ffl N G H I E N C D U U U I A N B O N CAP BO TUDNG TAG GlffA NGU0I HOC NGlTfill HOC TRONG TO CHllfC DAY HOC 6 DAI HOC TA QUANG TUlM Truang Biio tao, Btfl dUSm eta I f , c6ng chflc B| N(l q Email tuanr[.]
Trang 1B O N CAP BO TUDNG TAG GlffA NGU0I HOC - NGlTfill HOC TRONG TO CHllfC DAY HOC 6 DAI HOC
TA QUANG TUlM
Truang Biio tao, Btfl dUSm eta I f , c6ng chflc - B| N(l q
Email: tuanr*$eiRlM*ieralioe.nm.n
Tdm tit Xu hudng phdt trien eua xd hdi hifn dai ddi hdi ddi ngu hgc viin dgi hge sau khi tdt nghifp khdng chl ti
ndng luc nghi nghifp md cdn phdi ed ndng Itfc ttiieh tfng Viic td chdc dgy hgc dtfa vdo tUdng tde ngUdi hgc • ngudi hgcd dgi hgc giup ngUdi hge ehu ddng, tich ctfc, chia si trao dSi, hge tdp Idn nhau vd tuang tde trong nhiiu vai trd khdc nhau Bdi viit ndy di cdp vi bdn chdt eua dgy hoc dtfa vdo tuang tde ngui^ hgc - ngUdi hgc; phdn tieh tdng thi bdn cdp df tutmg tdc gitfa ngUdi hgc vdi nhau tiong hoc tdp ddgi hoc ldm cO sd di hlnh thdnh cdc cdp di nhdn thdc khdc nhau eung rim cde kindng vd thdi dd tuang dng tiong hgc tip Trong xu hudng ddo tgo theo tfn chiphS biin ddgi hge hlfn nay vifc
dp dung b6n edp dg tuang tde giup ngUdi dgy thiit kiduge cdc muc tiiu hge tdp theo tin chl, ddng thiri thiit fclcdchog;; ding hoc tfp cua ngudr hpc nhdm kiim sodt vd ddnh gid ndng Itfc hge tdp ddc ldp vd phdl hgp cda ngUdI hge trong mdl truimg hge tdp khdc nhau
Tdkhia: Td ehtfc day hoc dgi hgc qud tiinh tuang tdc
(Nhdnbdingdy01/ll/2016:Nhdnkitqudphdnbifnvdchtnhstfangdy20/12/2016;Duyftddng ngdy 25/02/2017)
1.0ft v i n d l
Xu hudng phit triln eiia x i hdi hifn dgi ddi hdi
sinh vi^n dgi hpc (OH) sau khi tdt nghifp v i bude v i o thj
m l edn phii ed NL thich flng trudc sy phit triln cCia x i
hfi nhu NL xfl II thdng tin, td chflc v i quin If, giao tilp
v i difu phdi eic mdi quan hf cua con ngudi, xfl II khflng
hoing, huln luyfn d f i ngu trong td ehfle, hpc t | p (HT)
vdt bit kl hpc vl^n nio
Nft dung dgy hpc (DH) dDH ed nhiing n^t khic bift
so vdi Ijic hpc khic, bao gdm hf thdng tri thfle co b i n ,
CO sd, chuyfn nginh v i tri thfle edng cu phyc vu cho vifc
ning (KN), kl xio v l nghi nghifp tucmg lai cung nhU KN
kinh nghifm hogt dfng (HD) sing tgo; hf thdng nhflng
quy phgm v l thii dd xiic cim ddi vdi tU nhifn, x i hfi,
trinh tuong tic (TT) gifla HD cua ngudi dgy v i ngudi hpe;
i i q u i tilnh td chflc nhin thfle cd tinh chit nghifn cflu v i
cd nhflng nft dfc d i o efla ngudi hpe Oilu niy cd nghTa
thfle thdng thudng m i edn t i l n hinh HO mang tinh chit
nghiin cUu Sinh vien phii tilp thu mdt eich sing tao,
CO b i n cfla nghi nghifp tuong lai Vi t h i , HD nghifn cflu
khoa hpc l i b f phin hflu co vdi q u i trinh niy
Thyc tifn td chflc DH d DH tgi Vift Nam cho thiy,
vifc hlnh thinh NL cho sinh vi§n ehu y l u dya v i o q u i
trinh tmyln dgt m f t chtlu, tryc t i l p tfl ngudi day d i n
ngudi hpe m i chua tnj trpng dfn HDTT cua ngudi hpc
Thyc ufn niy bj Inh hudng bdi DH tmyfn thdng, trong
trO Clia ngudi thiy Mdi quan hf trd - trd chua ducje chfl
78 •KHU HOC GlAo l^tC
y nghifn cflu siu v i v f n dyng v i o thyc tifn DH dya vio tuong t i c ngudi hpc - ngUdi hpc (DHDVTT NH-NH) dDH ddi, HT l l n nhau v i TT trong nhilu vai trd khie nhau Do
t h i l t khie dupe phit t r i l n
DH DVTT NH-NH dUpe t i f p cfn co b i n dya trin xl
hdi hpc Vi viy,TT nguiA hpc - ngudi hpc chju sy ehi phfii
cfla eic dfc trflng m i TT x i hdi dUa d i n trong qui trlnh
HT v i phit t r i l n NL Trong b i i v i l t niy, chflng tdl muf n gidi thifu v l b i n chit efla DHDVTT NH-NH; phin tkh tdng t h i bdn d p ddTT giiia ngudi hpc - ngfldi hpc trong khic nhau cung nhu cie KN v i t h i i dd tuong flng trong
H\ Diy l i nhfltig co sd quan trpng d l tgo ra nhOtig djnh
hudng td chflc DHDVTT NH-NH dOH
2 B i n c h i t cCia day hpc dya v i o tUcfng t i c ngilM hpc - ngudi hpc 6 dai hoc
DHDVTT NH-NIH l i " q u i trinh thye hifn d c T T c i chflc ning DH n h i m kfch thfch, niy sinh v i dilu chlnh cie tuong t i c cd chflc ning MT giiia ngudi hpe vdi nhau theo myc tifu DH d l ra DHOVR NH-NH l i eleh tilp eln td chflc DH, t f p trung v i o vife phit huy d c TT glfft ngudi hpc vdi nhau n h i m dat dupc myc tifu DH d l ra Trong eich t i l p c i n niy, ngUdi dgy phii td chflc cic
HD DH nhim l i m niy sinh TT giOa ngudi hpe, phit triln, DHDVTT NH-NH, ngudi dgy khdng chl t i c dOng tiflc tilp
d i n el nhin ngudi hpc m i edn t i c ddng v i o mdl tiUdng
TT (MTTT) gifla ngudi hpc - ngfldi hpc nhim niy sinhTT gifla hp, ddng thdi tilp tue t i c ddng v i difu khiln dcTT
dd nhim dgt dupe myc t i f u DH di ra DHDVTT NH-NH
cd eic die trung eo b i n sau:
- Li DH t i p trung v i o q u i trinh kich thich v l dHu chlnh d e t i e ddng qua lgi gifla d e chfl t h i ngfldi hpc
Trang 2iA nhau
- L i DH t i p trung v i o q u i trinh
iS chflc chia sf v l t h i o l u i n gifla d c
hu t h i nguiA hpe vdi nhau
- L i DH TT phat trien, trong dd
)H tao ra d c tinh hudng l i m niy
ihu hop vdi mflc dd n h i n thfle d
ygc din viA "vung p h i t t r i l n gan"
trong nhin thfle va tao n^n ddng
l\K cua q u i trinh p h i t t r i l n nhin
Ihflc
- L i DH phit huy tdi da d c TT
cd chflc ning HT v i hudng d i n d c
TT cd tinh ddng d i n g giu:a d c chu
t h i ngudi hpc vdi nhau
- Li DH hudng d i n phit trien
NLtoin difn cho ngUdi hpc d l budc
vio lao ddng nghf nghifp, l i DH
thda m i n d c muc tilu cd tinh chit
tieh hpp phit t r i l n NL cfla ngflW
hpc
- Li DH phit ^ I n v i khdng
gidi hgn cie myc tifu HT sing tgo
N ^ dung, phucmg phip hinh thfle,
phuang t i f n DH l i da dang v l
khuyin khfch sy chu ddng, tfeh cUc
td chflc HD HT v i t y nghiin cflu cua
ngudi hpc
- L i DH cd mye tilu HT md, linh
hogt v i phil hpp vdi vifc c i t h i hda q u i tiinh HT cfla
ngudi hpc dOH
3 Bdn c i p dd ttfcmg t i c gi&a ngudi hpc - ngfldi
hpc trong hpc t f p fr dai hpc
Trfn CO sd t i m li hpc x i hdi hpe cua DHOVTT
NH-NH; CO sd ii iufn DH DH; p h i n tfch v f MTTT v i die bift
xem xft TT ngUdi hpc - ngUdi hpe trong quan h i vdi
ngudi dgy trong DH, chflng tdi d l xuit bdn d p dd TT
cOa ngudi hpc - ngudi hpc trong td chflc DH (Hlnh 1) Md
trong DH, tflTT cd tfnh chflc ning day d i n TT ed chflc
hpc vdi nhau v i vdi ngudi day Oiy l i md hlnh tdng t h i
Theo dd, td chflc DHDVTT NH-NH phii hudng v i o phit
TTtruc tiep v j /f thupc
TT tr\K liep »ii phv ihupc lan nhau:
TTgian tiep: ^
TT tinmg thupc ^ Hinh 1: Md hlnh dinh hudng td ehde DHDVTT NH-NH dDH
t h i k h i c X^t d gde dd nhin thde ngudi hpc ehua du k h i ning tU nhin thfle ehua t h i nhln thfle dung, du eic n f i phUOTig t i l n HT ngudi hoc khic v i tfl ngudi dgy cung dp Trong mflc ddTT niy, ngudi hpc khdng dfl vdn kifn thfle d i t y nhfn thfle v i d i p Igi (phin hdi lai) cic phflong tifn thdng tin v i d c ehu the khie trong HT Ndi d c h kiiie, nguiri hpc cd mfle dp ehii ddng I I t h i p nhft trong thdc cua b i n t h i n
Trong Hinh 1, tam giie (Al, B1,C1) mifu t l mfledd
TT If thupe tich cflc vdi mdi quan h f tucmg flng eua chfl
HT MUc dd TT If thudc nhim giup cho ngUdi hpc nhan bilt, nhd tn thfle va thdng tin trong ndi dung HT eung nhu phucmg phap tilp d n tuong flng
O l td chflc tdt DHDVTT NH-NH d mUc dd niy, ngfldi ting d i n tif mflc dd Lf thudc - Phy thufc l i n nhau - Ope dgy khdng chi t i c ddng d i n d nhln ngudi hpe m i cdn tii trong ra ngoii, t i n g d i n theo mflc dd chfl ddng TT l i m niy sinh TT cd ti'nh if thupe tich cue giiia ngudi hpc ngudi hpc - ngudi hpe trong DH Ngupe lat, ngUfri day se vdi nhau v i vdi n g u ^ dgy Ngoii ra d c chfl t h f ngudi ngudi hpc Oiy l i bdn c i p d f T T gifla ngudi hpc vdi nhau bift l i t i i lifu v i phucmg tifn HT vdi miy tinh, mgng trong DH Chflng tdi xin md t l sfl v i n ddng dd theo cic Internet phin mfn cdng nghf HT) Cin v i n dung mflc mfledd nhu sau: ddTT niy trong td chflc DHDVTT NH-NH khi ngudi hoc
3.1 Mdt M tuang tdc li thuic b i t d l u nhln thfle mdt dem vj tri thfle mdi ed trong b i i
Mfle dd TT if thupc cua ngudi hpc l i mflc dd TT hpc
t h i p nhit v i cd cudng dd y l u nhit cua chfl t h i ngudi Trong thue t i l n td chflc DH, do tinh da dgng eua
bi chi phdi bdi d c tic ddng mdt chilu tfl phfa d e ciifl trong Idp hpc l i khic nhau Vi vgy, tnidc khi b i i hpc b i t
Trang 30 3 NBHitNCOniULU^ • ^ J
dlu, ngudi dgy d n nhan difn v i phin ioai NL nhin thfle
v f ridi dung HT d mdi el till ngudi hoc Trfn CO sd dd,
ngudi dgy td chflc TT If thudc eua ngudi hpc theo cie
thudc tich eye v i o t l i lifu v i phucmg tifn thdng tin d i n
Vifc td chflc OH dya vio TT If thudc tieh cyc theo quy
phucmg tifn thdng tin; (2) Ngudi hpc If thudc v i o cie
thinh vien khic trong nhdm HT; (3) Ci nhin ngUdi hpc
If thupc v i o ngudi day Vi vgy, ngUdi dgy d n thift k l ndi
dung HT thdng qua eie nhifm vy v i tinh hudng HT ed
tfnh vtfa sfle ddi vdi nguifi hpc va theo d c d p dd d i xic
djnh
Kit thuc mflc dd TT If thude mdi d nhin ngUfri
hpc d f u nhln thfle d mflc d f t h i p (chu y l u l i nhin bift
theo d c h chfl quan eua mlnh Vifc bilu dgt kiln thfle
niy d mdi c l nhin ngUdI hpc dudi eie hlnh thfle thdng
tin v i bilu tupng trong tif nhd l i khic nhau Vi viy, Iflc
kiln thfle m i hp thu dupe so vdi tri thfle tfl ndi dung b i i
nhau gifla nguiri hpc v i cic chu t h i khic trong HT Lfle
niy, TT phy thufc lln nhau b i t d l u xuit hifn
3.2 Mdc df> tuang tic phg thu^c lin nhau
Nlu nhu mflc dd TT If thude phin Inh quan hf If
thudc tfch eye ctia ngudi hpe vdi d c chii t h i khic v i
nhau phin i n h quan h f phy thudc tich eye lln nhau
gifla d c chfl t h i ngudi hpc v i vdi ngudi day Trong trgng
nhd m f t d c h trpn v?n, chfnh xic d e tii thfle cd trong
n f i dung bll hpc Oilu niy thfle diy sy chia s l d c kiln
duoc tfl n f i dung bii hpc) v l d c ngudn thdng tin khic
eho nhau gifla ngudi hpc Qui tilnh niy nhim giup
ngudi hpc nhjn bilt v i nhd tri thfle b i i hpc trpn v^n,
chinh xic v i thdng nhit trong bilu dat v l thdng tin ciia
tri thfle niy
Trong Hlnh 1, tam giic (A2, B2, C2) mifu t i mflc d f
TT phy thude lln nhau vdi mdi quan hf tutmg Ung eua
dfch cfla d p dd TT niy trong td chflc OHDVTT NH - NH
nhim giflp moi c l nhin ngudi hpc nhln biet v i nhd
chfnh x i c khieh quan, tipn v?n v l tri thfle thfle ed trong
ndi dung bii hpc Tuy nhifn, b i n t h i n nguiri hpe khdng
t h i ty dgt dupe dilu niy m i d n cd sugiup dd, hd trp l i n
nhau t d d e bgn hpe khic v i ngudi day Oly l i qui trtnh
giup ngudi hpc t i p hpp thdng tin diy du, nhln bilt nhd
chfnh xle tri thfle cd trong bli hpc
Di td chflc tdt DHDVn NH-NH vdi mflc dd niy
ngudi dgy d n tic dfng v i o mdi quan hf lifn d nhlii'
v i o mdi tn/dng lifn c l nhln gifla ngudi hoc vdi nhau
thdng tin qua Igi Ngudi dgy d n thilt k l cic nhifm vu
HT cd tfnh vfla sfle sao cho ngudi hoc d n phii hop tie
vdt nhau thi mdi ed t h i giii quyft dupe d c nhifm vu
nhln difn v i nhd tn thfle b i i hpc Mit khie do cd sy
7 S KHOA HQC GlAo DMC
n h l n difn, nhd, d i l n dgt k i l n thfle dfldi d c hlnh thifc thdng tin cfla mdi d n h i n ngudi hpc trong nhf ntiiiklt khic nhau Vl viy, ngudi dgy c i n cd vai trd l i trpng t i l d j thdng nhit b i l u dgt k i l n thflc cfla ngfldi hpc mft dch
b l i hpc Cic chu t h f ngudi hpc cd vai trd cua "Ngudi h ^
t i e " (Co-operator), hpp t i e d l hai b f n cflng dgt din miJt thfle cd trong ndi dung b i i hpc Q u i trinh phy thufc Un
nhau giua d c chu t h i nguiA hpc l i q u i trinh tich liiy din
(nhd) cie thdng tin v l tri thfle d l l i m cd sd giup nguM hpc t y nh|n thfle, tgo ra tri thfle cho b i n thin Qui tilnh niy chuin bj dfla hp dat d i n mdt trgng t h i i ehu dfng hoin t o i n trong g i i i quylt nhifm vy HT, chflng tdl ggi trgng t h i i niy l i "TT ddc l$p"
3.3 Mde M tuang tic a^l^ip
Mflc ddTT ddc Ifp l i mflt dd chfl t h i ngUdi hQc chtj ddng hoin t o i n trong TT, n h i m t h y t hifn cic nhifm
vy HT m i khdng d n cd b i t ki sy hd tn? nio tfl phia ck chfl t h i khic v i mdi trudng b f n ngoii Qui trlnh TT niy cdn dype xem nhu q u i trinh "Giao t i l p bfn trong* (Intrapersonal Communication) hoic "Ndi tuong tic*
(Intrapersonal Interaction); l i q u i trinh "Sifu giao tifp"
TT dfc Ifp l i h f q u i t i t y l u m i mflc dd 'phy thufc lln
v i nhd diy dfl tri thfle ed trong ndi dung b i i hpe (hay II thdng tin v l til thfle) d l t i f p tye g l i i quylt nhifm vi^ HT
d i t ra NhCmg thdng tin niy d i dupc thdng nhit dufl phy thudc l i n nhau v i dupe luu gid (nhd) trong tri nhd cfla ngudl hpc b i n g d e b i l u tupng mdi TT trong mi^c
I I nd dupe d i l n ra trong "MTTT g i i n tilp qua d c bilu cic TT gifla hai h f thdng cic b i l u tupng d i cd trong trf trong mflc dd TT trudc dd M$c du q u i trinh niy c6 hlrtfj thfle HO cfla e l n h i n nhung trong dd v i n diln ra dcTT liln d nhin mdt d e h dfc bift TT niy ed tlnh giin tilp qua eic b i l u tupng cfla tri nhd Chfnh suTT ciia hai h$
l i kiln thfle l i sin p h i m nhfn thfle cfla d nhin ngu« Nhu viy, 'nguyin lifu d i u v i o " cua q u i trinh TT dfc Ijp
l i thdng tin cd tfnh tn?n vpn, phin i n h tri thfle bii hgc
Kit thfle q u i trinh TT niy, mdi c i nhin ngUdI hpc hlnh thinh NL''hilu, i p dyng, p h i n tfch, d i n h gti, sing t?o'
v l tri thfle b l i hpc t h e o ' l i n g kfnh nhin thfle chii quan" eua mlnh Ngudi hpc cd t h f dupc nhln nhfn trong hlnh thfle HD HT c l nhin nhung ndi dung HO b i n trong 1^ mang tfnh TT x i hdL
Trong Hlnh 1, mdi quan h f gifla d c chfl t h i trong mflc dd TT dde Ifp dflpc t h i hifn trong tam giic thfl 3 (A3, B3, C3) Myc dieh cfla d p dd TT niy trong td chiJK trong ldp nhfn thfle mdt d c h ddc Ifp v i Wnh thinh tri thfle b i i hpc theo l i n g kfnh chfl quan cfla b i n thin
0 1 td chflc tdt DHDVTT NH-NH vdi mflc d f niy, ngudi dgy d n t i c ddng v i o mdl trudng HT d l tgo ra
^rm
Trang 4cic d i l u kifn tuong flng hudng cho d c chu t h i ngudi
hinh thfle KT c i nhin) Ngudi dgy d n t h i l t k i cie nhifm
vy HT cd tinh vfla sflt vdi tflng trinh dd v l NL cua tflng
nhdm HT khae nhau Phin cdng nhiem vu vfla sfle di
tgo ra kiln thflt cho neng minh Ngudi day ed vai trd la
nguiri kiln tao nniH trudng l l m vifc ddc lap ddi vdi nguiri
hpc Kit thfle mflt do n i y nguiri hoc dgt dupe NL ddc l i p
minh VI viy, ket thfle TT dpe lip, cac d nhin ngfldi hpe
v i nhdm HT n i y sinh nhu d u l i m khich quan hoa kiln
x i c tipn ven efla k i l n thfle efla minh Trgng t h i i niy lam
TT tuongthudc
3A Mdi M tuang tie tdong thuic
Tuong thudc (Interdependence) i l ddng lyc cua su
chju tiich nhiem va phy thudc l i n nhau gifla ngudi niy
TT sifu ddc lap v l lifn phu thudc (Inter - dependerKe),
trong dd dilu kifn d n l i mdi chu t h i p h l i cd la khi ning
ddc l|p hlnh ddng n h l n thfle v i giii quyet nhifm vy HT
Vupt t r i n trang t h i i ddc lip, chu t h i trong trgng t h i i
giao nhCmg kiln thfle mdi efla d n h i n da dgt dupe eho
nhau, l i m chuin hda v i khich quan hda kiln thfle dya
trfn myc tifu tri thfle d f t ra Tucmg l>iudc hudng d f n g i l i
phip thfl3 tdi Uu so vdi cic g i i i phip nhgn thfle gifla d e
tinh t$p t h i
Trong Hlnh 1, mdi quan h f giiia d e chfl t h i trong
mflc dd TT tucmg thude dupc t h i hi^n tiong tam giic
thfl 4 (A4,84, C4) Trong md hlnh niy, ngfldi hpc khdng
cdn phy thudc l l n nhau niia m l ed vj tri TT blnh d i n g
gifla cie chfl till ngudi hpc v i vdi ngudi day Nguiri hpe
rifng mlnh cung nhu d e quan d i l m riing v l giii quylt
nhifm vy HT Ngudi day trd thinh t i c nhln tiong TT
hpcTrong trgng t h i i niy thudng dien ra d c T T d i l u h o i ,
HT tucmg flng
TT d i l u h o i l i d p dd TT d i u tien eua mfle dd TT
tuong thudc Myc dfch efla TT d i l u hda tgo n i n su chia
sf, bd sung kiln thfle gifla ngudi hpe vdi nhau d l mpi
thinh viln trong nhdm HT cd dupe kiln thfle v l b i i hpc
tumig duong nhau Vi viy, TT niy dupe t i l n hinh phd
biln thdng qua phucmg thfle DH ddng ding DH ddng
ding l i phuang thfle HT bing d c h day ngUiri k h i c
hon trd thinh ngucri day tiln liinh DH cho cic ban khic
nhim chia sf va bd sung kiln thfle eho nhau trong HT
Kit thuc TT d i l u h o i , mdi c i nhln nguiri hpe cd t h i nhin
thfle siu, rfng v i trpn ven tri thfle bai hpc so viA mfle dd
TT ddc Ifp trudc do Oiy I I co s d d i d nhln nguiri hpc so
sinh, d i n h g i i k i l n thfle eua mlnh vdi kifn thfle cua cie
thinh vifn khac v i nhdm HT khie ddng thdi niy sinh
tdi uu hon d l g i i i quylt nhifm vu HT Trong trang t h i i
niy, TT t y tri xuit hien
TT t u tri (Autonomous interaction) l i TT ddc l i p (independent Interacticm) nhung d mflc cao, mang tfnh tii p h i n tich, d i n h gia v i sing tao tri thfle mdi hem so vdi
y f u d u muc tifu nhin thfle efla b i i hpc Di cd t h i TT t y
tgo ra tri thfle d nhin Tri thfle nay cung vdi ngudn tri thfle khac nhau tfl qua trinh DH ddng d i n g dua den trd thfle q u i trinh niy, mdi e i nhln nguiri hpc ed t h i tgo ra nhiing tri thfle md^, phin I n h g i i i p h i p thfl 3 tdi uu d l
sf sdhiiu hai ioai'tri thfle" dudi ling kinh chfl quan: Tri thfle chung d i dupc chia sf va dupe chap n h i n cfla t o i n trang t h i i niy, nguiri hpc xuat hifn nhu d u t h i m dinh nhdm dang sd hflu Khi dd, TT cdng t i c trong nhdm, giiia
d c nhdm v i irong toin Idp se xuit hifn
TT edng t i e la TT gifla d c chfl t h i nguiri hpc v i vdi nguiri dgy dya tr^n eo sd cung nhau p h i n tfch, d i n h g i i ,
v i cung tim ra tri thfle sing tgo cd tinh t i p the trfn Idp mdt d e h tfch cue gifla d e chu t h i Trong DH, TT cfng
TT lifn nhdm cung vdi vai trd cdng t i c v i trpng t i i cfla thfle diy dfl d c myc tifu HT dat ra; ddng thiri tgo ra tri thfle sing tao cd tinh t i p t h i t r f n d c muc tifu HT dd
Di td chflt tdt DHDVn NH-NH d c i p dd TT tUOng
thudc ngudi dgy nen djnh hudng d c mye t i l u sing tgo cho ngudi hpc v l tao dyng mdi truimg d l tao nfn sy tucmg thufc gifla nguiri hpc vdi nhau Mudn vgy, ngUdI day c i n phli t h i l t k l bli hpc thinh ele nhilm vu HT nhu
y l u d u nguiri hpc tao ra d c h thfle vfn dyng sing tgo
v l d l xuit mdi d e dfl lieu, khii nifm, quy trinh v i cic
l i p luin, phucmg phip t u duy mdi.~ Bfn cgnh dd, d c kit d c thinh vifn tiong nhdm, gifla d c nhdm trong Idp sao cho gifla d c yeu td niy ed sfl phu thude l i n nhau mdt elch tich eye g i n chit trich nhifm cua c i nhin v i Nguiri day trong trgng t h i i niy cd vai trd nhU l i tic nhin,
t i i ve tri thfle ddi vdi ngudi hpc v i nhdm HT NgUdi hpc
l i nguiri cdng tie tri thfle d l vfla dupc cdng nhin tri thfle
sing tao cfla d nhln vtfa cdng nliin trt thfle sing tgo
eua t i p t h i , cfla nhdm
Trfn diy l i bdn d p dd TT trong DHDVTT NH-NH Xuyfn sudt d c d p dd nay trong HT, ngoii HD d i n h g i i
cua ngucri dgy ddi v& nguiri hpc cdn dien ra HD d i n h
g i i ddng d i n g (Peer Assessement) Diy l i HD dinh g i i lln nhau giua nguiri hpc vdi nhau trong nhdm; gifla d e nhdm vdi nhau ticmg toin idp_ Dinh g i i niy gdp phin lim tfch eye v i d i n chu hda mdi trudng HT Vi viy, nd
d n dupc duy tri trong td chflc DHDVTT NH-NH Bdn d p
dd niy l i CO sd v i djnh hudng d c HO trong DHOVTT
Trang 5NH-NH dDH
4 K i t l u i n
Bdn d p do TT giiia nguiri hoc trong DH i i cd sd
quan tiong d l td chflc DHDVTT NH-NH dDH.Tnidc h i t
bdn d p dd niy l i cO sd de phat t r i l n cic NL nhln thfle
cd tinh chat If thude den phy thudc l i n nhau den ddc
lap v i tucmg thudc Bdn mflc dp TT niy cung la co sd d l
hlnh thinh nfn i<N nhln tiifle KN tU duy logic v l phdi
h ^ ; hinh thinh nen cie KN xa hdi d n b i n cung vdi h f
thdng cie chuan myc t h i i dp trong mdl trUdng HT cho
ngudi hoc
Bdn d p dp TT lam co sd de hinh thinh mdt quy
tiinh td chflc DHDVTT NH-NH d OH nhim phat trien tdi
tdi flu hifu q u i va chat Iflpng khi m i chung ta thyc theo
ttch eye - Ode l i p - Tuong thudc Bdn bUdc nay s l giup
ngudl hoe phit triln nhin thfle theo dung logic nhin
thfle trong HT
Bdn d p ddTT l i CO sd d l hlnh thinh v l td chflc d c
nhdm HT hifu q u i trong DH dDH Oly l i eo sd di ngUiri
dgy nhin difn NL nhin thfle cua mdi thinh vifn ngUiri
hpe trong nhdm d l phin vai trong nhdm HT mdt eich
phu hop; tuy thufc v i o ndi dung OH v i NL efla mdi c i
t h i ngudi hpc m i hlnh thinh nen d c T T trong HY theo
d l dat dupc myc tifu DH d l ra B^n cgnh dd, bdn d p
d f niy s§ l i CO sd de tao dyng mdi trUimg lim vifc cua
nhdm HT tUong flng Nd giup tgo ra nhflng cd k i t ehit
khic nhau; tao ra sfl phy thude iin nhau tich cyc trong
v l gifla eie nhdm HT, hlnh thinh quy tie l l m vifc nhdm,
cfla t o i n nhdm
Bdn d p ddTT II CO sd quan trpng d l xiy dung cdng
ey dinh g i i HT trong td chflc DHDVTT NH-NH d DH
k i t q u i HT eua ngUdi hpc I I d n thiet Mft khic, nd cung
niy l i CO sd d l giflp dinh g i i k i t q u i HT cfla ngudi hpc
khdng chl dya tren dya t r f n k i t q u i HT cfla d c nhln n mdt thiri d i l m m l cdn l i d q u i trinh t i l n bd tiong HT
Bdn d p dp TT I I CO sd quan trpng 64 hlnh thir
n f n chiln lupc sfldyng d e phucmg phip DH dOH tuor
de t i n g cUimg cho cAc mflc dd TT ngudi hpc - ngudi h^ diia trfn d c d i e d i l m n h i n thfle gifla cic chfl t h i ngu)
hgct\h\j:{1)CCingtiinhdd;(2)Khdctrinhddvhvdiyiud
g i i i quylt cie nhifm vy HT nhu: (1) COng nhifm vg; (
Khdc nhifm vg Trfn cO sd niy, cd sy lya ehpn d c phuon
phip DH Uu t h i di a n g cuimg TT gifla ngUdt hpc vi
nhau trong DH dDH
Vifc vfn dung h i f u q u i bdn d p dd TT trong DH
OH tuy thudc v i o chuyfn nginh, mdn hpc v i vio dt tuong ngudi hpe cung nhu mdi trUimg HT khie nhai Trcing xu hUdng d i o tgo theo tin eh! phd biln dDH hij thdng qua bdn d p dd, nguiri day t h i l t k l d c myc ti«
HT theo tfn chl, ddng thiri t h i l t k l cic HG HT cua ngUi hpc theo bdn d p dp nhin thfle v i TT tflcmg flng M
c i p dd TT l i ca sd giup ngfliri dgy kilm soft v l din
trong MTTT m f t ddi m f t m i edn trong MTTT qua mgn Internet
Cic CO sd n l u trfn bUde d l u tgo ra nhflng djn hudng d l td chflc t h i n h edng DHDVTT NH-NH d 01 Trong d c nghifn cflu t i f p theo, chflng tdi sf tilp ti, chia s l ehi t i f t d e h thdc vfn dung cy t h i d e d p df 1 flu t h i k h i c
TAILIEUTHAMKHAO
(1] Mieheal G More, (1994), ^ufofiomy m
Interdependence, The American Journal of Distant
Education, Volume 8, Number 2
[2].Tg Quang Tuin (chfl bifn), (2016), T6chikd{
hge dtfa vdo tucmg tde ngudi hgc - ngudi hgc d dgi hi}
NXB Giio dyc Vlft Nam
FOUR-LEVEL INTERACTION BETWEEN LEARNER AND LEARNER IN ORGANIZING TEACHING AT UNIVERSITIES
Ta Quang Tui
School of Staff Development Training - Ministry of Home Affni
Emalh tuanresearchedu»yahoo.com.\
Abstract: Development trend of modern soaety requires graduate persons with professional and adapt! competencies The organization of learner-teacher Interactive teaching at universities help students be active, poslth share, exchange, learn from each other and interact in different rotes This article refers to the nature of learner - learr Interactive learning; overall analysis of four interactive levels among learners at universities, then forms differenteogniti four-level interaction will help teachers design objectives towards credits, design learners' learning activities in order control and assess their competencies of independent learning and coordination In different teaming environments
Keywords: Teaching organization; universities: Interactive process
7 4 • K w u HQC EOJlo DIH: