TAP CHi KHOA HQC BAI HOC VAN LANG Phan HUTI Hanh KY NANG VIET VA NGON TlT TRONG CAC LOAI BAI VIET KHOA HOC BANG TIENG ANH WRITING AND LANGUAGE SKILLS IN KIND FROM SCIENCE ARTICLE IN ENGLISH PHAN HUV H[.]
Trang 1KY NANG VIET VA NGON TlT TRONG CAC LOAI BAI VIET KHOA HOC BANG TIENG ANH
WRITING AND LANGUAGE SKILLS IN KIND FROM SCIENCE ARTICLE IN ENGLISH
PHAN HUV HANH^'^
TOM TAT: Cudc tranh lugn vi nghien cuu khoa hoc viit bdng tiing Anh theo thi chu
ddng (Active Voice) hay thu ddng (Passive Voice) vdn chua nga ngU Vd, viit bdi bdo khoa hoc di duac chdp nhdn cho cdng bd trin mdt trong cdc tgp chi chuyin ngdnh ndi tiing vd
cd uy tin tren the gidi thuc su khdng he di chut ndo Ngay cd tdc gid md tiing Anh la tiing
me de cSng cam thdy khd Dieu quan tdm mudn ndi, trong khoa hoc neu bdi bdo khdng thi hien xuyin sudt hai tieu chudn vdng de duac ddnh gid "well-written "la tinh dan gidn (simplicity) vd trong sdng (Clarity), khdng tudn thu cau true "IMRAD " (Introduction -Method - Result Discussion), ddng th&i mdc qud nhiiu Idi sa ddng vi ngie phdp, edu triic cau, cdch sie diing tie, ndi dung han la trinh do tiing Anh vd khd nang viit cua tdc gid cd vdn di thi mde nhien sd phdn bdi viit dd xem nhu chdm hit Tdm lai, ca hdi mdt bdi bdo khoa hoc duac ddng rdt cao, tuc la bdi dd phdi vuat qua hdng rao cdn cua nhd phi binh duyet ddng cdp ky tinh (Meticulous Peer Reviewers) mdi mong chen chdn vdo cdc tap san khoa hoc danh tiing the gidi
Ti^ khda: ky ndng viet, bdi viet khoa hoc bdng tieng Anh, edu true "IMRAD "
ABSTRACT: The argument over scientific research written in English subject to Active
voice or Passive remains indecisive And, writing a scientific paper to be accepted to publish in one of the specialized reviews famous and very prestigious in the world is really
no easy thing at all Even authors whose mother tongue is English also feel hard to do it The concern worth mentioning is in science, if any writings fail to express themselves the coherence of the two gold criteria (Simplicity and Clarity) and fail to comply with the structure "IMRAD" (Introduction - Method - Result - Discussion), at the same time making a whole host of rudimentary errors related to grammar, sentence structure, wordage, or rather, the authors' English level and writing skill are problematic, the fate'
of such papers seems to be automatically over In a nutshell, the chance of a scientific paper accepted to go to press is very high, i.e that paper must cross over the hurdles of meticulous peer reviewers in the hope of setting foot in the world- renowned scientific journals
Key words: writing skill, science article in english structure "IMRAD "
^*' NGUT Trutmg Dai hoc VSn Lang, Email phanhuuhank@vanlanguni edu v
Trang 2L KHAI QUAT VAN DE
Khong it ngudi thudng cho rang viet
mpt bai ngbiSn cuu khoa hpc, mpt de tai
khoa hgc bang tieng nude ngodi goc
Xla-vo, cu the d ddy la Anh ngd, thi rdt de vi
chi cdn neu len nhdng y tudng gi mdi Id
dugc Ngudi viet chang can co kien thuc gi
mdy v l ky nang viSt (Writing skill), ky
thuat viet (Technical writing), each viet
sdng tao (Creative writing), phep chdm edu
(Punctuation), bi quyet viet hoa
(Capitalisation) cda tieng Anh vd cdc ngon
ngu cung glc XIa-vo (Phdp, Due, Tdy Ban
Nha, ), thi (Tense), cdch chpn tu
(wordage) khi co nhieu lua chpn, su ket
hgp tu (Collocation) Nhung tdc gia bai
bao nay lai nghi kh6ng hdn nhu vay vd cho
la lam to day Xin ndi ngay rang bdy Idu
nay, cdc hpc gia va chuyen gia viet lach
vdn tin nhieu gidy muc tranh cai ve ky
nang viet cdc loai bdi viet khoa hpc md
hinh nhu chua din hoi ket Hp noi ky nang
viet, vdn phong vd ngon td trong cdc tai
lieu khoa hpc nen theo the chd dpng
(Active voice) bay thu ddng (Passive) Hp
lap luan cac tap chi, tap san khoa hpc danh
tieng, rdt co uy tin tren the gidi deu xudt
bdn bang Anh ngd vd hdu hSt Id cda cdc
nude Anh, My, Phap, Ddc, Nga nhu
Science et Vie, Lancet, Scientist, Vision,
JANA, Genetics, New England of
Medicine, Knowledge Is Power Tat cd
cac an pliam nay deu khuyen khich tdc gid
gdi bdi ddng dung thS chu dgng Tai sao
vay? Vi viet the nay bg phdn bien tap
khong mdt nhiiu thi gid chuyin edu tu thu
dpng sang chu dpng Dac biet la thi chu
dpng ldm cho cac y tudng vd y niem (Ideas
and Thoughts) logic hem, cu the hon, ddy
du hem, khdc chiet hon, trong sang va rach rdi hon, vd tat yiu de hiiu hem, trdnh dugc hieu lam de gdy tranh cai Vi du: Thay vi viet: "Nothing can be done about this incurable disease" hay "There is nothing that can be about this incurable disease" thi nen viet, "We can't do anything about this incurable disease", ho^c "Earthquakes are normally measured with this device" nen vilt, "We normally measure earthquakes with this device" Thu dpc them vd so sdnh
3 vi du sau: "Most of the advantages (=edges) of the earlier types were incorporated in this new model" vdi "We incorporated most of the advantages (=edges) of the earlier types in this new model" (Chung tdi da dua phdn Idn cac Ipi the cua cdc kifiu trudc dd vdo mdu md sdn phdm mdi nay), hoac "After a lot of new plant was introduced into our factory, the steel production could be speeded up" vdi
"After we introduced/ introducing a lot of new plant into our factory, we could speed
up the steel production" (Sau khi chung toi dua vao su dung nhieu may mdc mdi, chdng tdi cd the tang nhanh sdn lugng thep) hoac "It is argreed that our new design will strive for simplicity" vdi "We agree that our new design will strive for simplicity" (Chung tdi di den thda thuan rang ban thiet
ke mdu ma/ t^o ddng mdi nhat dinh se dua den sir thanh thoat dung di) Vay thu hoi cdch dung thi ndo dl hieu hon?
Trai lai, m^t triet gia Phdp co edu noi noi tieng de ddi "Cdi tdi la (cdi) ddng ghet" (Le moi est haissable) Ngudi Anh cung co edu tuong tu, "Egotism is hateful" (Th6i tat
tu cao tu dai th§t rdt ddng ghet) Do vay,
Trang 3viet van khoa hgc theo t h i chd ddng nhu "I
think" (Toi nghT) hay "We recommend"
(Chdng toi khuyen/ khuyin cao/ dl nghj)
hoac "We propose" (Chung toi de nghi)
hay "I suggest" (Tdi ggi y) Tdt cd "cai
toi" nay rdt d l ldm ngudi dgc "mdt edm
tinh", "khd chju", vd cho ngudi viet "hgm
hinh", "ta ddy", "thilu khiem nhudng" Cac
bde "trudng thugng" do deu ndi cdch viet
van khoa hpc tdt nhat la viet theo the thu
dpng, la hieu qud toi uu (Optimal) vd chdc
an (on the safe side) Mgt bdi viet khoa hpc
vdi the chd ddng cung co chuc nang chinh
ddng cua nd Thdng thudng, su dung each
viet nhu the tac gia cd dung y dinh hudng
nghien cuu, edu true cau rd rang hem,
khdng djnh sd huru y tudng nao do, phat
bieu gid thuyet, trinh lang ket qud nghien
edu, hoc bach y kien cd nhdn Trudc ddy
ciing da cd mpt vdi nghien edu cho thay
rdng cdch dung thi chd ddng cd xu hudng
rdt khdc nhau giua tac gid vdi tieng Anh Id
ngoai ngu va tdc gid vdi Anh ngu la tieng
me de Thuc ra, each viet vdi dai td "I" hay
"We" xudt hien thudng xuyen trong vdn
phong khoa hpc cung tuy thudc vdo uy tin,
vi the cua tdc gid trong gidi khoa hpc Neu
ngudi vilt da thdnh danh, rdt sdng gia md
dung hai dai tu nhan xung do nhu "I think",
"I believe", "We recommend" thi chac it ai
dat vdn d l nay np Nhung neu trudng hgp
nay la mot nghien edu sinh hay mot nhd
khoa hpc chua dd kinh nghiem thi nhdt
djnh se gdy cho ngudi dpc uyen bde cam
thdy khd chiu, coi tac gid d6 thilu khiem
tin Do vay, hp cd Idi khuyen chdn thdnh
bdt thdnh vdn (sincere advice not in
chung nen dung the thu ddng vdi dai tu "It" Idm chu ngij gia/ hinh thuc (A Formal/Dummy Subject) nhdm trdnh chuoc lay nhiing rac rdi phien todi khdng can thiet ndi tren
Nhdn ddy xin ndi them, gidi khoa hgc phuong Tdy lam gi cung "can nhac Igi hai, thiet hon" (weigh the pros and the corns) Cdu hdi don gidn ddt ra id trong cdc bdi viet khoa hgc, tdn suat sd dung "I" hay "We" Id bao nhieu? Trd Idi cac cdu hdi nay, mot nu hpc gid Tdy Ban Nha tiln hanh mot cdng trinh khd cdng phu vdi phuang phap Corpus (sd dung kho suu tap tai lieu, kho
du lieu) Ba dgc ky 55 ludn van khoa hgc
ve ngdnh ky thudt cdng trinh (Construction Engineering) ciia nhieu tdc gid viet bai cung mgt chd diem Ket qud cho thdy tan sudt su dung "I" hay "We" Id 10.3 tren
1000 til (khoang 1%) Tdn sudt ndy tuong
ddi cao so vdi cdc nghien cuu trudc chi dao dpng khoang td 6 din 7 tren 1000 td Thing ke d Bang I cho thay 20 dgng tu dugc su dung thdng dung nhdt sau dai td
"We"
Cd thi thdy ngay "We have" ,dugc dung nhiiu nhdt Dilu nay cd le khdng ngac nhien vi bdi vilt khoa hpc thudng khdng dung thi qud khu Tuy nhien, cdc dOng tu "can", "will", "go", cung dugc sd dung vdi tdn sudt kha cao Cdu hoi ke tiep
Id hg dung dai td "I" hay "We" lam chdc nang gi? Kit qud phan tich d bdng 2 cho thdy 10 chdc nang thong dung nhat cua
each su dung "I" hay "We" dh tdc gid phdt
biiu gid dinh nghien cdu, md td quy trinh nghien cuu vd djnh hudng ngudi dpc
Trang 4Bang I Tan sudt su dyng dai tu "I" hay "We"
Dgng tir
Have
Can
Will
Going
Think
Want
Need
See
Make
Find
Tin sudt
252
151
123
105
68
53
49
39
37
36
DQng
tu-Choose Analyzed Had Choose Analyze Explain Considered Decided Evaluated Compared
TSn suat
35
25
23
22
19
18
16
15
13
12
Bang 2 ChCrc nang phfl bien nhat cua each sit dyng "I" hay "We"
Chdc nang
Phat bieu muc tiSu
Viet ket ludn
De xudt kien nghj
Djnh hudng ngudi dgc
Mo td quy trinh nghien cuu
Phdt bieu gid dinh nghien cdu
Nhdn manh de thu hut ddc gia
Md ta ket qua nghien cdu
Phdt bi8u y kien ca nhdn
Cac chdc nang phu khac
Tdng cpng
Ty 1^ %
4.1 6.2 4.9 19.7 21.3
26.6 4.5 2.4 7.8 2.5
100
Vai vi du ve cdch viet ph6 bien nay:
We are going to describe the main problems
With this paper, we want to give you a recommendation how to
We suggest choosing
We refer to the accuracy
We studied the accuracy and currency of different methods
We are going to consider the advantages and disadvantages
We have analyzed the data subject to
We have created a comparative table
We will focus on the comparative table shown at the beginning of the paper Thus, We can conclude that
Co the ndi day la ket qua cua mpt
nghien cuu rdt thu vi, cung cdp cho chung
ta 3 bdi hpc kinh nghiem rdt biiu ich khi
viet bai khoa hoc Bai hpc thu nhdt, nen
dung the chu dpng de viet bai loai hinh nay
vilt theo the chu ddng trong trudng hgp can
thilt, bdt khd khdng nhu d bang 2; Thie ba,
kit qua nghien cuu cho thdy nen gid tan sudt "I" hay "We" dudi 1% la an todn - tdn sudt trung binh d mgt bai viet khoa hpc da
Trang 52 TIENG ANH ANH HUOTVG TRVC
TIEP DEN SO PHAN BAI VIET
Tdc gid bai bdo ndy se ldm cdng vi6c
cua "ngudi dpn vudn" hay "ngudi ddi san"
chi ra nhung loi tilng Anh thudng mdc phai
trong cdc bdi viet khoa hpc, dnh hudng den
"so phdn" cda mdt bdi vilt Ban se rat ddi
ngac nhien trudc nhdng thdng tin cung cdp
trong bai bao ndy md chac Id ban it nghT
den Dudi ddy la vai nhdn xet cua cac nha
binh duyet ddng cdp (Peer Reviewers):
Your English needs brusing up; Your
English grammar needs revision; Your
English needs considerable editing; The
quality of the language is far below the
acceptable minimum level, to such a point
that many sentences are simply not
understandable; The quality of the language
is far below the acceptable minimum level,
to such a point that many sentences are
simply not understandable; The manuscript
requires considerable editing, since many
passages are poorly written; The clarity of
your paper is shockingly poor Many times
this is due to grammatical errors (too many
to enumerate), but at many times the
wording is just too difficult to follow; The
paper cannot be published as it stands
Nhung Idi binh xet thing thdn trSn diu
lien quan din tilng Anh trong cdc bai viet
khoa hgc, hdu hit tu tdc gid la ngudi Chdu
A Thi thoang cdc chuyen gia binh duyet
kho tinh ciing nhdn dugc nhdng bdi cd chat
lugng, rdt tit, rdt hay v l y tudng nhung hg
ddnh phdi tu chii cong b l do co qua nhieu
loi, nhiiu sai sot Id hdng v l kiln thuc tilng
Anh din ndi bp ph^n bien tap khdng co thi
gid chinh sua Dilu dd dd quyet dinh sd
rapt bai bao khoa hgc viet tot (Well-written paper) thudng co xac suat dugc chdp nhdn dang tren cdc tap chi quoc te rdt ndi tieng cao hon bai viet sai tieng Anh Trong khoa hpc, hai tieu chudn vang (Two gold criteria) phai dap dng xuy6n suit trong mpt bdi bdo de dugc ddnh gid "Well written" Id tinh don gian (Simplicity) vd su trong sdng (Clarity) Bdi viet phdi tudn thd cdu true IMRAD (Introduction Method Result -Discussion) M§i phdn bao gom mpt so doan vdn (Paragraph) Mdt trong nhung khd khdn thudng gap Idc viet bdi khoa hgc
la each cdu trdc mgt doan vdn gom nhieu cdu (Sentences) sao cho de dgc vd trdi chdy
3 VIET RO RANG, DE HIEU, M^CH
L 4 C VA s u e TICH
De md rpng nhiing y tren, vi ban viet
de ngudi khac dpc nen ky vpng cda ngudi dgc mpt doan vdn Id nhan ra ngay y tudng cua tac gid vd thdng tin lam nen (Acting as
a foil) cho y tudng do dugc the hien ro rdng, de hieu, khue chiet Neu doan van co qud nhiiu y tudng hoac khong cd bang chdng hd trg cdc y tudng do thi mac nhien ngudi dpc cam thdy lan ldn, khd chiu va khdng mudn tiip tuc dgc Ndi khac di, mot doan van t i t hdm chua nhieu y tudng vd thong tin gdn kit nhau va ho trg cho y tudng cua ngudi viet de sao cho mgi ngudi diu bilt y d l cua tdc gia mudn ndi gi trong doan van do Vay, nhiem vu quan trong hdng dau cua ngudi viet bdi bdo khoa hgc
la phai vilt mach lac, an y vd chat che chuan xdc (Consecutive, coherent and water-tight) Xin ndi rd them, trong mgt bdi viet khoa hgc, mgt so y tudng va ludn diem
Trang 6tu nao? Vdi su can ddi nao? Bai vi8t phai
cd mpt hinh thdc hoac bd cue that rd rang,
khoa hpc, ddng thdi toat len mgt y thuc
nhdt quan (A sense of consistency) Vd,
mu6n cho ngudi dpc tin tudng thi phdi ldm
sao cho hg thdy dugc cdi sudn cua bai viet
16 ddn ra Diing mpt hinh thdc khdc, do Id
neu ngudi dgc thdy dugc con dudng ngudi
viSt dang di, hg se vui long lam ngudi ban
ddng hanh (A road companion) Ngay ca
moi khi vilt mdt bdi bao khoa hpc v6 mot
van de phdc tap, ngudi viet cung nen nhd
trdnh cau dai qud ddng (Excessive
wordiness) hay rudm rd (Redundancy)
Vi du: Khdng viet: Modem students of
today are more technologically
sophisticated than their parents (The
phrase 'of, today' repeats the thought
already expressed by the adj 'modem')
Nen viit: Modem students are more
technologically sophisticated than their
parents (Hgc sinh (thdi dai) ngay nay sanh
soi ve cong nghe hon cdc bac sinh thanh)
Khdng viit: There are (The Expletive
- 'there' used as a dummy subject) many
supervisors in the area who (Relative
pronoun) are planning to attend the
workshop that (Relative adjective) is
scheduled for Friday
Nen viit: Many supervisors in the area
plan to attend the workshop scheduled for
Friday (Nhieu giam sat vien ve ITnh vuc
nay du dinh tham du ldp tap hudn dugc sdp
xep vao thu sau)
Khdng viet: Codes are normally used
when it is known that the records are to be
processed by a computer, and controls are
normally used when it is known that the
tab installation (39 tu so vdi 21 tu d cdu nen vilt)
Nen viit: Use codes when you process
the codes on a computer, and use controls when you process them at a tab installation (Sd dung cdc ma sd khi ban xd ly cac ho so tren mdy tinh, vd sd dung cac nut dieu khien khi ndo ban xu ly chung d mdt thiet
bi bang)
Mdt vi du nua cho thdy dieu edm ky (A taboo thing) trong viet Idch khoa hgc, tuc la ngudi viet tu bien minh thanh 'a word monger' (ngudi thich viet hoac noi vdn hoa loanh quanh khdng quan tdm luu y tdi y nghTa):
Khdng nen viet: The payment to which
a subcontractor is entitled should be made promptly so that in the event of a subquent contractual dispute, we, as general contractors, many not be held in default of our contract by virtue of non-payment
Chi cdn viit: Pay subcontractors
promptly Then if a contractual dispute should occur, we cannot be held in default
of our contract because of nonpayment (Thanh todn ngay cho cac nha tbdu phu Sau do, neu cd xay ra tranh chdp ve hgp ddng thi chung ta khdng bi quy ket trdch nhiSm khong thanh toan theo hgp dong)
4 NHUNG LOI PHO BIEN
Cac nha nghien cuu y hgc da tien hanh mgt nghien cdu rdt thu vi de trd loi cdu hoi
"Trong thuc te, cdc bdi viet khoa hgc trong sang va dem gidn d6n mdc ndo?" Hg chpn ngau nhien 120 bdi viet, rdi tinh tdn suat 6 Idi tilng Anh dugc chia lam 3 nhom
4.1 Nhom I6i ngu phap
Co 2 loai Idi v6 cdch dung ^ihe chu
Trang 7each dung 'thi' (Tense) Vl "Thi" cd vdi
quy udc sau day: N I U ndi din cdc nghien
cdu tmdc do, dung thi qua khd (Past
Simple) Vl du: Those new findings were
known at the tum of the 20* century (ddu
the ky 20); Neu noi den mgt khdi niem mdi,
dung thi hien tai hoan thdnh (Present
Perfect) Vi du: Some research has proved
that the theory still holds water (van cdn
gid tri); Neu dien gidi dd lieu, dung thi hien
tai don (Present Simple) Vi du: Figure 3
shows that
4.2 Nhom loi cau true
Co 2 loai chinh; cau dai ddng (Lengthy
Sentence) va thu tu cdu td (Word Order: su
sdp x6p td ve cd phdp trong mot cau, menh
de, cum td) Trong bai viet khoa hpc, dilu
toi ky Id cdu ddi le the, vi rat khd dgc hiiu
va lam luc lam ngudi dpc lac hudng Do
do, ngudi viet nen tdch ra nhieu cdu ngdn
dl hieu hon Vi du: The soluble fi-om of B2
micro-globulin (B2m) HLA class 1 heavy
chain (FHC) consists of three-size variants,
namely the intact liquid soluble 43 dDa
heavy chain (A variant), released through a
shedding process; the truncated water
soluble 39 dDa heavy chain B (B variant),
which lacks the trans-membrane segment
and is produced by an alternative RNA
splicing and the 34-36 dDa (C variant),
which lacks the trans-membrane and
intratoplasmatic portion of the molecules
Dang le nen tach lam 3 cdu Word Order
cung dong vai trd lam bdi viet don gian
hon, chdng sai v l ngu phdp, tu ngd nhung
CO vdn d l v l thd tu td Vi du: 'His new
project has been on the table for some time
and is concluded that, to some extent,
impractical' Nhe ra nen tdch thanh 2 cdu
nhu sau: 'His new project has been on the table for some time now, and to some extent, it is concluded as impractical' 4.3 Nh6m loi each dung
tii-Cd 2 loai chinh
4.3.1 Biet ngir (Jargon) hoac thudt ngd ddc
biet cho mot so ITnh vuc nghien cuu hoac boat dgng cua con ngudi Chdng han, mdt bde sT cd the dugc ngudi dgc thong edm khi dng ta noi vol mdt bde sT khdc dieu ma ngudi Anh binh thudng ggi la 'Two black eyes' (hai con mdt den, tdc la bj danh tham tim ca 2 mdt) bang mgt cau dai: "bilateral periorbital haematoma and left subjunctival haemorrhage" (huyet tu hai ben vanh mat
vd chdy mdu dudi mi mat trai)
4.3.2 L^m d^ng tu- (Ovemse of Words)
Nhieu ngudi mdi v6 ve hgc tieng Anh lai CO thoi quen "sinh" dung tu g6c Latin vd
Hy Lap hay nhdng td mang tinh "Pedantry" (dS khoe khoang kien thdc, su thong thdi rdm cua minh), nhung each viet nhu the dugc coi la dieu nen tranh trong cdc bdi viet khoa hgc Cd the thudng thay cac cau nhu:
"We deem it necessary to make our feelings knovm" Thay vi viet d l hieu: "We think it necessary to express our opinions clearly " bode cdu "The guinea- pigs were sacrified in the nuclear power program" dugc viet lai: "The guinea-pigs were killed "
Chi cdn dpc 2 cdu sau cung da thdy su lam dung td de keo ddi cau, tdc la keo ddi bai vilt nhu: "A recovery was achieved in a quick way ", tac gid chi don gidn nen viet
"A quick recovery" Id du
Mgt nghien cdu khac cho biet ngudi ta lay bai viet cua tac gid den tu 2 nude ndi
Trang 8Anh khdng phdi qude ngd (Due, Phdp,
Nhat, Thuy Diln, Y, Tdy Ban Nha) Nhung
bdi cua nhdm tac gia ndi tieng Anh lam
nhom ddi chdng dS so sdnh tdn suat I6i
tieng Anh cua cdc tdc gid khong ndi tieng
Anh Ket qua thdng ke 6 loi tieng Anh tren
dugc tdm luge d bdng 3 dudi ddy Diem
thdy rd nhat trong nghien cdu nay Id tdt cd
tdc gid du tieng Anh la ti6ng me de hay
khdng deu mac phdi nhieu Idi trong moi bai
viet khoa hgc Tinh trung binh, so loi cua
tac gid ngudi Anh la 22 va My la 23 Dd la
con so kha ldn so vdi m l i bai bdo khoa hgc chi tmng binh cd 2.000 din 3.000 tu DT nhien, cac tdc gid 6 nude ndi tren pham nhieu Idi hon Sd Idi trung binh cua mdi bdi bao cao nhdt roi vao tdc gia ngudi Y (49), tiip din Phdp (43), Ddc (41), Tdy Ban Nha (38), Nhdt (37), vd Thuy Diln (35) Mpt dieu thu vi td ket qua nghien cuu ndy la phdn ldn Idi tieng Anh tap trung vao nhom chpn tu (Wordage) vd ngd phap; rat it loi
ve cau true hay thd tu td
Bang 3 Phan nhom loi tieng Anh
Anh
My
Thuy Dien
Nhjt
D i e
Phap
Tay Ban
Nha
Y
NGCPHAP
VcThe
(Form)
8.3
4.4
5.0
3.9
7.3
7.9
7.9
7.0
Ve Thi (Tense)
2.4 2.1 8.1 6.0 6.7 6.0 8.8 13.9
CAU TRtJC Cau van dai 1.7 2.3
1.1
2.7 5.5 5.6 2.7 2.2
Thu- ty tir 2.0 0.6 2.7 2.6 3.8 5.4 2.6 4.3
CHON T i / Bi^t ngir 4.0 6.4 9.7 11.7
10.7 14.6
10.1
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Customary practices
NSn vi^t l^i Descended Finished Perfect Clear Enclosed
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TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Kim, S.-M and E Hovy (2004), Determining the sentiment of opinions, in Proceedings
of the 20th international conference on Computational Linguistics, Association for
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Trang 102 Jindal, N and B Liu (2006), Identifying comparative sentences in text documents, in
Proceedings of the 29th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval, ACM
3 Esuli, A and F Sebastian! (2006), Sentiwordnet: A publicly available lexical resource for opinion mining, in Proceedings of LREC, Citeseer
4 Jindal, N and B Liu (2006), Mining comparative sentences and relations, in AAAI
5 Ganapathibhotia, M and B Liu (2008), Mining opinions in comparative sentences, in
Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics-Volume 1
2008, Association for Computational Linguistics
6 Lee, D., O.-R Jeong, and S.-g Lee (2008), Opinion mining of customer feedback data
on the web, in Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Ubiquitous information
management and communication ACM
7 Harb, A., et al (2008), Web Opinion Mining: How to extract opinions from blogs?, in
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Soft computing as transdisciplinary science and technology ACM
8 Balahur, A., et al (2009), Opinion mining on newspaper quotations, in Web
Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technologies, 2009, WI-IAT'09, lEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conferences on, lET
9 Kieu, B.T and S.B Pham (2010), Sentiment analysis for Vietnamese, in Knowledge and
Systems Engineering (KSE), 2010 Second International Conference on, IEEE
10 Baccianella, S., A Esuli, and F Sebastiani (2010), SentiWordNet 3.0: An Enhanced Lexical Resource for Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining, in LREC
11 Kouloumpis, E., T Wilson, and J.D Moore (2011), Twitter sentiment analysis: The good the bad and the omg\, Icwsm
12 Baumgarten, M., et al (2013), Keyword-Based Sentiment Mining using Twitter,
International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence
13 Kwon, A and K.-S Lee (2013), Opinion bias detection based on social opinions for Twitter, JoiuTial of Information Processing Systems
14 Nam Nguyen, H., et al (2014), Domain Specific Sentiment Dictionary for Opinion Mining of Vietnamese Text, in Multi-disciplinary Trends in Artificial Intelligence: 8th
International Workshop, MIWAI 2014, Bangalore, India, December 8-10, 2014 Proceedings, M.N Murty, et al., Editors 2014, Springer International Publishing: Cham
15 Thakkar, H and D Patel (2015), Approaches for Sentiment Analysis on Twitter: A State-of-Artstudy, arXiv preprint arXiv:1512.01043
Ngdy nhan bai: 27/02/2017 Ngay bien tap xong: 8/8/2017 Duyet ddng: 20/8/2017