhat
ki la sinh vien phai thi hien quan diem,
cam xuc ciia ca nhan khi gap nhiing khd
khan hay nhiing thanh cdng trong qud
trinh hpc ndi dung phuang phap nay
3 KET QUA NGHIEN CLIU VA BAN
LU^N
3.1 Ket qud ngliien cihi
Sau khi day hpc theo quy trinh 8
hoat dpng nhu dd ngu thi chiing toi nhan
thiy:
Giao dn: smh vien soan dupc giao
an theo tien trmh 5 budc cua phuong phap
BTNB
Tigt day: day thii 2 bai dd la bai
"Bign dang cua rl" va bdi "Biin dang cua
Id" sinh vien da day dugc theo tiin trinh 5
budc ciia phuang phap nay,
Phigu nhdn xet tiet day cua sinh vien
doi vdi tiet day thii: d muc ndi dung nhan
xet sinh vign nhan xet duac theo tign trinh
5 muc ling vdi 5 budc ciia phuong phap
nay
Ket qua ciia phigu dieu tra: ndi dung
ciia phigu dieu tra bao gdm 6 cau hdi, kit
qua ciia phiiu diiu tra tmdc vd sau khi
tngn khai day theo phuang phdp BTNB
{goi til la trudc thirc nghiem va sau thirc
nghiem)
- Cau 1
+ Ndi dung cau hoi Anh (chi) hiiu nhu the ndo vg phuang phap BTNB'' + Ket qua
• Trudc thuc nghiem 11/32 (34,4%) smh vien tra Idi khdng biit hoac phuang phdp ddnh cho bac hoc mim non
va tieu hgc 21/32 (65,6%) sinh vien tra
!di Id phuang phdp ndy dung cho day cac kien thiic vl thuc hanh
• Sau thuc nghiem: 10/32 (31,25%) sinh vien trd Idi la phuang phdp nay phii hap dg day cdc kiin thiic thiic hanh hoac nhung bai 'i thuyit cd phdn quan sat nghien ciiu mdu vat, ren luyen cho hgc sinh tim higu nhirng kien thiic mdi tir nhiing kiln thiic cu 22/32 (68,75%) smh vien trd ldi Id phuang phap nay dung di day hpc sinh nang luc nghien ciiu khoa hpc
- Cau 2:
+ Ndi dung cau hdr Phirong phdp BTNB cd quan trpng ddi vdi qua Irinh day hpc khdng?
+ Kgt qud
• Trudc thuc nghiem 07/32 (21,9%) sinh vien trd Idi "Khdng", irong
dd 02/7 smh vign neu Ia "Khdng biet phuang phdp nay cd quan trong hay khdng", 05/7 sinh vign cdn lai thi giai thich la phuong nay chi quan trpng ddi vdi bac mam non vd tieu hpc 25/32 (78,1%) sinh vien trd ldi "Co" va gidi thich li do Id
"Mdi phuang phap cd mdt tim quan Irgng ngng nen phucmg phap ndy cung cd tim quan trgng neng ciia nd gitip hoc sinh chu ddng hem trong hgc va thao luan nhdm",
• Sau thirc nghiem: 01/32 (3,1%) sinh vien tra ldi khdng nhung khdng dua
Trang 4ra li do 31/32 (96,6%) sinh vien gidi thich
Ii do la giiip hpc sinh chu dong tim kiem
tri thirc, tang su hiing thu vd sdng tao
trong hpc tap lam cho hoc sinh higu kien
thiic dupc sau sac han, nhd dai hon, giiip
hgc sinh ndng Iuc nghien ciiu khoa hpc, su
ham muon tim tdi kham phd su say me
nghien ciiu khoa hgc
-Cdu 3:
+ Ngi dung: Theo anh (chi) day hgc
theo phuang phdp BTNB cd khd khdng?
+ Ket qua:
• Tnidc thuc nghiem: 01/32 (3,1%)
sinh vign Ird Idi "Khdng" vd giai thich Id
vi khdng biit cd kho hay khdng 31/32
(96,9%) smh vign tra Idl "Cd" thi 10/31
sinh vien cd Idi gidi thich khdng ro rang
dd la phuang phap nay yeu cau gido vien
phai chii ddng, phucmg phdp nay rudm rd
21/31 sinh vien cdn lai thi cd ldi gidi thich
nhu sau la gido vien phdi danh nhilu thdi
gian de chuan bi gido an, gido vien phai cd
kign thiic rpng
• Sau thuc nghiem: 09/32 (28,1%)
sinh vien trd Idi "Khdng" trong dd cd
03/09 sinh vien gidi thich la "Sinh vdt cd
sdn ngoai tu nhign, hpc sinh da biit trudc
ngn viec sinh vien nghign ciiu mdu vat
khdng cd gi khd khan" 03/09 sinh vign
giai thich Id "Viec thuc hien iheo phuong
phap ndy khdng cd gi khd ca, di thuc
hign" 03/09 sinh vign khong dua ra ldi
giai thich 23/32 (71,9%) sinh vien tra Idi
"Cd" trong dd 15/23 sinh vien giai thich la
gido vign phdi ggi y cho hpc sinh tu duy
diing hudng va phai xii li mpi tinh hudng
sinh hoc bat ngd xay ra trong qua trinh
day-hoc Cdn 08/23 sinh vign gidi thich la
giao vign phai tdn nhiiu thdi gian dg soan gido dn va chuan hi mdu vdt
+ Ndi dung: Anh (chi) du dinh khdc phuc nhung khd khan iy nhu thg nao? + Kit qua:
• Trudc thuc nghiem; 26/32 (81,2%) sinh vign tra Idi cd noi dung Id se ttm higu vd van dung them ve phuang phdp BTNB, nam chac kien thiic trgn ldp, chuan bi do dimg hpc tap kl ludng, tim hieu khd nang nhan thiic hgc tap cua hgc sinh 03/32 (9,4%i) sinh vien tra ldi cd ngi dung Id them thdi gian day hgc, nit gpn Iai phuang phdp BTNB, day chdm Iai 03/32 (9,4%) sinh vien dg trdng khong trd ldi
• Sau thuc nghiem: 10/32 (31,3%) sinh vien ngu cdch khac phuc chua rd rdng
la tiip tuc trau ddi kien thiic, tim hiiu ki
vg phuong phdp ndy 04/32 (12,5%) smh vien de trong khdng tra Idi 01/32 (3,1%) sinh vien trd ldi Id khdng cin phai khdc phuc 17/32 (53,1%) sinh vien neu rd rdng, cu the la chudn bi kl phuong tien day hgc cd lien quan, du doan mpi tinh hudng sinh hpc cd the xay ra, cho hpc sinh biit Irudc phuong phap ndy rdi mdi sii dung phuang phdp nay
+ Ndi dung: Niu sii dung phucmg phdp BTNB thi anh (chi) du dinh se td chiic ldp hpc nhu ihi ndo?
+ Kgt qua:
• Trudc thuc nghiem: 05/32 (15,6%) sinh vign khdng cd y kien 02/32 (6,3%) sinh vien neu lai 5 budc ciia tien trinh day hpc iheo phuang phap nay 25/32 (78,1%) sinh vien ngu la chia nhdm,
Trang 5cac nhdm chudn bi mau vat, moi nhdm
neu y kien ciia nhdm minh, giao vien ddnh
gia y kien ciia moi nhdm la diing hay sai
' Sau thuc nghiem: 01/32 (3,1%)
smh vien khdng cd y kiin gi 05/32
(15,6%) sinh vign neu lai 5 budc cua tiin
trinh day hgc 26/32 (81,3%) smh vien
neu Id chia nhdm, cac nhdm hgc sinh
chuan bi miu vat, moi nhdm dudi su
hudng din cua gido vien se nghien ciiu
mdu vat de tim kiin thiic cua bai
- Cau 6:
+ Ndi dung: Anh chi cdn vin di nao
khac?
+ Kit qua:
• Trudc thuc nghiem: 04/32
(12,5%) smh vien cin td chiic logic hon,
giai thich cdc thic mdc ciia hgc sinh A%
tranh cac em hiiu sai vi khai niem, sdp
xep thdi gian cho hpp li, gido vien phdi
hudng ddn, yeu ciu hpc smh chuin bi bai
tnidc d nhd mang diy du miu vat vd cac
thigt bi day hgc 28/32 (87,5%) smh vien
khdng cd y kien gi
• Sau thuc nghiem 24/32 (75%)
sinh vien cd y kien gidng nhu y kien ciia
4/32 sinh vien trudc thuc nghiem 08/32
(25%,) khdng cd y kiln gi
Nhat ki day va hpc ciia smh vign
sinh vien viet rit nhilu y kiin nhung tdng
hgp Iai la nhimg ndi lo ldng ciia sinh vien
la phuang phap nay yeu ciu rit nhiiu thdi
gian de soan giao an, dl lun kigm mdu
vat, khd nhal la each dmh hudng cho hgc
sinh m duy diing hudng Giao vien phai
cd du ban Imh va kiin thiic di hudng dan
hoc sinh nghien ciiu diing hudng, mdt sd
it y kien thi cho rdng hgc sinh THCS chua can tbiet phai nghien cdu khoa hpc 3.2 Bdn luan
Viec smh vien thiet kl duac giao dn, tap gidng day theo phuang phdp BTNB, ddng thdi nhiing sinh vien khdng tap gidng ma theo ddi vd nhan xet ban day da thi hien la sinh vign da biit dugc 5 budc cua tiin trinh day hgc theo phuang phdp BTNB
Phieu dliu tra
- Cdu 1: Irudc thuc nghiem khdng sinh vien nao nhdc din phuong phap nay dupc dimg dg day cho hgc smh ndng Iuc nghien cuu khoa hoc nhung sau thuc nghiem da cd 68,75% sinh vien nhdc din van de nay Nhu vay su hiiu bill vi y nghia cua phuang phap nay cua smh vign
da tdng len
- Can sd 2: tmdc thuc nghiem c6 78,1%, sinh vien tra ldi "Cd" nhung giai thich li do chua ro rang, sau thuc nghiem
cd 96,9% sinh vien tra ldi "Co" va giai thich ii do la phuang phdp nay giiip cho ngudi hpc hinh thanh nang luc nghien ciiu khoa hpc Nhu vay nhan thiic ve tim quan trpng ciia phuong phdp BTNB ciia sinh vien da tang len
^ Cdu 3 tmdc thuc nghiem cd 96,9% sinh vien tra ldi "Cd" nhumg neu nhung khd khan thi chua duac ro rang, sau thuc nghiem cd 71,9% sinh vign tra ldi "Cd" neu rd rdng nhimg khd khan ciia phucmg phap nay la xii h' cdc linh hudng
su pham smh hgc xay ra bdt ngd trong tilt day, ggi y va dan dai cho sinh vien tu duy dting hudng Nhu vay sau ihuc nghiem smh \ien da biel ro nhirng khd khan ve
Trang 6phuang phap BTNB, dieu nay the hien
nhdn thuc ciia smh vien da tang Ien
+ Cdu 4: tmdc thuc nghiem khdng
sinh vign nao tra ldi dugc cu the, rd rang
Sau thuc nghiem da cd 53,l%i sinh vien
tra Idl cu the, do Id chuan bi ki phuang
lien day hoc, du doan moi tinh hudng su
pham smh hgc cd the xay ra Nhu vay sau
thuc nghiem sinh vign biet ro han cdc dinh
hudng khac phuc nhirng khd khan ciia
phuang phdp BTNB
+ Cau 5: tmdc vd sau thuc nghiem
khdng sinh vien ndo ngu cu the hoac chi
dimg d miic nhac lai 5 giai doan cua
phucmg phdp nay, nhung sau thuc nghiem
sinh vign cd thg hien Id dinh hudng cho
hpc smh nghien ciiu khoa hpc Nhu vay d
cau 5 ndy chua cd su khdc biet Idn vi fcl
ndng td chiic Idp hoc giiia tmdc thuc
nghiem va sau thuc nghiem, nhung dii sao
d Ihdl diem sau thuc nghiem sinh vien da
cd y thiic dinh hudng cho hoc sinh nghign
Cliu khoa hgc
+ Cau 6: sinh vien dd the hien thai
dp cua minh qua tra ldi cau ndy Sau khi
trd Idi xong 5 cau, d thdi diim tmdc thuc
nghiem 12,5% sinh vien vdn thi hien su
quan ldm cua ban than ddi vdi phuong
phap day hgc nay la tham gia ddng gdp y
kien Cling nhu tu nit ra kmh nghiem cho
chinh ban than minh Cdn d thdi diem sau
thuc nghiem thi con sd nay dugc tdng len
dgn 75% Nhu vay thdi do tich cue ciia
sinh vien ddi vdi phucmg phdp nay sau
thuc nghiem da lang Ign ddng ki la 62,5%
- Nhal ki day-hoc ciia sinh vign' smh
vien the hien mgt each chan that noi lo
lang, niem Iran tra ciia ban ihdn di nhimg
ngudi lam cdng lac giao due nhu chiing
tdi biet va suy nghT cdc bien phdp khdc phuc
Tdm Iai chiing tdi su dung quy trinh gdm 8 hoat ddng nhu da neu d muc 2.2 1
de day phucmg phdp BTNB cho sinh vien CSS 13 vd da thu nhan dupc thanh cdng nhdt dinh, dd la:
Sinh vign da sii dung dugc phuong phap nay de soan giao an, day thii
vd nhdn xet sinh vien khac day + Ket qud phieu digu tra: the hien sinh vign ndng cao su nhan thiic ciing nhu
cd thdi dd tich cue ddi vdi phuang phdp nay
NhiJng mat tdn tai: sinh vien vdn con lo lang, Iran trd vg phuong phap ndy, qua ket qud ciia phieu digu tra chiing tdi nhdn thay mdt sd sinh vien cdn thd a, chua nhiet linh tra ldi vao philu Bien phdp khac phuc nhiing mat tdn tai Id chiing tdi se tiep tuc trien khai day ngi dung va sii dung phuang phdp BTNB khdng chi trong day hpc phin Ren luyen nghiep vu thudng xuygn ma cdn trong cac hgc phan Phucmg phdp day hgc sinh hgc
va cdc hgc phan sinh hpc khdc Tang cudng tnen khai cho sinh vien cao ddng
su pham sinh hoc nghign ciiu khoa hpc vi
cd nghien ciiu khoa hgc ihi viec su dung phuang phdp nay mdi de dang han dugc Ddng Ihdl trong cac hpc phin Phuang phdp day hpc sinh hpc va Ren luyen nghiep vu su pham sinh hpc chiing toi tang cudng ren luyen cho sinh vign ky nang xii !i cac linh hudng su pham sinh hoc
Trang 74, KET L U AN VA KIEN NGHI 4,2, Kien ngh|
^""i" Vice nghien ciiu di (mg dung
Chiing toi nhan thSy thong qua S phuong phap nay vao day hpc sinh hoc
hoat dong neu Hen di chia se kiin thiic vl >^o„g chi dimg Iai o day ma nen tiSp tuc phuong phap BTNB cho shih vicn su " "^'^ •"?' P^ Phuong phap day hoc va pham sinh hoc hong hoc phin Ren luyen '^^': ^1^ P^ sinh hoc khac Tang cuong nghiep vu su pham sinh hpc la co hieu ^ ^ ° ^^^ '^^0 ^^^ ^en su pham smh hpc
qua Qua do, sinh vien bijt thijt kl giao "gWen ciiu khoa hoc; day cho sinh vien
in, tap giang, nhan xet tilt tap giang theo '^"^ *^ °™g f^ <biit ki, thu thap va xu li tiinh ttr 5 buoc ciia phuong phap BTNB, '^^^ ^ ^ hu6ng su pham
nang cao nhSn thiic va co thai do tich cue
voi phuong phap nay
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Bp Giao due va Dao tao, Sinh hoc ft NXB Giap due Viet Nara, 2011
P] Nguyin Vh^ Hiln, Ngo Van Hung & Nguyin Thi Hoa, Phuang phdp "Bgn tay nan bgt "-otS dgy hgc Sinh hoc a Tnmg hgc casdBiiGilio due vi Bio tao, 20i4
T ' l l ^ ' ^ T H r ^ n ™ ' " ' "'•*" " ' " ' ' "' "•'" ""^''P>""-'^P^P ••Bdn lay nan bgt",
Truong THCS Duong Npi, Ha Dpng, Ha Noi, 2013
TEACHING "HANDS-ON" IN THE BIOLOGY PEDAGOGICAL TRAINING
MODULE FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS
Truong Tht Thao'
ABSTRACT
"Hands-on " encourages students to explore, discover things and tg promote theu scierutfu: passion II ts therefore necessary lo teach college students how tg apply this method in teaching biology In their future career Through this research, we have designed a p,-ocess invglvtng S specific gcltvities for leaching this method lo students
Keyword: Hands-on
cus&g
'Khpa Supham Tu nhien Tn.^., r\ • u
i- ,v iinien, I ruong Dai hpc pham Van Dong,
Email: thaojruongthigyahoo.com