I NGHIEN COU Li LUAN VAN DE TIEP NHAN VA GIAI MA VAN BAN VAN HOC TRONG CHiraNG TRINH NGff VAN MOfr DO NGOC THONG W$n Khoa hoc Giao due Viet Nam Email lhongdangoc@yahoo com Tom tat Bai viit dicdp din v[.]
Trang 1VAN DE TIEP NHAN VA GIAI MA VAN BAN VAN HOC TRONG CHiraNG TRINH NGff VAN MOfr
DO NGOC THONG
W$n Khoa hoc Giao due Viet Nam Email: lhongdangoc@yahoo.com
Tom tat: Bai viit dicdp din vdn de tiep nhdn vd gidi md vdn bdn vdn hoc trong ehuang trinh Ngd vdn mdi Trong bdi,
tdc gid phdn tieh 1/Xu the vd quan mem qudc teve doc hieu vdn bdn; 2/ Dmh hudng vd yeu cdu ve doe hieu cua chUOng trinh Ngtf vdn mdi Theo tdc gid bdi viet, trong chuang trinh gido due pho thong mdi, noi dung mon Ngu" van duac phdn chia theo hai giai doan, do Id giai doan gido due ca ban vd giai doan gido due dinh hudng nghe nghiep Yeu cdu can dat ve doc hieu vdn bdn trong nhd trudng gom: hieu nol dung vdn bdn; hieu hinh thtfc the hien; van dung, lien he, so sdnh ngoai vdn bdn Trong vdn ban vdn hoc, ngtf lieu cho tdt cd cdc Idp deu phdi cd vdn ban tUsUvd vdn bdn trtftinh 06 kho cua cdc vdn bdn doc tdng dan qua ttfng ndm hoe Thdi gian de day hoe mot vdn bdn phdi tuang thich vdi dp ddi vd do phdc tap eua vdn bdn degido vien cd the giup hoe sinh tiep cdn day du vdn bdn, hoe sinh co cahoi doc trtfc tiep vd tron ven nhdng tde pham duoc chon hoc
Ttf khoa: Van ban; vdn bdn vdn hoc; doc hieu vdn bdn; chuang trinh Ngtf vdn mdi
(Nhan bai ngay 01/04/2016; Nhan ket qua phdn bien va chinh stfa ngay 14/04/2017, Duyet dang ngay 25/04/2017)
1 O a t v a n d e
Trong p h a m vi nha t r u d n g p h o t h d n g , c d t h e h i e u
ndng luc doc c h i n h la ndng lUc tiep nhan vd gidi md cac
loai van b a n , t r o n g d d van b a n v a n hoc c h i e m m d t vi t r i
het sdc q u a n t r o n g , C u n g v d i n g h e , n h l n , dge la h a n h
d d n g t i e p n h a n M u d n t i e p n h a n cd h i e u q u a t h i d o c
phai hieu, M u d n h i e u t h i p h a i b i e t each giai ma van b a n
doc Van ban van hoc c d dac t r U n g n e n g , each ma h d a
(code) n e n g , vi t h e phai co each giai m a (decode), each
d o e n e n g Tren ca sd n g h i e n c d u xu t h e q u d c te, t r o n g
bai Viet nay, c h u n g t d i gidi t h i e u d m h h u d n g va yeu cau
d o c hieu van ban van hoc t r o n g c h u a n g t r i n h (CT) N g d
van m d l d a n g soan t h a o
2, Xu t h e va q u a n n i e m ve d o c h i e u v a n b a n
Q u a n m e m ve doc hieu v a n b a n , n h a t la v a n ban
van hoc t r o n g gidi n g h i e n cdu het sdc da d a n g , p h o n g
p h u , Tuy n h i e n , vdi p h a m vi nha t r u d n g p h o t h d n g , khi
day hoc d o c hieu van b a n , can xac d m h m d t each h i e u
p h u h o p v a i d d i t u a n g giao v i e n va hoe sinh (HS), m d t
k h d n g q u a p h d e tap, han l a m , k h d v a n d u n g M a t khae,
d o yeu cau h d i n h a p , k h d n g t h e k h d n g q u a n t a m d e n xu
the Chung Oe c d c o sd d e xuat yeu cau d o c h i e u c h o CT
N g u v a n Viet N a m t r o n g giai d o a n t d i , c h u n g tdi da t h a m
k h a o m d t sd CT va sach giao khoa nudc n g o a i D o g i d i
han cua k h u d n k h o bai viet n e n c h u n g toi chi neu m d t
sd net ve day hoc d o c hieu d Hoa Kl n h u m d t n g h i e n cUu
d i e n h i n h (case study)
Chuong tnr
uoc hoi l^iio, in duoc Xiiy dung theo Nghi quyet c
2 7 Trudc het, can k h S n g d i n h viec coi t r o n g hinh
t h a n h , p h a t t n e n n a n g luc d o c va c h u y each day hoc doc
h i e u v a n b a n la x u t h e c h u n g ciia CT giao d u e cac nude,
n h a t la cac n u d c p h a t t n e n n h U Hoa Ki, A n h , Uc, Han
t i e n g A n h ma c d n p h a i t h u c h i e n t r o n g cac m d n hoc khae Vl t h e d Hoa Ki, b e n c a n h c h u a n d o c c h o m d n tieng
A n h e d n cd c h u a n d o e v i e t (literacy) c h o cac m d n nhU; Lich sd, Khoa hoc xa h d i , K h o a h o c t u n h i e n - KI thuat (Standards f o r Literacy i n H i s t o r y / S o c i a l Studies, Science,
a n d Technical Subjects) D e t h a y rd vai t r d ciia day doc
h i e u , Td chdc Khao t h i Oai hoc M I (2008)^ da k h a o sat va
n e u len t h d n g ke sau d a y Tmh t r a n g ngUdi hoc
K h d n g duoc chuan bi ve doc hieu
Duac chuan bi ve doc hieu
Ca hoi thanh cong sau nay
Khoa hoc
1 %
32 %
To^n hoc
1 5 %
6 7 % Trudc t i n h t r a n g d o va n h a m d a p d n g d d i hdi t d cac dai hoc, n g a n h n g h e va t h i t r u d n g lao d d n g (CCR)^ nam hen b a n g ( C o m m o n Core states s t a n d a r d s ) ' , t r o n g dd
m d n T i e n g A n h n e u len y e u cau d o c h i e u c h u n g c h o tat
ca cac b a n g n h u sau "Tat ca HS p h d t h d n g can c d hieu
b i e t va l a m d u o c , c h d n g m m h d u a c cac h i e u biet va ki
n a n g ve d o c h i e u v d i 10 y e u cau sau:
:torg/researcli/poiicymakers/pdf/ForgotienMidd
3 College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Reading
i iittp/Zwwwcorestandardsorg
' h i t p / /
3 pdf
Trang 2A Tutudng chinh vd chi tiet {Key Ideas and Details)
1 D o c kf va xac d i n h v a n b a n n d i g l , giat t h i c h va
t r i n h bay cac suy l u a n logic t d v a n b a n , trfch d a n eae
lam sang t o n h d n g n h a n xet, k e t l u a n t d v a n b a n ;
2 Xac d i n h t u t u d n g hoac c h i i d e t r u n g t a m ciia v a n
ban va p h a n t i c h sU p h a t t r i e n cita t U t u d n g / chit d e ay;
t d m t a t cae chi t i e t va y t u d n g e h i n h ;
3 Phan t i c h cac n h a n vat, sU k i e n , t U t U d n g p h a t
t n e n , t u o n g tac n h u t h e n a o va tai sao t r o n g t o a n b d v a n
ban;
6 Ki thudt viit vd cdu true {Craft and Structure)
4 Giai t h i c h cac t d va c u m t d d u o c s d d u n g t r o n g
v a n b a n , b a o g d m each xac d i n h n g h i a d e n va n g h i a
b d n g , p h a n t i e h c u t h e sU lUa c h o n t d n g d n h d t h e n a o
d e t a o n g h f a va a m h U d n g ,
5 Phan t i c h cau t r u e v a n b a n , b a o g d m cac cau,
d o a n va cac p h a n / d o n vi Idn h a n ciia van b a n ( p h a n ,
t o a n b d v a n b a n ;
6 D a n h gia d i e m n h m va m u c d i c h da t a o n e n n d i
d u n g , p h o n g each v a n b a n n h U t h e nao,
C Tich hgp hiiu biit vd cdc y tudng {Integration of
Knowledge and Ideas)
7 T i c h h a p va d a n h gia n d i d u n g d u a e t r i n h bay
t r o n g cac h i n h t h d c va M e d i a khae n h a u , b a o g d m ca
true q u a n va sd l u a n g t d n g d ;
8 Xac d m h , d a n h gia sU lap
luan va cac t u y e n b d c u t h e t r o n g
van b a n , b a o g d m t i n h h o p le cua
li luan c u n g n h u sU p h u h o p va day
d i i ciia eae bSng c h d n g ;
9 Phan tich hai hoac n h i e u
hOn cac v a n b a n c d c u n g c h u de, d e
tai g i d n g n h a u n h U t h e n a o d e t a o
ra h i e u b i e t va so sanh each t i e p can
cua cac tac gia;
D Phgm vi vd mtfc dp phtfc
tgp cua vdn bdn (Range of Reading
and Level of Text Complexity)
10 D q e va h i e u cac v a n ban
van hpe c u n g n h U van b a n t h d n g
t i n p h d c t a p m d t each d d c lap va
t h a n h thao."^
2.2 D e d a p d n g yeu cau ve
d o c h i e u neu t r o n g c h u a n c h u n g ,
cac sach g i a o k h o a Van hoc cua Hoa
sdc c d n g p h u , giau t i n h k h o a h o c v a
t i n h sU p h a m , da d a n g va h a p d a n
Toan b d y e u cau ve d o e h i e u v a n b a n d u a c t d m I d d e lai
t r o n g m u c Cam nang doc hieu ( R e a d i n g h a n d b o o k ) in d
p h a n c u d i m o i c u d n saeh g i a o k h o a Van h o c D u d i d a y
n h u s a u :
* To chtfc dgy dge hiiu vdn bdn theo the logi vd cdc thdnh td tao nin moi the logi
T d t d p 6 d e n Idp 12, n h i n c h u n g HS d u g c l a m q u e n
va d o c h i e u v a n b a n t h e o 2 loai: v a n b a n v a n h o c [Literary texts] va v a n b a n t h d n g t i n ( I n f o m a t i o n a l texts) Van b a n van hoc b a o g d m cac v a n b a n hU cau
(hetion) n h u truyen ngdn, tieu thuyet, thava kich N g o a i
ra, c d n c d cac v a n b a n p h i h u cau ( n o n f i c t i o n ) n h U hoi ki lugn (essays)
T r o n g cac t h e loai var\ b a n v a n hoc, HS dUOe l a m
q u e n va t a p d o c h i e u t h e o cae t h a n h t d q u a n t r p n g t a o
n e n t h e loai ay Vi d u , k h i hoc ve t r u y e n , HS can n a m dUge
cac t h a n h t d c d t ldi nhU: cot truyen, nhdn vdt, chu di, boi cdnh, xung dot, dlemnhin.Jhi\oa\ va cac t h a n h t d lap lai
d cac Idp, n h u n g v d i n h u n g v a n b a n n g d lieu m d i va p h a t
t r i e n t h e m not d u n g , y e u c a u D u d i d a y la b a n g t d n g h o p
cac t h a n h t d c o t Idi ciia m d i t h e loai van b a n d u o c h o e d
eae Idp c a p T r u n g hoc cO sd (Bang 1)
* HUdng ddn doc hiiu vdn bdn theo the logi
T h d n g t h u d n g , cac bai h o e d u o c t d c h d c t h e o q u y
t r i n h 3 giai d o a n , d o la: t r u d c khi doc, t r o n g k h i d o e va
Bdng 1: long hop cdc thdnh tdcot loi ciia moi the loai vdn bdn duoc hoed ede
lap cdp Trung hoc ca sd
5 Common core state standards forEngli
shLanguageArts htlpV/wwwcorestand
6 Cu the la bo Dougal Littell Mc (2010)
Literature, Grade6 -Grade 12
Lc>p
Truyen
Tho
Kich
6
• c o t truyen
• x u n g d o t
• nhan vat
• chu d e
- d i e m nhln
• hinh dang (form)
• d o n g t h o
- k h d t h o
• n h i p t h o
• v a n t h o
• cot truyen
• nhan vat
• hanh d o n g
• h d i / c a n h (scene)
• ddi thoai
• l d i dao dien
7
• cot truyen
• xung d o t
• n h a n vat
• b d i c a n h
• chii de
• diem nhin
• hinh dang
• d o n g t h o
• k h o t h a
• n h i p t h a
• van t h a
• ngUoi phat
n g d n (speaker)
• hinh anh
• cdt truyen
• nhan vat
• hanh d o n g
• h d i / c a n h
• d d i thoai
• ldi dao dien
8
• cdt truyen
• xung d d t
• nhan vat
• chii de
• diem nhin
• ngudl ke
• hinh dang
• d d n g t h o
• k h d t h o
• n h i p t h o
• van t h o
• ngUdi phat ngon
• h i n h ^ n h
• a m t h a n h
• cdt truyen
• nhan vat
• hanh d o n g
• h d i / c a n h
• d d i thoai
• ldi dao dien
9
• cdt truyen
• x u n g d d t
• n h a n v a t
• chu d e
• d i e m nhin
• n g u d l ke
• h i n h d a n g
• d d n g t h o
• k h d t h o
• n h i p t h o
• n g u d l phat n g d n
• h i n h anh
• am t h a n h
• n g o n n g d hinh t u o n g
• cdt truyen
• nhan vat
• h a n h d d n g
• h d i / c a n h
• ddi thoai
• loi dao dien
• ddc t h o a i
• p h u o n g n g u
Trang 3sau khi doe Cac chien luqc doc
{Strategies for Reading) dUOc cai dat
vao ea 3 giai doan nay, Chien luac
doc thuc chat la phuong phap, each
thdc doc duoc trinh bay gan vdi cac
the loai Idn nhu Doc tha tU sU; Doc
truyen tho; Doc tho trCl tinh; Doc tha
trao phung; Doc tha Dudng ludt, Doc
tho Hai cu hoac Doc thotdngUcdnh
lich stf vdn hoa; Doc tha ttf phang
cdch tdc gid Tuy nhien, chien luoc
doc chu yeu the hien d mdt sd yeu
cau chung sau,
- Tong quan ve van ban ehii yeu
de nhan dien hinh thdc van ban,
- Xde dmh muc tieu doc: dmh hudng nhiem vu doc
hieu van ban,
- Doc dien cam: de nhan dien cac phuong tien tao
am thanh (nhat la tho)
- Hinh dung: tudng tuong the gidi nghe thuat trong
van ban (ngudi phat ngdn, hinh anh, cam xuc, nhan
vat )
- Ket nor van dung nhdng trai nghiem van hoc va
thuc tien ciia ngUdi doc vao cam nhan va phan tich cac
yeu td trong van ban
' Tao suy ludn cat nghfa bieu tuong, cac yeu td va
thdng diep cua van ban.,
- Qudn II viec doc kiem soat qua trinh giai ma va
kien tao y nghfa
- Du kien ket ludn/ khai quat hda/tdng hop de hieu
thdng diep ciia van ban
Ngoai ra, cac cach doc con dUOc ren luyen theo
tdng thanh td tao nen cac the loai nhu trong bang tren
Chang han, mudn hieu ve nhan vat trd tinh/ngudi phat
ngdn trong van ban tho hoac mudn hieu ve van, nhip
trong bai tha,.thudng cd cac yeu cau tim hieu trong giai
doan trudc khi doc hieu Sau day la md hinh hudng dSn
doc hieu truyen trong Cam nang doc
hieu'-• Ooc nhan de cua truyen- khi doc hay chu y xem
nhan de truyen cd y nghia gi dac biet
• Nam duoc mach cac sU kien da xay ra Cdt truyen
duoc hinh thanh bdi cac sU kien theo hinh sau;
Bang 2: Cdc dang edu hoi eho doe hiiu
Cac giai doan doc
TrUdc khi doc:
Can hieu minh doc gi va tai sao
Trong khi doc:
Kiem tra viec hieu ciia ban
Sau khi doc:
Phan tich doan tuyen lUa va kham pha tu tudng chinh
Loai cau hdi
LUa chon doe cai gl?
Tai sao tdi doc' Oe tieu khien hay de hoc hdi' Oieu gi xay ra trong viec lUa chon? Phan nao khd hieu ddi vdi tdi'
NhUng chi tiet nao giup tdi hinh dung ra canh tuong trong tam tri minh?
Chii de cua doan trich [ lUa chon) co the la gi? Thdng diep cudc sdng d day la gl' Dieu gi la thdng nhat trong phong cach/ldi viet cua tae gia
phat sinh liUnli tlong
dinli diem
I thoai trao
\ sidi quyet van de
• Tu nhdng chi tiet ma nha van cung cap, hay hinh
dung, tudng tUOng ve cac nhan vat Du doan nhdng gi
CO the xay ra tiep theo
• Hay rim kiem cac cht tiet giup ban hinh dung ra bdi canh - thdi gian va dia diem ma sUviec da xuat hien
* Cdu hdi cho doc hiiu
Cd nhieu dang cau hdi hUdng dan doe hieu mdt van ban gan vdi 3 giai doan khi doc (trudc, trong va sau khi doe) (Bang 2)
Tuy nhien, cd the thay loai cau hdi sau khi dge la
cae cau hot chinh giup ngUdi doc hieu, phan tich, kham pha tutudng va danh gia van ban Cac cau hdicu the rat duoc khai quat thanh 3 loai Idn, cd the coi dd la md hinh cau hdi doe hieu van ban- tac pham Ba loai cau hdi la:
-Hiiu (comprehension) chii yeu kiem tra ndi dung
thdng tin, thudng sddung cae ddng tdhdi nhU hay nhd lai (recall); hay lam rd (clarify), hay tdm tat [summary)
- Phan tich vdn hoc (literary analysis): chi ra, phan
tich vai trd, mdi quan he giua hinh thdc va ndi dung van ban Oay la phan trong tam va cd nhieu dang cau hoac budc ngoat cua truyen (recognize climax); hay riit
ra ket luan (draw conclusions), hay giai thich chii de [interpret theme), danh gia (evaluate), khai quat/ tong hop (synthesize)
- Phi binh vdn hge (literary criticism)' nhan xet,
danh gia gia tn cua van ban, thudng vdi yeu cau giai thich cd phe phan [critical interpretation) Tham khao them mdt sd sach giao khoa trong nha truong Australia" cung thay md hinh cau hdi tuang tu, thudng theo 3 yeu eau trong viec doc hieu; a) Noi ve cai g i ' (what is being said') b) Cd y nghia g i ' (what does it mean?) c) Tdi nghi gi ve dieu d o ' (what do I think about it'},
Td day ma thiet ke md hinh eau hdi doc hieu Cau hdi dau yeu cau ngudi doc nam duoc nghia den, noi
dung tudng mmh trong van ban; cau hot thU hai yeu cau
hieu nghia bong, ndi dung ham an trong van ban, cau hdi thu ba huong den ngudi doc lien he, nhan xet danh gia ve dieu mmh da hieu
Co the ndi, doc hieu la toan bd qua tnnh tiep xuc
S Amanda Ford, Elizabeth Haywood (2010}, Success^
Comprehemion Oxford University Press Australia
Trang 4NGHIEN CflU Ll LUAN ffi
true tiep vdi van ban (gdm qua trinh cam thu ki hieu vat
trinh nhan thdc, qua trinh tu duy (tiep nhan, phan tich,
cd sin gida cae ddng van, dpc ra nhdng bieu tuong, an
y ciia van ban va dien dat lai bSng Idi cua ngudi doc,
van ban (sd thay ddi nhan thdc, tU tudng, rinh cam ciia
ngUdi dpc, rim ra y nghia lich sir, gia tri eua van ban
trong cae thdi dai khae nhau)
3.€>jnh hudng va yeu cau vedoc hieu cua chdcrng
trinh NgCfvan mdi
3.1 Dinh hUdng chung cua mon hge
Dmh hudng phat trien ciia CT Ngd van mdi duac
ghi trong van ban CT gido due pho thong tong the (2017)
nhusau [1]"Ngdvanlamdn hoc bat budc td lap 1 den Idp
12 Ndi dung cdt ldi bao gdm cac mach kien thdc va ki
vdi cac yeu cau can dat ve pham chat va nang lUc cita HS
dtdng cap hoc
Trong CT giao due phd thdng, ndi dung mdn Ngd
v^n duoc phan chia theo hai giai doan:
- Giai dogn giao due ca bdn:
Mdn hoc cd ten la Tieng Viet d cap Tieu hoe va Ngd
van d cap Trung hoc CO sd, Ket thuc giai doan giao due
CO ban, HS cdt he sddung tieng Viet thanh thao de giao
tiep hieu qua trong cudc sdng hang ngay va hoc tap tdt
van ban phd bien va thiet yeu, gdm van ban van hoc,
bdi duong va phat trien ve tam hdn va nhan each, CT
duoc thiet ke theo cae mach not dung ehinh, doc, viet,
ndi va nghe Kien thUc tieng Viet va van hoe duoc tieh
hop trong qua trinh day hoc doc, viet, ndi va nghe Cae
ngd lieu duoc lUa chon va sap xep phu hop vdi kha nang
tiep nhan ciia HS d moi cap hoc
- Giai dogn gido due dinh hudng nghi nghiep:
Mdn hoc giup HS nang eao nang luc sd dung tieng
Viet trong cac hoat ddng hoc tap va thuc tien ddi sdng,
ddng thdi tiep can vdi mdt sd ndi dung hoc tap cd lien
nhu cau hoc tap ciia ngudi hoc
0 giai doan nay, CT mdn hoc tiep tuc cung cd cac
mach ndi dung cua giai doan giao due co ban, giiip HS
phat tnen toan dien cac kl nang doc, viet, ndi va nghe;
qua dd phat tnen tu duy ddc lap, sang tao va kha nang
lap luan, chii y nhieu han den tmh chat cdng cu cua mdn
nang luc tao lap van ban nghi luan, van ban thdng tin cd
dd phdc tap hon ve chude va kf thuat viet, giup HScdca
hdi doc nhieu va doc sau han cac tac pham van hoc theo
the loai, giai doan van hoc hay phong cach sang tae,
trang bi mdt sd kien thdc lieh sdvan hoc, If luan van hoc
cd tac dung thiet thuc ddi voi viec doc va viet ve van hoc
CT cung quan tam thieh dang den doc, viet, noi
va nghe cac loai van ban cd lien quan den cac nganh
nghe; ddng thdi giup HS cd nhdng hieu biet tdang ddi hoc, kha nang ung dung cac nang luc ve ngdn ngd va van hoc trong ddi sdng va edng viec, td dd kham pha nghiep tuong lai"[1]
TU dmh hudng tren, cd the thay yeu cau bao trum len tat ca cae khau eua qua trinh day hoc Ngd van la tap trung vao viec hinh thanh va phat trien nang lUC cho HS, trong do nang luc giao tiep, dac biet la giao tiep ngdn ngd (nang lUe ngdn ngd), trong dd bao ham ea nang luc giao tiep da phuang thdc (ngdn ngd ket hap vdi hinh anh, bieu dd, ki hieu, ,) So vdi dmh hudng ciia CT hien
tnen ndng lUc giao tiep ngon ngtf d tdt cd cdc hinh thtfe doe, viet, n6i vd nghe, bao gom ca ndng Itfc giao tiep da phuang thtfe
Nhiem vy eua day doc hieu theo yeu cau phat trien nang lire trong nha trUdng khdng chi giup HS hieu, tiep
cu the ma thdng qua viec day doc nay cdn giup HS biet
cdch doc hieu, cdehgidimd loai van ban nay, cao hon nUa
phai biet van dyng each doc hieu ay de tU doe cac van b^n van hoc tuang tU
Day la mdt nhiem vu va yeu cau rat nang ne, nhSm khae phuc tinh trang doc thy ddng trong day hoe van d nha trudng thay doc hd, cam nhan, hieu va phan tich hd,
HS ehi biet tiep thu, ISng nghe, nhae lai nhdng gi thay cd giang va eho ghi, dac biet la hoan toan lung tung, be tac truoc nhdng van ban-tac pham khdng cd trong CT, chua dUOc nghe giang
3.2 Yiu cdu vi doc hiiu trong chuang trinh Ngtf vdn mdi
CT Ngd van mdi nhan thUc rat rd vai trd cua viee doc hieu va day hoc doc hieu cho HS Thdng qua eae hoat ddng doe va tiep nhan van ban, nhat la van ban van hoc, ngudi hoe duoc tiep xuc, ghi nho, phan tfch, binh
va nhan loai, nhdng van ban nghi luan tieu bieu, nhdng van ban thdng tin da dang ve kieu loai, phong phii ve de tai Nhd dd, ngUdi hoc cd duoc each doc, phuong phap van ban, nang luctuduy, nang luetham ml, dap Ung ddi hdi ciia cac cap hoc, ciia thi trudng lao ddng va cua ddi sdng Qua hoat ddng doc, ngudi hoc cung duoc trang
bl nhdng hieu biet ve van hoe, van hda, ngdn ngd; bdi dudng tutudng, tinh cam va ldi sdng cao dep, nhan van, phu hop voi truyen thdng ciia dan tdc va yeu cau ciia van moi de xuat 03 yeu cau can dat (chuan ket qua) ve doc hieu van ban trong nha trudng nhu sau
3 2.1 Hieu noi dung vdn bdn
Nhan biet duac cac chi tiet, ndi dung cu the cua van ban, tdm tat dUOc dien bien ciia cau truyen, vd kich, ham an ciia van ban, din ra duoc cac bang chung cu
Trang 5t h e t d t r o n g v a n b a n lam sang t d c h o y n g h i a d a h i e u ;
c h i i d e ciia v a n b a n , giai t h i c h y n g h i a n h a n d e van b a n
va each xac d i n h c h i i d e Ndi d u n g v a n b a n k h d n g ehi
la n h d n g gi h i e n n g d n , t u d n g m i n h [be noi) m a c d n la
chd, cac h i n h t h d c t h e hien, n h a t la vdt v a n b a n v a n hoe
N h d n g n d i d u n g h a m an ay, k h d n g ehi x u a t h i e n d o sU
da n g h i a t d cac p h u a n g t h d e b i e u d a t va c h a t lieu n g d n
t d n g h e t h u a t ma c d n nay smh t r o n g q u a t r i n h t u a n g tae
v d i ngUdi doe, m u c d i c h , n h i e m v u va b d i c a n h d o c
3.2-2- Hieu hinh thtfc the hien
H i n h t h d c ciia van ban t h e h i e n t r e n hai b i n h d i e n
Idn; N g d n n g u v a t h e loai Hieu n g d n n g d v a n b a n la h i e u
n g h e t h u a t sd d u n g n g d n n g d : n h d n g n e t dac s i c each
d u n g t u , d a t cau, t o ehdc d o a n v a n , cac b i e n p h a p t u tU,
t o ehdc chdc d i e n n g d n ; cac yeu t d t h u d c n g d n n g d n d i
t h o a i ; n g d n n g d tU n h i e n va cac p h u a n g t i e n giao t i e p
p h i n g d n ngd TU d d p h a n tieh, d a n h gia d u a e s u p h u
h o p ciia cac yeu t d n g d n n g d t r o n g viee b i e u d a t n d i
d u n g van b a n
Hieu t h e loai la hieu dae t r U n g va vai t r d , tac d u n g
cua cac t h e loai- can nhdn biet, mieu td, phdn tich, so sdnh,
ddnh gid cac yeu t d van hoc n h U boi cdnh, cot truyen, xung
dot truyen, nhdn vdt, tinh tiet van, nhip, dong tha, kho tho,
mdn kich t r o n g cac van b a n t h u d c eae t h e loai v a n hoc
CO ban t r o n g nha t r u d n g n h u truyen, tho, kich, ki, Phan
t i c h , d a n h gia sU p h i i h o p cua t h e loai d u a e c h o n d d i v d i
muc d i c h va d d i t U o n g t i e p n h a n cua van b a n
3-2.3 Vdn dung, lien he, so sdnh ngodi vdn bdn
Hieu van ban c d n t h e h i e n d y e u cau b i e t p h a n t i c h ,
so sanh, d a n h gia q u a n he giua n d i d u n g ciia v a n ban v o i
bdi canh lich sd, xa h d i va v a n hda So sanh, d a n h gia cac
tae gia, v a n b a n , t h e loai cd lien he v d i n h a u ve t h d i g i a n ,
de tai, e h i l de, hoac p h o n g each sang tac So sanh, d a n h
gia van ban viet b i n g n g d n n g d tU n h i e n v d i v a n b a n da
t r u y e n , hoac n h a n vat Phan t i c h , so sanh, d a n h gia q u a n
doc, n h d n g bai hoc riit ra t d v i e c doc van b a n , d a n h gia,
(tn t h d c nen) ciia n g u d i doc
3.3 Yeu cdu ngtf liiu doc hiiu vdn bdn vdn hge
Viec lua c h o n van ban van hoc lam n g d lieu t r o n g
day doc h i e u p h a i dUa t r e n cac yeu cau sau
a) N g d lieu phai p h u h o p va p h u c v u true t i e p c h o
viec h m h t h a n h , p h a t t t i e n p h a m chat va n a n g luc, dac
b i e t la cac p h a m chat n h u yeu nudc, n h a n ai, yeu lao
n g h e va ndi c u n g voi n a n g luc t h a m m l va cac n a n g lUc
c d t Idi khae
b) N g d heu phai hay, dac s i c , t i e u b i e u c h o cac t h e
loai van ban van hoc dUac day hoc t r o n g p h a m vi nha
t r u d n g p h o t h d n g t h e o yeu cau cua CT m d n hoc Van
ban van hoc d u o c xac d m h g d m 4 t h e loai Ion la t r u y e n /
t i e u t h u y e t ; t h o , k i c h va kf T r o n g m o i t h e loai lai c d cac
t i e u loat M o i t h e ioai ed n h d n g t h a n h t d t a o n e n dac
t r U n g cua t h e loai d o LUa c h o n cae v a n b i n t i e u bieu ve
t h e loai se g i u p c h o v i e c h i n h t h a n h each doe, phUdng
p h a p doc, t d d d p h a t t r i e n n a n g l u e t u d o c ( d p c d d c l a p
-i n d e p e n d e n t r e a d -i n g ) c) N g d l i e u p h a i t i e u b i e u e h o t h a n h t U u v a n hoc
-v a n hda d a n tdc, n h a n loai -va p h u h d p -vdt t r i n h do, tam-sinh li Ida t u o i hoc smh cac cap.Tieu chf nay x u a t phat t d
h i e n t r u y e n t h d n g c i i a d a n t d e n h u t i n h t h a n yeu nudc,y
t h d c v e d d c l a p , e h i l q u y e n q u o c g i a ; I d n g n h a n ai, khoan
d a p Ung d u o c h d n g t h i i , sd t h i c h n e n g ciia cae e m , dem lai m e m v u i t r o n g viee h o c N g d v a n
d) N g d lieu ke t h d a cac v a n b a n da c d t r o n g CT va sach g i a o k h o a h i e n h a n h , n h U n g c d t h e b d t r i lai d cac Idp c h o p h u h o p v d i y e u cau m d i Cae v a n b a n t r o n g CT
t u y n h i e n d o m u c t i e u v l y e u cau cua CT m d i can ed su lua c h o n v l s i p x e p iai n h a m p h u c v u t d t n h a t viec phat
t r i e n n a n g lUc d o c h i e u c i i a hoc s i n h e) C h i i y b a o d a m sU c a n d d i t u a n g ddt giua cac
t h e loai [ t r u y e n , t h a , k i , kich), g i d a v a n hoc t r u n g dai va
v a n hoc h i e n d a i , g i d a v a n h o c d a n g i a n v l v a n hoc viet, giUa v a n hoc d a n t d c K m h va d a n t d c t h i e u sd, gida van
h o c Viet N a m va v a n h o c n u d c n g o a i , gida D d n g va Tay
c a p hoe, t h e o m d t t i le t h i c h h o p , c h d k h d n g p h a i cd tl le
b a n g n h a u
f ) CT N g d v a n m d i k h d n g q u y d m h c u t h e cac van
b a n v a n hoc d u a c d a y t r o n g t U n g I d p Tuy vay, mdt
sd tac p h a m q u a n t r o n g b i t b u d c d a y h o c t r o n g nha
t r u y e n ciia Li T h u d n g Klet), Hich tUdng si cua Tran Qudc
T u a n , Binh Ngo dai cdo cua N g u y e n Trai, Truyen Kieu eua
C h i e u , Tuyen ngon doc Idp c u a H d C h i M i n h N g o l i ra, CT
c d n c d m d t p h u luc cac v a n b a n d u a c k h u y e n n g h i day
t h a m k h I o , h i n h d u n g d u a c d d k h d , d o d l i v l sUthich
h o p ve t h e loai, d e tai c i i a van b a n d d i v d i t d n g Idp hoc,
t h e m cac v a n b a n m a m i n h y e u t h f c h v d i sd l u o n g tdi
HS t u d o c v a c d h i n h t h d c k i e m t r a , d a n h gia ket qua tU
d o c eiia HS
4 K e t l u a n Day hoc N g d van t h e o d m h h u d n g day e l c h tiep
n h a n va giai m a v a n b a n , g i i i p c h o n g u d i hoc t d cho doc
c d h u d n g d i n ciia g i a o v i e n d e n b i e t t d m i n h doc hieu,
b i e t each gia m a , t u k h a m p h a ve d e p cua v a n b i n la mot
xu h u d n g m a n g t i n h p h d q u a t t r o n g CT m d n hoc nay cua n h i e u n u d c p h a t t n e n
C h u a n g t r i n h N g u v a n m d i ciia Viet N a m dang
Trang 6dugc bien soan theo yeu cau "dot mdi eIn bin t o l n
dien giao dye va dao tao", dap dng yeu eau can hinh
thanh va phat trien eho HS nhdng pham chat va nang
lUc can thiet ciia ngudi lao ddng mdi nen khdng the
khdng chu y tdi xu hudng day hpe doe hieu da neu
Hien thyc hda duge xu hudng day doe hieu nay se la
mdt bude tien quan trong trong viee phat tnen CT mdn
hoc cung nhutrong viec day hoc Ngd van d n h l trudng
phd thdng Viet Nam
TAILIIUTHAMKHAO
[1 ], Bd Giao due va Oao tao, (2017), Dtfthdo Chuong trinh Gido ducpho thong tSng the
[2] Bd Gilo due va Oao tao, (2017), Duthdo chuang trinh mdn Ngdvan
[3], CCSSO and NGA-USA,(2010), Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts, Literacyin History/ Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects [4].M Douga\,{20^Q), Literature for grade 6-12
RECEIVING AND DECIPHERING LITERARYTEXTS
IN THE NEW PHILOLOGY CURRICULUM
Do Ngoc Thong
The Vietnam Institute of Educational Sciences Email: thongdongoc@yahoo.com Abstract: The article deals with the issue of reception and decoding of literary texts in the new Philology curriculum
In this article, the author analyzes:!) the international trend and perception oftext reading comprehension; 2/Orientation and reading requirements of the New Philology curriculum- According to the author In the new school curriculum Philology contents are divided into two phases, that is the phase of basic education and vocational education phase The requirements for reading comprehension in the school include, understanding of the text; understanding of the expression, application, connection and comparison outside the text In literary texts, linguistic writing for al! grades must
be narrative and lyrical The difficulty of reading texts increases over the school years Time amount for teaching each text must be compatible with the length and complexity of the text so that the teacher can help students reach the full text, students have opportunities to read directly and completely the selected works
Keywords: Text; literary text; text reading comprehension, New Philology curriculum