GIAO DUG DAI HOC DjNH HLfdNG NGHE NGHIEP 6 MOT SO NUdC ASEAN VA BAI HOC THAM KHAO CHO VIET NAM GIAO THI HOANG YEN* GIAO THI KHANH NGOC** Tom tdt Gido due dgi hoc dinh kiidng nghi nghiep dng dung (Prof[.]
Trang 1GIAO DUG DAI HOC DjNH HLfdNG
NGHE NGHIEP 6 MOT SO NUdC ASEAN
VA BAI HOC THAM KHAO CHO VIET NAM
GIAO THI HOANG YEN* GIAO THI KHANH NGOC**
Tom tdt: Gido due dgi hoc dinh kiidng nghi nghiep dng dung (Professional Oriented
Higher Education - POHE) dang Id xu kudng did yiu trong phdt triin dgi hgc d nkiiu niidc Uu diim cua POHE la sU kit hgp gida gidng dgy ly thuyit vd trdi ngkiem thuc ti nghi nghiip Hinh t/idc ddo tgo ndy quan tdm nhieu han din uiic cung cdp tri thdc ud
ky ndng nghi nghiip cua ngUdi ligc, coi trgng sU hin kit gida nkd triidng ud cdc ca sd sdn xudt kinh doank Cdc trUcmg dgi hgc d mpt so nddc ASEAN nhu Singapore, Malaysia, Tkdi Lan diu coi trgng POHE vd col dd Id trgng tdm hUdng tdi cda nin gido due dgi hgc qudc gia Bdi uiit ndy di cap din bdn ckdt cda gido due dgi hgc dink kUdng nghe nghiep vd nhdng npi dung ue POHE d mdt so nUdc ASEAN vd rut ra mpt so bdi kgc cho Viit Nam
Tit khoa: Gido due dgi hgc dlnh hudng nglii nghiep (POHE); Cdi cdch gido due dgi
kgc; Dgi hgc dinh hudng nghe: Dgi hgc Singapore; Dgi kgc Malaysia; Dgi hgc Thdi Lan
Mdf dau dinfa faudng n g h i nghiflp itog dung, tfle la
Giao due dai fape (GDDH) faien nay, d S ^ ^^^ ^ao tao ly tfauyg't vdi thuc faanh, pfauong Dflng cflng nfafl pfauong Tay, dang ^^^ gi^° ^^^ ^^''^ ^^^'^ *i^" f^ghe ngfaiep
dffng trude ngudng cffa cda cugc cdcfa mang ^ ^ y '^ "^9t xu hffdng Idiflng the cffdng lai
cong nghigp l l n thff tff (FIR - Tke Fourth ^^^ " ^ ^ ^DDH the gidi noi ehung, cua Viet
Industrial Revolution) mgt eupc each Nam vd eae nffde trong Cflng dong ASEAN
mang rad theo dff bao, dang va se tao ra "°i ^^^"^S- ^ 1"^ ^^' "o chffng td thanfa tien de va cff fafli cfao sff fapi tu gifla ffng ^^"^S hay tfaat bai cua raflt nen giao due dai dung vat ly va flng dung ky tfauat so' lara ^9^ l^oc ^^' *^ tfaffdc do Idem efaitog chat xuat hien Internet cua vgn vdt {Internet of ^W"& GDDH trong tfaUc tifln
Tkings ' loT) Vi vay, nen GDDH hifln Trong bdi vifl't nay, muc dieh eua chung
dang dffng trUdc rapt tfaacfa tfafle vfi cting tfii Id tim faieu ldnfa ngfaiem cua mgt so' ldn, dd la •viec gan giao due dai fagc vdi nffde ASEAN trong giao due dai fapc (iinfa
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faffdng nghe nghiep flng dung, eu the la d
ba qufi'c gia Singapore, Thai Lan, Malaysia;
tff dd, rut ra mflt so bdi fagc cho Viet Nara
1 Cach hife'u v e g i a o d u e d a i h g c d i n h
hifofng n g b l n g h i d p
Giao due dai hoc dinh hffdng nghe
ngfaiep tfng dung (Professional Oriented
Higher Education - POHE) la gi va mang
nfli ham nfaff tfae' ndo, efao dfl'n nay, nfain
chung vdn chffa cd mfit khdi niem tfafi'ng
nfaat Dai de, ngffdi ta cd the faieu rang,
POHE la sff ke't fagp gifla ly tfauyfl't fadn
lam va kmfa nghiflm tfaffe tifln, la sff g i n
kfl't cfaat che cde dau vao (Inputs) tfl thfl'
gidi ldnh doanfa (world of business) nham
tdc dflng trd lai bdng eac each thfle mem
deo (flexible way), dfl'n nhflng thay doi can
thig't eua thi trffdng lao dflng O day, lgi ich
tfl'i da eua ngffoi hpc la mufl'n ed dffge cdc
tri thflc va ky nang n g h i nghiflp cap nfaat
va pfau fagp vdi thffc tifln lufin bien doi
hang ngdy Tfaeo dd, nfattog ngffdi mdi tfl't
ngfaigp dai fape, cac dfl an va cac dfi'i t i e eua
ede cfing ty, eae to efaflc pfai lgi nfaudn va
Idiu vtic cflng pfaai la mfit bfl pfadn fagp
tfaanfa g i n lien vdi thffe tien (an
integrative part of a practice) Ro rdng d
day, sff phdt trien ede cfaffffng trinfa giang
day d trffdng dai fapc POHE pfaai dffffe xay
dffng trfln co sd tfaffe tiln, no dbi fadi su
tfaig't lap raang ludi quan fag gan gui giffa
cac trffdng dai fape vd tfaue tifln cua tfae gidi
•viflc lam (world of works)
TrUdng dai fapc theo mo fainh truyen
thfl'ng lau nay tfaudng tap trung vdo giang
day vd nghifln cffu nfaim tim kig'm tri thffe
radi Mo fainfa dai hpe nay ngay nay v l n
cho tie'n bp xa hfii Tuy nfaien, kfai sff pfaat trien m a n h rae eiia n i n kinh te' tri thffc dang bil'n tri thffc tfadnh lfle Iffdng san xud't trffc tie'p, thi vai trb eiia cdc trffdng dai hoc dang trd n e n da dang hffn Tfaeo
do, eac trffdng dai fape khflng cfai ddo tao ra, cdc nhd kfaoa hpc n h a m kham pha tri thflc mdi, ma cbn cd nfaiem vu cung ed'p eho xa hpi rapt Iffc lugng lao dpng co trinh dp cao, dem dfl'n cho hp nhttog Ide'n thffc v i ky ndng n g h i nghiflp md thi trffdng lao dpng dang dbi fadi d l fag cd t h e tham gia trffc tie'p vdo he tfafl'ng san xud't, quan tri, ldnh doanh, dicfa vu vd ed t h e lam viec vdi ehit Iffgng tfl't nfaat sau Idii tfl't ngfaiflp Muc tieu ndy rd rdng cd Idile biflt vdi muc tiflu ciia cac trffdng dai hpe theo mfl Mnfa truyln thfl'ng, nen nd dbi hdi mpt each tie'p can Idiac
GDDH theo mfl famh POHE ra ddi va
t i n tai song faanfa vdi cic dai fapc ngfaifln Clfu nhffng nd dam nfaan mgt sff menh Idiae, do la sfl m e n h pfaue "VIJ tnic tie'p thi trUdng lao dgng, bao gom ca thi tnidng dia phuang, qufi'c gia va qufi'c tfl' Tuy nfaifln, de tfaffe hifln sff menh do, cdc trffdng ed pfaan khuc POHE can n h a n m a n h vao vige thffc hanfa ngfae nghiep trong hoat dpng ddo tao
vd nfaan manfa de'n t i n h cha't ffng dung trong faoat dflng nghien cflu Nhff vdy, eae trffdng dai fape theo mfl hinh tmyen tfao'ng' vdn ed tfae cd phdn kfauc POHE trong hoat dflng dao tao; hay noi edefa khdc, muc tieu truyen thfl'ng va pfaan Idiuc POHE trong' dao tao v l n cd the ton tai song song d mpt trffdng dai hpe
Dde tiung ciia POHE la mfl'i quan hfl chat che vdi thg' gidi viee lam the hien
Trang 3ddo tao eiia trffdng dai hpc Cfaffffng trinfa
dao tao POHE dffa trfln ho so ndng lUc
nghi nghiflp, dugc xay diing thflng qua
khao sdt y k i l n eiia nfad tuyin dung va
ngfaifln cult nfau elu eiia tfafl' gidi •viflc Idra
mflt edeh cd hfl thfl'ng "Ndng lUc nghi
nghiep" d ddy dugc h i i u Id kha ndng vdn
dung hai hba kig'n thffc, ky nang vd thdi dp
trong faoat dpng ngfai nghiep Cfauong
trinfa POHE pfaan anfa cacfa tie'p can tieh
fagp, trong dd kien thffc ly thuyet kfl't fagp
vdi tfaffe faanh va dao tao cac ky nang mira
tap trung vao thffc faanfa ngfai ngfaiflp cua
sinfa vifln Phffcmg pfadp giang day POHE
nfaan manfa dfl'n sff tUffng tae va fadp tdc,
ky ndng ldm viee tfaeo nfadm va kfaa nang
faoat dpng dpe lap, nhU lam do an to't
nghiflp, thUe hifln dU dn; nhd vay ma sinh
•vifln se cd co fafli tiai nghiflm, pfadt t r i l n sff
sing tao va tinh than trach nhiflm trong
eflng viee
Viflc danh gid kg't qua hpe tap cua sinh
vien POHE cung nhat quan vdi muc tiflu
eiia chffong trinfa, khfing cfai ddnh gia Idfl'n
thffc ly thuyfl't tfaeo lo'i truyen tfao'ng, md
cdn danh gia hgp phan fapc tdp, tffc la qud
trtnh thffc hanfa trong tfaUc te' ciia thg' gidi
•viflc lam; ching faan nfaU, danfa gia Idia
nang cua sinfa vifln trong thffc faanh n g h i
ngfaiflp, trong viee sff dung ede eong cu dae
tntog cua ngfae ngfaiep, sff dung pfaong thi
nghiem, cac thifl't hi mfl phong, v.v
Hoat dpng nghifln cflu ctia mfi hinfa
POHE eung ehii yfl'u tap trung vao eac dfl
tdi flng dung, chuyin giao cfing ngfae va
cai tie'n ngfae nghiflp Tfaeo do, eae cau hdi
ngfaign cffu dffpc fainh tfaanfa can ban trong
rafl'i quan be mat tfaie't vdi tfafl' gidi vifle
POHE cung thudng hffdng tdi viec giai quye't eac van de/bai t o i n nay sinh tff tfaffe tifln n g h i nghiflp
Nhff vay, tfl each hiiu trfln ddy ve nfaitog ddc (Ulm eua POHE eho tha'y, cfauong trtnh POHE cfai cd the thffc faien duge trong mo'i quan fae gan bd ehdt ehe vdi tfag' gidi -viee lam Cde doanh nghiflp, cac to cfaffe kmfa tfl',
xa fapi, n g h i nghiep trong tttog linh vffc chuygn nganh ed vai trd raang tinfa quyfl't dinh dfl'i vdi viflc hifln thffe hoa eac ehffcmg trinh POHE Hp la nhitog dia ehi eung ca'p thflng tin ve nfaitog bffdc pfadt trien mdi trong ehuygn nganfa, giffp tnfdng dai hpe xay dffng fao so nang Iffe nghi nghigp vd cap nfaat cfaffOog trinfa dao tao; cung cap mfii trffdng fape tap, faudng dan do I n , pfaai dien gia de'n vdi cae sinfa faoat cfauygn mfin ciia nfad trffdng, fafl trg co sd vat ehit trang tfaie't bi tfaffe faanfa, la dfi'i tac ciia tnidng dai fape trong ede hoat dgng faUdng nghiep, hpi cfag "vifle lara, tff van tuyen sinfa va dong tfadi la cdc nha tuyen dung day tiem nang Ngoai ra, ho cbn la noi ngu ra ede bdi todn cln giai quye't trong hoat dpng chuyfln ngdnfa, eung cap ldnh phi ngfaifln ctiu cho tnfo'ng nham giai quyg't cde bdi toan dat ra; qua dd, gdp phan tang effcfng ndng Iffc nghien eifu cua trffdng
Trong thuc tg', GDDH dinh faudng ngfai ngfaiep ung dung da dffgc cde quo'e gia chau
Au va My van dung tfl ldu va faien da eo chfl dffng Idia vffng efaae d eac nffde cflng ngfaiep pfaat trien nfaU My, /Vnfa, Dflc, Pfadp, Ha Lan, P h a n Lan, Dan Maeh, Thuy Dien, Na Uy Tuy chffa cd mpt dinh ngfaia tho'ng nhd't nao, nfaitog tffu trung, dd la he tfafi'ng GDDH nfaan manfa de'n viec phat
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nghe nghiep trong qua trinfa ddo tao ThUc
tfl' khung faoang kinh t l va sff thd't ngfaiflp
trdn lan trong nfaung tfaap ky gan ddy eiia
n,en kinfa tfl' tfae' gidi dang Id rainfa chting
cho viec coi trpng ky ndng thffc faanh va
nhffng nang Iffe ed dffpe thflng qua trai
nghiflra thffe tg' dang -trd thdnh Lfu tien sfl'
mflt dfl'i vdi ede nhd tuyen dung
2 Kinh n g h i e m ciia m g t s o niidfc
ASEAN v e g i a o d u e d a i h o c dinh
hifdfng n g h e nghi§p)
Cde nffde ASEAN la nhttog nffde dang
phdt trien di sau, dupe thffa hudng eac
thanh tUu v l pfaat trien giao due dai hoc d
ca pfauong Dflng l l n phffong Tdy Trong
nhitog thap ky gan day, chd't Iffpng GDDH
d mpt sfi' nffde ASEAN da co nhflng tifl'n bfl
vugt bde; theo dd, nhilu tnfdng dai hpe d
Singapore, Tfadi Lan, Malaysia,
Indonesia da cd tfln trong Bang xe'p hang
cde trUdng dai hpe hang dau cfaau A'^'
Dieu do cho tha'y, GDDH d cae nffde Dflng
Nam A ngdy cang dffgc xa hfii tin nhiflm,
dap ling dupe ede yflu cau phdt trien ldnh
te' - xa hfli cfao npi dia, Idiu -vuc vd qufl'c tg'
- O Singapore: Singapore Id mpt dd't
nUde nfad be, faau nhu khong co tdi nguyfln
tfaifln nhien, eac nguyen lieu phan ldn dffOc
nhdp tfl nude ngoai de tai ehe' vd pfaue vu
efao tai xud't Ichau Nen Idnfa te qufl'c gia
ehu ye'u dua vao bufin ban, eae nganh dicfa
vu va giao due; -vi vay, Singapore rat coi
trpng vd tap trung diu tu cfao nganfa gido
due Ke't qua la qufl'c gia nay dang so faffu
rapt nen giao due, dac biet la GDDH, thupe
loai tfl't nfaat tfae gidi Bi quyg't thanfa cflng
cua GDDH Singapore la d su dinfa faudng
va dau tU dung d i n cfao pfadt trien gido due
dai faoe; theo dd, GDDH nffde nay ddt mue tieu eao nha't cho viec phat huy Idia ndng nghien cflu va n a n g life thffc hanh ciia sinh
•vien sau kfai tfl't nghiflp ra trffdng
O cdc tnidng dai hpe Singapore, ke ea trudng eflng va trffdng tff, deu rat ehu trpng vifle hpc ly thuyg't kfl't hpp vdi tfaue hanh (hpe di dfii vdi hanh) Muc tieu eiia ehuong trtnh dao tao dai hpc Id nfaara thda man vdi tigu ehi ehuyen sau, dong tfadi pfau hop vdi thffc tifln va xu faffdng phat trien eua chuyfln ngdnfa Cac trffdng dai fagc d Singapore tfaffdng lien kfl't ddo tao vdi cae trffdng dai fapc d Anh, My, Phap, Australia nham cap nhat hda cfaffffng trinfa dao tao
de phu hgp vdi xu hudng chuygn sau va chuyfln ngdnfa; dflng tfadi cung d l tan dung ldnfa nghiflm dao tao ky ndng d nfaffng tnidng cd uy tin cua cae eudng quo'e giao due faang dau thfl' gidi Tfaem vdo dd, d eac dai fapc Singapore, ngoai cae Idfl'n thffc vc
ly tfauyfl't, sinfa vien cung dugc eung ed'p eac ldnfa ngfaiera tfauc tfl' tai cac pfadng thi nghiera ciia trffdng, tham cfai nfailu sinh vien cbn ed co hqi duge lam viflc trong cac
du an nghien cffu ciia eae doanh nghigp Kinfa nghiem ldm vifle tfaue te', cung nhU cac Id nang thuc h d n h dd la rat c l n thie't efao tfadnfa cflng eua sinfa vien sau Icfai hp tfl't nghigp ra trudng va di lam
Mflt trong nhffng tnicfng dai fapc cd kinh nghiflm to't nha't ve POHE d Singapore
pfaai ke dfl'n la Hoc uien P/idt triin Qudn ly
Singapore (MDIS) Tnfcmg MDIS co 8
Kfaoa cfauygn nganfa, gflm: Kinfa doanfa, Khoa hgc ky tfauat, Thie't ke' thdi trang, Khoa hpe ddi sfl'ng, Truygn thflng dai chung, Tara ly hpe, Cong ngfag, Quan tri du
Trang 5t i e chat ehe vdi cdc doanh ngfaiep chuyen
ngdnh trong va ngoai Smgapore vd co
chffong trinh ddo tao lufln dffge elp nhat vd
gdn ke't vdi thffe tiln san xuat vd kinh
doanh Day cung la co sd dai fapc ed kfl't nfl'i
ve dao tao vdi 7 trffdng dai hpe dfl'i tac'^' d
4 quo'e gia phdt tiien la My, Anh, Pfaap vd
AustraUa, vdi cae eff sd trang thifl't bi hpc
tap Ugn tue dugc nang cap d l dap itog tieu
ehi "hifln dai nhat" Tai day, ben canfa bfl'n
pfaong tfai ngfaigra kfaoa fagc y sinh faien
dai, eac trung tam tfaffe faanfa ve tfaifl't kfl'
tfadi trang, faay xUdng ky thudt cua MDIS,
eung deu duge cap chttog nfaan la "an toan
tuyet dfl'i" eho sfle Idide va lao dgng eua
giang vifln vd sinh vifln Dac biflt, cae
pfaong tfai nghiem eiia Khoa Khoa hpc Y
sinh dugc trang bi day du cae thie't bi tinh
vi, hien dai nhara mang dfl'n trai nghiem
thUc te' ve eac eong nghfl tfl' bdo hifln dai
nha't, bao gom ky tfauat do mau ndng cao,
PCR'3', ley tfauat taefa gel va HPLC*' Cde
giang vign eua Kfaoa eiing deu eac cac tig'n
si trong cde lmh vUc Hgn quan va diu la
nhttog giang vign dam mfl vdi ngfae nghiep,
MDIS cung t u hdo la rapt to chflc ed tracfa
ngfaiera eao vdi xd hfli va mfli trudng, cd cac
cdu lac bp sinfa vifln tfaara gia vdo eac faoat
dpng xa hpi, ma gan d l y nhat la su Iden Le
hfli Xanh Sach Singapore t l efaflc ngay
19/11/2016 tai Capitol Plaza d l Idiuyfl'n
Idiicfa eac hoat dfing nfaim muc tiflu giam,
tdi sff dung vd tdi chl! Cdc sinh vien eua
MDIS da danfa nhieu tara huyfl't de dUa ra
sang kie'n tai chfl' cae lp nhUa thanh eac
bay mufli nham ngan cfadn va han cfafl'
muli Do cfauong trinfa dao tao gan Uln vdi
thuc tign va eo Uen ke't qufi'c tg' rpng rai vdi
ede dai fapc ed uy tin quo'e te' eao, nfln Idfl'n
vien tfi't ngfaiep MDIS dffgc danh gia rat eao, bdng cap eua MDIS dffdc quo'e te' thfla nfaan rflng rai'^' vd sinfa vifln ra tnfcmg cd nhieu co hgi tnidc cdc nhd tuyen dung ca trong vd ngodi nffde
O Malaysia: Gido due dai hpe cf
Malaysia nhttog ndm gan ddy cd nhilu tig'n bp vffpt bac Bdng chffng la trong Bang xe'p hang 300 trffdng dai hpc fadng
d i u cfaau A nam 2017'^', Malaysia cd 9 trffdng Ipt vao bang xe'p h a n g nay so vdi 4 trffdng nam 2016 Ne'u tinh trong npi bp Cflng dong ASEAN, ehi eo 4 nffde cd tfln trong bang xe'p h a n g nay, trong do Malaysia dffng tfafl ba, xg'p sau Singapore
va Thai Lan Vdi chig'n Iffoc giao due dai hpe radi (The Blueprint (2015 -2025) g i n vdi dinh hffdng nghe nghiep ffng dung (POHE), Malaysia dang nfi Iffc d l trd tfaanfa trung tam giao due bde eao eiia the' gidi Cu tfal, GDDH Malaysia dang hffdng tdi mue tiflu nufii dffdng tai ndng trong nffde vd tfau hut sinh vien qufl'c tfl' bdng viee gia tang chat lupng GDDH theo dinh hffdng nghe nghiep ffng dung, pfad'n da'u nam trong top 1/3 eae qufl'c gia faang dau thg' gidi ve efaat Iffpng GDDH Malaysia dat ra mue tigu la, sau kfai tfl't nghiflp cac trffdng dai hpe d nffde ndy ra di lara, sinfa vien kfafing nfaffng dffge trang bi d l y du kie'n tfafle chuyfln mon, rad eon ed d l y du cac ky nang, dao dffc ngfae ngfaiep va traeh nhiem xa hfii vdi bfl'i canh thffc tfl' de
CO t h i gia nfaap trffc tifl'p vao thi trffdng lao dgng Thffc tfl' trong nhflng ndra g i n day, ngan sach danh eho GDDH eua Malaysia khflng ngttog dffpe gia tang, dat 7,7% trong tfl'ng ngdn sdcfa ddnfa efao giao due ndi efaung, trong kfai ty le nay d
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Indonesia Id 3,1%, d Thdi Lan Id 3,0% va
d Nhdt Ban Id 1%''^' Trong vdi tfalp ky
vffa qua, tuyen sinh dai hpe ciia Malaysia
da tdng trffdng 70% vd hien da dat tdi eon
so' 1,2 trieu sinfa vign
De gan vdi dinfa hfldng POHE, theo kfl'
hoach dl ra, Cfainh pfau Malaysia sfl
nhfldng lai quyen k i l m soat giao due dai
fage efao mgt sfi' to chflc dpe lap cd uy tin, cd
kha nang d i p flng cdc tieu ehuan eao trong
khuon kho phdp ly quoe gia Mue tiflu cua
•viec nay Id nham gia tdng quyen tff chii
nhilu facm eho eac dai hpe de cac trffdng eo
t h i d i p ffng nfaanfa ehdng xu hffdng phat
trien giao due dai hpe gan vdi thffc tifln va
kinh tfl' toan clu, dong thcfi gia tang mue
tigu dat ty lfl 80% sfl' sinfa vifln ra trfldng
vao ndra 2025 cd tfae tim dffgc viee ldm
ngay, so vdi ty lfl 75% hifln nay De d i p
ffng muc tiflu nay, Chinfa phii Malaysia
cam ke't tfaie't lap eac rafl'i quan he raanh
me vd gan kfl't faon gifla giao due dai fapc
vdi cic nganfa cfing nghiep va kinh te' eua
dd't nfldc vd dffa kiln thffe vd ky ndng thffe
tign vao chUffng trinh giang day dai hpc
Song song vdi efaUffng trinfa, cff sd faa tang
ky tfauat cfao cac trudng dai fapc nfaU: giang
dudng, phong thi nghiem, ky tuc xa eho
sinh vien dang duoc Chinh phu Malaysia
cfau trpng diu tff nhieu faffn d l GDDH nffde
ndy "san xuat" ra ede tai nang dat tiflu
chuan qufl'c te va dan dffa Malaysia Ipt top
25 ehau A vd top 100 toan elu v l GDDH
nhff ky vgng eua Chinfa phu'^'
Vl dpi ngu can bp giang day, giang vifln
dai fapc Malaysia nhd't dinh phai ed b i n g
tfaac si faoae tie'n si Cdc giang vien gidu
kinfa ngfaigra la ngffdi nude ngodi faodc
cae ngdnh eflng ngfaiflp, diu dffgc quan tdm
t u y i n dung Dilu ndy se giup ndng cao cfaa't Iffgng giang day, hpc tap, nghifln cdu
vd phdt trien (iinh hffdng ngfai nghiflp cho sinh vifln; d i n g thdi eung giup ede dai hpe gia t a n g thu hut ngffdi hpc
Vl ddo tao, Cfainh pfau Malaysia lufln khuyen khich cde trffdng dai hgc phai cd ede
chuang trinh tkUc tap ud vddn liam doanh nghiip de hap ddn faffn dfl'i vdi sinfa -vifln,
dong thcfi dieu nay citog se lam gia tdng gia tri thUc cfaat ciia nhd trUdng vd eung cap cac
CO fafli viee lam to't hffn cfao sinh vifln sau ldu tot nghiep Thflng thffdng, Bp Gilo due Malaysia kfauye'n kfaich cac tnidng dai hpc nude nay tich hop hai cfaffong trinfa ndy dl sinfa vifln cfl cff fapi vffa tfaUc tdp nghe ngfaiflp, -vfla faoc kinfa doanfa
- O Thdi Lan: Giao due dai fapc Thdi
Lan bat dau tff n a m 1917 khi tnidng Dai fape Cfaulalongkorn ra ddi tfaeo sac lenh eiia' nfad vua vd thUe hien quy ehg' chinh thffe ciia mpt tnidng dai fapc Tff dd de'n nay, cac trffdng dai fagc Idiac nfaau eua Tfadi Lan lan Iugt ra ddi tai q^e tfadi diera khdc nfaau va hifln nay da't nffde nay cd rat nfaieu trffdng dai fape vfla efauyen nganh, -vifa da ngdnh kfaa noi tifl'ng trong khu vffe Theo Bang xfl'p hang 300 tnidng dai fage fadng diu ehau A ndra 2017, Thai Lan ed 10 trUdng dai hpe Ipt vdo danh saeh nay Nhin ehung, cdc trudng dai hpc Tfadi Lan ed nfaieu net tuong -dong vdi ede trffdng dai hpc Anh Qufl'c, tfle la dao tao sinh vien theo hai hffdng: faffdng tfaeo duoi hge thudt va faUdng day ngfae Vl dinfa faudng nghe nghiep ffng dung (POHE), n e n GDDH Thdi Lan e6 nfaitog dac (Uera noi bdt nfaff sau
Trang 7Thai Lan hffdng tdi muc tieu thffe tifln
tiong viflc dao tao r a nguon n h a n Iffc n h i r a
ddp ffng ede yeu cau phat t r i l n kinfa te'-xd
hpi eua d i t nffde va xu hffdng pfaat t r i l n
eiia qufl'c gia trong ede lmh vffe khoa fapc va
cong nghfl, tang cffdng trang bi tri thffc, ky
ndng vd pham ehd't co ban cho ngffdi hpe
vdi tff each la efing dan todn cau d l hg ed
dugc ky nang tff duy logic, kha nang giai
quyfl't van de dpe lap, kfaa nang tff (Ulu
cfainfa pfau hgp vdi the gidi vifle Idra vd tinh
than faam mufl'n fapc tap suot ddi, v.v
Thd hai, vi chdt lugng ddo tgo: Cac dai
hpc Thai Lan r a t coi trpng chat Iffgng dao
tao, lufin tao mpi dilu kifln cfao cac tnidng
huy dpng cae nguin tai Uflu thue tifln pfaue
vu cho efing tdc giang day; gia tang sff Hen
kg't gifla eae khu •vUc cfing va tff tfafing qua
cac de I n fapp tac Hen k i t ddo tao vd tfaue
d l y viflc hoaeh dinh kfl' faoaefa fagp tac dai
han giffa nfaa trUdng vd cdc eO sd san xult
tien CO sd cdc nguin Iffc md cae bfln ddng
gdp, trong do co su tham gia tieh effe eua
cac dia phffttog
Tkd ba, vi chii&ng trink kgc tap: Cdc
trffdng dai hgc Thai Lan cd Idiung cfauong
trinh vd kfl' hoach hpc t^p uyen chuyen,
pfau fagp vdi sff tie'n bg khong ngttog eua
khoa hge-ky thuat hifln dai; trong dd cfau
trpng tdi sfl can dfl'i giffa ly luan va thffe
tign, giffa hpe ly tfauyfl't trfln giang dffdng
va trai ngfaiem tfaffe te' nghe ngfaiflp tai ede
cff sd dich vu hay xi ngfaiflp san xuat Ddc
biet, nfaa trUdng lufin quan tam dfl'n faieu
qua giang day vd ngfaien cflu cua dfli ngu
gido cfafle, theo do, dfli ngu nay phai eo
trinfa dfi cfauygn mon va fapc vi cao, cd fafl
tfafl'ng gido trtnfa pfau fapp vdi thUe tifln, ed
dai Cff sd GDDH n h a t thig't phai cd he tfafl'ng tfaflng tin, thff •vifln phue vu giang day, hpe tdp va nghifln cffu dap flng cac ygu cau ciia tfafle tien
Thd tu, vi liin kit ddo tgo: GDDH Thai
Lan tao cd che' v l co hgi de kfauye'n kfaich khu -vflc tff nhan, doanh nghi$p, xi nghiep, cpng d i n g vd dia phffctog, cung vdi cae trfldng dai fape quo'c te tham gia vao vifle dao tao vd quan ly GDDH b i n g cac each tiiffc va giai pfadp da dang n h i m hffdng tdi-nhu cau ciia thi trffdng vd xa hfii ve nguin nhan lfle Nhieu trffdng dai hpc Thai Lan
ed cfaffcmg trtnh lign ket dao tao qufl'c tfl', tfaeo dd, tff n a m thff 2 trd di, ede sinh vifln trffdng qufl'c tfl' tai Thai Lan, ng'u mufl'n, eung dg dang chuyen tie'p sang hpc d cic nffde nfau Anh, My, Australia theo cfauong trtnfa Ufln kfl't cua nfaa trudng Cfainh eac giai pfadp ve Ufln ket dao tao nay da giup efao Tfaai Lan nang eao dupe efaat lugng ddo tao va eung cap cho xd hpi vd thi trudng nguon lao dgng ed tri thffc va ky nang pfau hpp vdi tfaUc tien
3 M o t s o b a i h o c n i t r a e h o Vi^t N a m Gido due dai hpc dang la vd'n de rat ldn cua Viet Nam hien nay Xet d quy mo, GDDH Viet Nam hifln dang Id nen giao due ldn ciia kfau vifc Dflng Nam A vdi faang tram trUdng dai fapc, vdi sfi' lUpng sinfa -vifln hpc tap dat tdi hffn 2,2 trieu ngffdi'^' Tuy nfaien, xet ve cdc tiflu cfai eff ban nfaU: eff sd
ha ting, nghign etiu, ddo tao, trai ngfaiem
n g h i nghigp, tuyen dung cdc dai hpc etia Viet Nara dang d thff hang tfaa'p so vdi kfau
•viic va tfag' gidi Hifln trang hang trdm ngan srah •vifln tfaat ngfaiep faang nara sau kfai ra
Trang 8nfad nffde vd xa fagi Vay dau la lo'i thoat?
Cho tdi nay, Viet Nam da ed nhieu cai
edeh v l GDDH, tuy nhifln, nfain ehung cac
cai each do deu td ra lung tung vi nhieu cai
each cfaUa dugc tfaue hifln da td ra lac hau
Nhm efaung, nhttog yfl'u kem eO ban v l
GDDH eiia Viet Nara deu da dUge chi ra,
nhUng vige khae phue cfaung khfing he de
dang do nfaieu nguygn nhan tff cfau quan vd
Idiacfa quan Can cff tren ban efalt eiia
POHE vd tfaffe tfl' GDDH ff mflt sfl' nffde
ASEAN nfaff Singapore, Malaysia, Thdi
Lan, ed tfal nit ra mpt so' bai hpc chii yfl'u
cho Viet nam nhu sau
Trddc het, bdi hgc ve ca sd hg tdng:
Gido due dai hpc mufl'n phat trien tfl't can
ed CO sd ha tang tfl't Co sd faa tang GDDH
la tong hgp cde yfl'u tfl' v l todn bp he tfafl'ng
CO sd vdt cfaa't ky tfauat eiia mpt tnidng dai
hpe nfaU: Ichu nfad lam vifle eua lanh dao
nha trUdng vd giang vifln, giang dUdng,
phong thi nghigm, phong hgp, phong fapi
thao, thu vien, ky tuc xd, he thfl'ng giao
thfing npi bp, (Uen, nUdc, v.v TfaUc te', d eae
nude eong nghiep pfadt trien vd ede nude
ASEAN di tnfde, co sd faa tang GDDH deu
dupe nhd nude va cac Idiu vUc tu nfadn quan
tam, UU tign xay dung vdi ldnfa pfai rat ldn
va khang trang Xet ve mat co sd ha tang
GDDH, Vigt Nara cdn d tfaff hang thap so
vdi nhilu nUdc Nfailu trudng dai hge cua
Viet Nam cd Idiufin vifln chat, faep; ca sd
vat chat ky thuat rat yfl'u kem, lac hdu;
nhilu trudng chUa co pfaong thi nghiflm vd
thig'u cae trang tfaig't bi can thie't cho viec
giang day, hge tap va thffc nghigm
Thd kai, ve chdt lUgng ddo tgo: Cfaa't
Iffgng ddo tao pfau tfaufic vao 2 yfl'u tfl' cO
hpe eua Viet Nam dff eo bang ed'p va hpc ham cao, nhitog thffe chat chffa cd trinh do
ehuygn mfin tffong xttog d l eo t h e dap dng
cho yflu elu giang day vd thffc nghiem, nha't la nhitog chuyfln mfln dbi hoi sff cap nhdt hen tuc kie'n thffc chuyen mon va trai ngfaiem tfaffe te' Bfln canfa dd, nfaieu dai fage cd d i u vao (sinfa vien) efaffa dat nguSng can tfaie't, khie'n eho chat lugng diu ra khflng dat yflu cau
Thd ba, ve chUcfng trinh gidng dgy:
Cdc ehffcmg trtnh giang day trong cac trffdng dai fape Viet Nam tfaifln v l ly thuyet
ma tfaie'u trai nghiflm thffc te' Dd la can benh "fape Idiflng di doi vdi hdnh", khien eho sinh vifln ehi n i m dffge ly thuyet ma thig'u han p h l n thffe nghiem hoac trai nghiflm tfaffe te' ngfae nghiflp d eae ea sd san xud't vd ldnh doanh Dd id ehUa ke, nhieu rafin hge it gan vdi chuyen rafln dao tao nfaung efaifl'm ty le thdi Iffgng eao hon mfln hpc chinfa, da Idiifl'n eho sinh vien chiu thiflt thoi khi dung nap tri tfaffe va ky ndng ngfae nghiep
Thd tu:, vi lien ke't ddo tgo: Nhin
chung, cae tnfdng dai fapc Viet Nam rat yfl'u ve Ufln ke't ddo tao trong npi bfi he thfl'ng vdi cdc trudng dai hge trong nUdc, vdi cae tap doan ldnfa te', eae xi ngfaiflp san xua't va eae eflng ty dicfa vu Day la ye'u diem tfaffdng nien rad ta't ca eac bfln co Hen quan ciia Viflt Nam vdn chffa cd giai phap : hffu hieu d l Idile phuc Trong dieu kifln ldnh tfl' tfai trudng, viflc Ufln kfl't trong , nghien cifu vd giang day giffa cac tnfdng dai fape cd vai trb quan trgng trong viec,;^ii trao dfi'i thfing tin, tri thffe va ky n a n g ' | j
ngfae nghiflp Su lifln kg't vdi cdc cflng ty, '.•''''
Trang 9trUdng trai ngfaiem vd tifl'p xuc tnic tie'p
vdi faoat dpng san xud't kinh doanh, se giup
eho cdc sinh vien tich luy tri thffe vd ky
ndng; dong thdi t a n g ea hgi tuyen dung cho
hg sau khi tfl't nghiep Bfln canfa dd, sU lien
ke't va hgp tac tfaUdng xuyen vdi cac tnidng
dai fapc cd truyln thfl'ng giang day vd
nghien cffu cua thfl' gidi, nha't Id vdi cde
tnfcmg dai hpe hdng dau thfl' gidi d cdc
nude phdt trien, se giup eho cdc dai hpe
Viet Nam phdt trien tfl't hon theo xu hffdng
gan ddo tao vdi thUe tifln ngfae nghiflp
Ket Iuan
Gido due dai fape giff vai trb quan trpng
trong viflc dao tao nguon nhan Iffe efaat
lupng cao eho eic qufi'c gia Trong bo'i canfa
ldnfa tfl' tfai trUdng, canfa tranfa va fafli
nfaap, viee dinfa faffdng eho GDDH gan bo
vdi tfaffe t i l n nhdm phuc vu trUe tiep cfao
eflng eupc pfaat tiiln kinh te'-xa fapi dang
ddt ra yeu cau bfle tfaifl't do'i vdi nfaieu nude,
nhat la nfaOng nude dang pfaat trie'n Trong
nhilu nam qua, mpt sfl' nUdc /VSEAN nhu
Smgapore, Thai Lan, Malaysia da dat
dugc nfaieu thdnh tuu trong GDDH vd dff
bao trong tffOng lai se la nhitog qufl'c gia ed
n i n giao due dat tfafl hang cao trong Idiu
vflc Sd dl GDDH d nhflng nffde do dat duge
nhilu tfaanfa cflng mgt pfain cfau yfl'u Id do
n i n GDDH ciia hg g i n bd vdi thUe tien, ed
dinfa faudng nghe ngfaiep rd rang Viet
Nam la nUde (U sau trong phat trien gido
due dai hge dinh faudng nghe nghigp; vi
vdy, vigc ngfaien cufu, efalt lpc ldnh nghiflm
tfl cdc nUde kfaac la rat can tfaie't, Hy vgng,
vl ldu dai, ede trffdng dai fapc Viet Nara,
bfln eanh viec cung cap tri thffc eho ngudi
hpc, cdn trang hi cho sinh vifln dinfa faudng
va cde ky nang nghe ngfaiflp g i n vdi tfaUc
t i l n de ed dffgc cac ed hfli tuyen dung rflng rai d ea trong va ngoai hffdc trong bfl'i canfa tfai tnidng Iao dflng Idiu vffe ngay eang rpng md./
CHU THICH
1 Tap chi "Times Higher Education" vtfa eong
bd Bang xe'p hang dai hpc chau A ndm
2017 vdi 300 tnfdng lot vao danh sach; theo dd, CO nhilu trudng dai hpc ciia Singapore cd tfln trong bang xg'p hang ndy, dac biet, TrUdng Dai hpc Qudc gia Singapore (NUS) tie'p tuc la tnfdng dai hpc
so 1 tai chdu A vdi ting dilm la 80,6 Trong so' cac nude ASEAN, ngoai Singapore, con co nhieu trudng dai hpc ctia Thai Lan (10 trudng), Malaysia (9 trudng), Indonesia (2 trudng) cung cd ten trong bdng xep hang (Theo Vietnamnet.vn, truy cap ngay 17/3/2017)
2 Bay tnfdng doi tac ciia MDIS: Trudng Kmh doanh Grenoble, Phap; University of
Sunderland, Path Qufl'c; Dai hpc Bangor,
Anh Quoc; Dai hoc Northumbria, Anh Quo'c; Dai hpc Oklalioma City, My; Dai hpc Nottingham Trent, Anh Quoc; Dai hoc Southern Cross, tJc
3 PCR (Polemerase Chain Reaction, phan ffng
chuli polymerase) la mpt ky thuat nham tao
ra mpt lugiig ldn ban sao DNA muc tieu trong o'ng nghiem dita vao eac chu ky nliiflt
Ky thuat nay dupc nha khoa hoc ngUdi My Kary Mullis phat minh vao ndm 1985
4 HPLC la chff viet t i t 4 chfl cai dau b^ng tie'ng Anh cua phUOng phap sac ky long hieu nang cao (High Performance Liquid Chromatography), trudc day gpi la phuong phdp sic ky long cao ap (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography)
5 Theo bdo cao khao sat d Singapore nam
2015, MDIS cua Singapore cd do'i tac lien ket ddo tao chat chg vdi Dai hoc Northumbria (Northumbria University) Day Id mot trong nhOfng trudng dai hoc
Trang 104S
lupng giang day Vi thi, cdc sinh viSn to't
nghiep Khoa Khoa hoc Y sinh tai MDIS co
bing cap duoc cflng nhan hodn todn gio'ng
nhu cac sinh vifln hpc tai Dai hpc
Northumbria tai Anh Quo'c
6 Bang xep hang dai hoe chau A cua Times
Higher Education dugc binh chpn dUa trfln
13 tiflu chi ehia thdnh 4 linh vUc: giang day
chiem 25%, nghien cifu 30%, tam anh hudng
chifl'm 7,5% va chuyin giao kien thffc 7,5%
7 Xem: "Gido due d Malaysia dang chuyen
biin ri/iU t/ii ndo",
https://duhocinee,com/giao-due-dai-hoc-maiaysia-dang-chuyen-bien-nhu-the-nao;
truy cdp ngay 19/4/2016
8 Hifln nay, Malaysia da co 9 trUdng dai hpc
Ipt vao Bang xep hang 300 tnfdng dai hpc
hang dau chau A nam 2017; trong dd co 1
trUdng lot vao top 200 cua t h i gidi va muc
tiflu de'n ndm 2025 nim trong top 25 trong
so 50 quoc gia hang dau ve gido due dai hpc
theo cac tieu chi ve: nghien cffu, tuyin sinh,
viflc lam (hign Malaysia xe'p thff hang 44)
Hign nay, Malaysia cd 10 tnfdng dai hpc
hdng diu duoc xe'p hang quoc gia theo cac
tieu chi: nghien cifu, tuyin sinh va viec lam
Id: 1 Universiti Malaya; 2 Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia; 3 Universiti Sains
Malaysia; 4 Universiti Putra Malaysia; 5
Intemational Islamic University Malaysia;
6 Universiti Malaysia Sarawak; 7
Multimedia Umversity; 8 Universiti
Teknologi MARA; 9 Universiti Teknologi
Petronas; 10 Limkokwing University of
Creative Technology
9 Theo so lieu thong ke 2016 Viet Nam hien
CO khoang 2,204 trieu sinh vien (tang 143%
so vdi nam 2008), dat ty le khoang 250 sinh
vifln/1 van dan; trong do, sinh vien dai hoc
chie'm 66%, sinh vien cao ding chiem 34%;
nff sinh chiem 49,6%; sd sinh vien hpc tap
tai cac trudng cong tap chiem 85%, cac
trudng ngodi cong lap chiem khoang
15%; sinh vien hg chinh quy la 1.962.000
ngudi Ngoai ra, co khoang 80.000 luu hpc
sinh Viet Nam dang theo hoc tai gan 40
T A I LIEU ' n L \ M K H A O
1 Bp Gido due vd Ddo tao (2005), Di dn dd'i mdi gido due dgi kgc Viet Nam giai dogn 2006-2020, Hd Npi
2 B6 Gido due va Dao tao (2008), Du t/ido C/iiin lugc plidt triin gido due Vi^t Nam 2008- 2020, Hd Noi
3 BS Giao due Thai Lan, Vdn phong Hpi ding
giao due, Chiin lUgc ud lp trink cdi cdch giao dye dgi lioc Thai Lan, tdi Heu dich thuat ciia
BS Gido due Viflt Nam, Ha N6i, 2008
4 Tran Khanh Dflc bien soan (2010), Gido due dgi hgc Viit Nam vd Thi gidi, (tai lieu
dttng cho cac khoa boi dudng gilng vien cao ding/dai hpe ve nghiflp vu Su pham dai hpc theo chuang trinh cua Bp GD&DT), Ha Npi, 2010,
5 Dai hpe Kinh te quo'c dan (2014), K^ yiu Diin ddn: Boi tdc hgp tdc TrUdng Bgi hoc vd Doanh nghiep trong ddo tgo POHE, NXB,
Dai hpc Kinh te' quo'c dan Ha Npi, 2014,
6 Nguyin Thi Lan (2015), Tim hieu md liinh gido due dgi hoc d mpt sd nudc tren tM gidi, Tap chi \j^ luan ehinh tri so' 7-2015,
Ha Noi
7 Ludt Gido due 2005 NXB Chinh tri qufl'c gia Ha Ngi, 2006
8 Cac trudng' dai hpc Singapore, Xem: http ://www.mangduhocsingapore, com/thon g-tin-du-hoc-singapore/chuyen-muc/cac-truong-dai-hoc-singapore,htinl?start=:22
9 Cac trudng dai hoc hang ddu Malaysia, Xem: http://www.doanhnhaiisaigon.vn/kho i-nghiep/cac-truong-dai-hoc-hang-dau-malaysia/1094045/, Truy cdp ngay 26/12/2016
10 Cac trudng dai hpc hdng dau Thai Lan, Xem: http ://osc, edu vn/vn/Du-hoc-Chau- A/Du-hoc-Thai-Lan/Bang-xep-hang-danh-sach-cac-truong-Dai-Hoc-tai-Thai-Lan.aspx
11 Nguyfln Thi Hong Lam (2016), Vdi net ui h§ thong gido due chink quy d Thdi lan sau Ludt gido due qudc gia 1999, Tap chi N/C