TAP CHi KHOA HQC TRUCTNG BAI HQC H 6 N G PLTC S6 B^C BIET (5 Z017) MQT SO NHIEM VU VA Kl NANG HOC T,iP CUA SINH VIEN TRONG DAY HQC THEO HOC CHE TIN CHI Nguyin Phutrng Lan'''' T O M T A T Ddo Igo theo hoc[.]
Trang 1M Q T SO NHIEM VU VA K l N A N G H O C T , i P C U A SINH VIEN TRONG DAY H Q C T H E O H O C CHE TIN CHI
Nguyin Phutrng Lan'
T O M T A T
Ddo Igo theo hoc che lin chi da duac trien khai vd dp dung & gido due dgi hpc Viet Nam Irong nhieu ndm qua vd bu&c ddu cd kit qud Idl Tuy nhien doi vai sinh vien ddc biel la smh vien ndm ihir nhdt gdp khdng it khd khdn khi Hep can phuang thirc hoc tap m&i ndy Bat bdo dua ra mgt sd nhiim vy vdky ndng edn thiit md sinh vien edn thuc hien nhdm ndng cao ket qud hgc tap theo hpc che tin chi
Td khda: Ky ndng, koc che tin chi, gidng vien, smh vien, hoc tap day hoc
I, DAT VAN DE
Trong nhirng ndm gdn ddy, cac trudng Dai hoc, Cao ddng ttong ca nudc ndi chung, Tnrdng Dgi hpc Hdng Due ndi rieng dang thyc hign quy che cua Bg giao dye
vd ddo tgo vg viec chuyen ddi tu hinh thdc dao tgo men chg sang hinh thdc dao tgo theo
he thdng lin chi Qui trinh chuygn ddi nay dd tao nen su thay ddi ea bdn ve mgi mat, til chuang ttinh ddo tgo, dang ki hpc phan ciia sinh vien, td chuc Idp hgc, phuang phap dgy, phuong phap hgc, xet lien dg hgc tap cho sinh vien, phuang phap kiem tra, ddnh gid ket qud hgc tap ciia sinh vign,,
Day la chuang ttinh ddo tao mem deo, tao dieu kien cho sinh vign phit huy duge nang Iyc hgc lap mgt cich chu dgng va hieu qua nhal, Hgc theo tin chi sinh vien dugc tdn trong va tao digu kign thudn lgi, hg la Irung tom cua moi hogl ddng ttong nha trudng, Cu the, chuong trinh dugc thigl ke theo mddun vdi nhigu mdn hoc ty chgn, ngudi hgc cd thi lya chpn lien ttinh hgc tap cho minh thay vl Hen trinh dinh sdn cho tdng khoa hgc theo nien chg, ngudi hgc thugn loi han trong vi^c chuyen trudng, chuyen ngdnh, hge them nganh khdc, hgc lien thdng do dugc cdng nhan khdi lugng kiln thdc da lich lijy Do vgy, trong nhdng ndm gin ddy Dang va Nhd nudc to dd md rdng ttien khai ddo tao theo hgc che tin chi ttong giao due dgi hpc Ddy id bude di quan trong ttong Id ttinh ddi mdi gido dye dai hoe giai dogn 2006 2020 ciia Bd Gido due -Ddo tao va cung la xu hudng phat tnln lit ylu ciia giao dye Dai hgc, nham ddp dng yen cdu nguon nhdn luc phdl tnln xa hdi va tiln tdi hdi nhap vdi giio dye dai hgc cic nudc trgn the gidi
Trang 2Hgc theo lin chi tuy khdng cdn mdi me ddi vdi cac irucmg Dai hgc ttong ea nudc, nhimg cdc Irudng van gdp nhung khd khan khi dp dyng hinh thuc hgc tap ndy Vdi tu cdch la ngudi hgc, sinh vien se phai ddi mat va gidi quyet nhigu linh hudng, vin nhflng khd khan ttong hgc tap, sinh vien can biel ro cac nhiem vy hpc tap vd dinh hudng lap iuygn dg hinh thanh cac kT nang hge lap phu hop
2 NQI DUNG NGHIEN CUtI
2.1 Mgt sS vin de chung ve hgc tap theo hgc che tin chi
Qua nghien cdu cac tai lieu, chung tdi thdy cd rdt nhilu dinh nghTa khic nhau vl tin chi [4] Tuy nhign, cd thg hieu Tin chi hgc tap la mdt dai lugng do long thdi gian
md mdt ngudi hgc phii sd dyng de hgc mgt mdn hgc cu thg, bao gdm Thdi gian hgc ly thuyet ttgn Idp; thai gian thyc hanh d phdng thi nghiem hay d nm ndo do theo qui dinh, Ihdi gian tu hgc, ty nghign edu Mdi mdn hpc keo ddi ttong I hoc ki 15 man, ttong dd, cic mdn hpc iy thuyet cd 1 gid len Idp va 2 gid chudn bi d nhd trong mdi mdn, cdc mon hgc thyc hanh cd 2 gid len lop va 1 gid chuan bi d nhd Irong mdi mdn, ddi vdi vigc tti hgc, ty nghien cuu cd 3 gid lam viec mdi tuan
Hinh thdc Id chdc gid tin chi la each Ihdc td chuc thyc hien cdc boat dgng cua giing vign va sinh vien dng vdi each thuc chuang trinh mdn hge/bdi hgc, ttong do coi ttgng khau ty hpc, ndng luc nghign cdu, thuc lap, thyc hanh, thyc le nhdm lich luy khdi lugng kiln thdc theo yeu cdu ciia phuong thdc dao Igo theo tin chi
Cd cdc hinh thirc td chiie gi& hpc lin chi
Day hgc ttgn lop: Thudng li dgy hgc gid ly thuylt gdm nghe ihuygt tiinh, ghi bdi giang, lim vi chua bdi tap, thdo ludn va cic hoat ddng khac do giang vien ygu ciu Day hgc ttong phdng thi nghiem, sttidio, hign frudng.,, Ldm thi nghiem, Ihuc hdnh, ihyc tap
Ngoai lap, ngoai phdng Ihi nghiem Ty hpc, tir nghign cdu, cac hoat ddng tiieo nhdm dl hd ttg thio luan, thyc hdnh, thyc lap
Hgc theo tin chi la dp dyng phuang phap hgc ticli cue, do la phuong phap h; hge
vd hgc cdl cdt ldi id chinh Phuang phap hgc ndy phit huy tinh ndng dgng va sdng lao cua sinh vign Cy thg;
Hoc ly Ihuyit trin l&p Gid hgc ly ihuylt khdng chi ghi chep nhdng ldi thdy co
giang tten Idp mdt cdch thu dgng ma phii nghe, suy ngam va ndm dugc diem mdu chdt cda vin dl thiy cd tiiiyln dgt md chua ein nim ro nhung chi tigt cu the Vi the, nliung smh vien khdng din Idp se khdng cd dugc bdc ttanh tdng qudt cua hoc phdn vi timg chuang muc, tieu myc
Trang 3Hgc thdo ludn trin l&p: Gid thao luan Id gid dl ldm r5 nhdng vin de ciia gid ly
thuyet de van dung vao thyc te, vao nhung tinh hudng cu thi Nlu nhu gid ly tiiuylt chu ygu la nghe, viel vi suy ngdm thi gid thdo lugn phdi la irao ddi vi ttanh luan nhieu,
uu ttgn dat cau hdi hem la ttd ldi, Dimg ndn ndng hieu sau, ma hdy higu nhdng vdn dl
ca ban trudc
Hgc & nhd Hgc each ty doc tdi li^u de hiSu sau bdn chat cua tiing phin, ehuong
va lien ldi ed hgc phan, Ty tnen khai nhiing vdn de cy the cua hgc phan nhu giai bii tap, Ihiei ke, chudn bi cdu hdi cho cdc gid thdo luan fren idp Hay di td dl din khd, til don gidn dgn phdc tgp, tdng cudng trao ddi bai theo nhdm,
2.2 Nhiem vu cda sinh vien trong hgc tap theo hgc chi tin chi
Nhiem vy hgc tgp Ciia sinh vien dugc xdc dinh tten cac hinh thdc td chdc gid tin chi vd edc hdnh ddng hpc tap tuong irng
2 21 Trong gi& ly thuyet, smh vien cd nhirng nhiem vy
Lap kg hogch chi tiet de thuc hien cdc nhiem vy mi giang vign giao, Thyc hign tdt kg hoach chi net da Igp de tich liiy tin chi hgc tap, ty danh gia mdc do hoan thdnh
ke hoach lich liiy kien thdc, kT ndng theo yeu cdu cda giing vien vd nhiing vdn dl cin thdo gd; nghe va ghi chep cdc van de sau: Myc Iigu va cdu true ciia ngi dung bai hgc; nhiing kien thdc cdt ldi ciia bdi hoc dinh hudng tu duy va dmh hudng Igp kl hogch tich luy lin chi hoc tap; cdc hudng dan cua giang viSn ddi vdi viec tu hoc cua sinh vien
2.2.2 Nhiem vu ciia smh viin trong gi& thdo lugn
Smh vien nhan nhiem vu thio luan cdn chuan bj bai Irinh biy theo su phan cdng va hudng din cua gidng vien; trinh bdy bio cao; theo ddi, bd sung, gop y bai trinh bay cua nhdm khac vd nhom minh dl hoan chinh bdi trinh bay sinh vien cin dai cdu hdi, doi thogi, tranh ludn nhung van de da ttinh bdy tgi budi thao luan; theo doi
sy nhgn xel, tdng ket ciia gidng vign de hoan chinh bdi trinh bdy; sip xIp tii lieu ed duoc td budi thdo luan Iheo ke hoach hoc lap cua bdn thdn dl phyc vy cdc muc dich hgc lap khdc
2 2.3 Nhiem vu cua smh vien Irong gi& hoal ddng iheo nhdm
Smh vien nhan nhigm vu can luu y, thdi hgn hodn thanh va mau bdo cdo hoal ddng theo nhom hi dd nhdm ttudng len kl hoach phan cdng bdng van bin cho tiing thdnh vien: nhiem vy, ihdi han hoan thdnh, tdi hgu, lich hgp, tten Imh tiiin chu dgng, tich eye; nhdm trudng Igp bdo cdo, thdng qua nhdm trudc khi ttinh giang vien Xem
Trang 42.24 Nhiem vu cda sinh vien trong gid ihuc hdnh ihuc tap, thi nghiem
Sinh vien phdi hoan thdnh cdc cdng vigc chuin bi cho gid thyc hdnh, thyc tap, thi nghigm theo ygu cau cua gidng vien, dl xuit vin dl, can hdi cin hdi giang vign, lam cac bai thuc hanh, thuc tdp, thi nghiem theo yen ciu mdn hgc va hudng ddn ciia giang vien, chap hdnh nghiem chinh qui dinh vl an todn trong thyc hanh, thyc top, thi nghigm; vigl bao cio thyc hanh, thue tgp, tiii nghiem vd nop eho gidng vien dung han, hodn chinh bao cdo Ihuc hdnh, thyc top, thi nghiem tiieo gdp y, ddnh gia cua gidng vien,
2.2.5 Nhiem vu eua sinh viin Irong gi& tu hgc, ty nghiin ciru
Smh vien nhdn vd xiy dung kl hoach chi tilt Ihyc hien nhiem vu tti hoe tti nghign cdu ma giang vien giao; thuc hign lit kl hogch da lap mgnh dan hen he vdi gidng vign de dugc tij van, hd ttg vl vin de dang tu hgc ty nghien cdu; vili bao cdo thu hoach theo cdc lieu chi ddnh gid cua gidng vien, ttanh thu nhung gdp y ciia giang vien va edc ban khdc, he thong hda, luu giu Iai heu, kit qua tii hpc dl su dung sau nay 2.3 Nhirng ky nang hgc t i p co' ban theo hgc che tin chi
KT nang hoc top theo hgc chg tin ehi rat da dang, phong phu va bao gom nhilu ky ndng thinh phin, Tuy nhien, d bai vill niy, chung loi chi neu ra nhflng ngi dung khai qudt cua mdt so ky nang hgc lap co ban ma sinh vign cdn cd de hoan thdnh cac nhiem
vy hgc tap theo hinh thuc hoc top niy,
2 3.1 Ky ndng Idp vd tkuc hiin ke hoach hpc tdp
Ke hoach hgc tap dugc lap phai dam bao tinh khoa hgc, cy thg, chi tiet va cd thg thyc hien dugc Viec xay dung ke hoach hgc tap ttong chuang ttinh dgo too theo hg thing tin chi can dua vao nhu cau, ndng lye, dilu kien cua ban than Ke hoach hgc lap theo tin chi gdm- kl hoach cho lung gid hgc ly thuyll, tiing gid thdo luan tiing gid lam bdi tgp nhdm vd gid ly hgc
Td kl hoach dd lap, sinh vien cd tiic de biet thyc hien nghiem tiic kl hoach hoc Igp tu dd hoan thanh cdc nhiem vu hoc tgp mot cdch Idl nhdt
2.3 2 Ky ndng ldng nghe vd ghi bdi Irong edc gi& lin chi
Nghe giang Id mgt qud ttinh nhdn thdc don gian nhung la dieu kien quan ttong cho sy biln ddi cda bin thdn chu ihl Do vgy, khi nghe, sinh vign phai hgi sue tdp tnmg, tieh eye, dgc lap Ddng thdi, sinh vign ciing can biet phdi hop nhieu hogl dgng trong do cd viec ghi chep bdi
Ghi bdi khi nghe giing cin phii chon loc biet ghi nhflng y chinh ngi dung eo ban sd dung ki hieu rieng dg ghi nhanh, chinh xdc vd day du Smh vien phai luu y la;
Trang 5Khdng nen chu quan vdi Iri nhd tdt ciia bdn than ma bd qua vigc ghi cac ^ co ban,
nhdng vin dl cin ihic mic, vin dl can md rgng, khdc sdu ttong bdi giang
2 3.3 Ky ndng tim kiim ihdng tin
Tim kilm thong tin id cdng viec ddi hoi phai ed kl nSng mdi dap img dugc yeu ciu, ddi hdi cda chuang Irinh dao lao theo he thong lin chi Ky ndng tun kiem thdng lm
se phuc vu tit cac nhiem vy hgc tap tuong iing vdi lat cd gid tin chi,
Ky nang nay dugc thi hien thdng qua cdc tieu chi: Bigl xdc dinh chii de can tun kilm; bilt lap kl hogch; thu thgp thdng tin, xd ii thong tin, sd dyng thdng tin, kiem tta, ddnh gii qua ttinh lim kiem
2.3.4 Ky ndng doc sdch
Vdi mdt khdi lugng kiln thdc ldn, smh vien phdi bilt xac djnh cic muc tieu can linh hgi, phdn lich, nhdn xet; bilt ndi dung nao dgc ludt, npi dung nao can ddo sau, biet thdu tdm vin dl mpt cdch Idgic, khoa hgc; biel dung but ddnh dau nhung chd quan ttong hay chua hilu dl co thi xem lgi; biel dimg dgc vd dgt nhflng cau hdi va ty tim cau tri ldi Tit nhil Id -vda dgc vua ghi chep lai nhinig kien thdc quan ttgng mgt cich ngin ggn dl giai quyel cdc nhiem vy hgc tdp,
2 3.5 Ky ndng hoe hpp tdc nhdm
Hgc top hop lac la md hinh ttong do ngudi hoc lam viec theo nhdm dg hoan thdnh mdl muc lieu hogt ddng chung trong dieu kien gifla hg cd tuang lac chat che vdi nhau va mdi ca nhan deu chiu tranh nhiem cu the, ddng thai sy tuang lie cd nhan dugc thuc day, cie ky ndng cgng tdc dugc su dung thfch hgp thi nhdm se ngdy cang Cluoc cung cd
Sinh vien cung nhau hge tdp, ttao ddi de hoan thinh myc dich vi nhiem vu ehung, Sinh vien cd ky ndng hgc hgp ldc thg hien d cdc m|il: bigl thiet lap nhdm lam vigc, bigl giao tiep ttong ldm vi^c nhdm, bigt xay dung vd duy tti bau khdng khi tin tudng lin nhau trong lim viec nhdm, biet gidi quyet mdi quan he bat ddng khi lam vigc cung nhau
2.3.6 Ky ndng thuyet Irinh
Thuyll trinh li ttinh bay trudc nhilu ngudi ve mdt vin dl, chii de nao dd Day Id
kT nang quan trgng trong giao liep cung nhu cong viec De cd ky ndng ndy, sinh vien trinh bay cdc vdn de cang nhieu cdng idl, bdi dieu dd se giup cho sinh vien ty lin khi dung trudc ddm dong, ddng Ihdi, ty ren luygn ngdn ngu ndi mdt cdch rd rang, mach lac Ban diu sinh vien cd thi trinh bay bing lai lieu chuin bi d nha mgt cdeh day du Sau khi dd quen vol viec ndi ttudc nhilu ngudi, sinh vien cin ren khd ndng nhin y
Trang 6chinh, trinh bdy nhdng y co ban de phdn tich vin dl, Mudn tiiuyel trinh ill smh vien can chudn bi tdt vl mgi mat nhu ngi dung thuyll ttinh, tdm ihl,
2.3 7 Ky ndng gidi quyel Tmh hudng
Trong qud trinh hgc lap theo hgc che tin chi, sinh vien phdi hgp toe nhilu vdi giang vien vd sinh vien khac nen ky ndng gidi quyet tinh hudng ddng vai trd rit quan ttgng Sinh vien bigl cdch too tinh hudng vd giai quyet tinh hudng se giup bdn than thich dng vdi phuang tiidc dao tgo niy Ky nang gidi quyet tinh hudng thi hien d viec biet: Nhin dien vdn de, lim nguyen nhan cua vdn de, phan loai vdn dl, tim gidi phip va lua chgn giai phip tdi uu de giai quyel,
2.3.8 Ky ndng dn bdi hpc
Day li hogl ddng cd y nghTa quan Irgng trong vigc lich luy tin chi hgc tap Hoat dpng niy bao gdm; xem lai bai ghi, mdi quan he giua cac phan, bd sung bai ghi bdng nhiing thdng lin nghien cdu dugc d edc tdi lieu khac, nhan dien cdu tnic tilng phan vd loin bai Qua ttinh on bai chinh la qua trinh lii hien cie ngi dung kien thdc da duge dg cap trong gid ly tiiuyet, thyc hdnh vd ti/ hoc Viec tai hien kiln thuc cdn thiel phai dya vdo nhdng bigu tuang, khdi niem, phan dodn dugc ghi nhdn td cac gid tin chi Vigc dn tap vi luyen tap phdi dugc tiln hanh thudng xuyen iheo tilng chuang, Iheo ding phan
vi dn thi het hgc phan,
3, KET LUAN
Hoc chi lin chi la phuang thdc dao tgo cd nhilu uu diem hudng vao vigc phal huy nang Iyc hoc tgp cua ngudi hgc ddng thdi tgo dilu kign cho sinh vien chu ddng, lich eye, ddc lap sing too trong hgc tap Vdi ddc dilm ciia hinh thdc hgc tap nay, smh vien cd nhilu co hdi dl lua chgn tiln ttinh hgc tgp cho bdn than, eiing nhu chuyen ttudng, chuyin nganh, hgc Ihem nganh mdi khi cin thilt Tuy nhien dl dl ddng thich dng vai he thdng dao tgo lin ehi va dgt dugc kit qud tdt trong hge top, sinh vien can thyc hien dugc nhung nhiem -vy hoc lap vd ky ndng hgc tdp cdn cd Vd khi da nam ro nhflng nhiem vu hgc lap theo he thing dao tgo nay va hinh thdnh dugc eac ky ndng hgc tap ttrang dng se giiip smh vign thanh cdng khdng chi d ITnh vyc hoc tap ma cdn nhieu ITnh vyc khac khi budc vio cudc sdng xd hgi sau nay
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
,o, Vu E
3 va cac
Tu diln Bdch khoa, HdNgi
I A l i^lCU 1 llAIVI IS-riAW
[1] Bg Gido due va Dao tao, Vu Dai hpc (2009), Vi he thdng tin chi hoe tap, Hd Ndi [2] Bui Hiln, Vu Vdn Tdo va cac lac gid khdc (2001), Tir diin Gido due hoc, Nxb,
Trang 7[3] Quy che ddo tgo dgi hgc & cao ddng hg chinh quy Iheo hi ihdng lln chi (Ban
hanh theo Quyll dinh sd 43/2007/QD-BGD - DT ngiy 15 thdng 8 ndm 2007 ciia
Bg tmdng Bg Gido due va Dao tao)
[4] Thil Duy Tuyen (2007), Phuang phdp dgy hgc truyin Ihdng vd ddi m&i, Nxb
Gido due Hd Ngi
[5] Hoang Vdn Van (2007), Phuang thdc ddo lao iheo tin chi lich sir, bdn chdi vd nhimg hdm y cho phucmg phdp dgy-hoc & bdc dgi hpc, Ki ygu hgi thdo khoa hgc,
Trung tdm ddo too vd bdi dudng gido vien 1^ luan chinh tti
[6] Dmh Quang Bao (2007), Ren cho sinh vien ky ndng dpc sdch gido khoa, Vi^n
nghign cdu su phgm, Trudng Dgi hgc su phgm Hd Ndi
SOME TASKS AND SKILLS OF STUDENTS IN TEACHING
BY CREDIT SYSTEM
Nguyen Phuang Lan ABSTRACT
Credit-based training has been being implemented m wmeisities of Vietnam for years and had good results mitialh Howevei for students especially sludents in the first year, they encountered quite a few difficulties when study mg in this form The article has given some tasks and skills fai students to enhance the resulls of learning
by credit system
Keyswords: Skills, credit system, lecturers, student, teaching, study