O NGHIEN CUrU Li LUAN BAN CHAT GIAO DUC CONG DAN TOAN CAU TRONG HE THONG GIAO DUC NGUYEN TIEN HUNG Vien Khoa hoc Gl̂ o due Viet Nam Email hunga60@gmajl com Tom tPt Mue tieu eiia gido due edng ddn todn[.]
Trang 1BAN CHAT GIAO DUC CONG DAN TOAN CAU
TRONG HE THONG GIAO DUC
NGUYEN TIEN HUNG Vien Khoa hoc Gl^o due Viet Nam Email: hunga60@gmajl.com
Tom tPt: Mue tieu eiia gido due edng ddn todn edu nham ndng cao nhdn thtfc, y thtfc xd hoi vd hdnh vi eua ngudi
hoc trd thdnh cong ddn todn cdu dedong gop trong xd hoi todn cdu cong bdng, an todn, khoan dung vd hoa binh- Bar) chdt cua gido due cong ddn todn cdu edn ddm bdo duoc edc doe trUng- Bdo ve chdn gid tn con ngudi; Ddm bao quyen con ngUdi; Phu thuoc giUa dia phuong vd todn cdu Da dang vd dong nhat; Ddn chu vd dpi thoai, Gido due phdt tnen edc kindng tinh edm -xdhoi DethUchien thdnh cong gido due cong ddn todn cdu, he thong gido due cdn thay doi din tar) khi easd gido duc/nhd trudng vd cdc to ehdc gido due lien quan tuno tro thdnh cong dong hoc tdp vd co sUtham ducua ngUdI hoe, ngUdi day, gia dmh, ehinh quyen dia phuong, cdc to ehtfe xd hpi
Ttf khoa: Cong ddn todn cdu, he thong gido due; easd gido duc/nhd trUdng
(Nhan bdi ngdy 20/01/2017; Nhan ket qud phan bien vd ehinh sda ngdy 09/03/2017, Duyet ddng ngdy 25/04/2017)
1 £>at van de
De cap den tam quan trong ciia Giao due cdng dan
toan cau (GDCDTC), Tdng thu ki Lien hop qudc Ban
Ki-moon (2012) da nhan manh "Chung ta phai nudi dUdng
dieu gi dd hon la biet chd va tinh toan Nd cdn la ve cdng
dan GO phli dim trach day 6u vai trd quan trong cua
minh trong viec giup dd moi ngudi, tao nen mdt xa hdi
khoan dung, hda binh va edng bang han"[1],
Tai Viet Nam, trong budi lam viec vdt vOi cac thinh
vien ciia Chuong trinh GDCDTC, Bd trUdng Bd GD&OT
khang dinh Ndi dung, ndi him va muc tieu cua chuong
nudc ta Day la chdng chi the hien eon ngudi co kha nang
nghien cdu so sanh tim ra su khae biet, tuong ddng de cd
dmh hudng tiep nhan mdt each chu ddng tai Viet Nam
nhdng yeu cau thuc hien GDCDTC trong he thdng GD,
2 Ban chat ciia giao due cong dan toan cau
GDCDTC hieu la md hinh duac eau true de trang bi
va phat tnen kien thdc, cae ki nang [KN), gia tn v l thai dd
edng bang, hda binh, khoan dung, an toan va ben vdng
hon Viec trang bi kien thuc va cac KN nhan thdc nham
xay dung cac gil tri, KN mem va thai do cho ngUdi dan de
hdi ben vdng [2] Muc tieu cua GDCDTC nham nang eao
nhan thue, y thuc xa hdi hanh Vl cua ngudl hoc trd thanh
CDTC de CO the dong gdp trong xa hdi toln cau cdng
bang, an toan, khoan dung va hoa binh Cu the [3]
(1) Ve nhdn thuc NgUoi hoc nam duoc kien thdc,
hieu biet.tuduy phe phan ve cae van de toan eau, vung,
qudc gia, dia phuong, mdt quan he giUa cac qudc gia va
dan cu
\2) Ve y thtfc xd hoi Ngudi hoc trai nghiem y thdc
16 • KHOA Hge GIAO DUC
phu thudc lan nhau, chia se cle gil tri, trach nhiem dUa tren nhdng quyen con ngudi; phat trien duoc thai do thau hieu, ddng cam, doan ket, tdn trpng vdi sU khae nhau va da dang
[3) Ve hdnh vi Ngudi hoc phat trien ddng co, sin
sang hanh ddng cd hieu q u i , trich nhiem tai dia phuong, hda binh, ben vdng
Oe dat duoc myc tieu tren, ddi hdi ban chat ciia GDCDTC can dam bao dUoc cae dac trUng sau [4]
Bdo ve chdn gid tn con ngudi Day II gia tri dUOc chia
se bdi tat c l moi ngUdi va tao ra quyen cO bin de song
t u do v l phu hgp vdt cac dieu kien cu the, tu phat tnen het tiem nang ciia ca nhln phu hap cdng ddng vdi day
du quyen con ngUdt
Ddm bdo quyen con ngudi: GDCDTC dUoc xay dung
dua tren tien de la mdt the gidi chi tdt hon khi cac quyen trong de phat tnen cle chien luac xda ddi giam ngheo, thieu nang luc va sdc manh, khlc phuc eae mau thuan
de dich chuyen sang cude sdng ma mot ngudi deu co kha nang chiu trach nhiem, thich dng, tU blo ve va thuc hien duoc cac hoat ddng theo cac quyen con ngUdi,
Phu thuoc giua dia phuang vd toan cdu GDCDTC bao
ham nang cao nhan thue va hteu biet ve su phu thudc cua cac van de tdn tat tae ddng den hanh tinh: Cac hinh ddng tai dia phuang co tac ddng toln cau v l ngUOc lai Bat ki hanh ddng nao con ngudi thuc hien hay ddng lai phli chiu trach nhiem voi tuong lai ciia loai ngUOi va hanh tmh ngay td hdm nay
Da dang vd dong nhdt GDCDTC nham phat tri^n the
he tre trd thanh CDTC, dim bao duoc su khae biet, da dang nhung van phai hudng tdi cai chung tdt dep CDTC phai tu cdi md vdi ngudl khae hudng tai nhdng cai chung tdt dep, chdng lai tat ca bat cdng va phan biet ddi xd„
Trang 2Ddn chu vd doi thogi: GDCDTC thach thde eae quan
he truyen thdng gida cle nhan vat ben trong va ben
ngoai ciia he thdng GD de tao ra mot he thdng GD tap
trung han vIo dan chu v l ddi thoai tai tat ca ele cap dp
dan dan chu, toan cau va can dim bao thinh cdng cho
quan he truyen thdng gida ngUdi hoc va ngUdi day, gida
ngUdi day va cap lanh dao quan li GO,., trong ca sd GD/
nha trudng
GD phdt tnen ede KN tinh edm - xd hoi: GDCDTC
nhlm phIt tnen nhan thde, y thdc xa hdi va hanh vi phu
hop ciia CDTC, trong dd dac biet quan trpng la phat trien
cac KN tinh cam - xa hdi thdng qua trli nghiem thue tien
nhu thanh td co bin ciia phIt trien nhln thdc v l hoc
each ehung sdng Vi vay, nd can duoc hinh thinh t d viec
tieh hop tu duy, tinh cam va kha nang hanh ddng,
Nhu vay, cd the xem GDCDTC la mot xu the mang
tinh dao li va chinh tn de dich chuyen xa hdi, tao mdi
trudng phat trien CDTC va phai b i t dIu tU ca sd GO/nhl
trUdng Thuc te, mdt trong eae ehdc nang ehinh eiia he
thdng GO la nham loai bd cic gia tri chua tdt va bat binh
d^ng xa hdi Tuy nhien, khi GDCDTC duac thUc hien
trong he thdng GD ed the trd thanh thanh td trung tam
eho sU thay ddi tao ra dien din de giao tiep v l kien tao
kien thdc Nd giup ngUdi hoe xay dUng duae cac tam
nhin de ngan chan nhdng ddng cO chua dung nhU: Chii
nghia ty do mdi hay quyen ba chii van hda Vi vly, ddi
hdi dan chii cdng khai"cam ket vdi cle gia tri cdng bing
day trd thanh "nhl tn thdc mang lai thay ddi"
3 Yeu cau cai tien he thong giao due de thUc
hien giao due cong dan toan cau
Khi duong dau vdi cac thach thde eiia toan cau hda,
GDCDTC can duoc xem nhu edng cu dac biet cho tien
tnen ciia loai ngudi hudng tdi hda binh, tu do va edng
hdu ich de giam ngheo ddi, thieu hieu biet ve su bat
edng trong ddi xd, chua cdng bing, dan ap, chien tranh,.,
Oe thyc hien cae dae trUng tren ciia GDCDTC, ddi
hdi cln thUe hien cac mdn hoc rieng trong he thdng
ngoai khda duoc thyc hien vdi sUtham gia ciia cac nha
ddi trong tam cua t i m nhin cung nhU ehdc nang ciia he
thdng GO de phat trien COTC toln dien vdi die trUng
hoc de biet each tuduy, cd y thde xa hdi, cung nhau sdng
than thien va hanh ddng diing din, dim blo dUOc cae
Idng nhan dao, tao ra y thdc xa hdi ve each sdng, hanh
nhiem cho viec thiet lap the gidi va phat tnen ben vdng
Tiep theo, he thdng GD cln khuyen khich ngUOi hoc hieu
ho ddng gdp hudng tdi mdt xa hdi cdng bang dan chii
cac vln de lien quan nhU; Nguyen nhan cua ngheo ddi
v l llm the nao de dau tranh ngan chan ngheo doi
Oe dat tdi cac yeu eau tren, he thong GD hien nay phai thay ddi hudng tdi each tiep can phe phan dua tren ddt thoai, thdng qua sd dung phuang phap phu hap nham thiet lap cac quan he dot thoai v l tham dU, tao ra mdi trudng GD dam b l o dat tdi cic dac trUng cd ban ciia CDTC Vl vay, ngUdi hoc cd the biet v l danh gia dung ban than minh de phan dau trd thanh CDTC hdu ich Nd phat nhl trudng, thiet lap cae quan he dan chii hOn trong cac cupc sdng ciia ho de dang hon khi chap nhan vai trd cd bin ciia minh tham gia vIo cic qua trinh sU pham Dudt day la mdt sd llnh vUc quan trong trong he thdng GD can cai tien de dap dng vdi dac trUng ban chat cita GDCDTC:
Chuang trinh vd cdch td chtfc GD GDCDTC ddi hdi
can thuc hien cic qui trinh GD qua nhieu mdn hoc va
ke GDCDTC nhU mdt mdn hoc ddc lap, ddng thdi tich hap hoac xuyen mdn hoc de thuc day qua trinh hoe tap thdng qua cac chude phu hap vdi xa hdi t o l n cau Trong nhat dan xen nhau trong el cap dd tap the va c l nhan, GDCDTC ddi hdi he thdng GO phai gan chat vdi kinh nghiem dia phuong v l tap trung vao trang bi hieu biet edng ddng lien quan detham du thinh edng vaoxa hgi toln clu
Phuang phdp dgy hge: GDCDTC ddi hdi phdi hap
cle phuong phIp day hoc sau'Tich cuc/ehu ddng hoc de biet va hocde lam va de trd thanh CDTC hdu fch; Tuong tac qua thao luan va tranh luan, Coi trong trli nghiem
xa hdi tap trung vao cac thich thde thuc te cho the he
va niem tin trong khi ung hd tU chii ca nhan; Hop tac lln nhau va theo mang ludi, Sd dung each tiep can tinh cam -xa hdi de eai tien hoc tap ve cic KN cam xuc; Tham
du de tao tieng ndi cho cac ben lien quan khlc nhau, di ddi vdi cdng nhan cac vai trd ciia ho va khuyen khich
ho tham du mdt each phe phln va sang tao Ngudi day
va tat ca cac nhan vat tham gia vao qua trinh GDCDTC phli duoc tao CO hdi de dat tdi va duac tang cUdng cae nang luc can cd de hoan thanh sd mang ciia minh Oao tao ban dIu cho ngudi day ve GDCDTC II mdt trong cac bdi dudng tiep theo eho ngudi day va can bd lanh dao, cua minh
Vai tro va trach nhiim GDCDTC trong he thdng
GD ddi hot mdl trudng dan chii, tham du va md trong day, cac nha quan li, quan ehdc GD, gia dinh va cdng ddng - deu cd the ddng vai trd lanh dao, quan li trong suy nghi, de xult de cai tien va tang mem vui sang tao
He thdng GD ed vai trd quan trong trong xay dung CDTC
v l dich chuyen xa hdi Vdi cac dac trung ve cam ket, phe phln, thue day thay ddi, ngudi day can trd thanh Ngudi hoat ddng sing tao de chuan bi cho tu do, Idn len ciia
Trang 3Bdng I: Khung noi dung tiip cdn tong the cua casdGD/nhd trUdng
Dac trUng cua ccf s^^
GD/nha triicing
n h a n \
cang dong
D a m bao GDCDTC
duoc phan anh t r o n g
tam nhin, sd mang,
gia t n , cac dac trUng
va ke hoach phat
tnen ciia co sd GD/
khuyen khich ngudi
hoc t h a m gia tich
cUc vao qua trinh ra
quyet dinh
Thuc day GDCDTC
qua thUc hien
c h u o n g t r i n h / h e
t h d n g cac m d n
hoc va cac hoat
d d n g GD t h e o cac
giai doan khae
nhau
Khuyen khich ngUdi hoc tham
d u hay chu tri thUc hien
cac du an, cac
chuang trinh hay hoat d d n g ngoai ehuong trinh GDCDTC
Phat trien nhan vien d a m b l o d u nang lUc t h U c h i e n GDCDTC t h d n g qua cac each t i e p can t h a m dU, p h e phan va lap ke hoach d e thuc hien
GDCDTC [kien thdc,
i K N v a t h a i do) d u o c thiet ke p h u h o p ;
t a n g d a n t d t i e u hoc den t r u n g hoc, dai hoc c u n g n h u tai noi lam viec
Phat trien cac each
d e k h u y e n khich
c d n g d d n g dia
p h u o n g t h a m gia
t h u e hien GDCDTC
q u a n
c l n h l n / n g U d i h o c t h e o n h d n g cai t d t c h u n g , NgUdi l a m
t a o ra c l e q u a t r i n h c l n t h i e t c h o t h a y d d i ; NgUdi t a o ra
h o n va cu t h e h a n ciia t a t ca c d n g d d n g GD t r o n g c i c co
sd G D / n h a t r u d n g
Tiip can tong thi g i i i p g i n t h d c h i e n GDCDTC v d i
tat c l cac l l n h vUc hoat d d n g eiia c o sd G D / n h a t r U d n g ,
hoc GDGDCDTC can c u n g c a p m y c t i e u , d d n g cO va g i n
v l gia t r i eo ban t h d n g q u a trai n g h i e m r d n g h a n c h o
ngUdi hoc DUdi d l y I I k h u n g n d i d u n g d e t i e p can t d n g
t h e cd t h e d u o c sd d u n g n h l m k h u y e n k h i c h c h o lap ke
hoach t d n g t h e cua cO s d G D / n h a t r U d n g [ B I n g 1)
Cach t i e p can n l y dUoe t d ehdc t h u c h i e n t d t n h a t
q u a q u a t r i n h "Lap ke h o a c h - T h U c hien - O i n h g i a " v d i
d u a c ket ndt v d i cac uu t i e n eua c o sd G D / n h a t r u d n g d e
thUe hien
4 Ket l u a n
Oe t h u c h i e n t h a n h e d n g GDCDTC, h e t h d n g G D
e u n g n h u co s d G O / n h l t r u d n g can t r d t h a n h n a i t r a o
c u d n g kien t h d c d e xay d u n g t a p t h e m a n h , d i d d i v d i
d a n h gia eao cac KN va k i n h n g h i e m ciia t a t c l c l e nhan
ca n h a n O i e u d d c d n g h i a I I c a n t h a y d o t he t h d n g GD
d e n t a n k h i e a s d G D / n h a t r u d n g v l cae t d c h d c GD hen
q u a n t u n d t r d t h a n h c d n g d d n g hoc t a p v l t h a m dU cua
cac t d c h d c xa h d i He t h d n g G D can t h a y d d i de trd
t h i n h n h u p h l n cua giai p h a p d e k h l c p h u c cae van de
t d n tai h i e n nay va tUOng lai eiia t o a n eau hda
T A I L I I U T H A M K H A O
[1] O x f a m , [2015), Education for global citizenship: A
guide for schools, O x f a m
[2] N g u y e n Tien H u n g , Gido due cong ddn todn cau
Tap e h i Khoa hoc Giao d u e , sd 130, t h a n g 7 n a m 2015, tr.3-5
[3] Unesco, (2015), Global citizenship education:
Topics and learning objectives
[4] Gahero, M., G r e c h , W , & Kalweit, 0 , (2009), Global
Citizenship Education: The school as a foundation for a fair world The Conectando Mundos C o n s o r t i u m
[5], Guo, L., [2014), Preparing Teachers to Educate for
21 St Century Global Citizenship Envisioning and Enacting,
J o u r n a l o f G l o b a l C i t i z e n s h i p s E q u i t y E d u c a t i o n , Volume
4 N u m b e r 1 - 2 0 1 4 j o u r n a l s sfu c a / j g c e e
T H E N A T U R E O F G L O B A L C I T I Z E N S H I P E D U C A T I O N I N E D U C A T I O N S Y S T E M
N g u y e n T i e n Hung
The Vietnam Institute of Educational Sciences
Emaih hunga60@gmail.com Abstract: The purpose of citizenship education is to raise the learner's awareness, social responsibilities and
behaviours, helping them become global citizens who will be able to make their contribution to a global equal safe, tolerant and peacefull society The nature of global citizenship education should be characterized with the foliowings-Protecting human values; Ensuring human rights Ensuring the global and local dependence; Maintaining the diversity and Identities: Ensuring democracy and dialogues; Developing soao-emotionai skills In order to implement citizenship education sueessfully, the education system should be changed so as educational institutions/schools and related educational organizations became learning communities with participation of learners, teachers, families, local authorities and social agencies
Keyw/ords: Global citizen, education system; educational institution/school
1 8 • KHOA HOC GIAO OUC