Tap chi so 28 thang 02 2018, trUdng Dai hgc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859 46U VAN DUNG PHlTonVG PHAP LAY NGUOI HOC LAM TRUNG TAM VAO DAY HOC MON NHlTNG NGUYEN LY CO BAN CUA CHU NGHIA MAC LENIN 1 HIEN NAY Nguyi[.]
Trang 1VAN DUNG PHlTonVG PHAP LAY NGUOI HOC LAM TRUNG TAM
VAO DAY HOC MON NHlTNG NGUYEN LY CO BAN CUA CHU NGHIA
MAC-LENIN 1 HIEN NAY
Nguyin Thi Hai Yin', Laii Thi Nggc Hanh^ Ngay nhan bai: 01/01/2018; Ngay phan biln thdng qua- 15/01/2018; Ngay duylt dang: 30/01/2018
TOM TAT Phuong phap giang day liy ngudi hgc lam tnmg tam da va dang la mgt van dl dugc nhieu nha giao due hgc quan tam va nghiin ciiu, Tir thyc tiang day hgc mdn Nhiing nguyen ly co ban cila chu nghia Mac-Llnin 1 (phan trilt hgc) hien nay, chiing tdi thay cdn nhieu van de tiep tuc phai suy nghT giai quyit tir ndi dung chuong tiinh den phuang phap dgy va phuong phap hgc, Trong pham vi bai vilt nay, chiing tdi nlu ra mdt sd khd khan, han cbl nhin tir phia ngudi day, ngudi hgc va mdt sd phuong phap day hgc tich cyc bd sung cho phuang phap thuyet trinh (duac sii dyng dgc tdn trong giang day tit trudc den nay),
Tu khda- Phuang phdp dgy hgc, Triit hoc
1 MO DAU
Chu nghTa Mac-Llnin vdi tu each la mdt- hgc
thuylt, mdt khoa hgc ddng vai trd la co sd ly lulin
va phuong phap luan khoa hgc cua giai cap cdng
nhan va nhan dan lao dgng trin toan thi gidi Ddi
vdi each mang Viet Nam nhd anh sang soi dudng
cua chii nghia Mac-Lenin, dudi su lanh dao ciia
Dang Cdng san va Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da di tir
thang lgi nay din thing lgi khac Trgng giai do^n
hiln nay la tiing budc thyc hiln thanh cdng sy
nghiep ddi mdi va hdi nhap qudc tl, Vi v^y, giang
day va hgc tap tdt cac mdn khoa hgc Mac-Llnin
CO y nghia quan trgng gdp phan xay dung thi gidi
quan khoa hgc, each mang diing din cho thi he
tre- nhirng chii nhan tuong lai cua dit nude,
Trong nhiing nam viia qua, d^y hgc hgc phan
Nhiing nguyin ly co ban ciia chii nghTa
Mac-Llnin 1 (phan trilt hgc) da cd khdi sac Sinh vien
chii ddng, tich cue hon tong hgc tap, duoc thi
hiln miiih va ty tin hon trong giao tiip Vi vay
can phai day m^inh ban nua vile van dung phuang
phap day bgc tich eye vao giang day Trong pham
vi bai vilt nay, chiing tdi mudn chia se thdng tin
vl nhiing khd khan, thii thach tiong day hgc mdn
Nhiing nguyen ly co ban ciia chii nghTa Mac-llnin
1 (phan trilt hgc) nhin tir phia ngudi day va ngudi
hoc, va sy can thiet day manh ban niia v|n dung
phuong phap day hgc tich cue vao day hgc radn
hgc nay
2 NOI DUNG VA PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN
ClTU
2.1 Ndi dung nghiin citu
Tim hiiu phuang phap liy ngudi hgc lam trung
Dua ra mgt sd khd khan, ban cbl tong day hoc hgc phan Nhiing nguyen 1^ co ban ciia chii nghia Mac-Llnin 1,
De xuat mdt sd phuong phap day hgc liy ngudi hgc lam tong tam nham nang cao hilu qua giang day hgc phan nay
2.2 Phuffngphdp nghiin c^u
Phuong phap luan cua chii nghia duy vat biln chiing va chu nghTa duy vat hch sir vl phuang phap day hgc,
Phuong phap phan tich, tdng hgp, so sanh, dii chieu dl lam rd nhiing ban cbl va dua ra mdt sd giai phap nham nang cao hilu qua day hgc Nhihig nguyin ly co ban cua chu nghTa Mac-Lenin I
3 KET QUA NGHlfeN CUtJ VA THAO L U ^
3.1 Phuong phdp gidng dgy lay ngudi hgc lam trung tam
Quan dilm giang day lay ngudi hgc lam tiling tam d nude ta dugc xac dinh la toan bO boat dgng ciia radn hgc nham phyc vu cho ngudi hgc bgc tap tdt, hgc tich cyc va sang tao, nim viing ndi dung mdn hgc va bilt van dyng ngi dung mdn hgc vao ddi sdng dl cd dinh hudng dao dire, xa hdi diing din
Vai trd cua ngudi giang vien tiong boat ddng day hgc tiieo hudng liy ngudi hgc lam trung tam khdng cdn theo nghTa la ngudi truyen d^t kiln thiic
cd sin ma \k ngudi dinh hudng, hudng din cho
sinh viln tu minh nghiin ciiu, ty tim ra kiln thitc Ngoai ra giang viln cdn la ngudi phu tiach huong dan qua trinh nghien ciiu, hgc hdi va thao luan cua sinh viln, la ngudi khang dinh vl mat khoa hgc cac cudc tranh luan cua sinh vien Ddi vdi phuong
1 ThS, Khoa Ly ludn chinh trj, Dgi hgc Tdy Nguyin;
Tdcgidlienhe Nguyin Thi Hdi Yen, DT: 0914069347 Email-yenmaclenin@yahoo.com v
Trang 2phap giang day nay, vai trd ciia ngudi giang vien
khdng chi la ngudi khing dinh diing, sai ma gid
giang cd hieu qua va phat huy dugc tinh chii dgng
ciia sinh vien cdn phy thudc vao kha nang su pham
ciia giang vien trong viec kheo leo dat vin dl va
hudng dan sinh viln phuong phap hgc tap ti'ch
eye, ddc lap giai quyit vin dk Ddi vdi bac dai hgc
yeu cau ddi vdi qua trinh giang day cua giang vien
ngoai vile toyin dat tri thiic, nang cao nang luc
boat dOng tri iue cua sinh vien, ngudi giang viln
cung can ren luyen cho sinh viln ky nang nghien
ciiu Mudn vay, ngudi giang viln can khdng ngimg
nang cao trinh do, cd kha nang su pham
Ylu cau ddi vdi sinh viln: qua trinh boc tap
theo phuong phap lay ngudi hgc lam trung tam,
sinh vien phai la khach die tilp thu chu ddng tii
thiic dugc giang vien cung cap, sinh viln mgt raat
la ddi tugng cua boat dgng day nhung ddng thdi
la chii the cua boat ddng nhan thiic cd tinh chit
nghiin ciiu nham chiera ITnh tri thirc, ky nang, ky
xao cd liln quan din nghi nghilp tuong lai ciia
minh Dl cd the hoan thanh tdt nhiem vu ndi trin,
smh viln can phat huy cao dd tinh ty giac, tich
cyc, ddc lap ciia minh dudi sy hudng dan cua
giang viln
3.2 Mgt sd khd khan, hgn che trong dgy hgc
phdn Nhirng nguyen ly cff bdn cua chu nghia
Mdc-Linin 1
Chit lugng, hieu qua ciia 1 tilt day phu thudc
nhilu ylu td trong dd cd 3 yeu td tac dgng tryc
tiep den hieu qua cua gid lln lop dd la sinh viln
(ngudi hgc), giang viln (ngudi day) va co sd vat
chat Trong dd quan trgng nhat van la ngudi day
va ngudi hgc
3.2.1 Ddi vdi sinh viin (ngudi hoc)
Hau hit, sinh viln nam thii nhat khi hoc hgc
phan Nhiing nguyin ly ca ban cua chii nghia
Mac-Lenin 1 cd mdt sd ban che nhu sau:
Thu nhdl, sinh vien con bd ngd lung lung vdi
moi trudng hgc tap mdi; chua cd phuangphdp y
thirc lap trung cao di hgc tdt mdn hgc ddn din kien
thitc dgng lgi trong ddu rat it Sd dT nhu vay la vi
sinh vien nam thii nhit xuit than tu cac noi khac
nhau Cling vi hgc chung mdt lop Do do, dac dilm
tam !y chung cua cae em la bo ngd, la limg vi mdi
trudng hgc tap, sinh sdng mdi, cac mdn bgc mdi
Trong cac mdn hgc dai cuong, "Nhiing nguyin ly
CO ban cua chu nghia Mac-Lenin I" dugc sinh vien
danh gia la mgt mdn hgc khd bdi nd mang tinh ly
luan khai quat, trim tugng cao Phan Idn sinh viln
diu e ngai, td ra khdng hao hiing khi hgc mdn nay
Cac em chua danh thdi gian dau tu nghiin ciiu va
tu hoc chii yin la bgc ddi phd dan den kiln thiic
ghi nhd khdng bin viing, chua bien kiln thiic ciia bai hgc thanh kien thiic rilng cd ciia minh Mgt sd pham trii yiet hgc dugc xem la gin giii vdi' thyc tien cudc sdng ciia sinh vien nhu nguyen nhan, kit qua, ban chat, hiln tuong, mdi liln he phd biin, phat triln thi kha nang van dung, nit ra y nghia phuong phap luan cua sinh vien cdn ban chi Mgt
sd smh viln cd tinh than hgc tap tdt ciing td ra liing tiing vi phuong phap hgc, Tinh tiang hgc ddi phd, hgc dl thi cdn phd biln trong sinh vien dan din each hgc thudc Idng, hgc vet, nhilu em hgc xong la quIn, kien thiic dgng lai yong dau rit it Thdng ke kit qua ciia ky thi kit thiic hgc phin mdn Nhirng nguyin 1;^ co ban cua chii nghTa Mac-Lenin 1 (phin trilt hgc) ciia 1.016 sinh viln trudng Dai hgc Tay Nguyin hgc ky 1 nam hgc 2016-1027 cho thay dilm tdng kit hoc phan ciia hau hit sinh viln d trong ngudng tir dilm he chii D va F (510 sinh vien) Sinh viln khdng lam dugc bai vi khdng hilu va khdng nhd gi Dd la mdt thyc tiang dang bao ddng ddi hdi giang viln va sinh vien can ddi mdi hon niia vl each day, each hgc va each kilm tra, danh gia hiln nay
Thit hai sinh viin chua co thdi quen tu duy phdn biin triil hgc Tu duy phan bien la mdt qua
trinh tu duy biln chiing gdm phan tich va danh gia mdt thdng tin da cd theo each nhin khac cho mgt van dl dat ra nham lam sang td va khang dinh lai tinh chinh xac cua van dl Muc tilu cua phuong phap day hgc tich cyc-lay ngudi bgc lam trung tam khdng chi la kiln thiic va ky nang ma cdn phai coi trgng phuong phap tu duy, suy nghT, chinh kien cua ngudi hgc Cd nhu vay kiln thurc mdi dugc ghi nhd bin vinig hon Thyc te giang day cho thay, cac gid thao luan trilt hgc va lam vile theo nhdm, sinh vien cdn thy dgng, cdtu tudng ngdi chd, i lai, xul xoa, chi ngdi nghe ma khdng cd chinh kiln Sau khi nhdm trudng tiinh bay phan thao luan ciia nhdm da sd cac em deu tan thanh, chua cd thdi quen dat cau hdi chat van nhu: Tai sao? Vi sao cd kit qua nhu thi? Nlu vi du chiing minh? Can lara
- rd thim cac y? Dilu nay tdi chua hilu vw Khi sinh vien chua hinh thanh dugc thdi quen tu duy phan biln trilt hgc (dat cau hdi chat van, lay vi du phan tich, chiing minh, dien giai cac van dl trilt hgc) ciing ddng nghTa vdi "hgc chay", "hgc cho qua" mdn nay, chua thyc sy hgp tac va phat huy tinh tich cue, chii ddng ciia ngudi hgc Cd thi ndi, tong cac phuang phap day hgc tich cyc, thao luan nhdm va lam viec theo nhdm van la phuang phap dugc sir dyng phd biln Do do, nlu nhu sinh viln chua cd thdi quen cd tu duy phan bien se lam cho gid hgc nham chan, phuang phap day hgc tich cyc trd nin khdng hilu qua
Trang 3Thu ba sinh vien chua co ky ndng giao Hep phi
ngdn ngu Ky nang giao tiep phi ngdn ngii la giao
tiep thdng qua cit chi, hanh ddng ciia co the nhu
net m^t, dieu bd, cii chi, hanh ddng Nhiing hinh
thiic giao tiep nay ddng vai trd hit siic quan trgng
trong qua trinh giao tilp, chuyen tai thdng tin Vi
du, khi sinh vien thuyet trinh ndi dung thao luan
cua nhdm nlu sic dung cac dgng tac, cii chi, dieu
bg bd trg dl bilu Id, minh hoa cho bai thuyet trinh
cua minh ngay lap tiie se thu but sy chii y, quan
tam ciia ea Idp Ddng thdi nd cung chiing td sy ty
tin, cai tdi tong qua trinh hgc tap cua sinh vien
Khac vdi cac bd mdn khoa hgc khac, trilt hgc
dugc xem la radt radn hoc mang tinh ly luan, triiu
tugng cao va khd so vdi tu duy ciia smh vien nam
thii nhat Vi vay, khi tra ldi cau hdi, hay thuyet
trinh bai tap thao luan nhdm sinh vien td ra rat
cang thang
Thyc te cho thay, hau bet sinh viln nam thii
nhat chua cd ky nang giao tiep phi ngdn ngii, chu
yeu sii dung thuan tu^ ngdn ngii de thuylt trinh
dan din hilu qua gid thao luan chua cao Vi du,
khi lln bang trinh bay thay vi nhin xudng 16p de
trao ddi thdng tin thi mdt sd sinh vien quay mat
vl phia giang vien, dirng nghiem td ve lo ling, so
set Mdt sd em yinh bay tiieo kieu hgc thudc lam
cho ngudi nghe nham chan Nguyen nhan cua ban
che nay cd thi la do id chat cila mdt sd sinh viln
nhiit nhat, khdng ty tin kha nang cua minh, hoac
do chua nam dugc ndi dung trilt hgc can chuyin
tai, do bi tir dien dat, do lie cbl tam ly khi diing
trudc dam ddng Nhimg ban che trin dang la rao
can Idn tong viec thyc hiln phuong phap day hoc
tich eye-Lay ngudi hgc lara trung tam
3.2.2 Ddi vdi gidng vien
Trong thdi gian qua, vile giang day cac mdn
khoa hgc Mac-Lenin ndi chung va mdn Nhiing
nguyin ly co ban ciia chii nghTa Mae-Lenin (phin
trilt hgc) ndi rilng d cac tnrdng dai hgc ndi chung
va Trudng Dai hgc Tay Nguyin ndi rilng da mang
tinh than hoi thd cua khdng khi ddi mdi, Tuy
nhiln, phd biln van la phuong phap day hgc truyin
thdng, giang viln thuyit giang, sinh viln nghe va
ghi chip lai, phuang phap nay lam cho khdng khi
Idp hgc trd nin nang nl, hieu qua day hoc chua
cao Mdt sd giang viln da su dung phuang tiln
day hgc hien dai nhu may chieu, phim anh nhung
chua thyc sy t£io ra ddng co tu hgc, tu nghien ciiu,
ling dung cua sinh vien
Theo chung tdi, hiing thii hoc tap mdn Nhirng
nguyin ly co ban ciia chii nghTa Mac-Lenin I phu
thudc nhieu vao each day cua giang vien, Danh
rang phuong phap thuyit trinh la phuong phap
CO ban phu hgp vdi tu duy ndi dung cua bd mdn
nay Tuy nhiln khdng nen xem day la phuang phap ddc tdn, duy nhat ma can tich cue v|in dung linh ho^t cac phuong phap day hgc tich cue khac nhu phuong phap trd choi, phuong phap thao luan nhdm va lam viec theo nhdm, phugng phap dgng nao,, Cd nhu v^y kiln thiic sinh viln ITnh hdi dugc ben viing hon, va quan trgng la biit iing dung, bilt the hiln quan dilm cua minh trudc mgt van dl dat ra tiong thyc tien cudc sdng
3.3 Mgt sd phuong phdp dgy hgc liy ngudi hgc lam trung tam nhdm nang cao hiiu qua dgy hgc mdn Nhirng nguyen ly co bdn cua chd nghia Mac-Lenin 1
3.3.1 Phuang phdp phd bdng
Co sd ly luan ciia phucmg phap nay la sinh viln nam thii nhat tir cac noi khac nhau cimg vi hgc chung mgt lap Sy khac nhau vl nai d, ve mdi trudng hgc tap mdi, mdn hgc mdi, thiy cd mdi dan den tara l^ chung ciia cae em la bo ng5,
la lung, liing'tung, vira mudn "tim hilu" lai vira
"phdng thii", e ngai Dilu nay tao nin su "ddng bang" trong quan he giao tilp Nd la can tid cho giang viln thyc hien phuong phap thao luan nhdm
va lam vile theo nhdm Vi vay, vile lara diu tien ciia giang vien la phai "pha bang", pha tan khoang each tiong giao tilp de cac em hgp tac, cdi md hon Phuang phap nay dugc hilu nhu mdt trd choi thudng dugc tien hanh vao budi dau tien len Icrp ciia giangvien
Cach thitc lien hanh: Giang viln mdi khoang 8 sinh viln tham gia tid choi, chia thanh 4 cap doi Mdi cap ddi (2 sinh viln) ngudi ddng vai "hdi" va ngudi cdn lai ddng vai "tra Idi" Ngudi ddng vai hdi cd nhilm vy thu thap that nhieu thdng tin ve ngudi ban cua minh Sau 3 phiit, cap ddi nao ndi dugc nhieu thdng tin ve ngudi ban cua minh nhat thi cap ddi do chien thing
Y nghia, tac dung ciia trd choi nay la lam cho khdng khi ciia Idp hgc vui ve, hoa ddng, tiian thiln hon, giiip cho sinh vien hieu bill lln nhau, thay dugc tam quan tigng ciia vile hgp tac, chia
se thdng tin trong hgc tap va tong cugc sdng Tir
dd, sinh viln se cd y thirc hgp tac, chia se, tuang trg tong cac gid thao luan nhdra va lam viec theo nhdm Day khdng chi la boat ddng lam quen dan thuan ma cdn la mdt each thiic td chiie lap hgc lay ngudi hgc lam trung tam
3.3.2 Phuang phdp so do mang nhin
Co sd If thuyit ciia phuang phap nay la "hgc
la vile ciia ngudi hgc chii khdng phai cua ngudi
day" Vl vay, ngudi hoc phai ddc lap, suy nghi vk
tij dua ra cau tia ldi
Cach thiic tiin hanh: Giang viln ve len bang
Trang 4mgt vong trdn, d giira vong trdn la cau hdi (ngi
dung) trilt hgc sinh viln cin lim hieu Xung quanh
vdng trdn la cae tia Sinh vien ty nghien ciiu trong
khoang Uidi gian nhit dinh (thudng tii 3-5 phiit)
sau dd chgn nhirng tii ti-gng tam nhit di diin vao
cac tia xung quanh vdng frdn Van dung phuang
phap nay bit huge 100% sinh viln cd sin giao
trinh va phai tu duy dl tim ra cau tra Idi ngin ggn
nhat Sau khi hoan thanh so dd mang nhin, giang
viln cii mdt hoac hai sinh viln nhin vao ndi dung
"nit ggn" tiln so dd dl ly giai va chiing minh lam
rd van dl
Y nghTa, tac dyng cua phuong phap nay la ren
luyen cho sinh viln kha nang tu duy xac dinh ngi
dung trgng tam cua vin dk trilt hgc, ren luyen ky
nang phan tich, ly giai van de Day cung la mgt
phuang phap tdt giiip cho sinh viln ciing cd, dn
t$p cac kiln thirc da hgc
3.3.3 Phuang phdp thdo lugn nhom vd lam viec
theo nhom
Thao luan nhdm va lam vile theo nhdm dugc
van dung trong day bgc triit hgc nhim giiip cho
sinh vien tham gia chii ddng vab qua trinh hgc
tap, chia se nhiing kinh nghilm, y kiin hay di giai
quylt mdt van dl trilt hgc nao dd
each tiin hanh: Giang viln chia nhdm (nhdm
theo danh sach, hoac theo ban, theo td, theo don
vi hanh chinh), cac nhdm cd sd lugng vira phai di
mgi ngudi cd the ddng gdp f kiln, cdng bd thdi
gian Giang viln gidi thilu van de triet hgc can
thao luan Khuyen khich sinh viln suy nghT theo
ldi phan biln (suy nghi ddc lap, lap luan, chiing minh, chia se quan dilm ciia liiinh) Mdt so ngi dung ±ao luan khd giang viln can sii dung phuong phap bac gian (ggi y)
Sau khi thao luan dai dien timg nhdm trinh bay kit qua thao luan trudc lop Cac nhdm khac ciing tham gia nhan xet, gdp y Khuyin khich sinh viln tranh luan tich cyc, lich sy ngay tai Idp trong liic lam vile nhdm, bilt tdn trgng ngudi khac trong khi tranh luan Sau ciing la kit luan cua giang vien Ngoai ra, giang viln cd the sir dung phuong phap lam vile theo nhdm nhu giao bai tap ve nha cho cae nhdm, sau do dai diln nhdra trinh bay kit qua
4 KET LUAN
Dl nang cao chat lugng day hgc radn Nhiing nguyen ly co ban cua chu nghTa Mac-Llnin I (phan triet hgc) can cd nhieu yeu td trong dd viec ddi mdi phuong phap giang day se la radt tiong nhiing yiu td quan trgng gdp phan nang cao chit lugng dao tao mdt each bin viing Triit hgc la he thdng nhung quy luat chung nhimg cac quy luat chung dd phai dugc thi hiln trong nhiing cai cu thi Vi v§y can phai gan triet hgc vdi cae chuyen nganh Giang viln phai la ngudi di dau tong ty hgc, ty nghiin ciiu, suu tim, tia ciiu tai lieu va sii dyng cac phuang tiln day hgc Ngoai phuong phap thuyit trinh, giang viln cin linh boat sii dung cac phuong phap day hgc tich cyc bd trg khac can thay ddi quan nilm "dua chan ly din cho hgc sinh" bang quan nilm "hudng cho hgc smh ty di tim chan ly"
.THE APPLICATION OF LEARNER-CENTERED METHOD FOR TEACHING THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MARXISM-LENINISM 1 SUBJECT CURRENTLY
Nguyen Thi Hai YenS Lai Thi Ngoc Hanh^ Received Date: 01/01/2018; Revised Date: 15/01/2018; Accepted for Publication: 30/01/2018
SUMMARY The leamer-centered teaching method has been interested and researched by many educators Presently, from the reality of teaching basic principles of Marxism-Leninisml (section philosophy),
we find that there are still many problems to continue to think in order to solve firom the content of the program to teaching method and learning method Within the scope of this article, we present some difficulties, limitations recognized by teacher and learner as well as some positive teaching method to add to the presentation method (used exclusively in teaching so far)
Keywords: teaching method, philosophy
2 MA , Faculty of Political Science Tay Nguyen University
Corresponding author: Nguyen Thi Hai Yen Tel: 0914069347, Email: Yenmaclenin@yahoo com.vn
Trang 5TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Le Khanh Bing (2001), Phuang phap day hoc va day each hgc d dai hoc, NXB Dai hgc su pham Ha Ngi,
TS Nguyen Duy Bic (2004), Mdt sd van dl 1^ luan va thyc tien vl day va hgc mdn hgc Mac-Llnin va
Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh trong todng dai hgc, NXB Chinh tri qudc gia Ha Ndi,
Bg Giao due va Dao tao, Nghi quyit Hgi nghi Tnmg uong 8 khda XI ve ddi mdi can ban, loan diln giao due dao tao
Manh Tuin (2005), Nhirng ky nang hgc tap hoan hao danh cho sinh vien, Nxb Van hoa thdng tin Tai lieu tap huin Day hoc theo md hinh todng hgc mdi d Viet Nam (www tieuhoc.moet.gov.vn, nam 2013)