XAY DI/NG NEN GIAO DUG MO OE MQI NGl /a i THAM GIA HOC TAP SUOT DOT • TS Lt DiNH VlfeN (*) T O M TAT Tic ngdn xua cho din nay, ong cha ta luon de cao vd coi trong su hoc Hoc Id nin tang xdy dung nin c[.]
Trang 1XAY DI/NG NEN GIAO DUG MO
OE MQI N G l / a i THAM GIA HOC TAP SUOT DOT
• T S Lt D i N H VlfeN (*)
T O M T A T
Tic ngdn xua cho din nay, ong cha ta luon de cao vd coi trong su hoc Hoc Id nin tang xdy dung nin con nguai todn di^n v&i nhiing pham chat dugc ren giua trong qua trinh hoc tap tie thdy c6 vd tu hoc Ngdy nay, vai su tien bQ vu(rt b$c cua khoa hoc - ky thuat, cong nghe thong tin phdt trien nhanh chong da too tien de ca ban cho qud trinh tyc tim toi nghien cicu, hQC tap suot dai Hoc tqp suot dai la yen cdu khdch quan cho sy^phdt triin hi$n nay Nin gido due ma tao nhieu dieu ki$n cho mgi nguai cap nh^t dugc kiSn thuc m&i nhdt, phiic vu tot nhdt cho cuoc song Gido dvc ma cdn theo dudi phuang chdm ddo tgo thich hap, ma rgng ddu vdo, kiem sodt dau ra Quy trinh ddo tg.o Id qud trinh sang Igc lien tuc, nghiem tuc, bao dam chi nhung nguai du diiu kien m&i tot nghiep ra truang vd de pho cgp kien thuc din mgi nguai cdn su dung phuang phdp ddo tao tie xa, vHa hoc vica Idm Lam dugc nhu v$y, chdc chdn tao ra con duang hqc van den tat cd moi nguai vd do Id con duang khai tri nguon nhdn luc cho ddt nuac, gop phdn dang ki cho su nghiep cong nghiep hoa
vd hiin d^i hoa ddt nuac
Tif khoa: Hoc tap suot dai gido due ma, nguon luc,
SUMMARY
From ancient times until now, our forefathers have always respected and given prominence to education Learning is the foundation to build the wholly person with the qualities forged in the process of learning from teachers and self-study Nowadays, with the great progress of science engineering, information technology has developed rapidly, creating basic premise for self- research process and lifelong learning Lifelong learning is an objective requirement for the current development Open education has created a lot of conditions for people to update the latest knowledge and to serve for life the best Open education needs pursuit of proper training motto, input expansion, output control The training process is the process of continuous and serious selection, ensuring only those who are eligible to graduate and
to universalize common knowledge to all who need to use distance learning methods, both learning and working By doing so, we can make sure to create access to education to everyone and that is the way to develop the minds of human resources for the country, contributing significantly to the industrialization and modernization of the country
Key words: Lifelong learning, open education, human resources,
1 H p c t a p suot d6i - yeu t6 ngi lire hpc la di§u ki?n, la co s a dS liim nen mpi cho m ? ! s y p h a t t r i i n vi$c "Nhan b i t hoc b i t tri ly" la lu^n Tir bao dai nay, trong van hoa truyen di8m quan trong kh§ng dinh t i m quan thong ciia dan toe Viet Nam, hoc la vdn trong cua vi$c hoc va "day khong moi,
dh luon dugc d6 cao D6i voi cha ong, hoc khSng chan" hay n6i each khac 1^
Trang 2hoe t^p suot doi la dieu cac the he nguai
Viet Nam luon mong moi va dan do hliu
t h l
Nuac ta tiSn hanh cong nghiep hoa va
hien dai hoa tir mot di§m xuit phat eon
thap Trong boi canh do, chiing ta dang
thieu rat nhieu, mot trong nhung cai
thieu nhat hien nay la tri thirc Ma tri
thuc khong the c6 dugfc trong mpt thai
gian ngan D6 vuan den dinh cao eua tri
tu?, cac hpc gia tu xua d6n nay dSu coi
vi|c hpc tap la cong vi$e su6t d6fi Cau
noi n6i ti6ng cua V.I Lenin "hpc, hoc
nua, hpc mSi" chinh la doi hoi theo tinh
than do, nku chung ta mu6n vuan len
chiSm linh nhiing thanh tvru cua khoa
hoc Dae biet, neu truac day nhung kiln
thitc chii yeu la do hpc dugc a nha
tnrcrng, nguai hpc tiSp thu v^ ling dung
nhung kien thiic do vao dai, thi ngay nay
voi sv phat triin nhanh chong cua khoa
hoc ky thuat, su phat trien manh me
cua cong nghe thong tin, nhiing kien
thiic dS hpc dugc neu khong tiep tuc hpc
t|ip se bi lac hau nhanh chong Cac nha
khoa hoc da noi, nhung kien thuc xa hoi
ma ta c6 hon 500 nam qua, ngay nay c6
the tich hgp vao vai chuc con chip; cung
nhu nhiing kiln thttc ta c6 tu 5 nam
truac den nay da tra nen lac hau neu
khong noi la khong con phii hgp Do
vay, viec hoc tap suot dai la v6 cung can
thiet Nen giao due ma se ddp ling dieu
ay, no tao dieu kien cho mgi nguoi cap
nhat dugc kien thuc moi nhSt de mpi
nguoi CO dieu ki|n phuc vu tot nhat cho
mpi nguai
Su phat triin cong nghe thdng tin, su
thong thao ngoai ngii ngay nay giup
nguai ta c6 thI ng6i cf nuac minh, dia
phuong minh ma c6 the trao doi, ban bac
tham chi hoan thanh cac luSn an khoa
hoc voi nuac ngoai Qua mang internet
con ngufri c6 thI thu th?p dugc v6 so
thong tin va tu do, tu lam giau kien thiic cua chinh minh Nhiing khai quat nSu tren, cho thay hpc tap suot dai chinh la y6u cSu khach quan cho mpi su phat trien hien nay
Chu tich Ho Chi Minh da neu cho tat
ca chung ta tam guang ve hpc tap suot dai Bac Ho do hoan canh khong dugc hpc nhieu 6 truong lap ma tu hpc la chinh, do la net noi bat ve pham chSt cua Bac Trong ly lich tu khai a Dang Cpng san Phap nam 1920 cung nhu tham du mot so hgi nghj va d^i hpi ciia Quoc te Cong san nSm 1924, Bdc deu ghi a phan trinh dp hoc van la t\r hgc NSm 1961, t^i Hgi nghi chuyen de sinh vien quoc te
hpp a nuac ta, Bdc kl: "Vl van hoa t6i
chi hgc het lap tieu hpc" Nam 1959, noi chuy?n tai truang D^i hpc Patgiagiaxan
- Indonesia, Bac ke: khi con tre toi khong CO dip den truang Dai hoc Toi di
du lich va lam vifc, do la truang Dai hgc cua tdi Truang hgc ay da day cho toi khoa hgc xa hgi No day cho toi each yeu, each ghet, yeu nuoc, yeu loai nguoi, yeu dan chu, hoa binh va cam ghet ap buc, bat cong Truang hgc ay da day toi khoa hgc, quan su, lich su va chinh tri Ro rang, bang con duang tu hgc va hpc tap suot dai, Bac Ho da de lai cho chiing ta tam guang c6 mot khdng hai cho cac the he nguoi Viet Nam noi theo
O Bac chi c6 con duang tu hgc trong hoat dpng thuc te va boat dgng each mang Nhung nam thang bon ba 6 nuac ngoai, lam dii cac nghe de song, Bac deu tranh thu thoi gian de hgc tap va nghiSn cuu
Bac da tung noi: "Duong dai la cai thang khong nac chot Vi6c hpc la quyin sach khSng c6 trang cu6i cung" chinh la
phuang cham hgc tap su6t dbi d6i vai
Bac, la lai khuyen d6i voi tit ca mgi nguai, m6i can bg
Trang 3Tu hgc tap va hgc tap su6t dai la mot
luan dilm quan trgng trong tu tudng Ho
Chi Minh vl giao due Ngay trong tac
phim "Duong Kach menh", trucfc each
m^ng thang 8 - 1945 Bac da chi to b6n
nai dl hgc "Hpc trong nha trudng, hgc
trong sach vcr, hpc lan nhau va hgc a
nhan dan" c6 y nghia to 16n trong qua
trinh lam giau kiln thute bing eon duang
hgc tap su6t dcfi ciia ra6i ngudi
Ngay sau khi Cach mang thdng 8
thanh c6ng, Bac da coi vi$c di?t giac d6t
quan trgng va cip bdch nhu di§t giac doi,
giac ngoai xSm Bac da nh|in ra trSn 90%
s6 dan mu chli, thit hgc la mgt qu6c nan
Bac eon canh bao: "MOt dan tgc d6t la
mot dan t6c ylu" Bdc da khich le d6ng
bao: Di hpc la yeu nuac
Tu tuang H6 Chi Minh vl hgc tap
su6t doi da bat g^p xu the cua thdi dai,
khi ma giao due va dao tao da tra thanh
yeu to quySt dinh den tuong lai cua moi
dSn tgc, su phat triin cua m6i mgt quoc
gia trong xu thI toan cau hoa Ngay nay
toan Dang, toan dan ta dang phan dau
hpc tap va lam theo tim guang dao due
H6 Chi Minh trong do c6 viec hgc
thuang xuyen, hgc suot dcri, hgc de biet,
hgc de lam vice, lam giau va tren tat ea
la dl m6i ngudi hoan thanh trdch nhi6m
va nghia vu cua minh Noi chuyen vai
lap nghien cuu chinh tri khoa 1 truang
Dai hgc Nhan dan ngay 21/7/1956,
Nguoi khang djnh: "Hgc la m6t vi§c phai
tiep t\ic suot dai, su6t dai phai gin liln
ly luan vai cong tac thuc te"
2 Xky dirng nen gi^o dye md, thich
irng v&i nhu cau hgc t^p $u6t dM
Nghi quylt Dai hOi dai bilu toan
qu6c lin thu X cua Dang da yeu ciu
"chuySn dan mo hinh gido dye hien nay
sang m6 hinh giao dye md - mo hinh xa
h6i hgc tap va tu tudng H6 Chi Minh vl
hpc tap suot dcri, nhim ndng cao dan tri
tai ph^c v\i c6ng nghiep hoa, hiSn dgi hoa dat nude, nhdt la trong b6i canh nuac ta h0i nh^p ngay cang sau rgng vao nin kinh tl thI gidi" Nghj quylt D^i h0i dai bilu toan quoc Ian thii XI tilp t\ic khing dinh "D6i mdi can ban va toan di?n nin gido dye Viet Nam theo hu6ng chuin hoa, hifn dai hoa, xa hOi hoa, dan chu hoa va hpi nhap qu6c tl" Nhiing quan dilm, nhiing chii truang, quylt sdch
cua Dang vk Nhi nuac ve giao dye vi
dao t^o diu xuit phat tii tu tuong H6 Chi Minh vl hpc tap su6t ddi v6i mOt nin giao dye md
Ngay sau khi viia mdi gianh dugc dOc lap, trong thu guri hgc sinh nhan ngay khai giang, Chu tich H6 Chi Minh
da dat nilm tin: "Non song Vi?t Nam c6 trcf n6n ve vang hay khong, dan tgc Vi|t Nam CO sanh vai vdi cudng qu6c nam chau dugc hay khong chinh la nhd mot phan Ian a cong hpc tap eiia cac chau '
Thich ling vdi nhu cau hpc tap su6t d6i, cin thilt phai dinh hinh m6 hinh giao due mo, coi do la dieu kien bat bupc
de md ra mpt phuang thiic dao tao rpng rai cho mpi ngudi Vdi nhu cau hgc tap het siic Idn va nhan dan ta rat hieu hgc, nham phat trien dat nude va t\r hoan thien minh doi hdi con ngudi cSn cd kiln thiic da dgng, sau rdng, cap nh^t thudng xuySn, khac ph\ic c6 hieu qua sir cham tre hoac Igc hau so vdi su phat trien nhanh chong cua khoa hgc ky thuat Trilt ly ca ban cua gido d\ic xuit phat
tu luan diSm ea ban la con ngudi sinh ra
ai cung c6 quyIn binh dang tdn tai va phat triin Moi con ngudi phai tu than phin diu vi su sinh ton ciia ban than va ddng loai, vi s\r phdt trien ciia ban than
va xa hOi bang con dudng lao dgng sdng tgo v a dl thuc hi$n chan ly gidn di dd
Trang 4con ngudi phai khong ngung hgc hdi
thong qua giao due nhlm nang cao tri
tue, tu duy sang tao de lao dgng cd hieu
qua
Quan diem co ban cua giao due la
giao due mgi ngudi, vi mgi ngudi, cho
mpi ngudi, mgi ngudi dugc quyIn binh
dang hudng th\i thanh qua cua nin giao
due va CO trach nhiem dong gdp xay
dung, phat trien nen giao due do Giao
due duge coi la qua trinh tiln hoa
(evolution), ke thiia cd chpn Igc, tuyet
nhien khong phai la euge each mang
(Revolution) mang tinh dot biln huy
diet
Ngay nay khi nhiing tien bg ciia khoa
hgc - ky thuat, dac biet la cong nghe
thong tin da lam cho the gidi dan trd
thanh mgt the gidi md - kinh t l tri thiic,
vdi nhiing dac tnmg ca ban bao gom su
chuyen dich can true cua nen kinh tl,
tren co sd khong ngirng doi mdi cong
nghe de nang cao chat lugng, nang suat
lao dgng, tao nen su canh tranh hoan
hao Trong dieu kien dd, tiem nang ciia
mdi qude gia khong chi phu thugc vao
tai nguyen thien nhien ma phu thuge chii
yeu vao chat lugng con ngudi, phu tbugc
rat Idn vao khdi lugng tri thuc cua nhan
loai ham chiia trong dai da so dan chiing
ciia quoc gia do, phu thugc vao trinh do
dan tri cua moi quoc gia cao hay thap
Giao due trd thanh van dS song eon eiia
moi quoc gia va nen giao due do tat yeu
phai la nen giao diic md
Khi ta khing dinh dugc rang, su
thanh bai cua moi ca nhan da tao nen
mdi lien kit trong canh tranh Canh tranh
- lien kit khong ehi phu thupc vao trinh
do chuyen mdn nghiep vu ma cdn phu
thude rit nhieu vao yeu to van hoa, pham
chit dao diic, su hilu bilt vl cuoc
song ciia ngudi do V.I Lenin da cho
rang: "ngudi ta chi cd the trd thanh
ngudi cong san khi biet lam giau kien thiic ciia minh tii tong sd kien thuc ma nhan loai tich lily dugc"
B& cd the thau tdm kien thiie ma
nhan loai da tich lily dugc, nhat thiet phai hinh thanh mgt nen giao due md, coi do la dieu kien quan trgng ve giao due, la quan diem ca ban ciia giao due
"Vi mpi ngudi, cho mpi ngudi" Nhin vao qua khii chiing ta da tCrng hinh thanh mpt Dai hpc Md - Ban edng thanh phd Ho Chi Minh, khong chi vdi nhGng ket qua dugc danh gia vao thdi diem do, ma sau nay, dugc nguyen Bg trudng Bg Giao due va Dao tao Nguyen Minh Hien da thua nh^n: "Day la thanh tich rat Idn ciia Dai hgc Md - Ban cong thanh phd Ho Chi Minh va phuang thiic quan ly mdi ciia nha trudng da gdp ggi
md mgt hudng di rat dang de suy nghi ve quan ly dai hgc" Rat tiec "Dai hgc Md -Ban cong hien nay da trd lai gidng vdi cac trudng Dai hgc truyen thong, dieu dd
da di xa muc tieu ban dau"
Nen giao due md ma chiing ta mong mudn dugc nhin thay trong thyc te phai chang can dap ling yeu cau sau day:
Md ra ea hdi hgc tap cho mgi ngudi, khong cd bat ky su phan biet nao ve gidi tinh, dan tpc ton giao, dang phai, thanh phan xuat than ma xuat phat tu nhu cau hgc tap cua chinh hg Giao su, Tien sT Tran Hong Quan, Nguyen Bg trudng Bg Giao due va Dao tao da cho rang; "Nhu cau phat trien dat nude ddi hdi con ngudi can cd nhung kien thiie da dgng, sau rgng va phai cap nhat thudng xuyen, trong khi dd he thong chinh quy la ciia hep Trudc day tdi da tham mpt trudng Dai hge Md d Thai Lan, vdi sd sinh vien len den 370.000 va cd nhiing ddi tugng hgc lam cho ehiing ta ngac nhien, dd la tii nhan, may ngan tii nhan theo hgc chuang trinh dao tao tu xa, hg md kenh
Trang 5cho tu nhan hgc dl sau khi ket thiic han
tu thi kha nang pham tdi it di, hg cd dieu
ki?n trd thanh mdt cong dan tdt."
Nhu vay, giao due md can theo dudi
phuang cham dao tao thich hgp Md
rpng dau vao, kiem soat dau ra Quy
trinh dao tao la qua trinh sang Igc lien
tuc, nghiem tiic, bao dam chi nhung
ngudi dii diSu kien mdi tot nghiep ra
trudng va dl phd cap kien thiic den mpi
ngudi cin sii dung phuang phap dao tao
tu xa vlia hgc viia lam Theo phuang
cham: "Phd cap kiln thiic den mpi ngudi
dan la cai quan trgng, chii khong phai la
dao tao duge bao nhieu bang cap" Hien
nay do nhiing bien tudng tieu cue cua
mpt bp phan can cd bang cap d6 lam
hanh trang cuoc song, gia tri dai hpc md
nhu vura hpc vira lam, hpc tu xa da hi xa
hpi danh gia thap Dieu dd chua diing,
van de la nen giao due dd md ra ca hgi
hgc tap cho bat ky ai, khong phan biet
tudi tac, nghe nghiep va vi tri xa hpi,
theo triet ly va muc dich ve giao due la
hgc de biet, hgc de lam, hgc de chung
song va hge de biet each ddi xu Hgc la
de phat trien con ngudi va tit nhiSn se
gdp phan phat trien xa hgi Xem nhe xay
dung giao due md se lam han hep tri
thiic con ngudi
3 Kltlu^n
Hon 20 nam, kinh te Viet Nam da
chuyen ddi tir nen kinh te tap trung, bao
cap sang nen kinh te thi trudng cd su
dieu tiet cua Nha nude, hgi nhap vao nin
kinh te the gidi De qua trinh hpi nhap
thanh cong, mgt trong nhung di8u kien
ti8n quyet la phai xay dung cho dugc nin
giao due md cho mgi ngudi, biln viec
hpc tap thanh cong viec sudt ddi Q cac
quoc gia dang phat trien da thay ddi quan diem ve giao due: Tu mot nin giao due khep kin, chat lugng cao va chi danh cho mpt sd ddi tugng, chuyen sang nen giao due mang tinh dai ehiing, tao eho mgi ngudi cd dilu kien tiep cgn kien thuc dai hpc Khai niem "md" duge hi6u: Md rgng quy md dao tao, md rpng da dang hda hinh thiie dao tao: Tap trung chinh quy, khdng chinh quy, dao tao lai, viia hge viia lam, dao tao tir xa thong qua cong nghe truyin thong, ciu truyin hinh, mang internet, hgc toan thdi gian, hgc ban thdi gian, md rdng ddi tugng dao tao khdng phan biet tudi tac, gidi tinh, tdn giao, giai cip, va md rgng pham vi giao due: dia phuang, trung uong, qudc
tl hda giao due Dac biet, trong giao due dai hge, viec phan tang muc tieu, chuang trinh dao tao da trd thanh mgt xu the dap ling nhu cau nguon nhan lire da dang trong nen kinh te md, ben canh vdi vi|c xa hgi hda giao due
Lam dugc nhu vay, chac chan tao ra con dudng hgc van dSn tat ca mgi ngudi
va dd la con dudng khai tri nguon nhan luc cho dat nude, gdp phan dang ke cho
su nghiep cong nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nude Trudng Dai hgc Kinh tl Cong nghiep Long An vdi tieu chi: "Tri hanh dgt nhan" se gdp phan cho mgi ddi tugng trong tinh Long An ndi rieng va toan xa hpi ndi chung, duge hgc tap sudt ddi cac chuang trinh dao tao kl ca dao tao hpc phan, tin chi, van bang 2, bdi dudng ngan han, tu xa, liSn ket Rat mong se gdp mgt phan nhd vao viee xay d^ng nin giao due md cho mgi ngudi, gdp phan phat trien ngudn nhan luc cho dit nude trong thdi ky hgi nhap hien nay
Tdi lieu tham khao
[1] PGS.TS Le Van Yen, Bac H6 tdm guang hoc tap sudt dai, NXB Chinh tri Qudc
a - Su that
Trang 6[2], Cao Van Phuang (2010), Dd tung co mot dai hoc ma nhu vay, NXB Van hpc [3] PGS.TS Nguyen Dinh Noan, Hoc, hoc nua, hoc mdi — Hoc de CNH que hucmg
[4] Tap chi Giao due - Xa hoi s6 dSc biet thang 9/2012
[5] (2014), Tap san Khoa hoc - Ky thuiit, NXB Nong nghiep
Ngay nhan: 21/8/2014
Ngay duySt dang: 21/9/2014