NGHIEN CUU TRAO BOI PHCrONG PHfiP GIUP DO SINH VIEN YEU KEM, C(i BIET Tfil TRCTGfNG D^l HOC KINH TE CONG NGHIEP LONG fiN • TS LE 0 I N H VIEN (*) TOM T A T Sinh vien hpc tap yiu kem vd sinh vien cd bi[.]
Trang 1PHCrONG PHfiP GIUP DO SINH VIEN YEU KEM, C(i BIET Tfil TRCTGfNG D^l HOC KINH TE
CONG NGHIEP LONG fiN
• T S L E 0 I N H VIEN (*)
T O M T A T
Sinh vien hpc tap yiu kem vd sinh vien cd biet Id tra nggi chu yiu trong qud trinh ndng cao chdt lugng ddo tgo tir cdc trudng dgi hpc, cao dang dgc biet Id cdc truang dgi hpc, cao ddng ngodi cdng lap
So sinh vien hpc tap yeu kem cd biet (YK, CB) nhieu hay it a cdc truang dgi hpc vd miic dp tien bd ciia
sd sinh vien noi tren nhanh hay cham, tuy thudc phdn lan den cdc phuang phdp dugc sii dung trong qud trinh gidng dgy vd qudn ly Bdi viet neu mdt sd khdi niem, quan diim ve gido due sinh vien cd biet vd mpt sd gidi phdp nhdm giup da sinh viin YK, CB vuan len trong hpc tap
Tie khoa: Sinh viin, gido vien, yiu kem, khdc phuc, chdt lugng, ddo tgo
SUMMARY
Weak and particular students are major impediment in the process of improving the quality of training from universities and colleges, especially non-public universities and colleges The number of weak and particular students at universities and fast or slow progress level of the above students largely depend on the applied methods in the process of teaching and management This article mentions some
of the concepts and viewpoints on educating weak and particular students and some specific measures
to help these students make progress in learning
Key words: Students, teachers, weak, overcome, quality, training
1 Dat van 36
Tnrac het can phai xac dinh rang de dao tao
nhimg sinh vien yeu hoac ca biet thanh nhung
sinh vien ra tnioTig dat chuan dau ra phuc vu
t6t cho nguoi su dung lao dong la mot cong
viec v6 cung kho khan, doi hoi nha truong
phai CO nhieu bien phap, phai kien tri, phai dau
tir cong siic, tam va tri gap 2 tham chi gap 3,
4 lan so v6i viec dao tao nhiing sinh vien kha
va gioi
Mac du cung huong thu npi dung dao tao
giong nhau, nhung o m6i sinh vien d8u co
su phat trien the chit va tri tue khac nhau, co
dpng CO va thai dp hpc tap khac nhau din
den nang lire hpc tap, kha nang tiep thu ki8n
thijc cua moi mpt sinh vien ciing khac nhau Mpi nguoi deu thua nhan rang, de sinh vien
CO the tu minh vuon len trong hoc tap, chiing
ta phai lam sao giiip sinh vien xac dinh diing dan dpng co hpc tap de tu chii, tu giac trong hpc tap CO hieu qua
Thuc trang mpt so sinh vien yeu kem do trinh dp phan tich, tong hpp, cham chi khong cao nen chua manh dan trong hpc tap, hieu khong sau va de dang bo qua nhiing gi chua that hidu Mat khac, it chii y hpc tap va bai giang cua thay co giao, thdi gian su dung vao viec hpc tap khong nhieu, thucmg vang mpt so buoi len lop, din d8n ti§p thu ki8n thiic khong
iSIS
Trang 2duprc lien tuc, trinh dp tu duy va von kien thiic
con nhieu han che din den de chan nan, thu
dpng, tieu cue
Day la nhiem vu v6 cung vinh quang ma
cac tmong dai hpc va cao d^ng dac biet la cac
tmong dai hpc va cao dang ngoai cong lap
phai dam nhan, chang nhiing da gop phan 1cm
vao viec nang cao dan tri va chat lupng cua dpi
ngu lao dpng tri thiic trong xa hpi ma con sang
tao nhiing phuong phap moi trong cong tac va
ren luyen lao dpng, giao due con ngucri
2 Mot so quan diem ve giao due sinh vien
yeu kem, ca biet
2.1Khai niem sinh vien ca biet
Sinh vien ca biet dupe hieu do la nhimg sinh
vien CO ca tinh khac biet so voi binh thudng:
huang hieu lap di, thieu hpp tac voi thay co,
ngu trong gia hpc, ciip tiet giang, gay go voi
ban be, dira vao ngirai than coi thuong npi quy
truemg lap, phat bieu linh tinh, v6 le, tham chi
bia dat chuyen, noi lao, ngo ngao v.v
Nhin chung, sinh vien ca biet la nhiing
sinh vien thuong c6 su bat thuang ve tinh
each, khong co dpng ca hpc tap, tam ly
khong on dinh
Hien tirang hpc sinh ca biet la mpt hien
tuong dac biet a liia tuoi mpi hpc sinh La hien
tuong hpc sinh vi pham cac chuan muc dao
diic va chuan muc xa hpi bieu hien a pham
chat dao diic, hpc luc cua hpc sinh [1]
Hpc sinh ca biet la thuat ngii nha tmong,
thay CO dung de chi nhirng hpc sinh thuong
gay go, danh nhau, bo gid, tron hpc, khong
chip hanh npi quy cua tmdng Them vao do
la su loi keo ban be ve phia minh nham thoa
man ca tinh hoac thda man nhu cau giai toa
tam ly bi lic che ve hoan canh cua ban than minh Nhiing hpc sinh nay thudng ludi bieng trong hpc tap, hay tron hpc va lang tranh cac hoat dpng tap the Bieu hien thudng thay ciia cac em la hay ngu gat trong gid hpc, ludi chep bai, hpc bai nhung lai to ra rat nhanh tri trong nhiing trd tinh nghich vdi thay co, ban be [2] 2.2 Quan diem ve giao due sinh vien yeu kem, ca biet
De giiip do sinh vien ca biet, giao vien chu nhiem Idp co vai trd het siic to Idn Nhu ta da biet, sinh vien ca biet d tmdng nao ciing c6 Thuc ra, sinh vien ca biet khong nhieu nhung lai la lire can rat Idn trong giao due va dao tao, tham chi hp la the luc "den" de dpa, khong che nhiing nhan to tich cue dam dau tranh, bao
ve le phai, bao ve dieu tdt trong moi tmdng giao due
Viec giao due sinh vien ca biet la ca mpt qua trinh kien tri, sang tao cua giao vien chii nhiem O mdi tmdng hop sinh vien ca biet, ngudi giao vien chu nhiem se cd nhiing each giai quyet rieng, cu the Du theo each nao, ciing can tim hieu ky ludng, sau sat de tir do,
cd phuang phap giao due phii hpp, phai "chan" diing benh de dung loai thudc "dac tri" mdi cd the cai bien dupe sinh vien ca biet
Giao vien chii nhiem, can phan loai sinh vien trong Idp de nam duac em nao la sinh vien ca biet, tim hieu nguyen nhan dan den sinh vien ca biet va phan loai sinh vien ca biet Can nhan thiic rang, ban chat cua con ngudi la tdt dep "Nhan chi so, tinh bdn thien", nhimg qua trinh tmdng thanh hp chiu anh hudng ciia nhiing yeu td tieu cue trong gia dinh, xa hpi bien hp trd thanh smh vien ca biet Vay ai? Cai
Trang 3gi? da lam cho sinh vien da thanh ca biet, day
la cdng viec khdng don gian ddi hdi rat nhieu
cdng siic va trudc het la can den cai "tam" cua
ngudi thay Ngudi giao vien chu nhiem phai
dieu tra ti mi, nhieu lan gap nhieu ngudi de tim
ra nguyen nhan sau xa va cd bien phap cd hieu
qua de giao due
Khi ta tim ra nguyen nhan, ngudi giao
vien ehu nhiem se tim ra bien phap de giao
due Viec giao due sinh vien ca biet cd the
mdi ngudi cd mpt each khac nhau nhung mpt
nguyen tac chung, phai dupe tdn trpng la phai
su dung Idng yeu thuong, khdng ghet bd, tii do
cd phuang phap giao due mem deo linh hoat,
can ed su gan giii sinh vien ca biet
Viec giao due sinh vien ca biet la cong viec
cue ky khd khan, ddi hdi su kien tri, nhiet huyet
vdi s\r nghiep "trdng ngudi" ciia ngudi thay
Giao vien chu nhiem phai nhan nai, thuong
sinh vien va rat can mdt phuong phap diing
dan Hay xem viec giang day sinh vien ca biet
nhu la mdt thu thach nghe nghiep can vupt
qua, dung bao gid coi do la mpt "tai nan" khi
duac giao ehu nhiem mdt Idp cd sinh vien ca
biet Viec giao due sinh vien ca biet cd thanh
cdng hay khdng phu thupc rat nhieu vao ngudi
thay, ngudi thay tha thiet yeu nghe va nhiet
tam vdi su nghiep dao tao con ngudi
Phin Idn sinh vien ca biet cd y thiic td chiic,
ky luat khdng tot, khdng y thiic duoc nhiem
vu hpc tap ciia minh Vi vay, cac em khdng cd
thdi quen tu giac, viec di hpc chi la ddi phd,
di hpc chi c6 mat ma khdng nhan thiic dupe
hpc de lam gi, cd tac dung nhu the nao ddi vdi
tuong lai cua chinh minh, do vay, thly giao
chli nhiem can cho sinh vien thay dupe tac
dung cua viec hpc tap nghiem tiic, lien quan den hien tai va tuong lai cua hp
Thly cd chii nhiem la ngudi thudng xuyen chli y, quan tam, di sau, di sat Idp ma minh la giao vien chu nhiem va thuc hien tdt cac bien phap sau day ddi vdi sinh vien ca biet Khdng nen cd cai nhin ky thi, thai dp khd chiu, ghet bd, coi thudng, nhan xet, qud ming sinh vien ca biet tmdc Idp Khdng nen nhin sinh vien ca biet vdi thai dp dd xet chi de thly khuy^t diem, mat xau ciia cac em Khong nen dung danh tu sinh vien ca biet tmdc dam ddng, dung tach cac em ra khdi lap, cd lap cac em tmdc Idp
Can cd su quan tam gan giii, tim hieu sinh vien ca biet Phan Idn sinh vien ca biet rat can mpt diem tua tinh than dang tin cay de cd the bpc bach, se chia, tam su nhirng khd khan, nhiing noi niem, rieng tu tham kin Thay cd
se trd thanh nhirng ngudi ban Idn ciia cac em Ngudi giao vien chu nhiem nen lang nghe nhirng tam tu ciia cac em va ciing nen giii kin nhiing tam su dd, de cac em tin tudng ma bpc bach Hay nhin cac em vdi anh mat bao dung cua ngudi me, sir cam thdng va thau hieu ciia ngudi ban than thiet
Thay cd hay nhe nhang phan tich nhiing uu, khuyet diem, nhiing dung sai trong nhan thiic
va hanh dpng eiia cac em, hay giiip cac em nhan ra Idi lam cua minh va tao cho cac em
CO hpi sua chiia, phat triSn cac mat tich cue
Cd mdt sd sinh vien ca biet cdn la ngudn gde ciia su phat trien qua manh nhung khdng diing hudng, neu biet hudng dan sir phat trien nay tien ve muc tieu da chpn cd the ta se dat duac nhiing thanh qua bat ngd
Trang 4Can nhd rang, sinh vien ca biet du Idio giao
due den dau thi ben trong cac em van luon
tiem an nhiing nhan t6, nhiing phdm chat tich
cue Neu CO mot phuong phap dung, ta van co
the lam thiic tinh cac em, khoi phuc niSm tin
cho cac em de chinh cac em thiy riing, minh
khong kem coi de tii do viit bo duoc sir tu ti,
mac cam, chii dong hpi nhap voi cac ban va
tap the lop Hay tim ra diem manh cac em dk
CO the phat huy vi phan Ion cac em co svr sT
dien la kha Ion
Thay co hay nhin van de theo hurong tich
cue, hay tao cho cac em mot loi thoat, mot co
hoi de di ra va di len Tran trong nhiing tiSn
bo cua cac em, dii la nho nhat, manh dan bieu
duong nhiing viec lam tot, du la rit nho
Hay ton trong quyen lua chpn, quyet dinh
cua cac em trong pham vi cho phep, khong nen
ap dat tho bao voi cac em, khong xiic pham,
lam ton thuong danh du cac em truoc tap the,
than trong khi phat ngon voi sinh vien ca biet
rat nhay cam
Thay co hay co gang diem tinh, biet tu kiem
che truac tihilng hanh dpng sai trai cua sinh
vien ca biet, coi diic tinh diem tinh, tu kiem
chS ciia thay co la qua trinh tiip xiic, giao due
sinh vien ca biet
Phai mem deo linh boat khi giao due sinh
vien ca biet, nhimg doi hoi di doi voi viec lam
va tuyet doi khong duge phep hiia suong, da
noi thi phai quySt thuc hien, phai la tdm guoog
cho cac em noi theo
Tren day la nhimg bien phap quan trpng
trong qua trinh giao due sinh vien ca biet Co
nguoi cho rang viec giao due sinh vien ca biet
la ao tuong Su thuc khong phai nhu vay, viec
giao due sinh vien ca biet la viee lam cue ky kho khan, doi hoi su kien tri, tam huyet voi
su nghiep trong nguoi cua cac thay co, nhung ciing la vinh quang cua thay co Nguoi giao vien chli nhiem phai biet nhan nai, yeu hpc tro ciia minh va rat can sii dung cac phuong phap
CO hieu qua Hay coi sinh vien ca biet nhu la mpt thu thach nghe nghiep phai vupt qua de tien tdi
3 Giai phap giiip da sinh vien yeu kem, ca
biet viron len hoc tap
3.1 Thong qua c6 vdn hpc tap Voi doi tuong sinh vien tren, nha truemg da
CO nhiing phuong phap thich hpp theo tiing nhom d6i tugug nhu sau:
Xac dinh vi tri va vai tro quan trpng cua co van hpc tap, nha trudng phan cong giao vien
CO nang lire, cd kien thiic viing vang, cd dao due, cd tam huyet va cd kinh nghiem de phu dao gitip do cho timg nhdm sinh vien yeu kem Day phu dao sinh vien yeu kem, vdi tam ly su pham, Iden tri va lau dai, diing cac bien phap kich thich, dpng vien, tim hieu hoan canh khd khan cu the ciia sinh vien de cung sinh vien hoac bao cao lanh dao nha trudng tim each giiip do Lam sao khoi day d sinh vien yeu kem long tu tin va hiing thii trong hpc tap, y chi vupt cac khd khan de tien bp
Co van hpc tap di sau vao sinh vien trong viec phu dao sinh vien yeu kem bang nhieu phuong phap khac nhau
True tiep trao doi vdi sinh vien yeu kem trong tung mdn hoc cu the Cd the sinh vien yeu kem khdng phai d tat ca cac mdn hpc ma vdi nhimg mdn hpc cu the nao dd Co vdn hpc tap cd trach nhiem trao doi vdi sinh vien yiu
Trang 5kem vi phuong phap hpc tap, giai thich lai
nhiing gi ma sinh vien yeu kem chua that hieu,
giiip sinh vien yeu kem nam vimg kien thiic
trong timg mdn hpc cu thi va quan trpng hon
ca la phai khoi day trong smh vien yiu kem
Idng say me hpc tap
3.2 Giang vien diing Idp
La ngudi true tiep truyin dat kien thiic cho
sinh vien, cdn thiit tim kiim phuong phap
giang day cd hieu qua Vdi nhan thiic rang,
giang vien la ngudi chu dao trong vice khac
phuc hien tucmg sinh vien yeu kem va thanh
cdng hay that bai cd phan Idn trach nhiem
thupc ve giang vien diing Idp Vai trd ciia thay
CO giao het siic quan trpng, dupe vi nhu mpt
huan luyen vien trudng Trong thuc te, nhieu
sinh vien hpc yeu khdng tu nhan minh khdng
hieu bai hoac hieu khong den noi den chdn
nhirng kien thiic ma thay co truyen dat Do
vay, can thiet phai theo doi phan ling cua sinh
vien de cd bien phap giiii quyet phu hgfp
Trong giang day, thay cd can khuyen khich
sinh vien phat bieu thac mac ca nhan, nhan ra
nhiing ly do va each giai quyet van de dd; nhan
biet sdm nhiing nhupc diem ciia sinh vien va
cd phuong phap phu hgfp Thay cd can nhan
biet sdm nhiing nhupc diem cua sinh vien
thdng qua cac bai kiem tra va kiem tra dau gid
d mdi budi hpc Thay cd ciing can tiep can,
gdn giii va lang nghe mpt each chan thanh cac
y kien ciia sinh vien va chii y vao cac phan hdi
cua hp, giup do sinh vien thiet lap ke hoach
lam viec vdi nhiing muc tieu thuc ti, tao diiu
kien di sinh vien dat dupe ket qua tot phu hpp
vdi chinh ban than sinh vien dd
Can khac phuc cd hieu qua he thong cau hdi
thieu tinh gpi md, din ddt khdng logic, chua phu hprp vdi timg doi tuong Ciing cdn khSc phuc hien tugng giang vien cdn hoi lan man, ngoai le, ehua tap trung vao kiin thiic trpng tam Viee sir dung cdng cu day hpc true quan, sach giao khoa cdn ban ehe, chua xii ly het cac tinh huong trong trich dan, phuang phap giang day tich cue cOng la nhiing han che can khac phuc Ben canh dd, giao vien cdn phai quan tam bao quat sinh vien trong lap hpc, trpng do chli trpng nhiing sinh vien yeu, tao mpi dieu kien tot cho sinh vien phat huy v.v 3.3 Su phdi hpp tu nhieu phia Sinh vien cd nang luc hpc tap yen la mpt tdn tai do nhieu nguyen nhan khac nhau va viee khac phuc hoac han che hien tugng nay ddi hdi phai dugc xir ly tir nhieu phia
•J» Bdi vdi sinh vien: phai lam sao cho sinh vien di hpc chuyen can, chi nghi hpc khi
cd ly do chinh dang, tu hpc va tu nghien ciiu nhiing van de phat sinh Trong gid hpc, sinh vien phai tap trung nghe thay cd giang bai va dua ra nhiing cau hdi hoac phan bien nhiing npi dung minh khong thdng nhat
••• Bdi vdi giao vien: can nhan thiic giao vien la ngudi chu dao trong viec khde phuc sinh vien yeu kem, thanh hay bai mot phan Idn
la do giao vien Chinh vi le dd, vai hd cua giao vien het siic quan trpng trong day hpe va do vay, ed y nghia quyet dinh din khac phuc hoac han che hien tuong sinh vien yeu d cac trudng dai hgc Giao vien phai lam sao cho sinh vien hiiu, tiip thu nhiing diiu ma minh da giang day va biit phat ttien ra trong thuc ti
•J> Nha trudng: cd trach nhiem tim kiim, triin khai ddy du, kip thdi cac van ban chi dao
Trang 6cac hudng dan cu the cd hen quan den cdng tac
phu dao, giiip dd sinh vien yeu kem bang cac
bien phap khac nhu hinh thanh dpi ngu cd van
hpc tap va thudng xuyen kiem tra chat lupng eiia
dpi ngii nay ve tinh hieu qua cua nd Ciing ed the
td chiic cac hinh thiic phu dao sinh vien yeu kem
khdng phai mat tien ddi vdi tiing mon hpc, doi
vdi mpt sd it sinh vien qua yeu phai td chiic kem
cap tham chi theo ty le 1-1 hoac 1-2 v.v
•J* Cac doan the va gia dinh: dac biet la Doan thanh nien, Hdi sinh vien, cac cau lac
bd giiip sinh vien hpc tap theo nhdm, lam viec nhdm, hinh thanh tac phong doan ket va hd trp tap the, ca nhan v.v Gia dinh can phdi hop vdi cac doan the nha trudng de giiip sinh vien vugrt qua rao can tieu cue
Vdi cac hudng neu tren, hy vpng se han che hoac khae phuc timg budc cd hieu qua hien tuang sinh vien yeu kem
4 Ket luan
Viec giao due sinh vien ca biet cd thanh cdng hay khdng phu thupc rat nhieu vao ngudi thay,
su hpp tac ciia phu huynh va xa hpi Can cd su tich cue phoi hpp giiia nha tmdng va gia dinh
de tim ra duac diing nguyen nhan, tie dd mdi tao ra cac dpng luc tich cue cho chinh sinh vien Trudng Dai hpc Kinh te Cdng nghiep Long An tuy mdi ra ddi va hoat dpng trong mpt thdi gian ngan, nhung ciing gidng nhu cac tmdng dai hpc khac, xuat hien hien tuong cd mpt sd sinh vien ca biet d cac Idp ke ca cac he dao tao thupc cac chuyen nganh khac nhau da va dang la nhiing ndi ban khoan, tran trd cua nha tmdng Tmdc thuc trang dd, chiing tdi da va dang su dung nhieu bien phap giao due sinh vien ca biet nhu tren va qua thdi gian da dem lai nhimg ket qua tich cue: Sd sinh vien yeu kem va sinh vien ca biet vuon len trd thanh sinh vien hpc kha va sinh vien ca biet trd thanh binh thudng ngay cang tang, chat lupng ngay cang duoc nang cao va
do dd, uy tin cua nha tmdng tung budc dupe xac lap trong thuc te Chua hai Idng vdi ket qua da dat dupe, chiing tdi tu thay can ed gang hon niia de mai dupe xa hdi, cha me sinh vien tin tudng
ve mdt CO sd dao tao dai hpc trong nhieu nam lien dupe Bp Giao due va Dao tao tang bang khen, phan dau de trd thanh mpt dia chi tin cay ddi vdi cha me sinh vien gui gam con em cua minh, dao tao ngudn nhan lire chat luong cao phue vu cho qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nude, thuc hien triet ly giao due cua Trudng: "Tri hanh dat nhan"
Tdi lieu tham khdo
[1] De tai Giao due hpc sinh ca biet trong tmdng hpc, trang tailieu.vn
[2] Le Thi Thiiy Mong (2012), Quan tam giao due hpc sinh ca biet, Bao Giao due Online thii 6 07/12/2012
Ngay nhan: 22/12/2014
Ngay duyft dang: 26/12/2014