QNBHISNCOULILU&N Hdl DONG TRII0NG TRONG VAN DE QUAN TRj DAI HOC d VliT NAM MfiT GOC NHIN TIT QUAN DIEM DOANH NGHIEP PHAM THILT Tnfdng B9I hpc Ngoiin TA Thinli Emaii lypbaiii63egiMll cDm T6m tdt H6i dd[.]
Trang 1Hdl DONG TRII0NG TRONG VAN DE QUAN TRj DAI HOC
d VliT NAM: MfiT GOC NHIN TIT QUAN DIEM DOANH NGHIEP
PHAM THILT Tnfdng B9I hpc Ngoiin TA Thinli Emaii: lypbaiii63egiMll.cDm
T6m tdt: H6i ddng trudng Id vdn de tdm diem cua cdi cdch qudn tri dgi hgc d Viit Nam, vi nd dugcxem Id mdt trong
nhiJmg cache quan trgng giup cdn bdng giUa tUchu vd trdch nhiem gidi trinh ciHa nhd trUifng Hdi ddng trudng Id tdchiic ehiu trdch nhiem quyit dinh ve phuang hudng hogt ddng cua nhd trUdng, huy ddng vd gidm sdt viic sddung ede ngudn luc ddnh cho nhd trudng Quy dinh ndy dp dung chung cho cd trUdng dgi hgc cdng vd tU Bdi viit trinh bdy vi Hdi ddng tich: Mdtsd nit tdng quan ve Hdi ddng trudng d Viet Nam; Vdn di Hdi dong trUdng theo quan diem doanh nghidp
Tdkhda: Hdi ddng truimg; qudn tn dgi hge; trUdng dgi hgc; doanh nghiip
(Nhdnbdl ngdy 30/12/2016:Nhdn kit qud phdnbi^nvdchlnhsda ngdy 20/01/2017;Duyitddngngdy 25/02/2017)
1.E>itv£ndl
Hdi ddng trUdng (HDT) l i van de tam d i l m ciia d i
cich quin trj dai hpc (DH) d Vifit Nam, vi nd dUOc xem l i
t u chu v i trich nhifim giii trinh ciia nhi trudng Tuy viy,
theo doi diln tiln phit triln eua thuc t i l n giio due dai
hpc (GDDH) trong vdng mdt t h i p kt qua, ta sfi nhin thay
budc tiln ding k l Dilu niy cd nhilu If do, nhung chu
cin khii ni^m HDT nhu mpt co c h l quyin luc don thuan
Bii vilt niy trinh biy mdt cich t i l p can khic ddi vdi van
d l HOT tir gdc nhin ciia quin tri doanh nghifip
2 Tdng quan v l v^n d l Hdi ddng trUdng d Vifit
Nam
2.1 Vdi nit vi Ifch sU
Td nim 1975, khi hai miln Nam Bic thdng nhat, t i t
c i cic trudng OH trong ei nudc dupc d i t dudi su quin
lifin quan v i chinh quyin d p tinh (gpi ehung la CO quan
chu quin) theo md hlnh quin ii t i p trung cua kinh t l
k l hoaeh hda Md hinh niy khdng chda dung khii nifim
HDT Co quan chu quin d i m nhiem viec linh dao t i t c i
cic trudng
Khii nifim -HDT" l l n d l u tifin dupc dua ra ehfnh
thdc trong Dilu le Trudng OH nam 2003 duae t h i c h l
hda trong Luit Giio dye (GD) n i m 2005 tat Dilu 53, sau
dd duoc chi t i l t hda d Dilu 14 v i 16 Luit GDDH n i m
2012, v i Oilu lfi Truimg OH n i m 2014 Cho d i n nay,
ngoai trd eic trudng ngoii cdng l i p duong nhifin cd Hdi
dfing quin tri (HDQT), viec thinh l i p HDT d trudng cdng
rit Cham v i khd khin Tuy nhifin, trong thuc t l , mdt t h i p
nifin sau kht v i n de HDT l l n d l u tifin dupc d l cip n i m
2003 sd tn/dng cdng thinh l i p dupc HDT ehi d i m trfin
d i u ngdn tay, chua ndi tdi vific hp lam duoc gi va ddng
gdp gi cho sU phit triln cOa n h i trUdng Bd GD&DT cho bilt, d i n t h i n g 09 nam 2016 cd 14 trudng OH da thinti
l i p HDT, chua ke 2 DH Qudc gia v i 3 DH vimg
2.2 Hdi ddng trUdng/Hdl ddng qudn trf vi mit phdplf
Luit GD quy djnh HDT l i td chCtc "chju trich nhi^m quylt djnh v l phuong hudng hoat ddng cda nhi trudng, huy ddng v i g i i m s i t viec sd dyng cic ngudn li^c dinh trudng OH cdng v i tU
Luit GDOH phan bifit chd^c ning v i t h i m quyin cda HDT trong cie trudng cdng l i p (Dilu 16} khic vdi HDQT trong d c trUdng t u (Dilu 17) Nhdng dilm khic bift nhusau:
Nhifim
vu
Thinh phin Tifiu chuin chdtjch Cich
bd nhiem
HDT (khdng cd quy djnh tUdng tu)
(khdng cd quy dinh tuong ty) Bing tiln si v i 5 nim kinh nghifim quin If)
Do CO quan ehu quin nhi trudng
bd nhi^m
HDQT ThUe hifin nghj quylt cOa dai h$i cd ddng, quylt nghj nhCtng vin d l nh3n
su, t i i ehfnh, t i l sin Bao gfim d^i di$n ed ddng, phuong
Bing OH
HCX^ biu qua t>d philu Thinh phd cdng nh|n
2.3 Vin tri H6I Mng trutmg/H^I tfinj quin trf trong tht/c ti
KhSo sit so b^ do li^u tir cSc truang OH da c4 HDT cho thSy, d#i b0 phan thSnh vi4n HDT lii ngi/di trong
l i hiSu tn/6ng (HT) (tnrdng hop thinh IJp trudc nSm
Trang 22014), hoic bi thu d i n g uy (trudng hpp thinh tap sau
n i m 2014)
Ghi n h i n cua gidi nghien ciJtu cho thiy, Iinh dao
d c truong cdng khdng mudn ttiinh l i p HOT Ho coi
d o giim sat cda Oy ttan Vin hda, GD, Thanh nifin, Thilu
440 tnicmg DH - cao ding, chi ed chua tdi 10 trudng cd
HOT Trfin thuc t l , cac hdi ddng niy gan nhu khdng hoat
ddng, d c thanh vien ngoii trudng h l u nhu khdng du
phifin hpp nio, khong cd bat cd hoat ddng gi trif sU
hien difin tai phifin hpp edng t)d quyet dinh t h i n h tip
hdi ddng"
HDT l i ktiii nifim du nhap tir thuc tien q u i n trj
cua phuong fay vdi mong mudn i p dyng nhdng kinh
nghifm t h i n h cdng cua d c trudng OH tdt tren t h i giiM
kifin Vifit Nam thi nd khdng cdn chdc nang chu y l u ciia
HDT nhutrong d c trUdng OH phUong Tay nua Hon nOa,
ap dung nhimg chdc nang nhu viy Mdt d i l m tdiic bifit
cd t h i thiy rat rd t i mdt trong nhutig nhiem vy quan
trc-^g^)ienhat HDT6 phucmg Tiy l i tuyin dyng/sa t h i i
H\, trong khi dd HDT d Vifit Nam chua cd quyin han nay
Cung d n ghi nhln mdt budc t i l n l i cho d i n nay mic
d p eao cua n h i trudng, tiDT d i ed quyin 'gidi thifiu
nhin sU" d l cO quan cd t h i m quyen tid nhifim v i ' k i l n
nghj mien nhif m'tren co sd td chdc lay philu tin nhifim
Thfim v i o dd, D i l u ie da cd quy djnh Chu tjch I ^ T khdng
kifim nhifim chUc vy HT hay phd HT, trinh duoe tinh
trang "vira da t>dng vUa thdi c d i ' d i timg xiy ra trudc diy
Tuy viy, HOT d trudng cdng lai do HT d l xuit thinh l i p
d l CO quan t h i m quyin ra quylt dinh cdng nhin, hoan
chpn v i bd nhifim HT
Cd t h i ndi, trich nhifim cua HDT khdng g i n vdi
t h i m quyin tuong xdng da tao ra tinh trang 'banh xe
thd n i m ' eua HDT nhu ta thay hifin nay, va i i nguyen
nhin cho d i n nay v i n ed nhilu truimg DH chua thanh
l i p HOT Thing 2 n i m 2015, Bd GID&DT da cd Cdng v i n
sd 69/BGDDT-TCCB d l nghj cic trUdng khan tarcmg
t h i n h l i p HDT theo quy dinh, chim nhit trong quy II
nam 2015 Tuy nhien, cho d i n nay mdi chi ed 14 trudng
thanh lap dupc HDT, n l u khdng k l DH Qudc gia v i OH
vimg
d eic trudng tU, cho d i n nay tat d eic trudng tU
thinh l i p trude nam 2014 hoac chuyen ddi tU trudng
t>in cdng hay d i n tap d l u duoc mac dinh xem l i trudng
thu tyc xin cdng nhin l i trudng khdng vi M nhuan Vi
t h i , HDQT d eic trudng nay da hinh thanh tn/dc khi
Dilu lfi TfUdng DH 2014 ra ddi, va dupc t h i l t lap dUa
trfin Quy c h l Td chUc v i Hoat ddng Trudng TU thuc, ban
63/QD -TTg Quy c h l niy eoi trUdng tU nhU mdt doanh
nghiep, do do HOQT dupc t a u ra tai dai hdi cd ddng v i
Bd GI3&DT chi ra quyet djnh cdng nhan Quy che niy ddi
gdp cd F^an d mdt mdc nhat djnh v i t r i i vdi cic v i n b i n
v l sau, ktidng yeu cau HDQT p h i i cd nhiitng thanh phan khdng phai l i cd ddng Vi t t i l , nd chu yeu l i tieng ndi cua
cd ddng, l i eoquan quyin tUc cua gidi chii trudng Hifin trang niy van keo dai cho den nay mac dii nd khdng cdn
phu hpp vdi eac quy dinh ve HE)QT neu trong D i l u lfi
n i m 2014, nhung Bd GD&DT cung khdng yeu d u d c
t i t nhfjfng tdn tai trong v i n d l HDT d Viet Nam nhU sau:
1 / d tnjdng cdng, tham quyen ciia HDT khdng nhat
quan vifi traeh nhifim, vi viy khdng cd co c h l b i o d i m
dupc xic ^Rnh, do dd ddng luc de l i m tdt nhifim vu cung khong rd
2/ 6 trudng tu, HDQT chu yeu la t i i n g ndi cua cd ddng, khdng p h i n i n h day du tieng ndi v i lot fch cua eac tifin lifin quan
3/ 0 c i trudng edng va tnidng tu, ddng gdp cua
HDT/HOQT cho viec tao ra gia trj cua n h i trudng d l u khdng rd Trong thyc t l hifin nay d Vifit Nam, HDT v i n mang tfnh d i l t trang trf cdn HDQT thi n i n g v l chdc ning q u i n IL
4/ 6 d trudng cdng v i trUdng tu HDT/HOQT chUa thuc hifin ducK vai trd tao ra su d n b i n g gida tU chu va trich nhiem g i i i trinh mdt phan la do cd r i t ft thinh vifin
nd mdt d c h ehuyfin trich Phin Idn i i cdng t i c kifim nhifim v i d e vai trd thudng bj l l n ldn vdi nhau NhCmg v i n de trfin d i y khdng chi l i hfi q u i eda khung chinh sach v i quy dinh hiln hinh v l q u i n tri iTUdng DH m i cdn l i k i t q u i cich nhin thUc cua chung
ta v l vai trd thUe sU cua HOT/HOQT va khi ning ddng gdp cua nd trong su phit t r i l n cda n h i trudng Vi t h i phan t i l p theo cua b i i v i l t nay sfi trinh biy mdt gdc nhln khic v l vai tro cua HOT/HOQT v i giii thfch bing d e h nio td chUc niy cd the ddng gdp v i o vific tao ra nhCtng
g i i trj mdi cho sU phit t r i l n eua n h i trudng
3 Hoi ddng trUdng/Hoi ddng q u i n trj theo quan diem doanh nghifip
Quin tri dupc hieu l i n h i ^ g co c h l nhim hudng dan v i kilm soit mdt td chdc [3] Quin trj doanh nghiep thuc chat la van d l ai, hoic d i gi ddng vai trd chi phdi
q u i trinh ra quylt djnh
3.1 Cde md hinh qudn tri
Theo Morten Huse [4], cd tmn kiiu djnh nghTa v l quin trj doanh nghifip: kieu "quin If" kiiu 'quyin luc tdi cao cua cd ddng' kieu ' h i i hda cac bfin lien quan" v i kiiu
'hucmg tin myc tifiu mdt cich ben vdng va dn djnh'
Kieu q u i n trj khdng chi phu thudc vao tfnh chat cua doanh nghiep, ma cdn la nhan thdc v l nd Ngiy nay, trich nhifim x i hpi ciia doanh nghifip ngiy cang duoc thfi vdi nhdng td chdc cd tam nhin d i i han, k l c i khi
Trang 3chde nang cua ho la sin xuat hay kinh doanh
NhCtng dien t i l n va thay ddi trong quan d i l m v l
quan tri ndi chung v i vai trd ciia HDQT ndi rifing trfin t h i
dpng cung nhugidi hpc g i i trUde nhdng vy scandals cho
thay su bat eip eOa md hinh truyen thdng (kiiu ' q u i n li"
v i 'cd ddng") Trudc diy, md hlnh quin trj doanh nghiep
chu yeu thien ve md hinh 'quyin luc tdi thUOTig cua cd
ddng' trong do nha dau tU ddng vai trd linh dao, cdn
l i phucmg tifin d l thuc hifin quyin tue ay trong viec dan
d i t doanh nghifip
Lin sdng thd nhat ddi thay ddi d e h nhin ddi vdi
HDQT b i t dlu t d chinh cie nhi d l u tU d i i han Hp cho
ring HDQT khdng nfin chl la vat trang tri chi cd mdi
chdc ning ddng dau Ifin nhCtng v i n b i n ma gidi q u i n If
nghifip, tuyen dyng v i dinh gta kit q u i l i m viec eua cic
nhi quin li dilu hinh doanh nghifip
Lin sdng thU hai niy sinh dUcri tic ddng cua t o i n
d u hda va cua cdng nghfi thdng tin Cac doanh nghifip
ngay cing cd tfnh chit toan clu v i c6 philu cua nd dupe
nilm y i t trfin sin chdng khoan khip ncri tren t h i gidi,
mdi quan t i m cua co ddng khdng cdn chl i i cfi tii'e nhU
trudc m i cdn l i gii cua cd philu Cic doanh nghifip
khdng phil cht d n thu hut ngudi tifiu thy hing hda/djch
vy, m i cdn nhim tdi thu hut d c nhi dau tu Nhu d u ve
eic nhi quin If cd t i i v i mdt co c h l hieu q u i cho q u i n
t i l p cua nhi d l u tu trd nfin m?nh me hon bao gid hit Vi
t h i , md hinh cac nhi diu tu true t i l p chi phdi hoat ddng
cua doanh nghifip trd nfin md nhat hon
3.2 NhCmg bdt cdp trong md Mnh qudn trf doanh
nghiip truyin thdng
Trong md hinh 'quin li' thinh vien HOQT bfin
ngoii thudng l i do cie nhi quin tf d p cao (CEO) lua
chon, vi t h i hp phuc vy cho Ipi ich cua cic CEO Cic nhi
diu tu, ed xu hudng theo ehii nghia ca hdi v i ngin han
(shortemism) t h i hien qua sy tap trung v i o vific lim
t i n g g i i trj co philu thay vi tap trung vao phit triln
cdng vific chfnh (core business) cua doanh nghifip [5] Hai
thU niy khong nhat thilt m i u thuan nhung nhilu khi
lifin quan khic, nhdng ngudi cd xu hudng g i n bd vdi
doanh nghifip v i hudng lpi td nhimg lpi ich dai han eua
x i hdi Dilu niy phi hiiy ddng luc l i m viec cua hp va lim
giim hifu q u i hoat ddng eua doanh ngliifip,
Chung tdi mufin nhln manh ring, ngay d trong
quin tri doanh nghifip, xu hudng tuyet ddi hda vai trd
xu hudng cin bing v i hudng tdi phat trien b i n vdng
bing cich nhln manh sU tham gia cua cac bfin lifin quan
khic nhau, nhim quin li d c mau thuan lai fch v i hai
hda tifing ndi cua d c ben U do l i vi kiiu quin trt niy
chd trpng tdt quan hf tucmg t i c giOa cic bfin v i cic ylu
td, tdc l i mpt d c h t i l p eln tdng t h i thay cho d c h tilp can cd tfnh chit cue t)d v i chia d t trong md hlnh'quin
l i ' v a md hlnh "cd ddng" vl t h i nd td ra thfch h ^ hem
va cd hifiu q u i hon trong trai d n h ngiy d n g phCtc t^p ngiy nay Myc dfch tdi h i u cua doant) nghifip t i t nhlfiti
la tao ra Ipi nhuin, nhdng vific t i p trung mdt d c h thiSn Ifch vao nhdng mye tifiu n g i n han sfi cd t h i l i m t i n t^t tdi cic myc tifiu d i i han Dd l i If do cic doanh nghifp
d i m Ipi ich d i i han
Kieu "eac bfin lifin quan"vi kiiu " b i n vCtng'ddi hit nhdng vai trd v i trich nhiem cda HOQT khie vdi trudc diy O l dat dupc sU can b i n g n h i m v i o sU phit triln dai han cda td chdc, HDQT p h i i ddng vai trd lanh daovi giam sat cdng vific eda bd p h i n q u i n If d p cao Hp phii
l i ngudi tao ra v i b i o v f cic g i i trj cda td chii'c Trong hai
md hinh niy, q u i n trj khdng chi cd nghTa l i sd hull, kilm soit, khfch lfi hay trimg phat m i cdn l i phin bd thitn
quyin quylt dmh, xic l i p v i b i o ve c&c chuin myc gii
trj
3.3 Nhiim vu cda Hdl dong qudn trf
Nhifim vy dupe dy thic cho HDQT r i t khic nhau, tuy theo kiiu doanh nghifp, quy md, bdi d n h v i nhit
l i tdy theo n h l n thdc cda chu doanh nghifp Lf thuylt
v l quyin t i i sin [property rights theory) phin bift quyin
nhilu ed ddng, n l u mdi cd ddng d l u tham gia vio tifng
quylt djnh cua doanh nghifp thi chi phf cho vifc 66
se khiln vific quin trj trd nfin khdng hifiu qui VI thi, HOQT dupe xem l i d^i difn cho nhdng ngUdi chd sd hOtJ doanh nghifp Theo quan d i l m cCia If thuylt quyin til tdc nhdng ngudi n i m gid quyin sd hCtu t i i sin dfii vdi doanh nghiep, thdng qua kilm soit hoat ddng ciia nhdng ngUdi d i l u hlnh doanh nghifip
Trong kht dd, d md hlnh "cic bfin lien quan", HOQT khdng chl dai difin Ipi fch cCia cd ddng m i cdn d^l diftt cho nhu'ng ben lien quan khie Hp l i nhdng ngUirt dem thdng tin cd tinh chit chiln lupc [6], [7], [8] Tnidng h^p tdi Uu l i nhdng ngUdi niy n i m gid vific kiem soitdoanli nghifp Lifu cd ddng cd n h i t thiet l i ngUdi ddng gdp
g i i trj gia t i n g cao n h i t cho doanh nghifip, chju riit ro Idn nhat vdi that bai cua doanh nghifp, v i l i ngUdi nim gid nhdng thong tin chiln lUpe hay khdng, l i dilu vSn edn g i y tranh cii
Cd ddng trong eic doanh nghifp l i cic nhi diu tU
va hudng tdi loi nhuan T h i nhung trfin t h i gidi hp dang ddng dieu hanh doanh nghifp v i thay t h i md hlnh niy bing eich tuyin dyng mdt HDQT ehuyfin nghifip nhifn mang tdi su chuyen nghifp, t h i can bing, trang thil fin dinh, hifiu q u i , v i Ipi nhuin nhilu hon VI t h i , khfing
cd li do gi cic trudng DH Vifit Nam lai khdng hucimg tfit
Trang 4vific xem x i t CO cM HOT/HDQT theo quan diem doanh
nghiep, n h i m t i m d i o cac trudng trd nfin cd hifiu qua
hon, die bifit l i trong l>di d n h canh tranh toan d u hien
nay
3.4 Vdn de Hdi dong tn^mg/Hdi O^g qudn tri
trortg cdc trudng dgi hgc dUdI gdc nhln doanh nghiip
0 1 ed ldc ve m i t chfnh sich, trudng DH t u d Viet
Nam gan nhu dupc ddng n h i t vdi cac cdng ty cd phan\
v i trong thuc t l hien nay van dang l i nhu viy, mac du
chinh sich niy hifin nay da duge difiu chinh^ Thuc te
nhdng nam gan day cho thiy mau thuan lien tyc xiy
ra d d c truimg DH t u mdt ptiin la vl cie quy djnh nhi
nudc ddi vdi vifc q u i n tri d irudng t u khdng ngCtng m i u
thuin tan nhau Trong khi van d l d trudng t u l i HOQT ed
iai, tdc tinh chit'trang tn" eua HDT Trong d haitrUcmg
hpp, HDT/HDQT d i khdng mang tai g i i tn gia t i n g cho
n h i trucmg
Trong eo d u doanh nghifp, du l i md hlnh nao thi
sy dde l i p gida HDQT v i CEO v i n l i mdt die tfnh mic
dinh, nhin t d quan d i l m chdc ning Viec thinh vifin
tiOQT kifim nhifm chdc vy trong hf thdng d i l u hinh da
l i m h^n chl, neu khdng ndi l i mat hln khi nang tuduy
v i hinh ddng (nhu tip d i n g lfi p h i i li) trong cuong vi
HDQT
VI sao nhu vay? Cin phin bifit quin tri {governance)
v i q u i n If [management) Quin trj l i tao ra sd mang,
muc dfch, t i m nhin v i hudng di cua td chdc, cung nhu
xiy dung chinh sich, giim sit vifc sd dung ngudn tUc
v i d l u tu, g i i m sit vifc thuc hifn chiln lUpc cua d td
chdc Trong khi dd, quin li la td chdc thUc hifin sd mang
cda dem vi, I I b i l n k l hoach chiln lupc v i dinh hudng
cda td chdc thinh hifin thuc k>lng eich xiy dung dpi
HDQT l i q u i n tri cdn vai trd eua HT, tUOng tU nhU CEO
cua doanh nghifp l i q u i n If
Nhifm vy chfnh cua HOQT la giim sit vific thuc
hifin chien lupc cua HT, d i n h g i i k i t q u i hoat ddng v i
dang thuc hifin nhdng myc tifiu d i djnh, l i ngudi quylt
djnh t>d nhifm, sa thii, cung nhumUc luong cua HT,
Mic du c i hai vai trd l y d l u hUifmg tdt su thjnh
vupng v i phit t n l n cua doanh nghiep/nhi trudng, khi
ning xung ddt Ipi ich gida hai vai trd niy rit de thiy hTT
cung nhu d c CEQ phii thuc hifn trich nhifm giii trinh
trudc HDQT Nlu thinh vien HOQT ddng thcri l i thinh
ho v i giai trinh trich nhifim vdi chinh mlnh lifu cd cdn y
nghia gi nCta? Luu y ring Ipi fch cua cic CEO khdng phai
lue n i o cung trung khdp via Ipi ich cua d td chdc ke ca
khi tip ddng thcri la chu sd hCtu Dilu niy lai d n g dung
1 Quy c h l t d chiJK v^ Ho^t dbnglnibng £A\ WS t h i ^ ban hdnh theo
QuyA dinh 61 v4 di4u chlnh b i n g Quylt dinh 63/QO-TTg
2 D i l u \ti Tnjemg E>H ban h i n h vAm 2014 da han c h l n ^ t phSn
q u y i n q u y l t tfinh cua c£ d6ng c i trong hai loai hinh vl loi nhudn vd
khdng v) kn nhu^n
trong trudng hpp td chdc l y l i mdt tnidng DH Vi ngiy nay trudng OH khdng cdn dUoe xem nhu'thinh dUdng' hay t h i p n g i ' nhu xUa, m i l i mdt td chde eua cac ben
t h i n h vifin HDQT va HT/CEO, chiing ta khdng cd y djnh
dupc thi ben kia mit, trai lai, diinh sii khdc nhau cda hai vai trd ndy bdo ddm cho sU bS sung Idn nhau cua
nd Vific thucmg xuyen phii g i l l trinh trich nhifim trude
CEO, t r i i lai d i t hp vao mdt tinh the phai nd luc khdng ngimg va k i t qua la chat lupng cdng vifc tdt hon cho nha trudng, hay eho doanh nghifip
Do l>in ctilt xung dot ndi tren, n l u nhuthinh p h i n
v i cac thanh vien HDT/HE)QT lai do HT/CEO de xuit (hoac quyet djnh), thi lfi dT nhifin hp sfi lua chpn nhCtng ngudi khdng cd k h i n i n g d i t d l u hdi v l nhdng van d l d i l u tianh cua hp Dd chfnh l i dieu hifn nay chung ta dang trong bd miy d i l u hinh n h i trudng duiig ra td chde thinh tip [Oilu 10 Dilu If 2014); cdn d trudng tU, phin Idn thinh vifin HDQT dang n i m vai trd d i l u hinh, vi viy vai trd l-IDQT cua hp cung d i bj vd hifu hda
Tuy viy sU cd m i t cua HT/CEO trong d c cudc t h i o luin cua htDQT nhilu khi l i eln thiet, t>di vi hp n i m dUpc bdc tranh thuc t l va cd t h i cung c3p thdng tin cht t i l t
l i m CO sd cho nhung d i n h g i i cua HDQT Chfnh vi t h i , Luit GDDH v i cie vin b i n lifin quan hifn nay dang xle
l i p HT nhu mdt thinh vien duong nhifin [ex-officio) eua
t4DT/H€X3T I i dung Tuy nhifin, d l trinh mau thuin Ipi fch, trong d c doanh nghifip va trong nhilu trudng OH
(non-vormg member)
Nhu trfin da de cap, nhOtig nhifm vy hlfn dang dupe quy dinh cho HDT/HOQT cua cie trUdng DH Vift Nam khdng ptiin Inh ddng b i n chit vai trd cua ho v i quy trinh lua chpn, l>d nhifm thanh vien HDQT/HDT cung khdng b i o d i m eho vifc thuc hifin vat trd dd, k l
e l khi vai trd niy d i bj gicri han trong pham vi quy djnh hifin hinh
Dilu quan trong nhat trong vai trd thuc sUcua HDT/ HDQT l i hp cd t h i tao ra mdt ddi trpng ddi vdi nhdng ngudi dilu hinh Ddi trpng tuyft nhifin khdng cd nghTa ddi lip, ngUpc lai nd tao ra vj t h i can bing gida quyin
tu chu v i trich nhifim giii trinh cua n h i trudng N6 b i o
d i m cho sU hai hda v l Ipi fch cua d c bfin, la dieu rut cue
se tdi da hda tpi ich cua tdng bfin
Dieu nay ddng vdi d e doanh nghifp va d n g dung
hon ddi vdi trudng DH Kiem tra cheo [cross-check) khdng
phii la d l d n trd tan nhau m i d l hd trp nhau nhim dat duoc muc tifiu chung Thuc t l cho thiy, khi nhdng ngudi
d i l u hinh phii thudng xuyfin thuc hifin trich nhifim
g i l i trinh cua hp thi hp sfi lim tdt hon nhieu DT nhifin,
d i l u nay chi xiy ra khi thinh vifin HDQT la nhdng ngudi
cd du kiln thdc ning luc v i pham chit cho vai trd cua
hp HDTmOQT v i HT/CEO ehi cd the phit huy dupc vai
Trang 5trd eua hp va ddng gdp tich cue cho td chdc neu c i hai
ben cung chia se mdt he g i i trj, mdt myc tifiu va cdng cd
chung mdt nen t i n g ve kien thdc kinh nghifm, v i n hda
v i giy ra b i t ddng nghifim trpng l i m suy yeu c i td chdc
Viy, thinh vien HOT/HOQT d n phii cd nhCtng ning
luc v i pham chat gl? Nhilu nghien cdu eho thay nhCtng
ning lue quan trpng nhit la kha ning khii q u i t hda, k h i
ning phin tich bdi cinh, k h i nang dinh gia con ngudi
v i tucmg tic vi^ ngudi khic trfin tinh than xay dUng, cudi
cdng l i kha ning hpc hdi Kha nang khai quit hda cho
phep hp nhin thay mdt bdc tranh Idn han v i cd mdt t i m
nhln xa hem 1^1 ning phan tfch t)di d n h giup hp cd t h i
xem xet v i dinh gia dung nhdng v i n d l cda td chdc/
doanh nghifip/nhi trudng trong mdi tUOng quan vdi
nhdng nhin td d bfin ngoai, Kha ning dinh g i i con ngUdi
v i tuong tic hifiu q u i giup hp lua chpn diing nhCtng
ngudi difiu hinh v i cd t h i hpp tic dupe vdi nhdng ngudi
v i hinh ddng trfin eo sd nhifng thdng tin mdi [9]
4 V i n d l cua V i f t Nam
Cho d i n nay, trong cic doanh nghifip tu nhin d
Vifit Nam, md hinh phd biln van l i ed ddng chiln lUpc
n i m vai trd thinh vifin HDQT Dilu niy khdng cd gl la,
cd ddng chiln luoc l i ngudi bd vdn nhilu nhit, tdc l i
thinh bai cua doanh nghifip Hp l i ngudi sdng chfit vdi
loi fch eua doanh nghifp v i b i l t rd nhat nfin l i m gi d l
nim quyin cao nhit trong vifc quylt dinh moi v i n d l
cda doanh nghifip Thfim vio dd, gidi chu khdng d i m
khuynh hudng biln doanh nghifip ttiinh doanh nghifip
gia dinh Md hinh niy khdng phii luc nio cung that bai,
trong bdi einh thilu nhdng thilt c h l d l b i o d i m eho
Idng tin thi nd td ra khi phii hpp Nhung ddi vdi nhCmg
doanh nghifip Idn v i cd tfnh chit phdc tap, die bifit
l i cic trudng DH nd khdng b i o d i m cho thinti cdng,
ngupe lai cd khi nhifiu han chl
Lf luin quin Iri doanh nghifp t d i i u da phin bifit
cic vat ehinh v i ngudi dai difn ciia hp Chii sd hdu, hay
cd ddng l i mdt vai chinh, d e nhi quin If (HDQT v i CEO)
l i nguiri dai difin cua hp Van d l la ai cung cd xu hudng
t i n dung eo h f i v i hinh ddng vl loi ich c i nhin eua hp
Cho d i n nay d Vifit Nam, chung ta ehi thiy cic
doanh nghifp di thufi CEO, hlu nhu r i t it doanh nghifp
thue HDQTchuyfin nghifip NhCtng ngudi khdng n i m giQ
quyen t i i sin nhUng dupc huan tuyfin v i ed nhdng ning
HDQT v i tao ra g i i tri gia t i n g cho doanh nghifip, Tuy
nhien, vifc thufi c i thinh vifin HOQT da trd thinh phd
biln d cic nudc phit triln, vl mdc dd ehuyfin nghifip hda
v i nhCtng ddi hdi r i t eao v l ning luc quin tri da khiln
nhC^g ngudi n i m gid quyin sd hdu nhln ra ring hp se
cd Ipi hon khi thufi nhdng ngudi cd ning luc tdt hon
Thim v i o dd, bj phy thudc v i o quan d i l m cda ngucrt sd hCtu, hp cd t h i khdng nhln ra bdc tranh Idn hem trong the gianh phin Ipi hdm nay cd t h i sfi p h i i t r i g i i ngiy thufi d HOQT sdm mudn gl cung trd t h i n h thyc t l d Vift Nam
Hau h i t cac t i c g i i Vift Nam khi b i n v l md hinli
HOT/HDQT cho d c trUdng DH Vift Nam d l u dya trfn
md hinh phuong Tiy, cho ring thinh viln HDT nfin ctiil
y l u l i ngudi ngoii tnidng v l l i m vifc t ^ nguyfin khdng tuong d l trinh m i u t h u i n Ipi fch [10], [2], [11], [12], [131 Khic vdi hp, t i c g i i b i i v i l t niy cho ring md hlnh HDT cda d c trudng DH phucmg Tiy hoin toin khdng khdng nen q u i n ring dSng sau md hinh quin trj OH ciia phuong Tiy l i mdt bdi d n h v i n i n t i n g xa hdi kinh tl, van hda v i chfnh trj r i t khic vdi Vifit Nam
d Vift Nam, d i i u gl se x i y ra n l u dat bd phfn HOQT
l i nhOmg ngudi ngoii trudng, cd cdng vlfc riing cOa hp, khdng hilu gi v l thuc t l n h i trudng, cung khdng h i ^
gi v l q u i n trj DH, khdng cd du kiln thdc v l vifc mft trudng DH phil v i n h l n h nhu t h i n i o v l l i m t h i nio d l dat dupe mye tifiu; Nhung ngudi chf tham gia HOT nhi/ mdt vifc thifn nguyfn khdng luong trong nhiing gid ril rinh? L i m sao nhCtng ngudi nhU v i y cd t h i ginh trgng trich l i d l u n i o lanh dao n h i trudng, l i m sao hp cd dii ning lUe (hoic thdi gian) d l t h i m t^nh trich nhifm giil ning lyc p h i m chit v i ddi hdi q u i Idn v l sU cdng hiln trudng thyc ra ching cd lifin quan gl true t i l p tdi Ipt fch
d nhin Clia hp?
NhCfng phin tfch trfin d i y t i t y l u d i n tdi m f t nhjn djnh I I , HDT/HOQT trong bdi d n h hifn nay cda Wf t Nam sfi cd mdt vien d n h thyc t l hon khi chung ta nhin vin
d l niy theo quan d i l m doanh nghifip Ndi d c h khic, vai trd thinh vifin HDT/HDQT d n dupc chuyin nghifp hda
Hp phii d i p dng nhdng ddi hdi r i t cao v l phim chit, ning lye v i phii l i m vifc t o i n thdt gian d l hoin thinh khdng can thifp v i o cdng vifc d i l u hinh hing ngiy, ho phii dupc tao d i l u kifn d l am h l l u c i l gl dang diln ra
trong trudng v i trong x i hdi bfin ngoii nhiing dilu 66
cd ^ nghia gi v i n h i truimg eln phii d i p dng nhUthI
nio, Hp I I ngudi b i o v f d c g i i trj co b i n cua td chdc, li ngudi dem lai t i m nhin v i ytudng cho sUphIt triln nhi trudng, cung nhu g i i m sit vific thuc hlfn trich nhifm gili trinh ciia HT Ho tao ra g i i trj gia t i n g cho nhi trudng tifiu v l l i m cho hoat ddng cua HT trd thinh hifu qui hon Vi t h i , hp phii hoat ddng mdt d c h ehuyfin nghlftJ
v i duoe hudng luong mdt d c h xUng d i n g
5 K i t i u i n Djnh ra nhdng myc tieu chiln lUpc I I vifc khdng khd nhung d l dat dupe nd thi khd htm nhilu O l dai
Trang 6dupc nhCnng myc tifiu ly, ngudn tUC (tai nguyen vat ctiat
va ngudi tii) la dieu kifin d n nhung chua dd, Oieu kifin
v i ngudn Iuc dd iai cimg nhau.Quan tie giCfa HDT/HDQT
v i ttr/CEO i i quan tie trpng y l u ntilt trong co d i e nay
dung mdi quan tie n i y dang r i t lung tung Gdc nhin t d
quan diem doanh nghiep va hifiu q u i cua td chdc cd ttie
dem lai mpt d c h tiep d n mdi trong viec g i i i quylt van
mang lai kitqua tdt neu nguiri trong cudc ktidng t i l t d l u
uu d i l m v i han c h l , nhCtng d i l u kifn nao de cd the ap
dyng nhdng md hlnh tiay g i i i F>tiip ly Vl the, chung tdi
hi vpng bai v i l t nay se khdi dau ctio nhdng cudc t h i o
luin hCtu fch v l d u hdi d i t ra ctio vific d i thifin nang tuc
tlnh dao d cic trudng OH Vift Nam, cy t h i t i trong v i n
d l HD'f/HDQT
TAILIIUTHAMKHAO
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cde ca sd gido due dgi hgc cdng lap d nude ta In trong
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ddi vcfi truimg dgi figc In trong Ve Khudn mat mdi eua gido due dgi hge Viit Nam, Tap 2, trang 33-37, NXB Oai hpc
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Ttidng tin va Truyin thwig, tr.204
UNIVERSITY COUNCIL IN TERMS OF UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE
AT VIETNAMESE UNIVERSITIES FROM ENTERPRISE PERSPECTIVE
Pham Thi Ly
Nguyen Tat Thanh Unhrersity Emaih lyphaitt63^inail.com Abstract: University council is a central issue of university governance reform in Vietnam, as it is regarded as an
lmportantmechanismtobalaneeitsautor}omyandaecountability.UniversrtyCcxjrKilisan(>rgan'izati<>n,beingresponsible
hr deading university's activity direction, mobilizirig and monitoring usage of unrversity resources This provision was applied to both public and private universities The article presented university Council at Vietnamese universities from enterprise fjerspective The auttror focuses on analyzing: an overview of university Council in Vietnam; its issue towards enterprise viewpoint
Keywords: University Council; university governance; university; en terprise