Tfp Chi Khoa Hoc Giao Due Ky Thuat (33/2015) Truing Dai Hoc Sir Pham Ky Thuat TRHd Chi Minh PHAT TRitN NANG LtfC SU" DUNG NGON N G C HOA HOC CHO HOC SINH PHO THONG THONG QUA TO CHlTC DAY HOC m^ AN E>E[.]
Trang 1Truing Dai Hoc Sir Pham Ky Thuat TRHd Chi Minh
PHAT TRitN NANG LtfC SU" DUNG NGON N G C HOA HOC CHO
HOC SINH PHO THONG THONG QUA TO CHlTC DAY HOC m^ AN
E>EVEL0PING THE COMPETENCE TO USE CHEMISTRY LINGO FOR HIGHSCHOOL STUDENT THROUGH ORGANIZING PROJECT LEARNING
Trinh IA H i n g P h y m g Tru&ng Dgi hgc Suphgm TP.Hd Chi Minh Ngay toa sojn nh$n bai 8/4/2015, ngay phan bi?n dinh gii 18/5/2015, ngiy chip nhin Sang 01/6/201i
TOM TAT
Td chac dgy hoc du dn a tru&ng phd thdng IdmQt trong nhirng bien phdp khd thi giiip qua trinh phdt triin ndng lire sic dvng ngdn ngir hda hoc (SDNNHH) diin ra nhanh chdng, di ddng
vd dgt hifu qud cao Bdi bao ndy gi&i thiiu qui trinh td chuc dgy hpc du dn theo hu&ng phat triin ndng li/c SDNNHH cho hgc sinh phd thdng dua trin kit qud nghien ciru ve: khdi niem, cdu true, cdc biiu hiin ciia ndng lire SDNNHH vd tudn theo 6 nguyen tdc, 10 bir&c cda qui trinh phdt triin ndng lire
Tir khda: ndng luc, ndng lire sir dung ngon ngii hda hoc, hda hoc, dgy hoc du dn
ABSTRACT
Organizing project learning in high school is one of the many viable methods to help the de-velopment of the competence to use chemistry lingo (TCTUCL) proceed faster, more easily and more efficiently This report introduces the process of organizing project learning toward the development TCTUCLfor student high school based on the research results about: the concept the structure, the manifestations of TCTUCL and in compliance with the 6 principles and 10 steps of the competence developing process
Keywords: competence, the competence to use chemistry lingo, chemistry, project learning
l M d D A U
Hda hgc Id mdn khoa hgc thuc nghiem tir tam Ii nang thanh tich trong thi cii ciing nghia la nd cung cap nhung kiin thiic co ban nhu khdi lugng kiin thiic khdng Id phdi hoan
ve chat ciing nhu cac dinh luat, thuyit lien thanh trong timg giai doan hgc tap Diiu nay quan din su bien ddi cua chit Cd thi thiy da gay khong it khd khan trong viec phdt huy rang ddi tugng nhan thuc ciia bd mdn Hda hgc tinh tich cue, sang tag trong hgc tap ciia cac tuong ddi trim tugng vd vi md De hinh" tugng em De khdc phuc thuc trang tren vd dap ling hda cac ddi tugng nay ngudi ta thudng dung yeu cau phdt triin toan dien nang luc, pham cdc ki hi?u, thuat ngu, danh phdp, phuong chit cua ngudi hgc ma Nghi quyit 29, khoa trinh hda hpc gpi chung la ngdn ngii hda XI (2011) da xdc dinh thi td chiic day hpc dil hgc (NNHH) Nhu vay, nang luc sit dung an la mgt trong nhttng giai phap cd tinh kha thi ngdn ngtt hda hgc (SDNNHH) la mdt trong vd hieu qua trong diiu kien day hgc hien nay nhung ndng luc hpc tap co bdn cin dugc hinh Day Id hinh thiic hpc tap tu diiu khiin-diiu thdnh vd phat triin ngay khi hgc sinh bit diu chinh nghia la ngudi hgc phai cd khd nang tu lam quen vdi hda hgc d trudng phd thdng tim tdi tra ciiu thdng tin tir cac ngudn tdi lieu Hien nay, viec td chiic day hgc theo hudng l^^c nhau nham giai quyit cau hdi, nhi^m vv, phat triin nang luc ndi chung va nang luc "nil hudng hgc tap do giao vidn djt ra hoac SDNNHH d trudng phd thdng chua dugc do hgc sinh tu d i ra trong qud trinh hgc tap
Trang 2Tnr&ng Dgi Hgc Sir Phgm Ky Thugt TP Hd ChiMinh
tu hinh thanh kiin thuc rieng cho ban than tft
nhieu ngudn thdng tin khac nhau dudi sy dan
dat, td chuc vd hudng ddn cua giao vien
N h u vay, ed the thdy rang lgi ich to Idn ma
day hgc du dn mang lai la giup hgc sinh chu
dgng trong viec kham phd, dy dodn, phdt hien
mdi quan he cua cac ddi tugng hda hgc trong
cac tinh hudng, nhiem vu hgc tap khac nhau
Khdng nhung vay, td chuc day hgc du an cdn
giiip phat trien mgt sd nang luc xa hdi cho hgc
sinh, cu thi: nang lye giao tiip, nang luc hgp
tac, nang lye lam viec nhdm,
2 C O s d K H O A H Q C CUA V I E C P H A T
T R I E N NANG LV'C SU" D y N G NGON
N G t T H O A H O C
2.1 Khai niem nang luc s u dung ngon n g u
hoa bgc
'Wdwg /w-c SDNNHH la khd ndng hiiu va
vdn dung ngdn ngft hda hpc (NNHH) d i giai
quyet hieu qua nhimg vdn de ddt ra trong
qud trinh hgc tap vd nghien cicu bo mon Hoa
hgc Ngon ngir dgc tnmg cua bg mon Hoa
hpc la nhirng thudt ngir, ki hieu, cong thirc,
phucmg trinh hoa hoc, danh phdp"" [3] Nang
lye SDNNHH la ndng lye co bdn cd tinh chat
quan trgng cdn dugc phdt trien ngay tu khi hgc
sinh bat dau lam quen vdi mdn Hda hpc
2.2 c d u t r u e n a n g lye s u dung ngon ngir
hda hgc
Dya trdn khai niem ndng lye SDNNHH,
chuang trinh Hda hpc phd thdng, ket qua cua
vice phan tich tdng hgp y kien cua 56 hgc vien
cao hgc chuyen nganh "Li luan va Phuang
phap day hgc bd mdn Hda hpc" khda 23
(2013-2015); khda 24 (2014 - 2016) trudng Dai hgc
Su pham (DHSP) TPHCM va 15 chuyen gia
nganh "Li luan vd Phuang phap day hgc bd
mdn Hda hpc" d cdc trudng DHSP Hd Ngi,
DHSP TPHCM, DHSP H u i chiing tdi da xac
dinh cdu tnic nang lye SDNNHH nhu sau:
Ndu tiep can theo dinh hudng phat trien
ndng lye ngudi hgc thi nang luc SDNNHH gdm: ndng lye tiip nhdn NNHH, ndng lye thuc hanh NNHH, ndng luc thiit lap NNHH Chung tdi ggi day la cau tnic dgc cua nang lye SDNNHH Trong do:
a Nang liec tiep nhan NNHH: Id kha nang
nhdn ra, hieu diing cac khdi niem, quy tdc, dinh luat, bieu tugng, thuat ngii vd danh phdp ciia Hda hgc trong nhiing tinh hudng dinh lugng, dinh tinh xudt phdt tir viec quan sat, giai thich nhung hien tugng, thi nghidm hda hpc
b Ndng lyre thirc hdnh NNHH: la kha
nang sir dung NNHH d i biiu diin, trinh bay mgt cdch ro rang, logic cac bieu tugng, thudt ngft vd danh phap dua tren viec hiiu cdc khdi niem, dinh luat va quy tac cua bd mdn Hda hgc
c Ndng lire thiet lap NNHH: la khd nang
phdt hien vd thiet lap cac qud trinh hda hgc mdi trong hoat dgng thyc hanh NNHH nhdm gidi quyet cde nhiem vu hay tinh hudng da cho
2.3 Cac bieu hl^n cua nang luc su dung ngdn ngir hoa hgc
Dua tren co sd cua vi8c xdc dinh cau tnic ndng luc SDNNHH, dac diem tdm sinh ly ciia hgc sinh phd thdng, chuang trinh Hda hgc phd thdng cimg vdi viec su dung phuang phap chuyen gia, chiing tdi da xac dinh cdc bieu hien cua nang lye SDNNHH ddi vdi hgc sinh (bang 1) nhu sau:
2.4 Ket qua dau ra cdn d^t d u g c ve nang luc sir dyng ngon ngu- hda hoc & cac cdp hgc
De cd CO sd cho vice xay dung thang danh gia ndng lye SDNNH cho hpc sinh phd thdng thi viec tim hieu ket qua dau ra cdn d^t dugc
ve ndng lye SDNNHH d cdc cdp hpc la rdt cdn thiet Theo dd chudn ddu ra cdn dat v i nang lye SDNNHH d cac cdp hpc dugc t h i hien nhu sau [2]:
Trang 3Trudng Dai Hpc SirPhpn Ky Thuat TR Hd ChiMinh
Bdng 1: Cdc biiu hiin cua ndng lire SDNNHH
STT
1
2
3
Nang luc th^nh phdn
Nang lye tiip nhan
NNHH
Nang luc thuc hdnh
NNHH
Nang lye thiit lap
NNHH
Cdc biiu hien cua nang lye SDNNHH
1 Nhdn ra cac thdng tin lien quan cac yeu cdu cua nhiem
vy, tinh hudng hpc tap hda hgc moi
2 Giai thich cac ket qua, sd lieu tu cac nhiem vu, tinh hudng hgc tap hda hgc mdi
3 Tiep thu NNHH tir viec giai thich cdc ket qua, sd lieu cua cdc nhiem vu, tinh hudng hgc tap hda hgc
4 Bieu dien cdc vdn de hda hgc bang ngdn ngft eua bd mdn
5 Ket hgp gifta NNHH vdi cdc ngon ngft eua cac bd mon khac de gidi quyet cac van de hda hgc
6 Xac dinh pham vi sir dung NNHH trong cac tinh hudng hda hpc khac nhau
7 Phdt hien cac cdch su dung NNHH khac nhau vdi ciing mdt ddi tugng trong nhftng tinh hudng hoac nhi$m vu hpc tap
8 Thiet I^p cdc qud trinh hoa hpc mdi phii hgp vdi tinh hudng hoac nhiSm vu hgc tap
9 Thyc hi?n sang tao khi thiit lap qud trinh hda hoc
Bang 2 Kit qud ddu ra cdn dgt dirac vi ndng lire SDNNHH & cdc cdp hoc
Trung hoc cff s(if
a) Nghe vd hieu dugc ndi dung cdc khdi
niem hda hgc co ban, cac ky hieu hda
hpc, cdng thiic, phuong trinh hda hgc,
hmh ve quy tie ggi ten nguyen td,
chit, nhttng hat vi md trong khoa hgc
hda hgc
b) Viit diing cdc ki hieu hda hpc, cong thiic
hda hpc, phuang trinh hda hgc
c) Dgc diing ten cdc nguyen td, chit hda
hgc va neu dugc cdc quy tie ggi ten cdc
nguyen td, chit hda hgc
d) Trinh bdy dugc ndi dung ciia cdc khai
niem hda hgc eg ban, cdc thuyit va dinh
luat hda hpc, cac chit vd tinh chit ciia
cdc chdt
Trung hoc pho thdng i) Nghe va hieu dugc ngi dung cac thuat ngir hda hgc, danh phdp hda hgc va cdc biiu tugng hda hgc (Ki hieu, hinh ve, md hinh cdu tnic cdc phan tu cac chit, cdc lien kit hda h o c )
b) Viet va bieu diln diing cong thiic hda hpc cua cdc hgp chdt vd co va cdc hgp chit hftu ca cac dang cdng thiic, ddng ddng, ddng phan ) Nhan biet va nit ra dugc cdc quy tic dpc ten
va dgc diing ten theo cdc danh phdp khdc nhau ddi vdi cac hgp chit huu eg ) Trinh bay va van dung dugc cdc thuat ngu hda hgc, danh phap hda hgc va hiiu dugc ^ nghTa ciia chiing
2.5 NguySn t i c phdt trien nang luc sir dung
ngdn ngir hoa hgc
De ddm bdo tinh khd thi va khoa hpc trong
viec phat triin ndng luc SDNNHH cho hgc
sinh phd thdng, chiing toi xac dinh mdt sd
nguyen tic cd tinh phuong phdp luan sau:
Nguyen tic 1 Bam bio linh dac thii cda b^ mon Hda hfc
Hda hgc la mdn khoa hgc thuc nghiem,
Trang 4Tnr&ng Dgi Hgc Su Phgm Ky Thugt TR Hd ChiMinh
niem ve chdt ciing nhu sy bien ddi gifta cac
chdt Dieu nay ldm cho ddi tugng nhdn thiic
cua bg mdn trd nen vi md va trim tupng Bdn
canh dd, tdt ca ehiing d i u xudt phat tu cde hien
twtmg, thi nghiem, qui trinh san xudt thyc ti
Vi vdy de dat hieu qud cao trong qud trinh hge
tap va nghien curu hda hgc, ddi hdi ngudi hpc
phai cd nhftng ki nang: quan sdt, phdn tich,
ddnh gia, khdi quat hda, trim tugng hda, De
ddp ling ydu cdu dd, chiing tdi nhan thay rang
viec phat triin ndng lye SDNNHH phdi ludn
gan lien giua Ii thuyet vdi thuc nghiem nhdm
giiip cac em cd cdi nhin chinh xde, sau rgng,
toan dien ve cdc ddi tugng hda hpc
Nguyen tdc 2 Ddm bdo tinh dinh hir&ng
vdo muc tieu cua chtrffng trinh
Muc tieu chuang trinh hda hpc phd thdng la
tao ra mdi trudng thuan lgi de phat trien toan
dien nhftng nang luc, pham chat cua ngudi
hpc thdng qua viec cung cap nhung kien thiic
hda hgc co ban eimg vdi viec ren luyen cac ki
nang dac thii eua bd mdn Vi vay, viec phat
trien nang lyc SDNNHH cho hgc sinh chi dat
hidu qud cao khi cac bien phdp de xudt hudng
vao cac muc tieu v i chudn kien thuc, ki nang
va y8u cdu v i thai dp cua chuang trinh
Nguyen tdc 3 Ddm bdo tinh sir phgm
Nguyen tdc nay yeu cau viec phat trien nang
lyc SDNNHH phai phu hgp vdi dac diem tam
sinh Ii, kha ndng nhan thiic cua tung hpc sinh
Do dd ngi dung kiin thuc, muc tieu day hgc
trong mdi bien phdp can dugc phdn tan va sdp
x i p theo thii ty tft dan gian d i n phuc tap, tu cu
t h i d i n khai quat Diiu nay se phdt huy tdi da
tinh tich eye, nang ddng d hpc sinh ben canh
dd cdn khai day niem dam me, sdng tao ciia
cac em ddi vdi bd mdn
Nguyen tdc 4 Ddm bdo tinh todn difn
D i dam bdo nguyen tdc nay, chiing tdi da
vdn dung quan diem he thdng - cau tnic vao
viec phat triin nang lyc SDNNHH nghia la
mdi bien phdp dugc de xuat deu dya tren mdi
lien he bien chiing gifta cdc nang lyc thanh
phdn ciia ndng lyc SDNNHH, ben canh dd
mdi hoat ddng day hgc phai hudng din muc dich phdt trien tung ndng luc thanh phdn, tdng diem cac nang lyc thanh phdn la cd sd d i danh gia sy phdt trien nang lyc SDNNHH
Nguyen tac 5 Dam bdo tinh thuc tiin
Nguyen tac nay yeu cau viec phdt trien nang lyc SDNNHH cho hgc sinh phdi xudt phat tir vide tim hieu, phdn tich, danh gid thyc trang viec phat tridn nang lyc cho hgc sinh d cdc trudng phd thdng Vi vdy, cac bi$n phap
do chiing tdi de xuat ludn di tir: dae diSm vimg mien, dieu kien c a sd vat chdt, dpi ngu giao vidn, d cdc trudng phd thdng
Ben canh do, nguyen tdc nay cdn yeu cau cdc bien phap phai dugc tien hanh thudng xuyen va lien tuc Day cd the xem la yen cdu chung, bat budc ddi vdi tat cd cac bd mdn, trong do cd Hda hgc De dam bdo nguyen tdc nay khi de xudt cac bien phap can:
- Can cii vao dac diem, cau tnic va muc tieu day hpc cua chuang trinh Hda hpe phd thdng
- Can cir vdo muc tieu cua mdi hoat dgng
ma hgc sinh phai thyc hien trong bai hge; hoat ddng CO ban, hoat ddng thyc hdnh, hoat ddng img dung
- Su dung phuang phap dieu tra bdng bang hdi de tham khao y kien giao vien bd mon Hda hgc d cac trudng phd thdng cimg vdi cac chuyen gia nganh Li luan va phuong phap day hpc bp mdn Hda hpc ve bien phdp da de xuat
Nguyen tdc 6 Ddm bdo tinh khdch quan
vd chinh xdc khi ddnh gid suphdt trien ndng lire SDNNHH
Ben canh viec de xuat cac bien phdp cd tinh hieu qua, khd thi thi can dam bdo tinh chinh xdc, khdch quan khi danh gid sy phat trien ndng lyc SDNNHH De dam bdo nguyen tdc nay thi vi6c danh gid cdn hudng d i n cdc yeu cau sau:
- Thang ddnh gid nang lyc phdi ddm bao tinh chinh xac khi do ludng cac muc do biiu hien nang lyc cua ngudi hpc D i lam dugc dieu nay thi cau tnic cua thang ddnh gid phai
Trang 5Tnr&ng Dgi Hgc Su-Phgm Ky Thugt TPHd Chi Minh
thiit giua muc tieu - ndi dung - phuong phap
- hinh thuc td chiic, cd sy tuang quan hgp Ii
gifta cdc tieu chi danh gid Ben canh dd, tu
ngu dugc dimg trong thang ddnh gid phai d l
hieu va chinh xac ve mat khoa hpc
- Mdi tieu chi danh gia phdi dugc thi hien
bdng cdc diim s i cu the tuong iing vdi ket qua
thyc hien hanh ddng cua ngudi hpc Dieu nay
se dam bao tinh khach quan trong qua trinh
ddnh gia
- Da dang hda va ket hgp cac cdng cy danh
gia khac nhau (ddnh gia qua bai kiem tra, ddnh
gid qua san pham hgc tap, danh gia qua bdng
quan sdt, danh gid qua nhan xet ) nhdm dam
bao dp tin cay khi ddnh gia ndng luc Khong
nhirng the, hgc sinh se cam thay thoa man ve
m^t tinh than, kich thich tinh tich cue trong
hpc tap, cimg cd uy tin, ldng tin yeu cua hgc
sinh ddi vdi giao vien
2.6 Qui trmh phat t r i i n nang luc su* dyng
ngdn ngii' hda hyc
Dya tren co sd Ii ludn, thyc tiin, nguyen tdc
phat trien ndng lyc d tren, chiing tdi xay dyng
qui trinh phat trien nang lyc SDNNHH cho
hpc smh phd thdng nhu sau:
Budc 1 Su dung phuong phdp diiu tra
bang bang hdi de tham khdo y kiin cua cdc
chuyen gia nganh Li luan va phuang phap day
hpc bd mdn Hda hgc ve cdu tnic, bieu hien,
thang danh gid nang luc SDNNHH cho hpc
sinh phd thdng
Budc 2 De xuat cac bien phap phdt triin
nang lyc SDNNHH
Budc 3 Su dung phucmg phap chuyen
gia: xin kien gido vien bg mdn Hoa hpc d cac
trudng phd thdng va cac nha khoa hpc nganh
Li luan va phuang phap day hpc bd mdn Hda
hgc v i cac bien phap da d i xudt Sau do chinh
sua lan dau theo sy gdp y tir cac chuyen gia
Budc 4: Thu nghiem cdc bien phap trong
day hpc hod hpc d trudng phd thong, cu thi
nhu sau:
- Lap k i hoach phdt triin nang lyc SDNNHH
dugc the hien qua gido an, k6 hoach bai hpc mdn Hda hpc;
- Lya chgn cdc phuang phdp day hpc hda hpc, dang bdi, thiet ke giao an, thiet ke nhiem
vu, tinh hudng, bai tdp eho hgc sinh
- Thiit k i cdc cong cu do de danh gia sir phat triin ndng luc SDNNHH
Budc 5: Rut ra nhung bai hgc kinh nghiem sau khi cd kit qud thii nghiem mdi bien phap Budc 6: Su dung phuang phdp thdng ki toan hgc nhdm lya chpn cac bien phap tii
uu, kha thi, hieu qua de phat trien nang lyc SDNNHH cho hpc sinh phd thdng Budc 7: Bd sung, dieu chinh, hoan thien cac bien phap nham dam bao tinh khoa hpc, hieu qua va khd thi
Budc 8: Dua cac bien phdp vao day hpc: to chiic, theo doi, hudng dan hgc sinh thuc hien trong cdc hoat dpng hpc tap
Budc 9: Ddnh gia su phat trien nang luc SDNNHH cua hgc sinh qua cac cdng cu: Bang kiem quan sat; Hd so hpc tap cua hgc sinh; Phieu ty ddnh gia cua hgc sinh; Bai kiem tra Budc 10: Riit kinh nghiem, dieu chinh va hoan thi6n Tiep tuc trien khai cac hoat dpng nham phat trien ndng luc SDNNHH cho hoc sinh phd thdng
3 T O C H f C DAY H O C DlT AN THEO
H l T d N G P H A T T R I E N NANG LV'C SU* DVNG N G 6 N N G t r HOA H Q C 3.1 Khdi niem day hgc d u an
Tu ddu the ky XX, cac nha su pham My da xdy dung co sd ly luan cho phuang phap dy an (Project Method), coi dd la phuang phdp day hpc quan trgng de thuc hien day hpc hudng vdo ngudi hgc nhdm khdc phuc nhugc diem cua day hgc truyen thdng
Day hpc theo dy dn (DHDA) hoac hgc tiieo
du an (project work; project leaming; project
- based leaming) dugc hiiu la mpt phuong phap hay mdt hinh thiic day hpc, trong do ngudi hgc thye hien mdt nhiem vu phiic hgp,
Trang 6Tru&ng Dgi Hgc Sir Phgm Ky Thugt TP Hd ChiMinh
ra san phdm cd t h i gidi thidu Lam viec nhdm
la hinh thuc lam viec co ban ciia day hgc theo
dy an [1],
3.2 Muc dich to chuc day hoc d y an theo
hudng phat triin nang lyc sifr dyng ngon
ngir hda hgc
Dya tren ca sd khoa hpc ciia vice phdt trien
ndng lyc SDNNHH va dac diim day hgc du
dn, chiing tdi da xdy dyng md hinh day hgc
gdm 5 giai doan nhu sau: de xudt chii d i ; xay
dyng ke hoach dy an; thyc hign dy an; bdo
cao sdn phdm dy an; danh gia san phdm dy dn
nham hudng tdi cac mu dich sau:
- Giai doan de xudt chii de la giai doan md
gido vien hoac hgc sinh dua ra nhftng vdn d i
ndy sinh trong qua trinh hpc tap va nghien ciru
hda hgc
- Giai dogn xay dung ke hoffch d^r dn nhim
hu&ng den viec phat trien nang luc tiep nhdn
ngdn ngu hda hgc thdng qua hoat dgng: tim
kiem, chia se, phdn hdi thdng tin vdi cdc ban
trong nhdm, lam co sd de xay dyng ke hoach
thyc hien cde yeu cdu ma dy dn dd de ra
- Giai doan thuc hien dfr dn nhdm hu&ng den vi$c phat trien nang lyc thuc hanh ngdn
ngft hda hpc thdng qua ho^t ddng: phan tich,
xu Ii, ddnh gid, chpn Igc nhiing thdng tin do cac thanh vien trong nhdm thu thdp, chia se, phan hdi
- Giai doan bdo cdo sdn phdm nhdm hu&ng den vi$c phat trien nang lyc thiit lap ngdn ngu
hda hgc thdng qua hoat ddng: trinh bdy, thdo luan, phan bien, de xuat cac hudng gidi quyet vdn de hda hpc khdc nhau cua cdc nhdm
- Giai dogn ddnh gid sdn pham la giai doan
de gido vien va hgc sinh cimg tham gia danh gid ndng luc su dyng ngdn ngft hda hpc thdng qua qua trinh danh gia cdc sdn phdm dy dn
3.3 Cdng cu va thang danh gid sir dyng ngdn ngu' hda hoc khi to chuc day hoc theo d y an
Dua tren mftc dp phat trien ndng lyc SDNNHH cua hgc sinh chuySn hda hgc va dac diem phuang phap day hgc dy an chiing tdi da thiet ke cdng cu danh gia nang lyc SDNNHH cho hgc sinh chuyen hda hpc nhu sau:
Bdng 3 Bdng ddnh gid ndng lire SDNNHH khi to chirc dgy hgc du dn
Nang lyc
thiinh phan
Nang lyc
tiip nhan
NNHH
TiSu chi ddnh gia Ti6u chi 1 Tinh chinh xac
- Su dung chinh xdc ki hieu, cdng thuc, phuong
trinh hda hpc
- Ggi diing ten cdc chat
TiSu chi 2 Tinh khoa hgc
- Lya chgn phu hgp cac phuong phap va
phuang tien hda hgc khi thyc hien dy an
- Xay dung ke hoJich thyc hi§n dy an chi tiet,
logic
Ti6u chi 3 Tinh thong nhat giua h thuyet va
thyc tien
- Van dung kien thuc hda hgc de giai thich cac
ket qua eiia dy an
- Riit ra kien thuc hda hgc mdi sau khi thyc
hien dy an
Diem toi da
10
5
5
10
5
5
10
5
5
Hgc sinh danh gia Gido vien danh gid
Trang 7Tnrdng Bgi Hpc SuPham Ky Thupt TR Hd ChiMinh
Nang lyc
thue hanh
NNHH
Nang lyc
thiet ldp
NNHH
Tieu chi 4 Mirc do thanh thao khi su dyng phuong tifn hda hgc
- Su dung chinh xdc cac thi nghiem hda hgc dd chung minh ket qua ciia dy an
- Su dung chinh xac cdc phuang trinh hda hgc de chiing minh cac ket qud cua dy dn
Ti8u chi 5 Muc do thanh th^o khi sur dyng kiin thirc lien mdn
- K i t hgp linh boat gifta ngdn ngft hda hgc vdi ngdn ngft cua bd mdn khac de thyc hien dy an
- K i t hgp linh hoat gifta phuang phap hda hgc
vd phuong phap bp mdn khdc de thyc hien dy
dn
Tieu chi 6 Mii-c d$ chinh xac khi dua thgm nhirng tri thuc hda hgc
- Tinh chinh xac khi dua them nhung kien thuc hda hgc trong qua trinh thyc hien dy an
- Tinh chinh xdc khi dua them nhiing phuang phap hda hgc trong qud trinh thyc hien dy dn
TiSu chi 7 Tinh da dang khi thyc hi^n du an
- Su dung da dang cac jthuong tien hda hpc (gidy chi-thi, thudc thir, gidy van nang, mlu thir, thi nghiem, ) de giai thich kit qua dy an
- Su dung da dang cac phuong phap hda hpc (phdn tich dinh tinh, dinh lugng, trao ddi ion, sdc ki, trdc quang, ) de thyc hien dy an
Tieu chi 8 Tinh mdi khi thyc hien d y an
- De xuat mdi qui trinh thyc hien dy an
- De xuat mdi cdch thyc hien du dn
Tigu chi 9 Tinh kha thi khi thuc hi^n d y an
- Su dung hda chdt it nhdt khi thyc hien du an
- Thyc hien dy dn trong thdi gian ngdn nhdt
Ti£u chi 10 Tinh sang tao khi thyc hi^n d y dn
- Cdi tien cdch su dung phuang tien hda hgc
- Cdi tien cdch su dung phuang phdp hda hgc
Tong diim
10
5
5
10
5
' 5
10
5
5
10
5
5
10
5
5
10
5
5
10
5
5
100
Trang 8Tru&ng Dm Hgc Su Pham Ky Thugt TP Hd ChiMinh
Tren c a sd thiit k i cdng cy va thang ddnh
gia nang lyc SDNNHH khi su dung phuong
phap day hgc du an, chiing tdi dua ra cdc ket
luan v i ndng lyc SDNNHH nhu sau:
Bdng 4: Cdc kit hgn ve nang luc SDNNHH cua
hgc sinh chuyen hoa hgc img vai cdc so diem
Diem
TuOdin 19
Tir 20 din 49
Tu 50 din 79
Tu 80 den
100
Ket luan
Chua cd khd ndng sft dung
NNHH
Su dung NNHH trong cac
trudng hgp don gidn
Co kha ndng su dung NNHH
trong mgt sd trudng hgp phiic
tap
Su dung thanh thao NNHH
trong hgc tap
3.4 Tien trinh td chuc day hgc d y an theo
hudng phat trien nang lyc su dyng
ngdn ngu hoa hgc
Bud'c 1 De xuat chii de
- Cdn cu vao muc tieu, ndi dung day hgc
hay cdc vdn d i nay sinh trong qua trinh hgc tap,
giao vien hay hgc sinh cd the de xuat cdc chii
d i hudng vao cdc muc dich: md rdng, cimg cd
kiin thuc, dn tap, kiem tra, gido due thai do,
tim b i i u lich su hda hgc, Cac chii de cd the
td chuc day hoc dy an trong chuang trinh Hda
hgc ldp 10 THPT chuyen nhu: Xac dinh cdc
nguyen td vi lugng trong ddt hoac nude, xac
dinh muc do d nhiim ngudn nude, dp chua dp
man cua ddt d cac vimg khdc nhau,
- Giao vien dua ra cdc yeu cau, nhiem vu
cu thi, cimg nhung dieu kien can thiet de hgc
sinh tiin hanh thyc hien dy dn
B u ^ 2 Xay dyng ki hoach thyc hien dy dn
- Gido vien hudng dan hgc sinh xdc dinh
ndi dung, yeu cau, dia diem, ke hoach thyc
hien cua du an nhu: thdi gian Id trinh, phuang
tien vdn d i sinh boat, thdng tin can thiet ve
hien trudng, dung cu hgc tap, phuang tien ho
tra phdn cdng nhiem vu cho mdi cd nhan
- Hgc sinh dy kien phuang phap thyc hien
dy an (quan sdt, phdng van, lay mau vat ) va
hinh thftc lam viec (nhdm hay cd nhdn)
den dy an de hpc smh tu chuan bi cac kien thftc hda hgc can thiet
Budc 3 Thyc hien d y an
- Giao vien hudng ddn hgc sinh each thftc hpc tap tai hien trudng: cdch quan sat,
^ i chep nhiing ngi dung can thiet, ve so dd, lay mdu vat Vi du: khi td chuc day hgc dy
an lien quan den chu de tim hieu sy d nhiem cua ngudn nude, giao vien can hudng ddn hgc smh each quan sat ve cdc dang dia hinh de tim ra nguyen nhan, chup dnh tu lieu, lay mau nude d cac thdi diem vd dia diem khdc nhau
- Hgc sinh thyc hien theo hudng dan cua giao vien, tdn trgng ndi quy, quan sat, ghi chep, thdo ludn va trd Idi cac cdu hdi cua giao vien dat ra
- Chia se thdng tin vdi giao vien va cac thanh vien trong nhdm trSn Internet de nhan dugc sy gdp y, hd trg trong qua trinh thyc hien
d u a n
Budc 4 Bao cao san pham d y an
- Giao vien hudng din hgc sinh xay dyng
de cuang bdo cao, dinh hudng ngudn tai lieu thu thap
- Hgc sinh tien hanh thu thap tai lieu tii cac ngudn: Sdch giao khoa, tu lieu tham khdo, tap chi, ngudn thdng tin tu Internet
- Giao vien hudng dan hgc smh each xft Ii, sdp x i p thdng tin tu lieu trudc khi tien hanh viet bao cao
- Hpc sinh tien hdnh viet bao cao theo cdc yeu cau sau: ten vdn de, dia diem, thdi gian
vd muc dich, nhiem vu cu the cua boat ddng, trinh bay ket qua thyc hien dugc)
- Hgc sinh se bao cao vao mdt thdi gian da dugc gido vien dn dinh trudc dd
Budc 5 Danh gia san pham d y an
- Giao vien (GV) va cdc nhdm khac su dung phieu danh gia nang lyc su dung ngdn ngu hda hgc (bang 3) de danh gid sdn pham dy
an cua nhdm Trong dd:
Diem bdi bdo cdo ^ (Diem trung binh edng cua cdc nhdm cham + Diem ciia GV chdm)/2
- Danh gid rieng cd nhan: phdn diim nay
do nhdm tu chdm tu muc 1,2,3; GV chdm muc
Trang 9Tnrdng Bai Hpc Su Pham Ky Thuat TR Hd ChiMinh
Bang 5: Thang diem ddnh gid cd nhdn
STT
1
2
3
4
5
Y§u cau
Thdi do hgp tdc
Hoan thanh nhiem vu
Cd mdt trong nhung ddng gdp ndi bat:
- Tim kiim nhttng tu lieu quan trgng
- Bdo cdo
- Lam thi nghiem
- Chuan bi bai trinh chiiu
- Chuan bi cdc phuong tien hd trg khdc
Tham gia phdt bieu xay dung bdi tren ldp
Diem ldm bdi kigm tra nhdm daidi gid thai
do theo ddi, khd nang tiep thu kien thiic ciia
HS tren ldp
Tdng diem tdi da cua 5 muc: 100
Diim KSm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 (0-3 diim)
0
Khd
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5 (4-6 diem)
5
Tit
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10 (7-10 diim)
10
Luuy:
- De cdng bang nhdm trudng chu tri budi
hpp chdm muc 1, 2, 3 cho timg hpc sinh cSn
cu tren bang ke hoach phan cdng chi tiet vd
ket qua thye hien
- Gido vien chdm muc 4 bdng cdch chpn
mdt hgc smh de ghi nhan sd Idn phdt biiu cua
hpc sinh trong budi bao cdo Hgc sinh cd tu
3 lan phat bieu trd len dugc 1 diim, 1-2 Idn
dugc 0,5 di6m Cudi gid, nhdm trudng ghi
diem vao phiiu
- Gido vien cham muc 5 khi cd kit qua bai
kiem tra, ghi diem vao phiiu: niu bai kiim
tra tft 7-10 diim thi cdng them 1 diim, tft 4-6
diim thi cdng thdm 0,5 diim, cdn lai khdng
cpng diem Cudi cimg nhdm trudng tdng kit
diem va ngp l^i cho giao vien (nop kem bang phdn cdng kd hoach chi tiit)
- Giao vien edng bd diem eua tung hgc sinh theo cdng thftc sau:
Tong dilm ca nhSn = (Diim bai bdo cao + Diem riSng ca nhan)/2
- Giao vien su dung bang 4 di kit ludn ve
nang lyc su dung ngdn ngft hda hgc cua hpc sinh
3.5 Gido dn minh hoa
Dya trdn viec nghidn cftu co sd khoa hpc d tren chiing tdi da thiit ki giao an day hgc dy an vdi chu de "Cac tdc nhdn 6 nhiim khdng khi" nhdm muc dich phat triin ndng lyc SDNNHH cho hgc sinh ldp 10 THPT
Trang 10Tru&ng Dgi Hgc SuPhgm Ky Thu^ TR Hd ChiMinh Bdng 6: Ki hogch thirc hien dvr dn "Cdc tdc nhdn 6 nhiem khong khi"
Tu3n Ngay N§i dung cong viec - Thdi gian dy kien
Ngay 1 Bai gidi thieu "Lam quen vdi hpc theo dy an" (45 phut)
a) Budi trien khai du an cua giao vien (15 phiit)
b) HS nghien cuu ly thuyet co ban trong sdch gido khoa (10 phut) Bai HF, HCl, HBr - Bai Oxi; Ozon
Bai H^S - Bai SO^, SO3, H^SO, Cdc bai dgc them va tu lieu: CFC, Mua axit, Ozon
Ngay 1 HOAT
DQNG TRIEN
KHAI (60 phut)
c) Hpc sinh chpn nhdm, nhdm trudng, chpn de tai, phdn vai (5 phut)
d) Cdc nhdm lap ke hoach thyc hien, phdc thao y tudng de hoan thdnh nhiem vy cua minh, phdc thdo lich trinh cac nhiem vu phai thyc hien de hodn thdnh cdng viec, thanh lap tieu chi ddnh gia cho sdn pham (20 phut)
- Gido vien cd the hudng din hgc sinh su dyng cdc ky thuat day hgc nhu: dat cau hdi, lap so dd tu duy, khan phu bdn,
- Bd sung vao bang K-W-L-H
- Thao luan ve Bd cau hdi dinh hudng
e) Cac nhdm phdn hdi danh gia budi ldm viec (10 phut)
Ngay 2, 3
HOAT DQNG
LAM QUEN
a) Lam quen vdi ldm viec theo danh sdch nhiem vu nhdm da de ra
va danh sdch cau hdi phdt trien du dn ma GV soan trudc b) Cac thanh vien timg nhdm tim tdi lieu phuc vu cho nhiem vu c) Cac thanh vien tao cac chu de (topic) cd nhdn tai dia chi website hgc tap ciia dy an ma gido vien cho sdn, tap each hgc theo dy an d) Tap cdch ghi chep hdng ngay vi tiin do cdng viec tren website: nhdt ky hgc tap, bdn kiem muc
e) Hgc cdch yeu cau hd trg tu giao vien thdng qua website, ldm quen vdi giao dien website
f) Thuc hanh nhiem vu:
- Nhdm I: tim tai lieu, tdng hgp kien thuc ve cdc khdi niem co bdn; cac tac nhdn 6 nhilm, nguyen nhdn va hdu qua cua chiing; tinh hinh
d nhilm khdng khi hien nay tren the gidi va Viet Nam
- Nhdm 2: tun hiiu cac gidi phdp cu the de giam d nhiem khdng khi tren the gidi va Viet Nam; tim hieu cu the tinh hinh dia phuang (nha may, dan sd, lugng ngudi luu thdng, cdc tuyen dudng Idn, cac giai phap dang dugc thyc thi de giam d nhiem )
- Nhdm 3: tim hieu phuang thuc boat dgng cua website, tao lap chu di bao cao san phdm tren website, tao nen Power Point can ban, xdy dyng cac chuong muc, giao dien co ban cho viec dua bai bdo cdo len website, viet mdt doan hudng din nhd ve each sft dung website di trinh bdy bai bao cao va gyi cho nhdm 1,2