NGHIEN CIJAJ U LUAN Q THIET KE BAI TAP NGHIEN CIJ(U TRUING HOP TRONG DAY HOC PHAN SINH THAI HOG SINH HOC 12 NHAM PHAT TRIEN NANG Lin; GIAI QUYET VAN BE CUA HOC SINH B&NGTWDATHirr Traill Bai kfc Stf if[.]
Trang 1THIET KE BAI TAP NGHIEN CIJ(U TRUING HOP TRONG DAY HOC PHAN SINH THAI HOG - SINH HOC 12 NHAM PHAT TRIEN NANG Lin;
GIAI QUYET VAN BE CUA HOC SINH
B&NGTWDATHirr Traill Bai kfc Stf ifeMi Mif
Tim tit Nghien ctfu trudng tigp Id mdt phuang phdp day tigc trong dd nguiA hoe ttf Itfc nghiin ctfu mdt tinh hudng
thifi:tiinvdgidiquyitedevdndieuatinhhudngddtra.Viviy.sddungbditdpnghiencdu truimg hgptiong dgy hgcphdn Sinh ttidi tigc d trung hgc pho thdng Id mdt trong nhdng biin phap phdt trien cdc ndng Itfc ttien chdt cda hgc sinh nhU ning h/e tuhgc ndng Itfc hrjp tdc ddc biit Id ndng Itfc gidi quyet vdn di Bdi vOt de xudt quy trinh thiit ke bdi tdp nghiin cdu tmimg hgp tiong dgy hgc phdn Sinh thdi hge - Sinh hge 12 ntidm phdt triin ndng Itfc gidi quyit vdn di eua hgc sinh Vfn dung quy trinh dd thiet keede dgng bdi tdp nghiin cdu trUimg hr^ tiong dgy hge phdn Sinh thdi hgc - Sinh hge 12
Tdkhda: ThUt ki; bdi tdp nghiin ctfu trudng hgp; Sinh thdi hgc ndng Itfc gidi quyet vdn di
(Nhdn bdi ngdy 14/12/2016; Nhdn kit qud phdn Ixfnvd chinh sda ngdy 05/01/2017; Duyit ddng ngdy 25/02/2017)
^.0itvin6i
Giio due djnh hudng ning lye nhim myc tieu phat
triln ning lye cfla r>gudi hoc die b i l t ehu trpng kl n i r ^
hpc cd ning iyc g i l i quylt duac d c tinh hudng cfla cudc
sdng v i nghf nghifp Ning lyc ndi chung va riing Iyc
giii quyft van di (NLGQVO) cua hpc sinh (HS) ndi rifng
ehu y ^ dupe hlnh thinh qua hoat ddng hpc t i p Hf
thdng b l i t i p (BT) djnh hudng phit t r i l n ning lUc ehinh
II cdng ey d i n d i t HS hogt ddng hpc t i p v i l i cdng cy d l
lye cfla HS [1] Bii t i p nghifn cflu trudng hpp (BTNCTH)
BTyfu d u nguiri hpe t y lye nghifn cflu mdt trudng hop
thye tifn v l g i l i quylt d c v i n d l cfla tinh hudng dd
Sinh thai hpe la mdt trong nhflng mdn hpc co sd
cilia Sinh hpe nghifn cflU v l ntdi quan h f tuong t i c gifla
sinh vft vdi sinh v f t v i gifla sinh v i t vdi mdi truimg tdn
tgi cfla nd d nhflng mflc dp td chflc khic nhau, tfl d t h i ,
quin thf d f n quin x i sinh vat v i h f sinh t h i i [2] Sinh
thii hpc l i n>dn khoa hpc thye nghiem chit die Cic
nguyfn If sinh t h i i hpc l i co sd khoa hpc eua d c v i n
d l mdi trudng v i g i l i phip b i o v f mdi truimg Nhflng
nghifn cdu truimg hop tiong Sinh t b i i hpc nhu: Cic thi
nghifm thuc dia, sfldur>g d c n g u y ^ li sinh thai hpc vao
giii quyft nhflng v i n di mdi trUdng I i nhflng t u lifu
thii hpc d trung hpc phd thdng (THPT)
2 N i n g Iflc g i i i q u y l t vin 64
NLGQVO l i k h i ning d nhin sfl dyng hifu qui cdc
qui trinh nhln thde hinh ddng v l thii dp, ildng ca xue
d m d l gili quydt nhflng tinh hudrtg v i n de m i d dd khdng
d sSn quy trinh thfl tyc gili phip thdog thudng [3]
VI viy, d u true NLGQVD phit trien d HS bao gdm 4
thinh td sau:
- Ning luc phit hifn v i l i m rd v f n df, bao gdm: Phan tieh tinh hudr>g, phit hifn v i n d l v i d i l n dat v i n
df
- Ning lyc d l xuat d c g i i i phip: Thu t h i p thdng tin, xfl If (ket ndi, lya chpn, sip xip-.) thdng tin, de xuit ducrc g i l i phip g i l i quylt van de (GQVD)
- Ning luc lya chpn g i l i p h i p v i t r i l n khai g i i i phip GQVO, bao gdm: Lya chpn g i i i phip phu hc^, l i p k l hogch GQVO v i thyc hifn k l hogch
- Ning lyc d i n h g i i v i v i n dung, bao gdm: Giim sit dupe t o i n bd k l hogeh v l lam chfl dupe k l hogch, cd sy
phu hpp efla g i l i phip; v i n dung tiong tinh hudng miA
[3]
3 B^i tap n g h i f n culu tnldrtg hop trong day hpc
p h i n Sinh t h f i hpc - Sinh hpc 12
3.1 Khii niim bil tip nghiin edu trtOng ftpp
Nghifn cflu tniimg hpp la mdt phucmg p h i p dgy hpc tiong dd ngU^N hpc t u iyc rkghien cflu mdt tinh hudng thuc t i f n va giii quyet d c v i n de cua tinh hudng BTNCTH trong day hoe I i dang b i i tap d f d p den mdt tinh hudng tfl thfle t i f n cudc sdng, tinh hudng
dd d i xiy ra hoge ed t h i xiy ra tiong thyc tien; nhflng quyet cac van d l do ddi hdi ed nhflng quylt djnh dya phdi hop kiln thfle ki nang v i t h i i dp vao vifc GQVD BTNCTH la d l phat triln nang luc eua ngUiri hpc die b i l t
l i NLGQVD Ngucri hpc nhfn thfle dUOe d e v i n de tiong
t h f gidi hien thyc ed the duoe giii quyft bing eie bien phap khic nhau
Trang 23 J Ciu trie cda bil tip rtghiin cdU trUtmg Iiap
trong dgy hgc phin Sinh thdi hge - Sinh hgc 12
Cau true cfla BTNCTH gdm d e t h i n h phin sau:
(1) Tieu de: Tifu d l v l trUimg hop nghien cflu
(2) Phan md t i trfldng hop: Truimg hop d n dugc
md t l rd ring v i d n thue hifn cic chflc ning If Iuin dgy
ed xung dot, trudng hpp can cd nhilu d c h gili quylt;
trudng hpp can tgo cho ngUdi hpc cd t h f trinh biy theo
d c h nhin cOa minh; truimg hpp d n vfla sfle ngudi hpc
cd t h i giii quylt trfn CO sd v i n dung kiln thfle va kT
ning cfla hp
(3) Phan nhifm vy cfla ngUin' hpc D i y chi'nh l i
h f thdng d u hdi nguiri hpc d n t r i Idi khi nghifn cflu
mue t i l u b l i hpe [4]
3.3 Cdc dgng bdi tip nghiin cdu tn/dng hop
trong dgy hge phin Sinh thii hgc - Sinh hgc 12
Can cfl vio mye t i f u phat triln NLGQVO cho HS
thdng qua dgy hpe hoe phin Sinh t h i i hpc - Sinh hpc 12,
ed t h i ed eie dang BTNCTH sau:
- Dgng BTxdc dinh vdn di Trong dgng BT niy HS
hpc cich xle djnh xem van de gl I n chfla trong trflimg
hcfp da cho Thdng tin trong trUdng hpp d i cho l i nhifu,
trong ddcd d thdng tin nhilu; v i n de chua dupe nfu rd,
v i n d l mdi tim phuong i n giii quylt v f n d l , thUc hifn
phuong i n d l chpn, dinh g i i v i n d l
- Dang BT thu thdp thdng tin: Trong dgng BT niy,
thdng tin ehUa dupc dUa ra diy du trong md t l truimg
hpp, HS hpc d e h t y thu t h f p thdng tin cho vifc GQVO
Trin CO sd dd, HS d n tim d e phUcmg i n gili quylt v i
quyft dinh phuang i n GQVD phu h i ^
- Dgng BTgidI quyit vdn di: Trong dgng BT niy HS
hpe d c h g i i i quylt mot v i n d l d i dupe n l u rd trong
trudng hpp Thdng tin trong tnjimg hop da cho dflpc
v i quylt dmh phucmg i n GQVD phu hpp
- Dgng BTddnh gid: Trong dgng BT niy HS hpe d c h
dinh gii, p h i phin hay ddng tinh vdi phuong i n da dUpc
dua ra Odi vdi dgng BT niy, van d f dua ra da ro ring,
da duoc dua Ngudi hpc dinh g i i phucmg i n gili quyet
mlnh Ngudi hpc cd t h i tim phuang I n khie thay t h i [4]
Tuy nhifn, sfl phin chia eic dgng BT nhU trfn chl
mang ttnh chit tuang ddi, tuy theo mfle do rfn luyfn
ra, d n efl v i o myc dfeh cfla If iuin dgy hpc cd t h i cd
dgng BTNCTH dupe sfl dung trong khiu nghiin cflu t i i
lifu rf\iA hofc dang BT7JCTH duoc sfl dung trong khiu
dung trong khiu kilm tra d i n h g i i
4 Quy tilnh thUt k l b i i t^p nghifn cfliu trudng
hpp trong day hpc p h i n Sinh thjii hpc - Sinh hpc 12
n h i m p h i t tiien n i n g lUc g i i i quyA v i n d f cfla hpc sinh
Qua nghien cflu co sd ii luin v l thue tifn, chflng tdi
d l xuit quy trinh thilt kf BTNCTH trong day hoe phan
Sinh t h i i hpe - Sinh hpc 12 bao gdm 6 budc nhu sau:
Bude 1: Xic dinh mue tieu cia chu ii dsich giio
84 • KHU Hpc GUo oyc
khoa (SGK), chu trgng xic innh muc tiiu vi phit tri NLGQVD cua HS trong dii Oi
GV xie ifinh muc t i f u hpc t i p cy t h i v l kiln thfle
ning v i t h i i do cfla chfl d l Trin cO sd dd, xic iljnh m trpng t i m v l g i n vdi thye t i l n cua chfl di
Bade 2: Phin tfch nil dung cda chi de dSGK, K Olnh via di trgng tim di thiit iti BTNCTH
GV nghien cflu ndi dung d l xie djnh thinh ph< kiln thfle trpng t i m eua chfl d l (khli n i l m hay qui trin quy l u i t hay hpc thuylt) N l u I i kifn thfle khii nifm cJ
x i c djnh n f i h i m v i ngogi d i f n ; n l u 11 kiln t h i ^ qi
x i c djnh b i n c h i t quy Iuit Myc t l l u cfla GV klii xj
p h i n tich d c tinh hudng thyc t i l n v i dUa ra d c h thi trpng t i m cfla chfl de d l I i m co sd cho vlfc xle dinh vl
d i dft ra cua BTNCTH l i rft d n thilt
BUdc 3: Nghiin edu vin dS, tftu th^p vi Itfa dip ddlliu
Sau khi xic djnh v i n d f d$t ra cfla BTNCTH, G
nghifn cflu vfn di v i thu t h i p d c dfl Iifu thfch hyj
d n t h i l t tfl cic ngudn nhU sich, bio, tgp ehf chuyii nginh, d e trang web v l khoa hpc sinh hpe gllo dyc Trong p h i n Sinh t h i i hpc nhfltig nghifn cflu trudng hpi thyc nhU: Cic thi nghifm sinh t h i i hpc (thf nghifm tin
h l l u v l i n h hudng efla loii Uu t h i ; thf nghifm vf chi
trinh dinh dudng d rimg thyc nghifm, thi nghifm w
quan h f cgnh tranh cfla hai loii trung cd, ); hlfn tupni khuleh dgi sinh hpc cfla d c chit hda hpc ddc hgi tron; thii ; q u i trinh dien t h i sinh t h i i trong t y nhifn hay di
mdi trudng, l i ngudn tU lifu di x i y dflng BTNCTH W
t i m d bude 2, GV lya chpn d c thdng tin cd t h i mi
hpe Oiy ehfnh l i ngudn dfl Iifu "thd" di xiy dyng cli
BTNCTH phit t r i l n NLGQVO d bUde 4
Bddc 4: VIA BTNCTH, biin tip vi xem xit ^ BTNCTH
Trfn eo sd ngudn dfl Iifu d i dupe chpn Ipe d bddt
3, GV sip xfp d e dfl lifu v i viet b i n t h i o v l BTNCTH bao gdm:
- Td chflc t i i Iifu v i cic ghi chip
- Xic djnh tinh hudng hay sy kifn zSn xiy dyng
- Chuin bj mdt d l cuong tinh hudng (cd till di/f dang b i n dd tuduy)
- Vift b i n t h i o v l BTNCTH, gdm cd bdn phin sau:
hudng v i c i n cfl v i o myc tifu hpc t$p, GV d i t tifu H
phfl hpp.Tif u d l cd t h i l i mdt d u hdi, mdt d u d m thin mdt cum tfl cd dpng sao eho t h i hifn dflpc mdt vin *
If thuylt hay thyc t i l n h i p d i n , hay m f t tinh hudng mh thuin, kfch thfch hflhg thfl nhln thfle cfla HS + Vilt p h i n md t i trudng hpp: GV xfl If thdng tin <fi Iya chpn bing d c h sip xfp, chlnh sfla Igi dfl lifu d l vir
liri v i n sfle tfch, chfnh x i c d i y dfl thdng tin, hinh inh ti
Trang 3riHig- dap Ung tdt myc dich m i nguiri dgy hudng d i n
mftitoan phim t u lifu hoic d hai, cd t h i cd dd thj, b i n g
rd ring v i d n thuc hifn d e chflc nang ii luin day hpc
+ Vilt p h i n nhiem vy: Cin cfl v i o myc tifu phit
tnln NLGQVO cua chu d l hpc t i p d l thilt k l he thdng
nghifm/ty Iuin), d u hdi cd t h i duoc sip x i p theo cic
mfledd rfn luyen NIJGQVO khac nhau tfl thap den cao
4- GV xiy dimg liri g i l i cfla BT Ngoii ra, GV d n dU
kiln ldi giii cua IHS de cd sU dinh hudng phfl hpp
- Bien t i p v i xem xft Iai: Xem x f t k! lUcmg d c h trinh
biy thdng tin Logi bd thdng tin khdng d n thiet Kilm
tra xem Iifu thdng tin cd dupe trinh bay tiieo mpt t r i t tU
d u v i dogn v i n [5}
Budc 5: Thd nghiim BTNCTH
GV thfl nghifm BTvdi mdt nhdm nhd HS Trfn cosd
dd, cd t h i bifn t i p Igi BT d l hoin t h i l n hon
Bddc 6: Thiit 1^1^hogdt bil hoc cia diu di ci sd
dimg BTNCTH
GV thiet ke kf hoach b i i hpc eua chfl d l , trong
dd BT dupc sfl dyng nhfl II m f t bifn phip phit triln
NLGQVD cfla HS GV xic itinh BT se dupe sfldyng d khiu
nio tiong q u i trinh day hpe (nghiin cflU t i i Iifu miA
hay tiong khiu dn t i p , tdng k i t chucmg; hole sfl dung
BT (thyc hifn tren Idp hay d nhi) Tfl dd, soan k l hogch
bii hpe ed sfl dyng BT phu hpp
5 ThiA k^ b i i t i p nghifn cCru trudng h ^ trong
day hoc chiii d l "HI'sinh t h i l ' , p h i n Sinh t h i i hpc
-Slnhhpc12
Vin dyng quy trinh trfn, trong chu d l *Hf sinh t h i i '
- Sinh hpc 12, cd t h i thilt k l nhilu BTNCTH, chung tdi
minh hpa mdt sd dgng BTNCTH nhu sau:
5.1 Ogng bil tip ngbiin cdu tnrtmg hop Au^p
thing tin
Nghifn cflu truimg hpp sau:
Trai v i n va nude d i n t i u
Trai v i n [Dreissena potymorpha) l i mdt loii trai
sdng nhd ed ngudn gdc t f l d c hd d mien Nam nfldc Nga Chflng thuimg cd kfch thude b i n g mdt mdng tay Mdt mdi ehu ki sinh sin v i hon 1 trifu trflng mdi n i m Au
v l sau do b i m tifn bat kl b f m i t cflng n i o m i nd g i p phii Chung i n lpc chu yeu I i d c logi sinh v i t phu du Chung cd khi nang bam chit Chi d n 1 v i t cflrig nhu chin vjt, vd t i u thgm chf d sinh v i t khic nhu tdm, rua, trai b i n dia^ d trong nude trong vdng 20 giiy, chflng sf
l i p tflc b i m dinh lay, gay thift hgi
Trai v i n da vd tinh dupe dua den Bie MI trong nude
d i n tau cfla d c t i u chd hing xuyfn dai duong Nudc d i n
cd sy d n b i n g dn dinh khi hogt ddng d che dd khdng
cd hing hoic it hing Nudc niy thudng dupe lly tfl cing xuat p h i t eua con t i u Khi t i u lay hing thi ngfliri ta Igi
n i m 1986 nhung ehing bao i i u sau thi chflng da cd m i t Erie v i Ontario), hd Hudson, sdng Mississippi v l nhifu
hd dTrung va Tiy efla nUdc MT cung nhU d Canada [6] Nhifm vy:
1 Hay xic djnh nguyfn nhin d i n d f n sy cd m i t cOa loii trai v i n d nude MT v i sU lly ian cfla loii trai niy d eic bang cfla nUde MT t d 1986 den 2013
2.Tgi sao r>di Trai v i n l i loii r>gogi lai xim hgi ddi vdi
mdi truimg nude ngpt d MCI
3 Gii sfl ban l i mdt n h i sinh thii hpc hiy tim hilu
v l nhflng loii ngoai lai x i m hgi mdi truimg sdng d dja phuong v i vilt mdt b i i b i o d o ngin v l t i c hgi cua phip ngin ngfla sinh vgt ngoai lai xim hgi d nfldc ta
5.2 Dgng Itii tip nghiin ctfu truimg hop glil quyit vin di
Nghidn cflu truimg hop sau:
Bfnh Minamata - O i l u ngUdi N h i t khdng the n i o q u i n
Minamata l i t f n mdt thinh phd xinh dep thude tinh Kumamoto (Nhit Bin) nhimg nd eung l i ten mdt d n bfnh xuat mpt b f g i i dupc dua v i o Isf nh v i l n dja phuang vdi nhflng bilu hifn ki la: Khd di, khd ndi va co gigt Hai ngiy sau, em cfla
1111111!! i r i j i 1 i i I j I i
Hlnh I: Vi tri duoc tim thdy cua trai vdn (Dreissena potymorpha) trin bdn Hinh 2: Mdt do cua qudn the trai vin vd trai
dd nudc Mitrong cdc ndm 1986, 1990, 1992 vd 2013 (the hiin dchdm bdn dja trin hd Hudson (Mi) ttf ndm 1991 din
trim mdu dd trong bdn dd)[7] ndm 2009 [8]
Trang 4cd be nay cung bj d c trifu chflng tflcmg ty D i n ngay
te dta phuang ring da phat hifn mpt c i n bfnh chua tflng
dupc biet d f n Vio thing 7/1959, nhdm nghif n cflu dOgi
hpc Kumamoto bao c i o ring d n bfnh niy l i do nhiem
ddc mdt loai kim loat nang hda tan trong nudc biln Luc
d Minamata van phu nhin mpi traeh nhifm v i t i l p tyc
x i chit t h i i ra vjnh Den ngiy 26/9/1968, cic chuyfn gia
duac truyen qua cic loai hii sin nhU c i v i sd Khi methyl
thdng than kinh Hpp chit ddc hgi niy do cdng ty Chisso
tgo ra trong q u i trinh sin xuat acetaldehyde v i hp d i x i
chit t h i i khdng qua xfl li ra sdng
Bfnh Minamata d l Igi nhieu h i u q u i kinh hoing
tuy theo mUc do nhiem ddc Nhflng ngudi bfnh ning
l i l t Mdt sd ngudi bj mu, diec hofc m i t tri Phu nfl nhiem
metyl thfly ngin ed nguy eo sinh eon bj bgi nio, d i l c
ha bilt bao nhieu ngudi [9] Tfl ciu chuyfn v l bfnh
Minamata cho t h i y con nguiri vfla I i ngn nhln cung vua
l i thfl phgm
Nhifm vy:
1 / Hay g i l i thfch nhin dtnh: Tfl d u ehuyin v l bfnh
Minamata cho thiy con nguiri vfla l i ngn nhln cung vfla
l i thu pham
21 C6^ kiln eho ring: Qui trinh khuleh dgi sinh
hpe eua metyl thOy ngin trong vung b i l n niy d i g i y
khdng, tgi sao?
3/ Vio nhflng t h i p ki eudi cua t h f ki XX, d m f t sd
vflng nhift ddi, ngUdi ta phun thuiie DDT (hda chit dUOc
sfl dung lim thude dift cdn trung giy hai cho ndng
nghifp v l dift mudi) d i dift mudi g i y bfnh sdt rft Tit
nhiln, mudi bi t i f u dift nhung kfo theo hing loat h i u
q u i k h i c lim rdi loan ludi thfle i n v i dan d i n sfl mft
d n bing trong hf sinh thai [2) Trong truimg hop niy,
theo bgn, phii giii quylt nhu t h i n i o m i u thuin gifla
trong hf sinh thii?
4/Tfleie trudng hpp tr&n, eon ngudi rut ra dupe b i i
hpe gl? Hiy dUa ra thdng difp b i o vf mdi trudng t d b i i
hpc niy
S3 Dgng bii t^p nghiin edu trddng hdp dinh j
Nghifn cflu trUdng hop sau:
Phin 1: ' C i i c h i t cua nhitag con sdi l i suan toj cia con cCful" (George Herbert, 1593 -1633)
Rimg Yellow/stone ( i mdt trong nhflng Kmg qui gia ndi t i i n g n h i t tai nflde Mi Oiy l i nOi sinh sdng a
bd rflng Bizon Duong I i rpng {Populus tremuloldes) \
lilu I i d e loii ciy I i sdm ryng ph6 b i l n nhit tgi dl Tfl n i m 1914, trong e d g i n g nhSm b i o v f quin t h i n
sCfng t i m {Cervus elaphus) Qudc h f i Hoa Kl d l cho Ij quy de sfl dyng v i o myc dich t i f u d i f t sdi 'tiiu dift ch sdi, chd ddng ed vd ede ddng vdt khde gdy tSn hgi cho ndt] nghifp vd gia sOc' tren d e vflng d i t edng Cic thp sl
efla rflng qude gia da thfle hifn nhilm vy niy v i vio nir
1926 hp d i b i n g i l t 136 ehd sdi x i m {Canis lupus) v
duimg nhuehd sdi da b i l n m i t khdi Yellowstone Sy tif chim dflt hogt ddng niy [10]
Nhifm vy:
1 / Bgn cd ddng y vdi phuong i n t i f u dift sdi d l b l
v f nai sdng t i m trong rCmg qudc gia cfla Chfnh phfl Ho
Kl khdng? Giii thfch cho y kiln efla bgn?
2/ Hay dy d o i n d i l u gi xiy ra khi duimg nhu chi sdi d i biln mft khdi Yellowstone? Giii thfch eho dy d d i efla bgn
Phin 2:"Bi c6 t h f m nhOng d i l u kl d i f u , hiy t i
hoang da t h i gldll" (George Monbiot) Hai n h i khoa hpe William J Ripple v l Robert I Besehta dOgi hpc bang Oregon, Iin i l l u t i f n nh^nthl] susyt g i i m sd lupng c l e d y ducmg l i ryng v i o nim 199]
nhung khdng t h i xic djnh nguyfn nhln gl da giy ra s\
r i n g nai sflng t i m vdi thdi quen g i m I i cly dUong chinl
l i nguyfn nhin Ho eflng t h i y ring ed mdi quan hf glQi
su suy g i i m cfla d y duong I i ryng vdi sy Iogi bd hoir nam 1926 Trong nhflng n i m 1995,1996, Chfnh phO Iifr bang d i thay ddi quan d i l m v l sdi Cyc Odng vft hoant
da Hoa Kl da nhip khiu 66 con sdi x i m tfl Canada vie vudn qudc gia niy Mdt khio sit t i l n hlnh nim 2001 thdng b i o hp phit hifn 13 biy sdi, tdng cfng 118 cor tai Yellowstone v i 326 con trong t o i n bd hf sinh thIL Si lifu vf sd Iuong e i t h i cfla q u i n t h i sdi, nai sCmg tim tC
1993 d i n 2006 v i sd do eua ehilu eao d y dUcmg II n^n;
Hlnh 3: Biin ddng so lUgng cua qudn thi sdi (A), nai stfng tdm (B) vd cdyduang (C) drtfng Yellowstone [11]
86 • KHU Hpc 6U0 D||C
Trang 5oi tnfdc 2000 den 2006 do Ripple v i Besehta thu t h i p
dupc tiinh b i y 6 Hinh 3 [11 ]
Nhiem vy:
1/ Phin tfch d c dfl tifu tiong cic dd thj d hinh 3 A
hinh 3.B v i hlnh 3.C d l If g i i i tgi sao Cyc Ddng v i t hoang
da cua MT d i cho nhap khiu mdt sd lUpng sdi x i m v i o
r i ^ qudc gia niy?
2/ Tgi sao ndi: Sy trd Igi cfla sdi x i m giup cho vifc
khdiphycda dgng sinh hpcdrtmg qudc gia Yellowstone?
3/Tgi sao ndi: Nhd mdi quan h i gifla eon mdi <-> vat
dfl 1 '(-> v i t dfl 2, thifn nhifn d l xic lap nfn hifn tflpng
d n bing sinh thii?
4/ Qua nghifn cflU trudng hpp trfn, eon nguiri rflt
ra t)ii hpc gi?
6 ket luan
Qua righiln cflu co sd li lufn v i thfle tien giang dgy,
chung tdi nhin thiy vile sfldyng BTNCTH trong dgy hpe
day hpc khdng nhflng phit t r i l n dflpc NLGQVO efla HS
ml cdn phit t r i l n duge n i n g lyc sing tao, nang lye hpp
tie, ning lUe t y hpc g i n li Iuin viA thyc tiln Die bift,
dung kiln thfle ki ning hpc duoc d l giii quyft d c v i n
d l mdi trudng, tfl dd ed dupe nhln thfle v i hinh ddng
dung trong b i o v f mdi trudng Nim vflng ki t h u i t xiy
dyng BTNCTH trong day hpc p h i n Sinh t h i i hpc - Sinh
hoc 12 I i r i t d n thilt, giflp GV v i n dung v i o q u i trinh
day hpc gdp phin phit trien NLGQVD eOa HS, d i p flng
dupe dinh hudng ddi miA phucmg phip day v i hpe Sinh
hpc d phd thdng hifn nay
TAILICUTHAMKHAO
[1 ] Bd Gilo dyc v i Oio tao - Vy Giio due Trung hpc
(2014), Dgy hgc vd kiim tra ddnh gid kit qud hgc tdp theo
(JJn/i hudng phdt trien ndng Itfc hge sinh mdn Sinh hge edp
Tmng hpc phd thdng, Tii Iifu t i p huln Chucmg trinh Phit
trifn Gilo duc trung hpc H i Ndi
(2) Vu Tmng Tang (2004), Bdi tdp Sinh thdi hoe NXB
Gilo duc
[3], Bd Gilo dyc v i Oio tgo, (2014), Xdy diflig Chuong trinh gido due phd thdng theo dinh hUdng phdt trien ndng Itfc Tai lifu hdi t h i o Chuong trinh p h i t t r i l n
giio due D i Ning
|4] Bemd Meier - Nguyen Vin Cuimg, (2015), Uludn
dpy hpc hien dp/, NXB Dai hpc Suphgm HI Ndi
IS) Rudolf Batiiner - John Collum, (2002), Soeial forestry support programme (SFSP) Teaching Methodology Handbook Agriculture Publishing House
[6] Fred L Snyder - David W Garton and Maran
Brainard, (1990), Zebra Mussels in the Great Lakes: The
Invasion and Its Implications, published by the Ohio Sea
Grant College Program < http://nsgl.gso.uri.edu/njmsc/ pdf>
[7] U.S Geological Sutvey, (2015), NAS -Nonindigenous /Aquatic Species, http://nas.er.usgs.gov/
taxgroup/mollusks/zebramussel/
[8] Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, (2016),
Hudson River Ecology, http://vtfww.earyinstitute.org/
edueators/teaching-materials/changlng-hudson-project/ ecosystems-aetion-population-community-dy nami-3
[9] Ministry of the Environment, Japan, (2010),
Lessons from Minamata Disease and Mercury Management
in Japan, Environmental Health and Safety Division,
Environmental Health Department, https://www env go.jp/chemi/tmms/pr-m/mat01/en_full.pdf
[10] Nation Park Service , Yellowstone National Park <httpy/wn«w.divisionfifteendesign.com/Yellow sto
nePark/biology_eeology.php>
[11] William J Ripple - Robert L Besehta, (2011),
Trophic cascades in Yetlowstone:The first IS years after wolf reintroduction Biological Conservation http://www.cof
orst.edu/leopoid/papers/RippIe8esehtaYeHowstone_ BioConserv.pdf
[12] Vfl Vin Vy (Tdng chu biln), (2006), Sinh hge 12
Sich g i i o khoa, NXB Gilo dyc
DESIGNING CASE-STUDY EXERCISES IN TEACHING ECOLOGY SECTION - BIOLOGY GRADE 12
IN ORDER TO DEVELOP STUDENTS' PROBLEM - SOLVING COMPETENCY
Dang Thi Da Thuy
Hue University of Education
Emalh dangdathuy@gmall.com Abstract Doing case- study as a teaching method in which students ean self-study a real situation and solve that
situation Therefore, using exercises of case studies in teaching Ecology seaion at High School is a measure to develop The paper proposes process to design case-study exercises in teaching Ecology seaion - Biology grade 12 In order to develop students' pmblemsotving competency Process to design case-study exercises will tie applied into teaching Ec(A>gy section - Biology grade 12
Keywords: Design; case-study exercises; Ecology; problem - solving competency