TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HOI s6 2 (222) 2017 SINH VIEN VA DIEN THOAI THONG MINH (SMARTPHONE) VIEC SO" DUNG VA NHU''''NG ANH HU''''6''''NG D^N HOC TAP VA QUAN HE XA HOI NGUY6N XUAN NGHIA* PHAN TH! MINH PHU''''ONG" BINH[.]
Trang 1SINH VIEN VA DIEN THOAI THONG MINH (SMARTPHONE): VIEC SO" DUNG VA NHU'NG ANH HU'6'NG D^N HOC TAP VA QUAN HE XA HOI
NGUY6N XUAN NGHIA* PHAN TH! MINH PHU'ONG" BINH TH! KIM ANN"
N G U Y 6 N TH! TRANG™
S i l viet tim hieu nhO'ng die diim cua viec su' dung dien thoai thdng minh (smartphone) a vii nhdm sinh vien Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh vd anh huang cua
nd len quan h$ xa hoi va vi$c hoc tap cOa nhdm ngwdi tre nay Trong nghien CLHU niy, ly thuyit quyit dinh luin ky thuit cua M McLuhan tuy khdng hoan toan dwgc chap nhdn, nhwng cung goi cho ta nhiiu suy nghi khi mgt cdng nghe mdi tae ddng ien irng xCe cua cac ca nhin va nhirng mdi quan he xa hdi ndi chung
Tir khda: Sinh vien, dien thoai thdng mmh, quan he x i hdi, vdn xa hoi, hgc tip
Nhdn bii ngiy 8/4/2017; tS/a vdo bien tap 9/4/2017; phan bidn 12/4/2017, duygt dang: 20/4/2017
1 G i d l THIEU V A N D £ din so Ty le ngudi sir dyng Hien nay, dien thoai di dgng va dgc smartphone tang len rat nhanh: 36.5% biet dien thoai thdng mmh (smartphone) vao nam 2016 v i 43,7% din so vao
l i mdt phuang tien khdng the thilu 2017 (Kemp 2015)
trong sinh hoat hang ngiy cua nhieu Do tinh thai su tren, bal vilt niy mudn ngudi Van lan truyin mdt nhan xet tim hieu viee su dung smartphone v i khi thu vj v i xac ding: khi rdi khdi anh hudng cua nd trong ddi sdng nha, ba vat dung ta khong t h l thieu la sinh vien tai TPHCM Oe tai niy
vi tien, chia khda v i smartphone, Cic dup'c thu thip dtr lieu vao thing
so lieu dau nim 2015 eho thay, udi 11/2015 v i hoan t i t bio cio vio quy dan sd hon 93 trieu, Viet Nam hien cd 1 nam 2016,
gin 40 trieu ngudi su dyng internet; ^ Viet Nam hien nay chi cd eac bii
123,8 trieu thue bao dien Ihoai dl ddng, bao le te hoac cic bio eao eua cac khoang 32.4 tneu ngudi su dung cdng ty nghien ciru thi trudng neu len smartphone chilm ty le khoang 36% cic nhin xet ve uan de su dyng
smartphone v i anh hudng cua nd -r^ ^ ,' u' Chung la cd t h l k l din bao eao ciia
Truing Da hoc MO Thanh pha HO ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^012) Nielsen
Trang 2-Smartphone Insights, 2012: cua Cdng
ly VTM IT (2014) Phdn tich s6 lieu
thong ke ve internet vd di dong tai
Viet Nam nam 2014; cua Trin Thanh
Tdng (2014) Sao cao khao sat thdi
quen siJ dung smartphone o ngwai
tieu dung 18-35 tuoi tai TPHCM Viec
su dyng smartphone cd lien quan din
mang xa hgi, cd thl k l din bai viet
Dilm Phudc (2012) Facebook vd von
xa hoi v l khia canh quan he xa hdi
eua uiec sir dung smartphone, cd cic
bii bao cua Khanh Ly (2014)
Smartphone giit chit nhirng cude doi
thoai cua eon ngwai: ciia Do Hdng
Quan (2014), Smartphone - biiu twang
vi the ca nhin? Die biet, bii vilt
niy cung k l thua mdt sd nghien ciru
cua cic tac gia nudc ngoii, nhu:
gidi tre nghien smartphone d Hin
Qudc, qua dd tac gia eho thay vln de
nghien smartphone anh hudng len
eic mdl quan h? xa hdi, nghien cuu
Moi iien he giCra nhitng thudc tinh tam
iy vai viec nghien smartphone, voi
giao liep doi dien vi sw vang mat hien
tai cua von xi hgi cua B Casey (2012)
duac thuc hien tai Oai hpe Hongkong,
mdt nghien ciru khac Nhdng ngwai
an tap ky thuat so phwang tien truyin
thdng xa hdi vi von xa hoi cua M
Naseer (2012), tim hilu vai trd cua
hdi, cic moi quan he xa hdi cua cac
nhom di dan tai Stockhohm Thuy
Dien, Rit it bai v l anh hudng eiia
smartphone len viec hgc tip, tuy nhien
cung cd bai cua J, Bryant (2011): Dien
thoai thong mmh trong giio due, d l
cap mdt so cong dyng cua smartphone trong Unh vyc giao due
2 MUC TIEU NGHIEN Cl/U, CO S6
LY THUYET VA PHU'ONG PHAP
Muc tieu nghien cwu
Tir chu d l nghien ciru tong quit trgn, bii viet niy nhim tim hieu thyc trgng viec sir dyng smartphone v i anh hudng cua nd len cac moi quan he xa hgi va viec hoe tip cua sinh vien tgi TPHCIul Cu t h l han, bai viel tim hilu
ue hi^n trang si> dyng u i su pho bien ciia smartphone trong sinh vien trong tuang quan vdl cac y l u to nhan khau
- x i hgi, phin logi eae loai hinh ngudi
su dyng, xae dinh cac tinh nang thudng duac sir dung; phan fich nhung tic ddng, anh hudng va tim quan trgng cua smartphone len cic
m i l quan he xa hgi ua anh hudng Sen
hoat dong hoe tip cua smh vien
Mdt so khai niem
Trude hit, ta can xac djnh mdt s i khai niem
Dien thoai thong minh (smartphone) l i mdt dien thogi di dgng cd he dieu hinh (operating system) cua mdt di^n thoai di ddng cao d p , nd phdi hop mdt so die dilm cCia hg dilu hinh may tinh e i nhan eua dien thoai dl dong, cua mdl PDA'^', cua cac phuong tien nghe nhin va cua thilt bl dinh ur, may ghi am, miy anh va vdi cae smartphone ddl mdi, cd ea chirc ning eiia the lin dung'^'
Quan he xa hgi (social relation) la
Trang 3d u g c h i n h t h a n h t r o n g q u i trinh hoat
d g n g kmh t l , xa h d i , c h i n h tri, p h i p
l u i t , t u t u d n g , d a o d i r e , v i n hda,
M g i s u v a t v i hien t u p ' n g I r o n g xa hdi
d i u c d nhO'ng m o i lien he v d i n h a u ,
N h u n g k h d n g phai m d i lien he nao
c u n g la q u a n h e xa hdi Q u a n he x i
hdi d u a e h i n h t h i n h tir t u a n g t i e x i
h d i NhO'ng t u o n g t i c n i y k h d n g phai
l i n g i u n h i e n , m i t h u d n g phai c d
m u c d i e h , ed h o a e h d j n h NhCrng
t u a n g l i c nay phai c d xu h u d n g l i p
lai, on d i n h v i tao lap ra m g t m o hinh
h a n h d d n g t r o n g m d h i n h t u o n g tac
n a y p h a i d a t d u a e m d t m i r c do l u
d d n g h d a n h a t djnh n i o do T i r e l i hg
n h u t h d i q u e n ' ^ '
Co sa ly thuyit
V d i c h u d l n g h i e n c i r u tren, c d the
Crng d u n g n h i e u ly t h u y l t , tuy nhien
e h i i n g tdi s i r d u n g hai ly t h u y l t c h i n h
y l u l i ly I h u y l t q u y l t d m h luan ky
t h u § t ( t e c h n o l o g i c a l d e t e r m i n i s m ) v i ly
t h u y l t e h i r e n i n g
• Ly t h u y e t q u y l t d m h luan ky thuat
c u a M a r s h a l l M c L u h a n
H, Innis v i M M c L u h a n t h u d c v l
t r u d n g p h i i T o r o n t o , C a n a d a Q u a n
d i e m c u a c i e d n g c h o c h i i n g ta nhu'ng
go'i y h i r u ich trong nghien c i r u n h i r n g
c d n g n g h e m d i v i anh h u d n g eua
e h i i n g , n h i t l i khi Innis c h o r i n g ehinh
ky t h u a t c u a c a e p h u a n g tien t r u y i n
t h d n g q u y l t djnh each t h i r c suy n g h i
va d n g x i r c u a con n g u d i , Ly t h u y l t
e u a M c L u h a n d i o s i u t u t u d n g c u a
c i i a g i i c quan v i he t h i n g t h i n kinh cua con n g u d i , vi t h l nhi>ng thay doi
ky t h u i t c d t h l d i n t d i n h u n g c i c h thirc I n g i i c ua nhan thirc m d i Ong cd
m p t cau ndi ndi t i l n g " p h u o n g tien
t r u y i n t h o n g c h i n h l i thdng diep"
T h e o ly thuyet n i y , ky thugt la mdt s y khdng ngu'ng m d i m e m a cai m d i ay
d u g e tao ra tir con n g u d i va chinh eai
m d i ay lal lam thay doi cude sdng eua
ho ( M c L u h a n 1994) A p dung v i o chCi
d l nghien c i r u , s m a r t p h o n e x u i t hien trong t h d i gian g a n day k i t h a p eac
c h i r c n i n g cua dien thoai di dgng thdng t h u d n g , v d i ehire n i n g eua may tinh laptop, may ghi i m , ghi hinh, tir dien, d d n g ho b i o thire dang t h u e
s u thay ddl n h i l u khia cgnh cua d d i
s d n g eon n g u d i
• Ly t h u y l t c h i r c nang
S m a r t p h o n e la m o i cdng cu thugc dinh
c h e I r u y i n thdng va nd cung cd chire nang rieng ddi v d i xa hgi Trong xu
h u d n g nghien c i r u c h i r c nang luan, cd Idi t i l p can " s i r d u n g va hai Idng" ("uses and gratifications" approach),
m a m d t t r o n g c i c lae g i i dau tien irng
O n g d a dat ra eau hoi ddc d i e cdng
c h i i n g d i lam g i v d i c i c p h u o n g tien
t r u y i n I h d n g ? N h u vay phai t i m xem edng chung c h d d g i g i , ddi hdi gi d
c i c p h u o n g lien t r u y i n t h d n g Hay ndi each khac, v d i c i c n h d m cdng chimg khac nhau cd the c d nhieu k i l u hai long k h i e nhau v l cac p h u o n g tien
t r u y i n t h d n g (Tran Htj-u Q u a n g 2006) loai n g u d i sir dung s m a r t p h o n e thanh
Trang 4nhilu logi khie nhau, ed nhung yeu
clu, thda min khic nhau
Smartphone khdng chi cd chirc nang
tao lap cic mdi quan he x i hdi, m i
cdn ho trg viec hgc tgp, nhu tim kilm
thong tin, luu tru du' lieu
Gia thuyet cua nghien cwu
Tir nhung dir lieu thu thap sa bd va tir
cac ly thuylt tren nghien cuu nay dit
ra hai gia thuylt chinh 1) Dien thogi
thdng minh vdi tu each la mgt ky thual
mdl ra ddi, nd se thay ddi nhieu khia
eanh trong ddi song, dac bi^t vdi sinh
vien, no se phin nao thay doi cac mdi
quan he xa hoi v i anh hudng tdi viec
hoc tap; 2) Smh vien si> dyng
smartphone khdng phai ia mgt khdi
ngudi thing nhal, m i ed nhieu logi
ngudi khic nhau vdi nhirng yeu cau
va thda man khae nhau
Phwang phdp
Do nhirng han chl khieh quan v i chu
quan, khieh the nghien ciru bao gdm
400 smh vien dang theo hgc ehuong
trinh ehinh qui tip trung, thudc cic
khdi nganh ky thuat, kinh te, xa hdi va
khoa hoc tu nhien, tai eac trudng dai
hge thuoc dia bin TPHCM; trong dd
chia diu ra 200 smh vien l i nam v i
200 smh vien la nir; phin diu cho 4
trudng dai hge tren dia ban
TPHCM-Trudng Oai hge Khoa hgc Tu nhien,
Trudng Oai hgc Khoa hoc Xa hdi v i
Nhan van, Trudng Oai hoc Bach khoa
v i Trudng Dai hgc Kinh t l , nhu viy
mdi trudng l i 100 sinh vien
Nghien ciru niy phdi hgp phuang
phap dmh luang v i dmh tinh, nhung
chCi y l u la djnh lugng, do do cdng ey thu thap thong tin chinh ylu l i ban hdi Ban hdi dugc xay dyng vdi 28 cau hdi ehinh nham lam rd nh&ng thdng tin co ban sau: die dilm nhin khau - x i hgi cua sinh vien; cic dgc dilm lien quan din ui^e sir dung smartphone; cic chi bio do ludng quan hg x i hdi eua smh uien cd sil dung smartphone; vi^c sCr dyng smartphone trong vi^c hge tip Ngoii ra, nghien ciru su dyng mgt so thang do
• Thang do muc do nghidn smartphone Mdt chf so de do ludng viec sir dyng
l i mirc dp nghien smarthphone dugc khao sit bing thang do Likert (1 = hoan toan khdng diing; 5 = hoan lean dimg) vdi cic eau hdi, mue (item) sau:
- Ban da c l ging dinh it thdi gian tren dien thoai thdng mmh cua ban nhung khdng the
- Bgn ludn cam thay ban tam v l chile smartphone eCia minh khi ban khang sir dung nd, hoic ludn tudng tugng
ve nd
- Ban sir dung smartphone d l lam cho ban cam thiy lot han khi ban dang cam thiy tdile
Ban cam thay minh su dyng smartphone nhilu hon so vdi thdi gian dudjnh
- Ban da duoe cho bilt rang bgn danh qui nhilu thdi gian tren chile smartphone cua ban
- Ban thudng nghT rang bgn nen cit
Trang 5- Ban be va gia dinh cua ban hay than
philn ve vigc sie dung smartphone
eiia bgn
- Nang suit ciia ban giam din, la ket
qua true tilp dg ban ludn dinh thdi
gian tren smartphone
- Ban cam thay ban ban rgn vdi
smartphone khi ding ra ban cin phai
lim nhung thCr khic
- Ban se eim thiy lo ling nlu nhu
ban khdng the kiem tra cae thong diep
hoae md smartphone cua ban trong
mdt thdi gian
• Thang do u l su co dan
Mdt gia thuylt duoc nhieu cong trinh
nghien ciru d l cap din la nhung
ngudi su dyng smartphone nhilu la
nhu'ng ngudi thudng cam thay cd don,
nhu eae nghien ciru ciia N Park, B
Casey d i d l cap d phin tong quan tu
lieu, m i chUng ldi k l thira trong bii
v i l l niy
Thang do Likert (1 = khdng bao gid; 2
= hilm khi, 3 = kha thudng xuyen, 4 =
thudng xuyen) nay bao gdm cac ciu
hdi sau:
- Ban CO Ihudng cam thiy rang khdng
ed mdt ai ban cd the cting lam viec?
- Ban cd thudng cam thay ring minh
tich biet khdi nhdm ban b6?
- Ban ed thudng cam thay ring ban
cd rit nhilu dilm chung vdi nhu'ng
ngudi xung quanh ban?
- Ban cd Ihudng cam thiy ring sd
thich v i y tudng cua ban khdng dugc
chia se bdi nhirng ngudi xung quanh
bgn?
- Ban cd thudng cam thiy cdi md v i than thien?
- Ban cd Ihudng cam thiy ring ban bi
ed lip ttr nhirng ngudi khic?
- Bgn cd thugng cam thay rang ban
cd t h l tim mot tinh ban khi ban muln?
• Thang do v l sy nhut nhat (shyness) Thang do Likert (1 = hoin loan khdng dimg; 5 = hoin toan dung) nay bao gom cic cau hdi sau:
Tdi cam thiy khd khan khi ndi chuyen vdi ngudi khdng quen
- Tdi Ihudng cam Ihiy vung v l khi giao tilp vdi ngudi khic
- Tdi kin dio v i giCr kin moi chuyen
- T6i l i ngudi mgnh dgn ua giao tilp tot
- Tdi qui quan tam din cic hinh ddng
cu xie cua chinh minh v i hay xau hd
Ngoii viec thu thap cac du li?u djnh lugng, de cd duac nhirng thdng tin dinh tinh ehi tilt va sau sic hon,
chiing tdi da tiln hanh phdng vin siu
6 sinh vien thude mdt so trudng dai hoe nhim phit hien nhirng khia cgnh mdl me, s i u sac, ddng thai hieu rd han nhirng suy nghT, y kiln v l anh hudng cua viec su dung smartphone doi udi cae quan h0 x i hdi va viec hoc tap eua sinh vien Ben cgnh dd chung tdi cung phdng vln 5 giang vien (2 nam ua 3 n&) u l nhan dmh cua hg v l anh hudng cua smartphone ddi vdi viec hgc cua smh vien
DT nhien, bii vilt cdn su-dyng phuang phip nghien ciru tu lieu qua sich bao
va ca t i i lieu internet d l thuc hien vigc
Trang 6lim tong quan tu lieu de l i i da chgn
va minh hoa cho eac phan khic V i
cull cimg, ehiing tdi diing quan sit
-bang giac quan va edng cu miy mdc
(vi nhu miy anh) de ghi nhan nhirng
dO lieu eho bao cao'^'
3 K^T QUA NGHIEN CO-U
3.1 Nhirng die diem lien quan din
viec su dung smartphone ciia sinh
vien
Trudc hit la su phin loai cic hang
ngudi sir dung dua Iren tuang quan
vdi edng nghe*^' Phan tieh cac du' lieu
Ihu thap cho ta thiy ed bin hang
ngudi, nhu sau
Nhirng ngudi sd dung binh thudng
-la nhirng ngudi thiy moi ngudi sir
liic cdn duoe gidi chuyen mdn ggi l i
nhirng ngudi "cham l y t v l cdng nghg"
(technological laggers) Nhdm ngudi
nay chilm 34,8% Irong mau nghien
cuu
- Nhirng ngudi thieh irng cdng nghe
(technological adapters), la nhung
ngudi SCK dung smartphone de cugc
sdng ti^n nghi, d§ ding hon va nhim
ngudi niy cd ty le cao nhit chilm
40,2% miu nghien ciru
- Nhu'ng ngudi chii trgng khia canh
mdt, thdi trang ctia cong nghe
(technological chics) Hg mong mudn
uiec SLP dyng smartphone se lam tang
ui t h l xa hdl, "ding cip" cua hg,
Nhdm ngudi nay chiem 11 %
- Nhu'ng ngudi nghien cdng nghe
dugc nhO'ng cdng nghe mdi nhat, thich kham phi nhtrng tinh nang mdi; ehilm 14% long sd mlu nghien ciru
Su phin logi niy r i t quan trong vl no tic ddng len nhO'ng dac diem khic cua ngudi su dung Ty 1$ phin trim nhirng smh vien nghidn edng nghe va nhirng ngudi chii trgng bilu hien v]
t h l eua smartphone l i k h i cao trong nhirng sinh vien thuge eic gia dinh giau ed va khi gia (tuong irng 32% va 43,2%) (Bang cheo cae loai ngudi sir dyng va tinh trgng kmh t l gia dinh eho
ta kiem dinh ehi binh phuong nhu sau' X^ = 21,267, df= 6, p = 0.002) Nhirng smh vien thudc loal niy thudng sinh sing d thinh thi hay cac thi xa, th| tran (Bang cheo cic loai ngudi sir dyng v i nguon gdc que quin: X^ = 13,265, df = 6, p = 0.039)
Va ta eung nhin thiy, khoing 57% va 59% nhtrng ngudi nghien cdng nghe
u i nhtrng ngudi chii Irgng bieu hien vi
I h l xa hdl cua smartphone mua nhirng dien thoai tir 5 trieu cho din tren 10 tneu ddng Trong khi cd din 41,7% nhirng ngudi sCr dung binh thudng mua nhtrng dien thogi Itr 1 din dudi 3 tneu (xrn xem Bang 1: X^ = 40,268; df= 12, p = 0.000)
Ve thdi gian bat dau sir dung smartphone, y l u t l que quan v i tinh trang kinh t l cua gia dinh cho thay cd
su tic ddng: nhu'ng sinh vien d thanh thi, thi trin cd thdi gian siV dung smartphone sdm hon va nhtrng sinh vien thudc gia dinh giiu cd, kha gia, cung la nhirng ngudi sir dyng sdm
Trang 7Bang 1 Loai nguai sirdung v i miicgi^ cua smartphone
Loai ngtroi sCi' dyng
Binh thugng
Chu trgng ti§n nghi, hi#u nSng
cong vigc
Chti trgng vl th4, "ding cap"
Nghi§n cflng ngh$
fi/ltfc gid
1- < 3lr 41,7 26,7 22,7 17,9
3 - < 5tr 33,8 39,8 18,2 25,0
5 -< 7 tr 13,7 18,6 34,1 26,8
7-<10tr 5,0 9,3 11,4 21,4
>= 10 tr 5,8 5,6 13.6 8,9
Tong 100% 100% 100% 100% Wgudn-Kit qua khao s^teuad^t^i, th^ng 11/2015
X^ = 40,268, df=- 12 :p = 0.000
43; df = 6; p = 0,002, X^ = 14,89; df = 6;
p = 0,021) V i trong cac loai ngudi sO
dyng, nhtrng ngudi xem smartphone
la bilu hien cua vj t h l ed ty le % sir
dung Iren 3 nim cao nhat - gin 30%,
k l din l i nhO'ng ngudi nghien edng
nghe 25%, trong khi ty le niy d
nhu'ng ngudi sit dung binh Ihudng chf
la 15% (Kilm dmh X^ cho thiy su
khic biet nay cd y nghTa X^ = 22,41,
df = 9; p = 0.008)
Thdi gian sinh vien su dung smar^hone
trung binh mdi ngiy la 163 phiit'^', thdi
gian nay bi chi phoi bdi cic ylu l l
kinh te gia dinh, que quin, thdi gian
b i t diu su dung u i loai ngudi sir
dung Cd nghTa la nhung smh vien cd
gia dinh giau, khi gia, sinh sing d
thinh pho v i thi trin, nhu'ng sinh uifen
da su dung smartphone lau nam u i
"ding cip", nghign cdng nghe , thi cd
thdi gian sir dyng smartphone hing
ngiy nhieu han, bdi le kiem dinh
chi-square cho ta k i t qua lan luot nhu
sau: X' = 17,62, df= 8, p= 0 024; X' =
25.86, df= 8, p= 0.001; X' = 42.117,
df= 12, p= 0,000; X^ = 23,895, df = 12,
p = 0.021
v l ehi phi sir dung 70% smh vien chi dudi lOO.OOOdong/thing Chi phi nay
bl chi phdi bdi tinh trang kinh l l gia dinh, khoi nganh hgc v i loai ngudi sir dung Sinh vien cang kha gia chi phi cho smartphone cang nhilu (X^ = 40,063, df = 8; p = 0 000) Vdi khoi
hgi v i nhan van chi phi cho smartphone hang thing nhilu nhit (37% tdn tren
100 000 dong) va it nhit la smh vien khoi tu nhien (22% ton tren 100 OOOd) (X^ = 22 70 df = B; p = 0.030) Vdi loai ngudi sir dung, sinh vien Ihugc loai
nhat (38% ton tren 100.000 dong/ thing), k l den l i loai ehii trgng "ding cip" (31% tdn tren 100.000 ddng/ thing)
De tim hilu mire dd sir dung cic tinh
khao sat 14 tinh nang cua smartphone
udi thang do: 1, khdng su' dung, 2
khdng thudng xuyen, 3: thudng xuyen, 4: kha thudng xuyen, 5' f i t thudng xuyen Kit qua cho thiy cd 5 tinh nang sinh vien tham gia nhilu nhit dd
Trang 8Bang 2, Mirc dd su dung cic
linh
chirc nang eiia Smartphone cua smh vien theo gidi
Cac chtfc nSng
Tin nhan van ban
Gqi/nghe di^n thogi
Chci games
GCfi/nhan mail
Chupinh, quay phim
Mang xd hfli
Liru IrtP cac thflng tin va tai li$u
Sti' dung ban do tim vi Irl, GPS
Ghi am
Bao Ihirc
Radio
Word, excel, powerpoml
Dgc truyen
Nghe nhac
Gidl linh Nam Oiem TB 3,46 3,50 3,35 2,86 3,44 3,66 3,17 3,07 2,47 3,31 2,42 2,38 2,81 3,71
NO-Diem TB 3,35 3,61 3,20 2,92 3,66 3,79 3,03 2,92 2,75 3,43 2,51 2,47 3,14 3,93
Kiem djnh str khac bi$t gi&a 2 nhflm
1 = 0 852, d f = 398, ns
t =-0.910, d f ^ 398, ns t= 1 280 d f = 3 9 8 , ns
t = - 0 4 6 9 , d f = 3 9 8 , ns
t =-1.986, df = 398, p =0.048
t = -1 212, d f = 3 9 8 , ns
t = 1 0 6 2 , d f = 3 9 8 , ns
t = 0.511, d f = 398, ns
t ^-2,397 ,df= 398, ns
t =-0.913, df = 398, p = 0.017
t =-0,746, d f = 398, ns
t = -0 6 9 1 , d f = 3 9 7 , n s
t = -2.638, df = 398, p = 0.009
t = -1 959, df = 397, ns
Nguon, Kel qua khao sat cua d l tii, thing 11/2015,
l i nghe nhac (dilm trung binh: 3,82),
mang xa hgi (3,72), goi/nghe dien
Ihoai (3,55), chyp anh quay phim
(3,54), tin nhin van ban (3,40) ua
ghi i m (2,60), nghe radio (2,46) u i
eie chirc nang vin phdng Word,
Excel, PowerPoint (2,42)
So sanh nam va ntr smh vien trong
viec su dung ehuc ning nay, ta Ihay
cd su khac biel giO'a nam ua nCr, cd
mdl so chuc nang nam sCr dung nhilu
hgn nu-, ed nhung chirc nang nO' su
dyng nhiiu hon nam ua cting cd mgt
so chirc ning nam va ntr sir dyng gin
ngang nhau Tuy nhien, xel v l khac
biel cd y nghTa thing ke, chi cd ba
chirc ning sau l i co khic biet giira nam nu' sinh vien (xem Bang 2)
- Chirc ning ehup anh, quay phim diem so trung binh eua nam: 3,44; nO" 3,66; I = 1,986; p = 0.048 NO' gidi vdi die linh thugng chu trong bin ngoii, tinh cam v i cu the, do dd muon ghi Igt cic sy kien nhilu han nam gidi Chirc nang bao thirc cua smartphone dilm sd trung binh cua nam: 3,31; nu' 3,43; t = 0,913; p = 0.017 NO' gidl can than, nghigm tiic hon vdl gid giic, do dd sCr dung chirc ning bio thire nhilu han
- Chire nang doc truygn, dilm so trung binh ciia nam 2,81, nu', 3,14; I =
Trang 9Bang 3 Cic cum chirc nSng cua smartphone theo logi hinh nguoi sir dung
Loai hinh ngufl*! s u dyng
Binh thuong
Chti trgng tifen nghi, higu
nang cflng viec
Chil trong vi the "ding c^p"
Nghien cflng ngh$
Kiem dinh An ova
Diem trung binh ChifC ntng
c o b a n
9,78 11,27 9,04 9,94 F^ 10,14
ChtfC nfing giai tri 16,70 17,62 16,65 18,58 F= 4,25 p=0,006
Chuc nSng lien quan cOng vifc 9,8 11,62 11,38 12,30 F= 7,30 p^O.OOO
Chirc nSng cao cap 5,39 6,32 6,06 7,14 F= 3,70 p=0-On
Ngudn: Kel qua khao sil cua de lii Ihing 11/2015
hon ca Va khac biet niy cho thiy mdt
dac trung giai tri eua ntr smh vien
Tu 14 tinh nang tren, ta cd the phin
thanh bin cym chirc nang chinh
- Cic chirc nang eo ban (basic functions)
bao gom: su dgng tin nhin, ggi/nghe
dien thoai, bao thirc ,
- Cic chue ning giai tri (fun functions)
choi games, chup anh, quay phim,
mgng xa hdi, doe truyen, nghe nhgc
- Cic ehire nang lien quan din cdng
viec (work-related functions); gui/nhan
email, luu trtJ- tai ligu, van ban Word,
Excel
- Cie chire ning cao cip (advanced
functions)- GPS, djnh vi, ban dd,.,
Viec sir dyng ca bin cym chuc ning
d i u cd khac biet ttiy logi ngudi sir
dyng (xin xem Bang 3)
- Vdi cum chu'c nang ca ban cua
smartphone, nhOng ngudi chii trgng
tien nghi, hieu nang cua edng uiec cd
dilm trung binh eao nhit (11,27) va
nhtrng ngudi chii trgng vi t h l , "ding
(9,04) Doi vdi nhirng nhdm ngudi sau, smartphone ddi liic chf la mot Irang Iri eua hg
- Vdi cum chue nang lien quan din cdng viec, nhtrng ngudi nghien cdng nghe v i nhung ngudi chii Irgng hieu nang cua edng viec cd dilm trung binh eao nhal (lin lugl la 12,30 v i 11,62)
- Va cudi ciing vdi cac chirc ning cao cap cua smartphone nhdm nhtrng ngudi nghien cdng nghe cd diem trung binh cao nhit (7,14) Day cung
l i dilu d l hilu, nhtrng ngudi nay su dung nhtrng smartphone mdi, dit tiln
l i d l thda man Id md, khim phi, sir dung nhtrng chuc ning, cdng nghe mdi nhll cua smartphone 3.2 Anh hudng cua vifc sir dung smartphone ddi vo'i quan he x i hoi Anh hudng ciia uiec su' dung smartphone vdi quan he xa hgi la mdt van de rit rgng, bai uilt niy gidi han chi tim hiiu uiec sir dung smartphone
de nil mang x i hdi, gia tang so luang ban be, smartphone va von x i hdi, ua
Trang 10CUOI cimg tim hilu tuang quan giua
uln d l nghien smartphone vdi tinh
nhiit nhal, sy ed dan
Smarthphone gia tang kit noi mang
xa hdi, gia tang so ban be
Kit qui phan tich cho thiy 84,2% smh
vien sir dyng smartphone cd tham gia
facebook k l din Zala 65,2%, Viber:
40,5%, Zingme 39,8%, Skype: 38,3%
V i chinh qua eac mang xa hdi m i so
luang bgn be cua ngudi su dyng gia
tang Trong miu nghien cuu niy, sd
lugng Irung binh ban be cua sinh vien
l i 528 ngudi Smh vien cd thdi gian
sir dung smartphone hang ngiy eang
cao thi sd lugng bgn be cang gia tang
0.162, p = 0.001)
v l giai linh, so luong ban trung binh
ciia nam smh vien l i 530 ngudi, nu
la 526 ngudi Sy khic biel nay khdng
cd y nghTa thing ke (I = 0.093; p =
0.926)
Trong khi dd, su khac biet v l sd
lugng bgn be giUa sinh vien thuoc eic
khli khac nhau, dang cho chOng ta
quan 1am So ban Irung binh ciia sinh
vien thudc khoi kinh l i cao nhit 585
bgn, k l dd khli xa hdi - nhan van' 579
ngudi; khli ky thuat: 533 ngudi; khoi
khoa hgc tu nhien 414 ngudi (F =
4.29; p =0 005)
Sy khac biel v i sd luang ban be cua
nhtrng loai ngudi sir dung eung dang
luu y So lugng ban Irung binh ciia
nhu'ng ngudi su dyng chii trong vi thi
bieu hien cua smartphone eao nhat
-618 ngudi Dilu niy cung d l hieu, vi
truang v l hinh thire ua muon eho ngudi khic bilt "ta day quan he rgng";
ke din la hang ngudi sir dyng binh thudng 584 ban, nhu-ng ngudi nghien cdng nghe ua chii trgng hieu nang cua smartphone cd sd lugng ban it hon, lin lugt la 486 ngudi va 469 ngudi (F
= 3,260, p = 0.022)
Smartphone va vdn xa hoi
Cd t h l neu ra hai khuynh hudng chinh v l dinh nghTa von x i hoi (Nguyin Xuan NghTa, Huynh Thi Dilm
2) dinh nghTa vdn xa hdi: "la tap hgp nhO'ng ngudn lyc hiin thue hay kha the ed lien quan din mgt mang ludi bin vu-ng bao gdm cac mdi lien he quen biit nhau va nhan ra nhau, it nhilu da duac dinh chi hda" Ong cung quan mem "Khoi lugng vln xa hdl cua mdt l i e nhan cu the nao dd nhu vay phy thudc vao muc quy mo mang ludi cic moi lien hf ma ngtrdi
do cd I h l huy ddng dugc trong Ihyc t l ,
va vio khli lugng von (kinh t l , van hda hay bieu trung) cua tirng ngudi
1980- 2) Nam 1988, nhi xa hdi hoc
My J Coleman (1988 S98) dua ra mdt quan diem khac v l vdn xa hgi,
triic luan v i ca the lugn: "Vln xa hgi khdng phai l i mdt thyc thl don gian
hai ylu to chung tat ca chiing diu bao gom mdt vii khia cgnh ciia kit ciu xa hdi ua chung tao sy d i ding
the cd t h l 1^ ca I h l hay l i p thl