Tgp Chi Khoa Hgc Gido Dgc Ky Thudt (33/2015) Tru&ng Dgi Hgc SuPhgm Ky Thugt TR Hd ChiMinh M O H I N H D A N H G I A Y T H U '''' C T R A C H N H I E M H O C T ^ P C U A S I N H V I E N TRU''''OfNG D A I H O[.]
Trang 1Tru&ng Dgi Hgc SuPhgm Ky Thugt TR Hd ChiMinh
M O H I N H D A N H G I A Y T H U ' C T R A C H N H I E M H O C T ^ P
C U A S I N H V I E N T R U ' O f N G D A I H O C S l T P H A M K ^ T H U A T T P H C M
A S S E S S M E N T M O D E L O F L E A R N I N G R E S P O N S I B I L I T Y
C O N S C I O U S N E S S O F S T U D E N T A T H C N C U N I V E R S I T Y O F
T E C H N O L O G Y A N D E D U C A T I O N
D o T h i M y IVang
Trudmg Dgi hoc Suphgm Ky Thugt TP HCM Ngay toa so^n ntian bai 11/3/2015, ngiiyphan bi$n danh gia 24/6/2015, ngdy chip nh$n dang 10/8/2015
T O M TAT
Gido due ve cdc gid tri vd ky ndng song Id nhiem vu quan trgng md cdc nhd gido due phdi dam duang Trong do, gid tri Trdch nhiem Id nin tdng, cot loi cho mgi cong viic md sinh vien phdi dgt dugc Sinh viin phdi co trdch nhiim v&i bdn thdn, trdch nhiem v&i cong viec, trdch nhiim v&i xd hgi, Trdch nhiem con dugc xem Id diiu kiin Id su rdng bugc de giiip hg thdnh cong Di dgt dugc dieu ndy thi tru&c tien sinh vien phdi dugc dgy de co trdch nhiim trong hgc tap
Mgi viic dugc bdt ddu tir nhdn thicc Vi vdy, di gidng day sinh vien co trdch nhiim trong hgc tap thi gidng vien cdn phdi xdc dinh sinh viin hiiu biit vd thifc hien nhu the ndo vi nhiem vu hgc tap Bdi viit ndy dica tren mgt so ly thuyet mo hinh ddnh gid ve nhdn thuc de tim ra mo hinh ddnh gidy thirc trdch nhiim hgc tap cua sinh viin
Tie khda: Ythuc, Ythue trdch nhiim, Trdch nhiem hgc tap
ABSTRACT
Education of values and skills of living for students are the most important tasks of lecturers Most importantly, value of responsibility is crucial for all work that student has to obtain Students must have responsibility for themselves, for works and society Responsibility is also considered to be condition and constraint for their success In order to achieve this, students should be taught of responsibility in learning
Things are begun from awareness Thus, to teach students to form responsibility in leaming, lectures need to identify how students realize and practice their task of leaming The purpose
of this paper is to introduce an assessment model of learning responsibility consciousness of students in accordance with some theories of awareness assessment model
Keywords: Awareness, Responsibility Consciousness, Leaming Responsibility
1 BAT VAN DE lam viec, Hgc d i chung sdng cimg nhau va Vdi sy phat trien nhanh chdng cfta khoa Hpc d i lam ngudi" [7] Giao dye con ngudi hpc ky thugt, gido due khdng chi dgy con cd kiin thftc, ky nang, thai dp ti'ch cue, chii ngudi ve van de tti thftc ma cdn dgy v i viec ddng sdng tao vd ftng xft phu hgp trong cac sft dyng cdng nghe, v i kha nang thich ftng vdi mdi tuong tac xa hdi Trong dd, ba ttong bdn
su thay ddi, hay chinh la cac ky ndng sdng muc tiSu giao due la muc tieu ve ky nang sdng Bdn myc tieu gido dye cua UNESCO khuyin d i giftp con ngudi cd kha nang tiiich nghi, dap
Trang 2Tru&ng Dgi Hgc SuPhgm Ky Thugt TR Hd ChiMinh
hdi Ngoai ra, UNESSCO cung dua ra 12 gia
tri sdng c a bdn: Hda binh, Tdn ttgng, Khoan
dung, Trung tiiyc, Khiem tdn, Hgp tac, Hanh
phftc, Yeu thuang, Trach nhiem, Gidn di, Ty
do, Dodn ket, ma con ngudi cdn phdi dugc
day, bdi vi cdc gia tri sdng la nen tang cdt loi
de hinh thanh ky ndng sdng [4, tt30]
Trong bdi canh todn cdu hda, hdi nhap qudc
te ve van hda - kinh te, mgi ngudi, dac biet
Id gidi tte chiu sy tdc dgng cfta nhieu yen td
mang tinh tich cue vd tidu cue, ludn dat minh
vao hoan canh phdi lya chgn gid tri sdng cho
bdn thdn Vi vdy, cap nhdt va hoan thien cac
gia tri la sy ddi hdi ttong cudc sdng bien dai
cfta con ngudi Mac khdc, gidi tte la nhirng
ngudi cd ttdch nhiem tao ra va quyet dinh
the gidi thi mdi ca nhan can phai dugc giao
due de nhdn thftc ddu Id gid tri dung, la dieu
that sy cdn thiet eho sy phdt trien ben viing
Trdch nhidm Id mdt ttong nhftng gid tri sdng
quan ttpng, cdt loi Vi, mudn cd hda binh con
ngudi phai sdng cd ttach nhiem tgo ra su binh
yen, trach nhiem cham sdc bao ve Ibien nhien
Mudn cd hgnh phftc mdi cd nhdn phdi cd ttach
nhiem vdi ban than, vdi cdc mdi quan he, va
vdi cpng dong Mudn cd sy khoan dung, con
ngudi phdi cd ttach nhiem hieu minh, hieu
ngudi khdc ttong timg hoan cdnh ey the, v.v
Do dd, ttdch nhiem khdng chi cd nghTa la su
rdng huge, ma cdn la nhung gi cho phep con
ngudi dgt dugc dieu minh mudn
Giao due gid tri va ky nang sdng ttong qua
trinh giao dye todn dien dang dugc cde chuang
trinh dgy bgc quan tam rat nhieu Theo cdng
van sd: 463/BGDDT- GDTX V/v hudng ddn
triin khai thuc hien giao due ky ndng sdng tgi
cdc CO sd Giao dye Mam non (GDMN), Giao
due Phd thdng (GDPT) va Gido due Thudng
xuyen (GDTX) cfta Bd Giao due vd Ddo tao,
cho thdy rdng dieu nay dd ttd thanh nhiem vy
trgng tam ttong giao due, khdng chi dftng lai d
phdn tri thuc ma cdn phai ren luyen cho ngudi
hpc ky ndng sdng Ngodi ra, d cac trudng dgi hpc, sinh vien cung da dugc ren luy6n ky nang sdng thdng qua cac hogt dpng xa hgi, cdc bdi hgc tich hgp ve gia tri va ky nang mem Trong
dd, ttdch nhiem nghe nghiep Id gid tri khdng the thieu ddi vdi ngudi ky su tuong lai, vi nd chinh la sy rang budc, la nhftng gi d8 giftp hp thanh cdng Do dd, chuong trinh hien nay ddi bdi SV dgt dugc muc tieu trdch nhi?m nghe nghiep thi trudc tien phai ed ttdch nhiem vdi vide hpc tdp De dat dupe dieu nay, sinh vi§n (SV) se dugc ren luy$n thdng qua cac hoat dgng bgc tap
Mgi viec deu dugc bat dau tu sy nhan thftc
Y thuc trach nhiem la gid tri xuat hien ben tiong chft the, edn hdnh ddng la cai the hien ben ngodi Y thftc cua con ngudi ludn gan lien vdi boat ddng, thdng qua hoat ddng de ddnh gid ve cdi ben ttong (y thuc) Vgy, lam sao de ddnh gia dugc y thftc ttach nhiem? Nhdn thftc dftng cd ddn den hanh ddng dftng hay khdng? Myc tieu cfta bai viet nay tim ra md hinh danh gid phft hgp v i y thftc trach nhiem ttong hgc tap cfta sinh vien hien nay, de cd the tien hdnh danh gia
2 C O s d LUAN VAN DE NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1 Y thftc trdch nhiem hgc tap
Y thftc dugc xem la khd nang phan anh vd tai hien thuc vdo ttong tu duy, la cai con ngudi nhan thftc dugc ve sy vat, hien tugng Nhgn thftc dugc danh gid tuong ftng vdi hanh vi ftng xft cfta con ngudi ddi vdi sy vat, hidn tugng
Dd la qua trinh dugc bdt dau tft su hidu biet (tri thftc) d i nhdn dang ddi tupng, din sy xem xet, danh gid, lya chgn ftng xft bieu hien qua hdnh vi
Theo tac gia Luu Hdng Khanh, dng xem y thuc la mdt ttgng thdi tmh thftc Dd la ttgng thai md con ngudi nhdn thftc sy vdt mdt each tinh tao, khdng lan Idn, vdi bdn chftc ndng: cam nhdn, suy tu, danh gia, va tryc ki8n [3,
Trang 3Tru&ng Dgi Hgc SuPhgm Ky Thugt TR Hd ChiMinh
tt24] Vdi nhung chftc nang cfta y thftc giup
eon ngudi ddi dien, dinh hudng trudc thign
nhien vd ttong xa hdi Chftc nang cam nhdn
giup con ngudi nhdn biet dugc sy vat, nham
ttd Idi cdu hdi "cd gi"? Cd nghia la, dd chinh
la vdn di tri thftc cfta con ngudi ve sy vat hien
tupng Chftc nang suy tu la tdc dgng tim hi6u
su vdt bang each van dung chung, dua tri thftc
vi sy vat, vi cdc boat ddng de nhan dinh, phdn
tich, xem xet lai di rdi tiiich nghi vdi sy vat
Chftc nang ddnh gid vdi can hdi "nhu the nao
ddi vdi tdi?", xem xet sy vdt ttong tuong quan
vdi ban than, thdng qua nhftng bidu hien nhu
thich Ihu, vui ve hoac chan ngdn, de dua den
sy quyet dinh ddn nhgn hay tu ehdi, tiep tyc
hay tft bdjV.v Chftc nang tryc kien la khd
nang quan sat, cam nhgn va than hieu cfta cd
nhan ddi vdi sy vat, con ngudi, de cd the ket
luan ve sy vat ddi tugng do, nhin ra dugc y
nghia ben ttong cfta su vgt Bdn chftc nang cua
y thuc cdn dugc xem nhu mdt tiSn trinh xft ly
cua nhgn thuc Bat ddu tft viec tiip nhdn, hiiu
biet ve ddi tugng, den van dyng, xem xet ddnh
gid su tuong thich cfta ca nhdn vd cudi eftng la
sy k§t ludn lai ve sy vat
Theo tam ly hgc hoat ddng, y thftc cd cdu
tinic sau: [2, tt40]
Mat nang dong
Mat nhan thvrc Mat thai do
Hinh 1: Cdu true cua y thuc
Ve CO bdn, y thftc cd 3 mat thdng nhdt vdi
nhau: mat nhgn thftc cua y thftc, mat thai do
cfta y thftc va mat ndng ddng cfta y thftc
ngudi hiiu biit ban chdt, khai quat v^
sy vat, hidn tugng Day la thanh phan quan ttgng, cdt loi cfta y Ihftc, giftp con ngudi cd thi giai thich, phan dodn ket qua, lya chgn hogc hogch dinh ke hoach cho hanh vi
Mat thai do cfta y thftc: the hien thai dd lya chgn, cam xuc cfta chu the ddi vdi ddi tugng, sy vgt
Mat nang ddng cua y thftc: dieu khien, di§u chinh hogt ddng cfta con ngudi, lam cho hogt ddng cfta con ngudi cd y thftc
Dd la qua trinh con ngudi van dyng tri thftc vdo viec thich nghi, cai tao the gidi, hoan thien ban than
Vdy, con ngudi dugc xem la cd y thuc thi phdi dat dugc bao gdm ca ba mat tten: nhan thftc dftng, hanh ddng dung, thdi dp tich eye
va cd kha nang ty dieu chinh hanh ddng cua minh
Trach nhiem la dieu phai ldm, phdi ganh vac Trdch nhiSm dugc xem la gia tri do ludng
sy trudng thanh cfta con ngudi, ti'nh ttach nhiem dugc hinh Ihanh theo mftc dp nhgn thftc Trdch nhiem cd thd phan logi thanh: (1) Trdch nhiem chft ddng - con ngudi ty giac nhan ra dugc ttach nhiem tft chd ty y thftc dugc ttach nhiem cua chinh minh; (2) Trach nhiem thy ddng - con ngudi cd ttdch nhiem nhd tac nhan ben ngoai, hay day chinh la ttach nhiem dugc giao phd [6] Dua vao cac moi tuong quan cdng ddng, cimg vdi kha nang cua ban thdn, con ngudi dam duong dugc ttach nhiem Diiu nay cd the cho thay rang, dgng lyc lam viec cfta mgt ngudi se cang cao khi
hg vfta cd ttach nhiem chft dpng va vfta cd ttdch nhiem thu ddng Cho nen, ngudi cd y thftc ttdch nhiem phdi ty nhan thftc dugc cdng viec, nhiem vu, chftc nang cfta minh va hoan thanh tdt cdng viec, nhiem vu, chftc ndng dd mdt each tich cue tiong cac mdi tuong quan cdng ddng, xa hdi
Trang 4Tru&ng Dgi Hgc Su Phgm Ky Thugt TR Ho ChiMinh
Hogt dgng hgc tap cfta sinh vien nham hinh
thanh kien fliftc, ky nang - ky xao, va thai do
nghd nghi?p d i tham gia vao lao ddng sdn
xuat dap ftng nhu cdu phat tridn cua xa hgi
Ddc diem cua hoat ddng hgc tdp la hogt ddng
ITnh hgi tri thftc, binh tbanh ky ndng, ky xao
va bao gdm ca phuong phap hgc tap Va la
hogt ddng cd muc dich, cd ke hoach, ndi dung
chuang trinh va phuang phap dgy hpc cu thi
Trong dd, ngudi hgc ddng vai ttd chu thi, t h i
hien tinh ehu ddng, tich eye, ty gidc, ty lyc,
va sang tgo ttong vi$e tiep nhgn tri thftc Vi
the, y thftc trach nhiem hgc tap cua ngudi hgc
dugc the hien qua cac ydu td nhu: (1) Nhgn
thftc dugc cdng viec hgc tap, vdi cac biiu
hi6n: hidu biet ve muc dich hgc tdp, myc tieu
can dat dugc, ciing nhu viec lya chgn phuang
phap hgc tgp, vd nhftng van de cd lien quan
den hpc tajD; (2)Thyc hien hoat ddng hpc tap,
vdi cac bieu hien: tuong tdc dugc vdi gido
vien, ban be, hodn thanh bai tap, xu ly thanh
cdng nhung van de cd lien quan hgc tap; (3)
Thai do lam viec tich eye, vdi cde bidu bien:
chu ddng ttong cdng vide, ddnh gia dugc kdt
qud cdng viec de tu dieu chinh hanh vi
2.2 Cac md hinh danh gia
Trong ITnh vye giao due de danh gia ve
nhdn thuc vd sy thay ddi ndng lyc nhgn thftc
cd nhan, hai md hinh dugc sft dyng phd bien
hien nay Id: Thang mftc do nhan thftc cfta
Benjamin Bloom va CBAM (The Concerns
Based Adoption Model)
Thang mftc do nhan thftc cfta Benjamin
Bloom [I]
Benjamin Bloom (1913 - 1999) la nha tdm
ly hgc ngudi My nghien cftu ve linh vye nhan
thftc gdn vdi gido dye Vao ndm 1956, dng
cdng bd ttong quyen sdch Thang phdn logi tu
duy, cho rdng: nhgn thftc gdm 6 mftc dg vd
dugc sdp x i p theo thft ty tang dan tft don gian
d i n phftc tgp, tu muc dg thdp nhat: biet - la
kha nang ngudi hpc nhd lgi sau khi da tiip
n h ^ thdng tin, nhu la: dinh nghTa, ggi ten cac
tiiu&t ngft, ndu duge cdc sy ki^n, dac diim,
Id ddnh gid: la khd nang ngudi hgc cd thi nhan xet, lua chpn, ddnh gia vdn d i Thang do nay dugc trinh bay d hinh 2 ben dudi:
Hinh 2: Thang muc ^ nhdn thuc - Bloom (1956) Nhgn xet:
Bloom da dua ra cdc mftc dp nhgn thftc tft thap den cao mpt each ro rang, cu the, va \ i the md hinh nay rat de sft dyng Nd sft dung phft hgp ttong viec thiet ke chuang trinh bpc, myc tieu hgc tap, kiem tta ddnh gia, cy the la ttong viec phat trien cac cdng cu danh gid qua
dd ddnh gia dugc hdnh vi eung nhu kha nang cfta ngudi hgc thdng qua mftc dp nhdn thftc cfta hp Tuy dugc sft dung rat phd bien, nhung gidi hgn ciia md hinh nay la:
Chi do ludng ndng lyc tu duy v i nhan thftc, chua de cap den ndng luc thyc hien cac ky ndng;
Mftc do tdng hgp vd ddnh gid khd cd thd tach biet, dugc thyc hi?n gan nhu song song nhau chft khd xdc dinh mang tinh thft bgc, trudc sau;
Trong bdi cdnh xa hgi ngay nay thi tinh sdng tgo la khd nang khdng the thiiu ttong cac thanh phdn cua ndng lyc ma thang do cfta Bloom chua de cap den;
Vd, thang mftc do cfta Bloom chua chi
ra each thftc chuyin ddi tft mftc thdp sang mftc cao ban nhu the nao
Md hinh CBAM (The Concerns Based
Trang 5Tru&ng Dgi Hgc Su Phgm Ky Thugt TR Hd ChiMinh
Md hinh CBAM dugc phdt trien d Dai hpc
Texas - Austin, day la md hmh thich ftng cfta
su nhan thftc, la mdt khung nhan thftc dugc
diin td va hudng ddn thay ddi ndng lyc cua ca
nhan Md hinh nay dugc nhiiu ngudi biet din,
nd md ta sy thay ddi cfta mdi cd nhan vd nhiing
ttang thai cfta sy tiiay ddi Tac gia cua CBAM
Id: Shirly Hord, Gene Hall vd cac ddng nghiep
(1987), mo hmh nay dugc de cap d tai lieu
"Taking Charge of Change" Hai tiianh phdn
ma CBAM d i cap dugc luu y nhieu nhat dd la:
Mftc do nhgn thftc: 7 ttang thai nhdn tiiftc ttong qua trinh tiiay ddi dugc bieu diln d bang 1: md ta va giai thich mftc
do nhgn thftc d trgng thdi thap nhat Id bdt dau quan tdm vd den mftc dp cao nhdt cfta qua trinh thay ddi nhdn thuc la
cd t h i lam cho sy viec tdt ban Mftc do su dung: 8 hanh vi dien ta hanh ddng xay ra ttong sy thay ddi ve muc dp sft dyng dugc bieu dien d bdng 2
Bdng 1: Trinh bdy 7 trgng thdi nhdn thuc cua CBAM
Giai doan cua nh^n thirc
6 Didu chinh/nhan xet
(Refocusing)
5 Hgp tac (Collaboration)
4 Cd the cho ra ket qua
(Consequence)
3 Cd thd quan ly
(Management)
2 Xem xet (Personal)
1 Thu thap thdng tin
(Informational)
0 Quan tam (Awareness)
Trang thai tirong ftng
Cd y tudng de thuc hien sy viec tdt hon Quan tam din cdc thanh phdn cd lidn quan, tim ra mdi quan
he cfta chung Tap tnmg vao ket qua va sy tdc dgng den ddi tugng
Da sdn sang danh het thai gian cho viec chidm ITnh ddi tirgng Xem xet ddi tugng dugc sft dyng nhu the nao de dat hi$u qua cho minh
Mudn biet nhieu han ve ddi tugng Bdt ddu quan tdm ve ddi tugng
Bdng 2: Trinh bdy cdc muc do su diing cua CBAM
Mu-c dg su dyng
7 Sang tao (Renewal)
6 Tich hgp (Integration)
5 Lam tdt hon (Refinement)
4 Thuc hi0n (Routine)
3.Vgn hanh (Mechanical)
Dac diem hanh vi cua mirc do
Ngudi sft dyng tim kiim sy tiiay flii hieu qua ban di thiit lap viec sft dyng nhftng cai mdi hieu qud hon
Ngudi sft dung than ttgng kit ndi/tt'ch hgp vdi nhiing cai khdc de cd ket qud tdt
Ngudi su dyng lam nhung thay ddi de cd ket qua tdt hon Ngudi sft dung thay ddi mdt it hoac khdng thay ddi va cd sy thiit ldp phdn sft duns
Ngudi sft dung lam nhiing thay ddi dd td chftc sft dyng sy ddi
Trang 6Trudng Bpi Hpc SuPhpm Ky Thupt TR Hd ChiMinh
2.Chudn bi sft dyng
(Preparation)
1.C6 xu hudng sft dung
(Orientation)
O.Khdng sft dung (Non-Use)
Ngudi su dung lap ke hoach bdt ddu sft dung nhiing cai mdi Ngudi su dung khdi sy tim hieu hon ve dieu mdi Ngudi sft dyng khdng quan tam, khdng cd hanh ddng
Nhgn xet:
CBAM la mgt md hinh nghien cftu rat phu
hgp de md ta ve sy thay ddi ciia con ngudi
nhu the nao khi hg hgc ve mdt dieu mdi va
nhiing giai doan cfta tien trinh Md hinh nay
de cap sy thay doi ca mat nhan thftc vd ky
3 XAY DVNG MO HINH DANH GIA
3.1 Quy trinh xay dyng md hinh
ndng, vd thyc hien cho qud trinh Tuy nhien, CBAM la phftc tgp, he thing md ta gdm nhieu thanh phdn, va d nhftng su thay ddi chua chi ra dugc cdch thftc thyc hien ciing nhu de cdp den phong cdch hgc tap cfta sinh vien
Xac (Hnh boi canh s a ho) Xac dinh muc tieu danh g Xay dung mo lunh danh gia
Hinh 3: Quy trinh xdy dimg mo hinh ddnh gid
Xac dinh boi canh xa hdi
Hien nay xa hdi cd nhieu thay ddi, sy
da dang ve van hda, hdi nhdp kinh te,
SV cd nhiiu co hdi, cung nhu thdch thftc
vd ludn dftng trudc nhieu sy lya chgn
De CO dugc bude tien vdi sy phdt trien
bSn vftng thi SV phai nhgn thftc dugc
dau Id gia tri dftng cho sy lya chgn phft
hgp De dat dugc dieu ndy, yen cdu SV
phai thdng hieu ve van de, ve cdng viec
minh dang lam Do dd, kien thftc cfta
SV khdng cho phep dat mftc do biet ma
thdp nhdt phai la hiiu
Xu hudng tiep c ^ giao dye hidn nay
Iheo ndng lyc thyc hien Nang lye cua
SV dugc danh gia qua kdt qud cfta cdng
viec, cd sdn phdm tao ra va phdi giai
tiiich dugc quy trinh, mdi quan he cfta
cdc thanh phdn Dieu ndy cd nghia la SV
phai van dung dugc tri thftc da hgc
Vdi nen kinh t6 tri thftc, sy phat triin
kinh te dya vao tri thftc cua con ngudi,
vdo sy phdt trien cfta khoa hgc ky thuat
thi tinh sdng tao ludn dugc xem ttgng cho sy phdt trien nay Vi vdy, SV phdi dugc dao luyen di cd kha nang sdng tgo dap ftng dugc sy phat trien cfta xa hdi
b Xac dinh muc tieu danh gia
Myc tieu ciia md hinh la ddnh gid y thftc trach nhiem hgc tap cfta SV Tft co sd tam ly tten, danh gid vi y thftc trach nhiem phdi dugc xem xet d ba khia canh:
(1) Nhgn tiiftc dugc cdng viec hpc tap, SV phdi tta Idi dugc cdc can hdi nhu: tai sao phai hpc, hgc cdi gi, hpc nhu the nao, ket qua can dgt dugc?
(2) Thyc hien boat ddng hgc tap (3) Thai do hgc tap tich eye, SV phai cd khd nang ty diiu chinh hanh vi cfta minh
c Xay dyng md hinh Xay dung Iy thuyet nin tdng
Bai viit nay dya tten mftc dp nhdn thftc cua Bloom va md hmh CBAM lam nin tdng
Sir tinmg thich cua hai mo hinh
Md hmh cua BLOOM va CBAM cd sy
Trang 7Trudng Bpi Hpc SuPhpmKy Thupt TP Hd ChiMinh
Bdng 3: Trinh bdy Su tucmg thich ciia 2 md hinh: BLOOM VA CBAM
Mftc dd nhdn
thftc Bloom
6 Ddnh gid
5 Tdng hgp
4 Phan tich
3 Van dyng
2 Hieu
I Biit
Mii'c nhan
thU-c Cbam
6 Dieu chinh /
nhan xet
5 Hop tdc
4 Cd thi
cho ra ket qua
3 Cd tili
quan ly
2 Xem xet
1 Thu thap
thdng tin
Mftc dg six
dyng Cbam
7 Sang tgo
6 Tich hgp
5 Lam tdt ban
4 Thuc hien 3.Van hanh
2.Chuan bi sft dung
I Co XU hudng sft dung
Diln giai
Ngudi hgc co khd nang nhgn xet, ddnh gid, vd lya chgn gidi phap tdi uu
Mftc do nay ngudi hgc cd kha ndng
hgp tdc, xdc dinh mdi lien quan cua cac thanh phdn
Ngudi hge ed khd nang van dyng, xu
ly thdng tin
Ngudi bgc cd khd nang giai thich dugc van de, tta Idi cdu hdi: Tai sao?
0 mftc dp nay, ngudi hgc chi mdi nhgn dgng dugc thdng tin, chua cd kha nang van dung
Thang mftc do cua Bloom chi ra cac mftc
dp v i mat nhgn thftc (tri thftc), CBAM chi ra
cdc trgng thdi thay ddi v i nhgn thftc cung nhu
hdnh vi d timg cap do cho hoat dgng Qua hai
mo hinh cd the nhgn thay rdng, cd sy tuong
thich do Id qua trinh xft ly - hmh thanh nhan
thftc cfta ngudi hgc thdng qua ba giai dogn co
ban la: nhdn biit - xft ly - danh gia; vd 3 mftc
do CO ban cfta hogt ddng la: khdng thyc hien,
cd thyc hi^n va dieu chinh, thuc hiSn cdng
vice tdt han Them nfta, d nhiing md hinh nay,
cd the cac tdc gid da cd sy tim hiiu hay ngdu
nhidn ma cdc mftc dg nhgn thftc cung phii hpp
vdi cdc chftc nang cfta y thftc: tft nhgn biit
(cdm nhdn), vdn dyng, phan tich (suy tu), tdng
hgp, danh gid (ddnh gid, va tryc kiin) Vi vdy,
cdc mftc do nhgn thftc cua y tiiuc cung dugc
xdc dinh tu nhgn biit - vdn dyng, phdn tich
dSn tdng hgp, danh gia Cac mftc do nay dugc
ddnh gid qua cde mftc do boat ddng: khdng
tiiyc hien - cd tiiyc hi^n - diiu chinh lam tdt
han
NguySn tdc xay d u n g md hinh Tft nhihig phan tich tten, md hinh dugc xdy dyng theo nguyen tdc sau:
Ddnh gia y thftc bao gdm ba thanh phdn: sy hieu biet, sy thyc hien va thai do thyc hien tich eye
Y thftc la yeu td ben ttong dugc biiu hiSn thdng qua hoat ddng cu the cua con ngudi,
vi v^y dS ndi len tinh cd y thftc hgc t§p cfta
SV dugc the hien qua ttach nhiSm hgc tap chft dOng Cd nghia la, SV phai ty nhdn thuc duge edng viec hgc tap cfta hg Hon nfta, hogt ddng hgc tap ciia SV chiu sy td chftc, dieu kien, didu chinh cua gido vien, cho nen trdch nhiem hgc tap cfta sinh vien cung dugc the hien bao gom ca ttach nhiem hgc tap thy ddng ttong dd Cu t h i la, danh gia y thftc trdch nhiem hgc tap cua S V dugc xem xet d ba y i u td: (I) Nhan thftc dugc cdng vipc hpc tap (hiiu biit v i vi8c hpc
Trang 8Tru&ng Dgi Hgc SuPhgm Ky Thugt TR Hd Chi Minh
t^P); (2) Thyc hidn cac hogt ddng hgc tap;
(3) Thai do hgc tgp tich eye
Y thuc ludn gdn liin vdi boat ddng, va
thdng qua hogt dpng de danh gid y thftc Vi
vdy, thdng qua mftc dp thuc hien boat ddng
hgc tap (mftc dp van dung) cua SV de danh
gid ve su hieu biet
De thyc hien tdt cdng viec, yeu cdu ngudi
hgc phai thdng hieu ve cdng viec Do dd,
de hinh thdnh y thftc tdt thi mftc do thap nhdt ve mdt nhdn thftc la mftc hiiu Tinh sang tgo ttong y thftc cfta SV dugc t h i hien d mftc dp cd the diiu chinh d i lam tdt cdng viec ban
Ket qua xay dyng md hinh ddnh gia y thftc ttdch nhiem hpc tap cfta SV nhu bang 4 sau:
Bdng 4: Mo hinh ddnh gid y thuc trdch nhiem hgc tap cua SV
Muc dg
hoat dgng
3.Ddnh gia,
dieu chinh boat
ddng hgc tap
tdt hon
2.Thyc hien
cac hogt ddng
hgc tap
1 Khdng thyc
hien boat ddng
hgc tap
Mftc dd
nhain thirc
3 Darih gid
2 Van dyng
I.Hieu biet
Dien giai
Ngudi hgc hieu, cd kha nang dieu chinh thyc hien nhiem
vu tdt ban Tinh thdn ttdch nhiem cao, cd kha nang sang tgo Vdi cac bieu hien nhu: chft dgng, tich eye ttong cdng viec, ty danh gid dieu chinh hdnh vi
Ngudi hgc hiiu ve nhftng nhiem vu cua minh ttong hgc tap vd thyc hien dugc cac nhiem vy day Vdi cdc bieu hien nhu: tuong tac dugc vdi giao vien, ban be, hoan thanh bai tap, xft ly thanh cdng nhftng van de cd lien quan hpc tap Ngudi hgc khdng hieu ve trdch nhiem hpc tap cfta minh, hoac cd hiiu biit nhung dpng co chua dft Idn de bien nd thdnh hanh ddng, vd sy hiiu biit nay ciing chi d mftc thap
3.2 Sir dyng mo hinh
Tft cdc mftc dp hogt dpng hgc tap cfta SV,
chung ta cd t h i k i t luan ve sy hieu biet tuong
iing Thdng thudng cd hai xu hudng: (1) SV
hiiu dftng va hdnh ddng dftng vdi ttach nhiem
hpc tap, d ddy cd mdi tuong quan thudn; (2)
SV hiiu dftng nhung khdng hanh ddng dftng
vdi sy hiiu biit cua hp SV cd hieu biet nhung
cd t h i do hoan canh tac ddng chua dft Idn de
tao thanh ddng co ben ttong d i tao ra hogt
ddng Diiu nay ciing cd nghia la sy hieu biet
cfta SV cung chi d mftc thdp
4 KET LUAN
Dya vao ly thuyit tam ly va cac md hinh mftc
do nhdn thftc lam nen tang, nghien cftu da tim
ra dugc md hinh ddnh gia y thftc trach nhiem hgc tap cfta SV Md hinh ndy la co sd ly thuyet nghien cuu budc tiip tiieo la xay dung cdng cy
do v i y thftc ttach nhiem cfta ngudi hpc theo cdc mftc do da dugc xac dinh Md hinh chi dua ra
ba mftc do v i mat nhdn thftc tuong ftng vdi cdc mftc do hoat ddng, bdi vi y thftc trach nhiem thudc v i pham tni ben ttong, yeu td tinh than cfta sinh vien Vi vgy, mftc do danh gid cdn dugc hiiu bao gdm phan tich, tdng hgp ttong dd
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Bloom, B.S (Ed.), Engelhart, M.D., Furst, E.J., Hill, W.H., & Krathwohl, D.R (1956)
Taxonomy of educational objectives: Handbook T Cognitive domain New York; David
McKay
Tdm ly hgc Dgi cuang (2001), Tai heu luu hanh ndi bd, Khoa Giao due hgc, Trudng DH
Trang 93 1 Tru&ng Dgi Hgc Su Phgm Ky Thugt TR Ho ChiMinh
[3] Luu Hdng Khanh (2006), Tdm Ly Hgc Chuyen sdu - Y Thuc vd Nhimg Tdng Sdu Vo Thicc, NXB Tre
[4] Living values: An Educational Program, Inc.lntemational Coordinating Office866 UN Plaza, Suite 436New York, NY 10017
[5] Professional Development for Science Education: A Critical and Immediate Challenge, "
by Susan Loucks-Horsley National Standards & the Science Curriculum, edited by
Rodger Bybee of the Biological Sciences Curriculum Study Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/ Hunt PubUshing Co., 1996
[6] http://prosales.vn/y-thuc-ttach-nhiem.html
[7] http://www.unesco.org/new/en/education/networks/global-networks/aspnet/about-us/strategy/ the-four-pillars-of-leaming/