1 , ! TRi;dNG DAI HQC Sil PHAM TP H 6 C H I M INH HO CHI MINH CITV UNIVERSITV OF EDUCATION L s l a T/̂ P CHi KHOA HOC JOURNAL OF SCIENCE ISSN KHOA HOC GlAO DUC EDUCATION SCIENCE 1859 3100 Tjp 14, 86 I[.]
Trang 1L s l a T/^P CHi KHOA HOC JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
ISSN: KHOA HOC GlAO DUC EDUCATION SCIENCE 1859-3100 Tjp 14, 86 I (2017): 5-15 Vol 14 No 1 (2017): 5-15
Email: lapdiikltoahoc&hcmm.eilu vn: We!}site: hltpMckn hcmue edu vn
/HQC TAP TRAI NGHIfM: M O T LI THUYET HQC TAP DONG VAI T R 6 T R U N G TAM TRONG DAO TAO THEO NANG UfC
Nguyen Vdn Hgnh*
Ngiy Tda sogn nh$n dlJpc bii: 10-4-2016; ngdy ptidn bi^n dinh gii 24-4-2016 ngiy c/)4p nh$n (JSng 06-01-2017
T6M TAT
Bdi viit dua ra nhimg Igp lugn khoa hgc cho vi0c tiep can mo hinh cdu true ndng luc (CTNL) cda Dgng Thdnh Hung vd md hinh hgc tgp trdi nghifm HTTN cua Kolb nhdm gidi thich cdc hogt dgng hgc tgp md ngu&i hgc cdn phdi trdi qua de phdt trien ndng luc, tir do de xudt cdc md hinh thiet ke bdi hgc theo li thuyet HTTN trong ddo tgo theo ndng lire
Tiir khda: li thuyet hpc t|p trai nghifm, n3ng lire, dao tao theo nSng Ig-c
ABSTRACT
Experiential learning: A learning theory playing ihe key role
in competency-based training
This article provides the scientific arguments for accessing Dang Thanh Hung's structural model of competency and Kolb's model of experiential leaming to explain the learning activities that students need to undergo in order to improve their competency Thanks to that, the models for designing lessons based on experiential learning theory in competency-based training are recommended
Keywords: experiential leaming theory, competency, competency-based training
1 Boi cilnh vA van de nghien ciru qua tu trai nghi?m, hoc tap phai gan lien Trong suot the ki XX den nay, nhiJng voi loi ich cua cuoc song, hpc la de thich nha giao d\ic co tu tuong tien bO nhu Lev ung voi moi trucmg cupc song luon thay Vygotsky, Jean Piaget, Kurt Lewin, John doi Trung tam trong nhung nghien curu ve Dewey, David A Kolb va nhieu tiha giao nen giao due tien bo la "li thuyet HTTN" d\ic khde da quan tam nghien cihi ve mpt (Experiential leaming theory) nham mo ta nen gido dye tien bp {giao dye phai dya qua trinh hpc tap tir kinh nghi?m ciia nguoi tren nen tang kinh nghi?m cua nguoi hpc) hpc, trong do noi b^t la nghien cuu cua doi l^p voi nen gido dye truyen thong {giao Kolb ve li thuyet HTTN dupc xuat ban dye Id sy dao tao tir ben ngoai; truyen day nam 1984 Li thuyet HTTN da va dang tro nhihig npi dung gom kien thuc, kT ndng, thanh xu huong, nen tang ciia giao due chuan mye va nguyen tic ung xu dd dupc trong thi ki XXI [4]
phdt trien trong qud khir cho the h$ sau) Nhimg quan diem, tu tuong ciia nen [2], [3], [7], [8] Trong nen giao dye tiln bp giao due tiSn bp (ma trung tam la li thuyet
do, gid tri ciia ty do dupc dh cao, hpc thong HTTN) cho thdy sy phii hgp voi npi dung
' T a r & n g B g i hQC Su- p h g m KF t h u ^ t Hu'ng Y 6 n ; Email: tianhuteliy@gmail.com
Trang 2KY-IOAHOC Tfp 14, SS 1(2017): 179-187
de &ti "£)6i mdi ciln ban, t o ^ di^n g i ^ d\ic
vi dio t ^ , dap ling y£u cAu cdng ngbi^p
hda, hi$n d^ h6a trong dieu ki^n kinh t^ thj
tniimg djnh hudng x9 h$i chd nghia va hpi
nhjp qu6c d" cia Dang - NM nudc - BO
Gi4o dye vh Bao t?o [1] Trang tam cua de
^ dd chinh Id d6i mdi gido dye vd dio t ^
theo hudng phdt tri^n ndng l\ic cua ngudi
hgc; giao dye con ngudi vira ddp ihig y€u
cau xa h$i vira phdt triln cao nh^t tiem
ndng kinh nghidm cua moi cd nhdn; tdp
trung d^y cdch hpc, cdch nghi vd ty hpc
Do dd, vi0c nghiSn ciru 1dm rd vai trd tnmg
tdm cua h thuylt HTTN tiong ddo t?o theo
ndng luc Id van de rat can dupc quan tam
nghien cihi, Id phii hpp vdi b6i cdnh ddi
mdi todn di$n gido dye d Vipt Nam hipn
nay
0 Vipt Nam hi$n nay dd cd nhilu tdi
lipu khoa hpc bdn ludn ve ddo t^o theo
ndng lyc ndi chtmg vd trong timg linh vyc
cy the ndi riSng Tuy nhiSn, bka hit cdc tdc
gid chi tap trung vl cdch thiic t l chftc d?y
hpc theo ndng lyc, mang 1^ ^ nghia vl
qudn 11 gido dye cho gido vien Trong khi
dd, van dl quan trpng nh^t la phdi gidi thich rS rdng vd tudng minh cdc ho?t dpng hpc tdp cy thi md ngudi hpc can phdi trdi qua dl phdt triln ndng lyc cho bdn thdn thi hdu nhu chua dupc tdc gid nao quan tdm lam sang td Nghien clhi ndy hi vpng s8 gdp phiin gidi quyet vin dl neu trSn
2 N$i dung nghiSn c«hi
2.1 Vai trd trung taut ciia ll thiyiet HTTN trong ddo t0o theo ndng ttpc
Theo Sdng Thdnh Hung: "Ndng ItfC
(competency) Id thupc linh cd nhdn cho phep cd nhdn thirc hi$n thdnh cdng cdc hogt ddng nhdt dinh, dgt kit qud mong tnuSn Irong dieu ki?n cu the" [5] Hi$n
nay, clu tnic ciia ndng lyc dupc md td dudi nhilu phuong di$n khde nhau, nhimg nlu x^t vl bdn chit cua hpc tdp Id qud trinh cd nhdn hda cdc thdnh phin kinh nghidm xd hpi (tri thiic, kl ndng vd tinh cdm) thi tilp cpi md hinh CTNL theo cdc thdnh phin kinh nghipm xd h$i cua D ^ g Thdnh Himg (Hmh 1) Id thuylt phyc hom cd, nd dupc nhilu nhd gido dye ilng hO, dp dyng vd phdt triln trong tiing linh vyc cy till
KiafaS-KTxao ]
Hinh 1 Cdc thdnhphdn kinh nghiem xd hpi phdn dnh nhirng ndng lire chung nhat
cua con ngutrt
Trang 3KJHOAHOC Ngityin Van H^nh
Co the hdlu ve nhflng nang luc chung
nh^t ciia con ngu6i nhu sau:
(1) Hilu biet nhihig tri thiic ve th6
gidi vh cdc phuong thiic hoat d0ng 6k thu
dupc tri thtitc iy D61^ NSng lyc Hilu
(2) Kl nSng - Id xao dl hi^n thuc h6a
cdc phucmg tiiiic ho^t d$ng n6i tren a ban
thdn D6 \k Ndng l\rc Lam
(3) Kinh n ^ ^ bilu cdm, thi hifn
cdm xiic vd gid tr} Dd Id Ndng l\ic Cdm
(4) S\r thli^ nhat cua ba ndng lyc
Hilu, L ^ vh Cdm 6 cd nhdn D6 Id NSng
lyc Phat triln (Sdng t£io) [5], [6]
YIU t6 cot iSi trong bat cii ndng lire
cy till nao diu la ki ndng (ho$c nhfhig kl
i^ng) Trong ndng lyc Ldm, ylu t6 ki ndng
dupc bilu hi^n r5 rdng nhdt, c6n trong
ndi^ lyc Hilu vd Cdm thi vSn c6 lu ndng,
nhimg d6 Id nhfhig kl nSng h ^ nhu: phan
tich, so sdnh, dp dyng cdi^ thiic, tinh todn
Id! ndng bilu dat cdm xdc, bit binh, hai
Idng, ling xii, phdn d6i
Theo (Dnh 1, ndng lyc thdng qua hpc
tdp m^ ngudi hpc c6 dupc chmh la su
thing nhdt hai h&a, Ididng thi tdch rdi nhau
cda 3 ndng lyc Hilu, Ldm vd Cdm tao ra
tfnh todn v^n, hlnh thdnh ndng l\rc nghi
nghifp mdi 6 mSi cd nhdn, dua hp l£n trinh
dp mdi, cao horn, hinh thdnh n6n chit mdi
-ndng lyc mdi is cd nhan Ndng luc ndy d$t
nln mdng cho ndng lyc Phdt triln, thdc day
sy Sdng tao trong nghi nghifp d mSi cd
nhdn, Sdng tgo dugrc xem nhu Id thupc tinh
cd nhdn, ldm ndy sinh nhihig ^ tudng mdi
vd dupc xem Id ndng lyc Phdt triln d moi
cdnhan
Ddo t?u) theo ndng lyc cd hai m$t: 1)
Xem ndng lyc Id mye ti6u ddo tgo Id kit
quA gido dye; va 2) Xem ndng lyc la kinh
nghifm nln tdng Id chS dya cda gido dye
dde bift la kinh nghifm nln tdng cda ngudi hpc (Vygotsky) [5] Ddo tgo theo ndng lyc phAi thye hifn ca hai phuang difn trfin Do
do, mudn dao tao theo ndng lyc cd hifu qua thi trudc het gido vien phdi hilu bilt dirpc kinh nghifm nln tdng cua ngudi hpc, sau dd xdc dinh mye tiSu dao tao (kit qua gido dye) phu hpp vdi nhu eiu xd hOi Nhu vdy, ban chat chung nhit cua dao t^o theo nang lijrc Id vifc phdt triin kinh nghiem nen tang ciia ng^di hgc theo hirdng ddp ung muc tieu dao t^o HTTN chinh !a H thuyet hpc tdp ddng vai trd trung tam trong dao tgo theo ndng lyc, bdi vi nd chi ra cdc hoat dpng hpc tap cy the cua ngudi hpc de phat trien Idnh nghifm nln tang (hay kinh nghifm cy the) budng din mye tieu ddo tao Tnmg tam trong li thuyet HTTN cda Kolb Id mpt md lunh
HTTN (Kolb's model of experiential
learing) mo ta qud trinh hpc tap tir kinh
nghifm cua ngudi hpc thong qua bin giai
dogn: 1) Kinh nghi$m cu thi (hpc tgp thong
qua cdc hoat dpng, hanh vi, tiiao tdc cu thi,
tryc tiep gdn vdi bdi cdnh thye tl); 2) Quan
sdt phdn dnh (hpc t^p thong qua quan sat cac
hoat dpng do ngudi khde thuc hien hodc chiem nghifm Igi ban than, suy ngam va due
kit nhftng y tudng trdi nghifm mdi); 3) Khdi
ni$m hda trieu tugng (hpc tap thong qua vifc
xdy dyng cdc khdi nifm, tong hpp va phdn
tich hhOng gi quan sdt dupc); va 4) Thir
nghifm (hpc tgp thong qua nhihig de xuit,
thd nghifm cdc phuong dn gidi quyet van dl) [7], [8], [9] D I gidi thich sy phat hiln ndng lyc tii kinh nghifm nen tang cua ngudi hpc, chdng toi da kit hpp md hmh HTTN cda Kolb va mo hinh CTNL cda D^g Thdnh Hung (xem Hmh 2)
Trang 4l«)AHOC T^ 14, SS 1(2017): 179-187
Ninglve SfagtO
flinA Z M6 hinh HTTN ciia Kolb vd
Hpc tdp sS xuit phdt tit mOt mdu
thuin gifta Kinh nghipm cy thi vd Khdi
ni$m hda trim tupng, hilu dem gidn thi dd
chinh Id mdu thuSn gifta cdi dd biet vd cdi
chua biet Ngudi hpc sii dyng cdc kinh
nghi|m nln tdng dd cd dl trdi nghipm trong
cdc tinh huong thye nhdm gidi quylt vin
dl, kit qud cua cdc gid tri thye tl cda kinh
nghipm nln tdng dupc phdn xit bdi tu duy
sl dua din nhitag y tudng mdi, cdch lam
mdi vd CO gdng dp dyng thft nghidm nhftng
f tudng mdi dd dl gidi quylt vin dl, tft dd
ngudi hpc due riit ra kinh nghidm mdi vd
nhiing kinh nghi?m ndy s6 dupc su dyng
cho lin trdi n g h i ^ tilp theo Qud trinh ndy
lien tyc diln ra theo hinh xodn Ic se dua
sir phdt triin ndng Ittc cda ngudi hoc
kmh nghidm nln tdng dd cd phdt triln hudng din mye tiSu ddo tao Qua mSi chu trinh hpc t$p, ngudi hpc sg phdt triln cdc ndng lyc Hilu, Ldm, Cdm vd Sdng t ^ Cy thi nhu sau:
Ndng lyre Cdm dupic phdt triln khi cd nhdn trdi nghidm cdc kinh nghifm dd cd trong cdc tinh hulng thye, hp bilu 1$ cdm xuc vdi vifc hpc, bilt dugc lpi ich ciia vifc hpc vdi bdn thdn, sy phdn xft gid trj kinh nghifm dd cd trong thih huong thye s5 cho
hp thiy dupc gid tri vd ^ nghia ciia vifc hpc tdp, dilu ndy sg kich fliich sy suy ngU, tim a i m vd xil 11 flidng tm, ldm tiln dl cho
sy phdt triln ndng lyc Hilu
Ndng lyc Hilu dupc phdt triln khi cd
Trang 5KHOAHOC NguySn Vdn Hgnh
nhan thu thap va xd Ii cac dif lieu, thong tin
cd dupc nhd sy phan xet gid tri cua kinh
nghifm nln tang trong tinh huong thuc,
qua do, ngudi hpc sang tgo ra y tudng mdi,
each lam mdi, giai phap mdi de giai quyet
vdn dl gdp phai Kit qua cua qua trinh nay
la nhung khai nifm mdi va phuang thdc
hoat dpng de thur nghiem nhihig khai niem
mdi nhdm giai quyet van de, lam tien de
cho su phat trien nang lyc Lam
Ndng lyc Lam dupc phat trien khi
ngudi hpc thu nghiem nhirng khai niem
mdi trong vifc giai quyet van de Dd la qua
hinh ngudi hpc hifn thuc hoa moi quan hf
giua nhihig hanh dpng va hf qua xay ra sau
do de lam sang to nhdng y nghia, gia trj
cda khai nifm mdi, giai phap mdi do minh kham pha ra
Sy phat trien va hpp nhit cua cac ndng luc Hieu, Lam, Cam se la tiln dl cho
sy phat trien nang luc Sang tao, dua ngudi hpc len trinh dp moi, cd dupc nang luc mdi sau moi chu trinh hpc tap, hudng den mye tieu dao tgo
De giup giao vien de dang dp dung
mo hinh HTTN ciia Kolb trong dao tgo theo nang lyc, chung toi dinh hudng mpt so hoat dpng HTTN tuong dng vdi bon giai doan hpc tap lam can cu de giao vien cd the thiet ke boat dpng trai nghifm cho ngudi hpc (xem Hinh 3)
Tn/c ti^p trai nghiem
Nho' vi phan anh kinh nghiem Tl&l nghidm trong phdng thirc hinhl thi nghidm
I
Mo phong
I ?
Phim anh/being % Vidu tai giang < ^ c*
^
Nghien tallleu, tap chi
1 •
Phan xet ki^n thi>c, ddi tu-o-ng
t
Dh xu4t dir in
I Xay dirng mo hinh ly thuyet
L
Hinh 3 Hieu qud mot so hogt dgng HTTN
Hinh 3 cho thay giao vien cd thi lua
chpn va thiet ke cdc hoat dpng HTTN vdi
sy tham gia chu dpng cua ngudi hpc tuong
dng vdi bdn giai doan hpc tap Nhung hoat
dpng d vanh ngoai cua md hinh cho phep
mpt su tham gia chu dpng cua ngudi hpc Idn hem trong qua trinh hpc tap, trong khi gan trung tam se han che sy tham gia cua ngudi hpc Tuy thupc vao dieu kien day hpc cu the va dac diem cua ngudi hpc ma
Trang 6KHOAHOC Tdp 14, si 1 (2017): 179-187
gido viSn nfn c6 gdng lya chpn cdc hojit
dfng d vdnh ngodi, vi sS thiic diy sy hpc
tfp chd dpng cua ngudi hpc, hp sS trd
thdnh cdc "diln vifn chinh" ciia ldp hpc
2.Z Cdc md hlnh thiet ki bdi hfc Iheo
hudng phdt triin ndng /{ic eiia nguiii hpc
Theo Hinh 2, vifc hpc tfp cd thi bdt
diu tft bit eft giai do?n ndo trong md hinh
HTTN cia Kolb tfty thufc vdo mye tiSu vd
nfi dung hpc tfp, dfc dilm ciia ngudi hpc
vd vifc to chftc d?y hpc ciia gido vifn Vdi
mli npi dung hpc tfp cy thi (tuong ftng vdi
mft khdi nifm sy kifn, sy vdt, bdi tfp,
nguyta Ii ) cua bdi hpc, ngudi hpc ludn
phdi trdi qua bin giai d o ^ hpc tfp ca bdn,
tuong img vdi mli giai dojn hpc tfp s8 Id
nhftng ho^t dpng HTTN Mft khde, kit qud
gido dye trong mSi npi dung hpc tfp cy thi
sS thudng nhdn m ^ din sy phdt triln cua
mft trong ba i^ng lyc Hieu - Ldm - Cdm
hon nhQng ndng lyc cdn lai Vi vfy, chiing
ta cd thi phdn chia ldm ba lo^ md hlnh
thilt kl bdi hpc Id: 1) Md hhih thilt kl bdi
hpc Cdm - Hilu - Ldm; 2) Mo hinh thiet kl
bdi hpc Hilu - Ldm - Cdm; vd 3) Md hinh
fliilt kl bdi hpc Ldm - Cdm - Hilu
121 Mo hinh thiit ki bai hpc Cdm - HUu
- Ldm (xem Bdng 1)
Trong md hinh ndy, tuong ling vdi moi nfi dung hpc tfp ciia bai hpc, gido viSn cho ngudi hpc dupc trdi nghifm bdy
td kinh nghifm ciia minh trong nhftng tmh hudng thye tl/ nhifm vy hpc tfp trong mdi trudng eho phep sy an todn, sau dd Id cdc hoat dpng quan sdt vd phdn dnh gid trj kmh nghifm dd c6 ciia bdn thdn dl thiy dupc nhftng thilu sdt, tir dd tim kilm sy gifip dd ciia gido viSn vd ban bd nhdm xdy dyng khdi nifm mdi vd thii nghifm dl gidi quylt
dupc vin dl Ddy chinh la hgc t$p qua sai
l4m, qua chia sf kinh nghifm vd cim xiic M8 hinh Cam - Hilu - Ldm nhin
manh din stt phdt triln Ning lyre Cim
hom cdc ndng lyc khde Vi vfy, nd phil hpp vdi nhiing ngudi hpc cd xu huong vl nghf thuft, gidu tri tudng tupng vd tinh cdm, quan tdm din h o ^ dfng cua mpi ngudi nhu: Tilng Anh, Lich su, Trilt hpc, Chinh trj hpc, Ngon ngft hpc Am n h ^ , Dien vi€n
Bdng 1 Khung thiet ke bdi hpc Cdm - Hieu - Ldm
\ Ho?t
\d$ng
N$i \
dung \
N$i dung 1
Nfi dung 2
Nfi dung 3
Hoft d^ng hQC t§p Kinh nghidm
cy thi
Ho^tdfngl.t
Ho^t dfng
2.1
v.v
Quan sit phin inh Hofit dfng 1.2 Ho^t dfng 2.2 v.v
Khii ni^m h6a trjhi tirqrng Ho9t dfng 1.3 Ho9t dfng 2.3 v.v
Thir nghidm Ho^t dfng 1.4 Ho?t dfng 2.4 v.v
H09t dfng d^y
hQC Ho9t dfng
1 Ho»t dfng
2 v.v •
HQC li$u, phinmg ti$ii,
tbiti gian
P h i ^ u b i i t l ^ -10' Thf nghifm -20* v.v
Trang 7KriOAHOC Nguyen Vdn Hgnh
Khi thiet ke bai hpc, giao vien can cu
vao muc tieu dao tao de thi^t ke cac npi
dung hpc tap, tuong ung vdi moi noi dung
hpc tap, giao vien se thiet ke ian lupt bon
hoat dpng HTTN (hoat dong 1.1 1.2, 1.3,
1.4) dl dan dat ngudi hpc di qua bon giai
doan cua viec hpc tap Can cd vao nhung
hoat dpng hpc tap, giao vien se thiet ke cac
hoat dpng day hpc, hpc lieu, phuong tien
va thdi gian tucmg ung
2.2.2 Mo hinh thiet ke bdi hoc Hieu - Lam
- Cdm
Nang luc Hieu (bao gom tri thuc ve
the gidi va nhung phuang thuc hoat dpng
dk CO dupc tri thuc) dupc phat Irien qua hai
giai doan hpc tap la Quan sat phan anh va
Khai ni^m hoa truu tupng, nen mo hinh
thilt ke bai hpc Hieu - Lam - Cam c6 hai
mo hinh nho
(i) Mo hinh thiet ke bai hoc Hieu
(Quan sdt phdn dnh) - Ldm - Cdm (xem
Bdng 2)
Hpc tap dupc bat dau bang viec
Bdng 2 Khung thiet ke bdi hoc Hit
ngudi hpc sir dung kinh nghiem da co de quan sat hoat dpng ciia ngudi khac hoSc ciia chinh ban than minh trong nhung su kien, tinh huong, bang chung thuc te Qua
do, hp suy ngam nham ket noi nhCmg kinh nghiem da c6 den nhimg kien thuc mdi trong moi npi dung hpc tap Tir nhirng kien thirc mdi do, ngudi hpc tien hanh thir nghiem va ren luyen de co dupc kinh nghiem mdi Ngudi hpc coi trpng vai tro ciia li thuyet khoa hpc hem thuc tien, giao vien Ihudng day hpc bang nhimg bai giang
va sy phan tich hop li co logic he thong Day chinh la hpc bang suy nghi li tri Mo hinh Hieu (Quan sat phan anh) Lam -Cam nhan manh den su phat trien nang lyc Hieu (duoi dang nhan thire c^c tri thuc khoa hpc ve the gioi) Hon nhimg nang luc khac Vi vay, mo hinh nay phu hgp \'di nhtjrng ngudi hpc co xu hudng ve thong tin xa hpi va khoa hpc ty nhien nhu: Toan, Vat li, Hoa Kinh t l , Xa hpi hpc, Sinh hoc
u (Quan sdt phdn dnh) - Ldm - Cdm
\ Hoat
dung \
N^i dung 1
Npi dung 2
Hoat dpng hpc tap Quan sdt
phan ^nh
Hoat dpng
1.!
Ho9t dong
2.1
Npi dung 3 v v
Kh^inifH!
h6a triru tupng
Hoat dpng
1 2 Hoat dgng 2.2
v v
Thu- nghivm
Hoat dpng 1,3 Hoat dpng
2 3
v v ,
Kinh nghifm
cy the
Hoat dpng
1 4 Hoat dpng
2 4
vv
Hoat
dpng
da> hpc
Hoat dpng
I
Hoat dt)ng
2
v v
Hpc lifu, phuong ti^n, th6*i gian
Phieu bai tap
Thi nghidm
-20'
v v
(ii) Mo hinh ihiei ke bdi h(>c Hic'u (Khdi
niem hoa irmi tuong) - Ldm - Cam (xem
Bdng 3)
Tuong img vdi moi npi dung hpc tap
viec hpc se bat dau bing viec ap dung nhCmg
khai niem mm trim tuong trong vice de xuat cac \' tudng mdi, each lam mdi, giai phap mdi nham giai quyet nhiem vu hpc tap Qua
do ngutri hpc tien hanh cac hoat dong tliii nehiem ren luven de co kmh nchicm mdi
Trang 8KrIOAHOC T$pl4,SSl(2017):179-lS7
quan sat, suy ngam !^ nhQng gi da h^c, tir
do nit ra chan U, gia tri cua tri thuc Day
chinh la h9c qua l^m vifc Mo hinh Hieu
(Khai nifm h6a truru tirgng) - L^m - Cam
nhan manh din sif phat triln nSng l\rc
Hieu (du-dd d^ng nhan thux; cdc phirong
thirc hoat dpng de cd datfc tri thu-c) hem
cic nSng l^c khac Vi vay, mo hmh nay phu h9p vcri nhiing ngudi hpc co xu huong ve ki thu^t, cong ngh?, nhu: KI thuat xay dpig, Sinh thai hgc, Co khi, Dpng Ivc, KI thuat hoa hpc
Bdng 3 Khung thiet ke bdi hpc Hieu - Lam - Cdm
\ Ho?t
\ a^ng
dung \
Npi dung 1
N$i dung 2
N^i dung 3
Hoft d$ng hpc t$p
K h i i ni^m
hda trim
tlTQTIg
Ho^t d§ng
l.i
Ho?t dpng
2.1
v.v
Thii- nghidm
Ho^t dpng 1.2
Ho^t dpng
2.2 v.v
Kinh nghidm
c y t b l
Ho^t dpng 1.3 Ho^t dpng 2.3 v.v
Quan sdt
p h i n i n h
Hojit d^ng
1.4 Ho^t d$ng
2.4 v.v
Ho9t dpng d^y hpc Ho^it dOng
1 H09t d0ng
2 v.v
Hpc li^u,
ph irong ti^n, thJri gian
P h i ^ u b ^ i t ^ p
-10'
Thf nghidm
-2 0 ' v.v
2.2.3 Mo hinh thiet ke bdi hgc Ldm - Cdm
- Hieu (xem Bdng 4)
Vi^c hoc tap bat dau bang viec thur
nghipm nhihig phuang thiic hoat dpng de
CO dupc tri thiic, trong suot qua trinh nay,
nguoi hpc Hen t\ic danh gia va di^u chinh
each lamde nh3m dat dupc mye tieu hpc
tip dual s\i giiip da cua giao vien va b ^
be Sau boat dpng thii nghipm la vipc ap
di^g vao thi^c tien cupc s6ng d^ c6 dupc
nhihig kinh nghiem mai cho ban thSn,
nhimg quan sat suy ngim vg kinh nghi?m
moi se giiip nguoi hpc hieu biet sau sdc han ve nhimg boat dpng thii nghipm da tien hanh tniac do Day chinh 1^ hpe qua sao chep bat chir^c Mo hinh Lam - Cam Hiiu nhan miinh den sijr phdt triln nSng lure L^m ban nhihig nang I\ic Ichac
Vi vay, mo hinh nay phu hpp vai nhimg ngudri hpc c6 xu hudng v6 tilp thi, ban hang, thuyet phyc nguai khac nhu: Cong tac xa hpi, Quan Ii giao dye, Doanh nhan, Yhpc, Kien tnic
Bang 4 Khung thiit ki bdi hqc Ldm - Cdm - Hiiu
\ Ho?t
\ d$ng
NOi \
dung \
Npi dung 1
Ngii dung 2
Npi dung 3
Ho^t dpng hpc t^p Thir nghidm
Hogt dpng
1.1
Ho^t dpng
2.1
v.v
Kinh nghifm cy th^
Hogt dpng 1.2 Hogt dpng 2.2 v.v
Quan s i t phin i n h
Hogt d$ng 1,3 Hogt dpng 2.3 v.v
K h i i nifm hda trim tuvng
Hoat dpng 1.4 Hogt d0ng 2.4 v.v
Ho^t d^ng d^y hpc
Hogt dpng 1 Hogt dpng 2 v.v
Hpc li|u, pbutmg ti$n, thfri gian
Philu bai
t g p - 1 0 ' Thf nghi§m
- 2 0 '
v.v
Trang 9t^^AHCXy Nguyin Van Hv«h
3 K^tluan ph*' trien ntog l\ic Hilu, Ltaa, CSm v4
NghiSn cilu dS Urn s4ng t6 vai tr6 Stog tjio Giao viSn cin cfa cil vio sd trung tim cia 11 thuyet HTTN trong dJo thich, chuySn m6n nghi nglii$p, kmh t?o theo nSng lyo S\r kit hpp giiia m5 hinh nghifm nln tang da 06 cila ngudi hpc dl HTTN ciia Kolb v4 md Unh CTNL cua Ivra chpn md hinh thilt ke bM hpc theo D^g Thanh Hung dS gidi thich dupc c ^ hudng tich cvrc h6a nhim mang 1^ hifu hoiit dpng hpc t$p cila ngudi hpc nhim qui cao trong hpc t$p
TAI Lifu THAIW KHAO
1 Ban Chip htah Trung uong Dang C$ng sin Vi$t Nam (2013), Nghi quyit so 29-NQ/TW ve"
dot mdi cdn bdn, todn di0n gido dtfC vd ddo tgo, ddp dng yiu cdu cong nghidp hoa, hi4n dgi hda trong diiu ki§n kinh ti thi trudng dinh hudng xd hdi chit nghia vd hpi nhgp quoc te, ngdy 04 thdng 11 ndm 2013
2 Dewey, J (1938, 1998 by iCappa Delta Pi), Kinh nghiem vd gido due: The 6(f Annbiersary Edition, bin djch cua Ph?m Anh Tuan, Nxb TrS nta 2011, TP Ho Ch! Minh
3 Dewey, J (1916), i3dn cW vd g/do rfnc Ph?m Anh Tuan djch, Nxb Tri thic, 2014,HiNOi
4 Nguyin VSn Hjnh, L6 Thj Thu Thiiy (2015), "Li thuyet hpc tip dira vio trii nghiSm: Li lu^
vi thye tiSn", Tgp chi Gido dye vd XS hdi cda Hiep hpi cdc trudng Bgi hpc vd Cao ddng
Vietnam, sl S3 (114), thing 8/2015, tr.54-50
5 DJng Thinh Hung (2012), "Ning liic vi giio dye theo tilp c # nSng l\rc", Tgp chi Qudn li
gido dttc, sl 43, thing 12/2012, HiN$i
6 D?ng Thinh Hung, Trjnh Thj Hong Hi, Nguyin Khii Hoin, Tiln Vu Khinh (2012), Li
thuyit phtrang phi^ ligy hgc, Nxb Dai hpc Thii NguySn, Thii Nguyen
7 Kolb, D (1984), Experiential leaming: Experience as the source of leaming and
development Englewood Cliffs, NJ; Prentice-Hail
8 Kolb, D A., Boyatzis, R., & Mainemelis, C (2001), Experiential leaming theory: Previous
research and new directions In R Sternberg & L Zhang (Eds.), Perspectives on cognithfe
leammg, and thinking styles: 228-247 Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
9 Kolb, D A & A Y (2005), Leaming Styles and Leaming Spaces: Enhancing Experiential
Leaming in Higher Education, Academy of Management Leaming & Education, Vol 4, No
2 (Jun., 2005), pp 193-212