NGHIEN Clhl LILUAN I BOI DI/0NG NANG LUC NGUTVAN CHO HOC SINH THONG QUA BIEN PHAP XAY DlTNG HE THONG CAU HOI, BAI TAP TRONG DAY HOC DOC HIEU VAN BAN Of TRUfiMG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG TRAN THj HANH PHITON[.]
Trang 1BOI DI/0NG NANG LUC NGUTVAN CHO HOC SINH
THONG QUA BIEN PHAP XAY DlTNG HE THONG CAU HOI, BAI TAP TRONG DAY HOC DOC HIEU VAN BAN Of TRUfiMG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG
TRAN THj HANH PHITONG
Tnijntg Bai hoc Sif pham Hd Npi 2 Email: hanhphuong2(N)9@gmail.com
Tom tdt: Trong nhd trudng pho thong, mon Ngd vdn Id mon hoe nin tdng, la mdt bp phdn quan trong tgo nen trinh
dp van hoa cua con ngudi Viec ndng cao hieu qud cua day hoc Ngu vdn trong nhd trUdng pho thong doi hdi can co mot sUdoi mdl CO bdn vi ndi dung cung nhu phuang phdp dgy hoc nhdm phdt huy vai tro tieh cUc, chu dpng cua hoc smb Xdy dung he thong cdu hoi, bdi tdp, thUe hdnh luyen tap thdng qua day hoc doc hieu vdn bdn vdn hoe Id mdt trong nhdng bien phdp duac gido vien stf dung pho bien nhdm boi dUdng, phdt tnin ndng lue Ngdvan (ndng lUe tiip nhdn vdn hoe) cho hoe smh a nha trudng trung hoc pho thdng
Ttf khda: Ndng lUc Ngir vdn; dgy dge hieu vdn ban; trung hoc pho thong
\hdn bai ngay 02^03/2016 Nhan ket qua phdn bien vd chlnh stfa ngdy 01/04/2017, Duyet ddng ngdy 25/04/2017)
1 Dat van de
Thuc hien Chien luoc Phat tnen Giao due (GD) Viet
Nam, nganh GD&OT da va dang tnen khai doi mdi toan
dien ve muc tieu, ndi dung, ehuang trinh, sach giao khoa
(SGK) trong dd cd doi mdi phuang phap day hoc (PPDH)
tneo hudng phat buy tfnh tfch cue, chu ddng, sang tao,
tang cudng nang !ue ''NL' cho ngudi hoc va cdt ldi la
nhdng NLcan thiet cho hoetap va cudc sdng xa hdi,
Mdn Ngd van ed vi tri quan trong trong viee bdi
dudng tam hdn gdp phln hinh thanh nhan each hoc
sinh !HS), Nang cao hieu qua ciia day hoc Nguvan trong
nha trudng phd thdng ddi hdi cln cd sU doi mdi ca bin
cue, chu ddng cua HS Xay dung he thdng cau hdi, bai
oan Van hoc la mdt trong nhdng bien phap hdu hieu
Van hoc cho HS d nha truang trung hoc phd thdng
2.Ccrscrkhoa hoc
Tam ll hoc hoat ddng 'HDlda khangdinh-Con ngUoi
Tj sinh ra ban than minh bang HO ciia chinh mmh, Noi
each k^ac moi ea nhan bang HO eua minh hinh thanh
-e^ nhan cach va tao ra su pnattnen eiia ban than
HD la mdt qua trinh thuc hien su chuyen hda lan
ni-eu gida hai cue cua chu the va khach the HO khdng
n e_ don thua- la phan ung hoac td hop cae phan Ung
~a HO 13 mdt CO cau cd td chdc, ed chuyen hda va bien
ddng co
Si^a tam li hoc Vjgotxki da chdng minh qua trinh
ninh the'*'" <nai mem khoa hoc cua tre em la ket qua
HO Txh cue cua tre vdi cac ki hieu Odng nhat vai quan
dem "a> A D xte'.ec t'ong ;ac phim Huang aan dao
tao (DT) gido vien (GV) Due da chi ro "Khdng the ban cho hodc truyin dat den bdt ki mpt ngUdi nao sUphdt men vd
su GD Bdt etf ai mong muon duac phdt then vd GD eung phdi phdn ddu bang suHD eua bdn thdn, bdng stfc lUc eua chinh minh Anh ta chi cd the nhdn duac ttf ben ngodi stf ddng thdi la ket qud cua su GD" []] Khi ban den li thuyet
HO trong GD, tac gia Hd Ngoc Oai da khli quat: "Tre em
-HD cua nd = -HDsmh ra nd" [2]
Oac diem hoc tap (HT) ndi bat eiia HS la HT mang tinh nghien edu, ket hop cac kien thdc co ban va ren luyen phat trien nhdng ki nang, ki xao, nhdng NL ehung gdm rat nhieu hanh ddng cu the gan vdi nhdng ddng
CO, mue dich HT cu the, Cac dang HO HT cu the ciia HS
6 trudng trung hoc phd thdng bao gdm chu yeu cac HO tri tue gan vdi tu duy, logic Trong day hoc Ngd van d trudng phd thdng, ddi tuong cua HG hoc chinh la mdt van, cac quan he, quy luat, phuong phap vdi chu the laHS
Tren ca sd khoa hoc ciia li thuyet HO, chung ta nhan thay rang Viec day hoc Ngd van cho HS can chu trong hoe Trudc het can hinh thanh cho HS cac don vi chdc thao tae, hanh ddng va HO hoc Trong dd, HO hoc II HD chii dao, la khau trung tam trong qua trinh phat tnen Trong nhdng gio doc hieu van ban Van hoc, bang nhung bien phap, phuong phap, kT thuat day hoc cu the, GV chi CO the tac ddng, hudng din, dieu chinh, udn nan sU
hd HS phli bang chfnh nhdng HO tu minh doc, linh hdi, tiep thu, phai la mdt ban doc - ddc gia tieh cue ciia chinh
Trang 2nha v a n Viec n a m v d n g t r i t h d c , ren l u y e n va p h i t t r i e n
NL N g d van q u a v a n la n h d n g v a n d e HS p h l i t U l a m lay
ehfnh m i n h
3 Cach t h d c t h U c h i e n
Trong q u i t r i n h d a y hoc, t r e n co sd m u c t i e u ren
luyen NL N g d v a n c h o HS, G V c d t h e lua c h o n n h d n g n d i
p h u h q p v d i t d n g d d i t u o n g HS, Gay c d t h e x e m la m d t
t r o n g n h d n g each n h a n h c h d n g g i i i p HS t d n g bUdc n l n g
cao NL N g d v l n ciia ban t h a n Bai t a p , cau hdi k h d n g
n h d n g la y e u t d d i e u k h i e n q u i t r i n h GD eua GV m l c d n
eua HS, Ndi each k h l c , bai t a p , he t h o n g eau h d i c h i n h I I
c i c n h i e m v u HT, c l e t i n h h u d n g HT cu t h e d e HS t h u c
van d u n g m d t each t h u a n t h u c cac t n t h d c , ki n a n g d a
ed de giai q u y e t cac van d e eiia cudc s d n g hien t a i , B i n g
vtec xay d u n g he t h d n g c l u h d i , bai t a p t h e o cac mUc d d
t d g i a c , e h i l d d n g , d d c lap t h u c h i e n HO HT, lam viec v d i
SGK, v d i tai lieu d 3 t h a i d i e m sau:
3.1 TrUdc gid len idp
+ Nhae n h d viec hoe bai cu N l m kien t h d c , k i n a n g
CO ban eua b l i hoc t r u o c ,
+ Giao bai t a p ve nha c h u a n bi c h o g i d h o c s a u ' D o c
va tra ldi c l u h d i t r o n g SGK; c h u a n bi n h d n g v l n d e c d
lien q u a n d e n bai hoc sap t d i (sUu t a m , t h a m k h I o cac
de t r o n g b l i hoc tdi),
Vi d u - Vdi t i e t doe hieu van b a n "Ddy thdn VJ Da"
(Han ft/lacTd), G V c d t h e dUa h e t h d n g cau h d i , bai tap HS
c h u a n bi t r u d c d n h l
Suu t a m t h e m m d t sd tU lieu ve tac gia, tac p h a m
t i e u bieu ciia Han IVlacTd,
Ooc va t i m hieu t d n g q u a n ve n d i d u n g v a n ban- an
t u o n g ban dau ve van b a n t u eae p h u o n g d i e n ndi d u n g ,
d e tai, ehil de, g i l t n n g h e t h u a t
Tap doc d i ^ n e l m t h e o cam n h a n cua a n h (ehi)
Tra ldi cac cau h d i t h e o h e t h d n g cau hdi h u d n g d a n
hoe bai t r o n g SGK
N h a n d m h ban d I u ve gia t n cua bai t h o
Vi d u 1 - Trude k h i t i e n h a n h t i e t day d o c h i e u v a n
b a n "Hdn Truong Ba da hdng thit" (trich "Hon Truang Ba
da hdng thit"cua Luu Q u a n g Vu),GV yeu cau HS c h u a n bi
m d t s d v a n de sau
Ke t e n n h d n g kich ban van hoe da dUOc hoe h o l e
doc t h e m t r o n g c h u o n g t n n h N g u van t r u n g hoc p h o
t h d n g
N a m d u o c n h d n g dac t r u n g co ban cua t h e loai kich
b i n van hoe
T d m tat d u o c v d kich "Hon Truong Ba da hang thit"
eua Luu Q u a n g Vu
SUU t a m n h d n g t u heu ve tae gia, tac p h a m ( t r a n h
I n h , cac bai gidi t h i e u , d a n h gia ve tae gia, t i e p h a m )
T h d n g q u a viee t r i loi n h u n g cau hdi p h a n h u d n g
d a n hoc bat t r o n g SGK, bude d a u HS n a m d u o c n h d n g
kien t h u c bat hoe
M O I HS t U d a t m d t cau h d i k h i d o c v a n b a n de den
I d p t r a o d d i v d i b a n v l GV,
T d m lai, viec day hoe d o c h i e u v a n b a n Van hoc co
t h a n h c d n g hay k h d n g t h a n h c d n g it n h t e u c d n p h u thuoc
la n h d n g d d lenh, d d n g l e n h yeu cau HS p h a i n g h i e m tuc
d i e u kien t h u I n loi c h o viee t i e n h i n h cac c d n g viec doc hieu t i e p t h e o d n h a t r U d n g t r u n g h o c p h d t h d n g ,
3.2 Trong gidhgc
Gay la t h d i d i e m q u a n t r p n g n h a t va d i e n ra chu
y e u t r o n g s u d t t i e t d a y d n h a t r U d n g p h o t h d n g Bang
h e t h d n g cau h d i , bai t a p , GV t o c h d c , h u d n g d a n va giitp
HS v d a n l m b a t k i e n t h d c , v d a d u o c ren l u y e n nhdng ki
d c i c e m n h d n g NL N g d v l n (NL t i e p n h a n van ban Van hoc) Thuc t e day hoc d a c h i r d NL N g d v a n cht duoc hinh
HT cua HS dUdi sU tae d d n g cua q u i t r i n h ren luyen, day
h o c va GO, N h u v l y , v i e c d u a h e t h d n g eau h d i , bai tap
la m d t t r o n g n h d n g each g i u p HS ren l u y e n , thUc hanh
e m b d i d u d n g v l p h i t t n e n n h d n g NL N g d v a n ben canh
n h u n g NL c h u n g c l n c d eua c d n g d a n m d i t r o n g boi
c I n h xa h d i hda, t o a n cau h d a Khi xay d u n g he thdng
c l u h d i , bai t a p , y e u c l u c l n p h a i thUc hien c h o HS, GV
c h u y n h i e u d e n viec t h i e t ke t h d n g q u a c l e HO tUduy
n h l m p h i t t r i e n NL N g d v a n c h o HS, Khi t d ehdc c h o HS t h i o l u i n n h d m t U o n g dng vdi
n d i d u n g b l i hoc, GV c d t h e dUa ra m d t sd cau hdt, he
t h d n g b l i t a p d e HS d u o c l a m viec va p h a i l a m viec
V i d u 2 : V d i v a n b l n b a i t h a " 0 d y f h d / i WDa"cuaHan
M a e T d
A n h (chi) c d n h a n xet g l ve viec s d d u n g c l u hdi tu
t d e h o ca 3 k h d t h a t r o n g v a n b a n bai t h o ? Cai t d i t r d t i n h t r o n g bai t h o la ai? Tam trang ciia
c h u t h e t r d t i n h d d a y n h u t h e nao? Viet vai ba cau phac hoa so b d bdc c h a n d u n g cua n g u d i vtet bai t h o nay (Tra ldi c h o eau h d i , O d la n g u d i n h u t h e nao?)
An t u o n g cua a n h (chi) sau khi d o e e l u thO: "Soo
anh khong vi chOi thdn VT' (Ldi ciia ai? G i o n g dieu hdi va
y nghTa cua ldi hdi?) Phan t i c h n g h e t h u a t s d d u n g n g d n t d , h i n h anh khi
n d i ve c I n h va n g U d i t h d n VT?
Co y kien c h o r a n g bai t h o la t i e n g I d n g eua nha tha,
la s u hda sac cua c l l a n g m a n , t u o n g t r U n g va sieu thUc
Y k i e n cua a n h (cht) ve d i e u dd?
A n h (ehl) t h i c h n h a t h i n h a n h nao, c l u t h o nao
t r o n g bai t h o ? V"i sao?
Vi d u 3: Ooc h i e u t r i c h d o a n " Hon Truang Ba do hang
thit" (trieh " H d n Truang Ba da hdng tlvt" cua LUu Quang
Vu), GV ed t h e xay d u n g h e t h d n g bai t a p , cau hdi sau
A n h (ehl) hay t d m tat d i e n b i e n ciia t i n h h u d n g kich
t r o n g d o a n t r i c h ( s d d u n g so d o t u d u y ) ? Phan t i c h c u d c d o i t h o a i gida H d n va Xac de the
h i e n rd tai n a n g cua tae gia ( d i e n ta h a n h d d n g , n g d n t i /
n h a n vat)?
Trang 3Y kien ciia anh (chi) ve cau ndi: "/Chdng the ben trong
not ddng, ben ngodi mpt nio duge Toi mudn dugc Id tdi
can ven"ciia hdn Truang Ba?
Clu ndi: "Song nhd vdo do dac, eua edi cua ngUdi
ihdc; dd Id chuyen khdng nen, ddng ndy den edi thdn toi
rung phdi song nhd anh hdng thit Ong ehi nghi dan gidn
d eho toi song, nhUng sdng nhuthe ndo thi dng chdng cdn
3iet.'"eua hdn Truong Ba vdi Oe Thich the hien y thdc sau
;lc eiia dng ve van de gl?
Khi sang tac vd kich nay, LUu Quang Vu mudn gdp
phan phe phan mdt sd bieu hien tleu cUe nao trong ldi
sdng luc bay gid v l c l sau nay?
Viet mot doan van ngln (khoang 400 td) trinh bIy
suy nghi cua ban than ve y nghia triet li duoc dat ra td
Idpkjch
3.3 Sou gio'/en/d^
Oly chi'nh la sU khae biet ca ban ciia day hoc truyen
thdng vdi day hoc ddi mdi Trong truyen thdng, GV chi
eung cap, truyen thu, chi ra cho HS thay nhdng cai hay,
cli dep cua van chuong sau mdi gid gilng van, phan tich
tie pham, HS thu ddng tiep nhan tri thdc mdt elch mIy
nh'n ra, linh hdi, tiep nhan nhdng cli hay, cli dep, cli ddc
dio, khae la ciia van chuong qua tdng tiet hoc ma cdn
giiip HS vln dung, hen he vdi nhdng dieu dien ra ngay td
HS nhdng bai hoc, nhdng kinh nghiem, nhdng ki nang
can thiet trong cudc song hien tai ciing nhu tuang lai
sau gid len Idp, GV cd the kiem soat viec hoe va phan nao
danh gil duoc ket qui HT, qua trinh ren luyen, boi dUdng
va phat trien NL Ngdvan ciia HS Day ed the la mdt edng
doan khi quan trpng trUdc khi ket thuc HG doe hieu van
ban van hoe d trUdng trung hoc phd thdng,
Vdi van ban "Ddy thdn VI Dg" (Han l^ac Td) va van
bin "Hon TrUang Ba da hdng thit" (LUu Quang Vu), GV cd
the dua he thdng cau hdi, bai tap sau gid hoc nhU sau:
Cd y kien cho rang bai tho duoc khoi ngudn cam
hdng td canh va tinh ngudi thdn Vi, Anh (chi) ed ddng y
vdi y kien dd khdng? Vi sao?
Bai tha"Ody than ViDa" ed niem khit khao, rao rue
nhdng ciing an dIu trong dd ndi hoai nghi Theo anh
tam hdn tha thiet vdi eude ddi?Tai sao?
Thd chuyen the bai tha sang mot hinh thde nghe thuat khae? (nglm tha, hit)
SU mau thuan gida Hon va Xae trong trfch doan
vd kjch phln Inh mdt thUe te, mdt tinh trang nlo cd d khdng it ngudi trong x l hdi ta luc bay gid? Y kien eua anh (ehi) ve dieu dd
Anh (ehl) thu duoe nhdng kinh nghiem song, tri thdc song nao sau bai hoc nay? Hay viet mdt bai thu hoach neng ciia anh (chi) ve dieu dd
Viet mdt bli binh luin ve van de sau: Cude sdng that dang quy nhung khdng phli sdng the nao eung
duoc Hanh phuc chan chinh ciia eon ngUdi la dUOe sdng
dung vdi minh va moi ngudl
4 Ket luan
Muc dich cudi eung cua qua trinh day hoe la giup ngUdi hoe ed khi nang tiep cln nhdng tn thdc mdi, cd nhdng NL cdt idi, NL dac thu v l cd the tham gia mdt elch ehil ddng, tich cUc vao ddi sdng thUe tien Chuong trinh hieu van bin la mdt trong nhdng nhiem vu quan trong Day Ngd van d nha trUdng trung hoc phd thdng II day cho HS NL doe, ki nang doc de HS cd the doc hieu bat cd van ban nao cung the loai Td viee tiep xuc vdi van bin, nhan cac gia tn van hoc, hinh thanh each doc neng cd ca tinh - Oay cd the xem la mdt trong nhdng con dudng de ddng eiia ngUdi hoe, tich cUc hda HG HT ciia HS,
TAI U£U THAM KHAO
[1], Kharlamop IF, (1970), Phdt huy tinh tieh eUe hoc tdp cua hoc sinh nhuthe ndo, NXB Giao due
[2], Hd Ngoc Oai, (1985), Bdi hoc/dgi,?, NXB Gilo due
Tdm lihoc, NXB Giao due
[4], A N Lednehiep, (1989), Hoat ddng -Y thtfc - Nhdn cdch, NXB Giao due (Pham IVlinh Hae Pham Hoang Gia
-Pham Huy Chau dich),
[5] Go Ngoc Thdng, (2011), Chuang trinh Ngtf vdn trong nhd trudng pho thdng Viet Nam, NXB Gilo, Ha Ndi
TRAINING OF PHILOLOGICAL COMPETENCE FOR STUDENTS BY DEVELOPING QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES
IN TEACHING OF TEXT READING COMPREHENSION AT UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Tran Thi Hanh Phuong
Hanoi Pedagogical University 2 Emaihhanhphuong2009@gmail.com Abstract: Philology is a basic subject taught at the school and is also an important component of human cultural
background To enhance the effectiveness of Philology teaching at the school, it is necessary to renovate basically its contents and teaching methodology aiming at developing student activeness Compiling questions, exercises and practising by literal text reading are one of the popular methods applied by teachers for the purpose of training and developing philological competence (literature receiving competence) tor upper secondary students
Keywords: Philological competence; Teaching of text reading; upper secondary school