TAPCHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC DONG NAI, S6 04 2017 ISSN 2354 1482 MQT SO VAN DE HQC THU^T CAN LlTU ^ TRONG GlAo TRINH DIA LY T{f NHIEND4I ClfONG 3 ThS Nguyin Vdn Tkugt'''' TOM TAT Gido tiinh "Dia ly Tu nhiin d[.]
Trang 1MQT SO VAN DE HQC THU^T CAN LlTU ^
TRONG G l A o TRINH DIA LY T{f NHIEND4I ClfONG 3
ThS Nguyin Vdn Tkugt' TOM TAT
Gido tiinh "Dia ly Tu nhiin dgi cuang 3 " dugc viit trin tinh thdn ddi m&i Ngodi kiin thicc ly thuyet, cdc bdi thyc hdnh con giup sinh vien cung co kiin thuc Ben cgnh nhiiu uu diim, chuang 2 cua gido tiinh cd mgt sd sai sdt Bdi viet xin chi
ra nhicng vdn di hgc thudt cdn luu y tiong gido tiinh dgc biet Id chuang phdn logi dgng vdt
Tw kkoa: Dia ly Ty nhiin dgi cuang lodi, hi thdng phdn lodi
1 Dat \kn d^
xudt ban Dgi hpc Su phara phat hanh
nam 2003 la giao trinh dugc bifin soan
theo yeu cdu cua Du dn Dao tao giao
vien Trung hgc co sd Gido trinh dugc
vifit tten tinh thdn ddi radi; ngodi kifin
thdc ly thuyfit, cac bdi thuc hanh khdng
chi giup smh vifin cdng cd kifin thdc md
cdn giup sinh vifin nam dugc k^ nang
phan tich, xd ly cac sd lieu Han nua,
nfii dung kifin thdc dugc vifit rdt md
rdng cd thfi dung ldm tai lieu tham khdo
cho sinh vien Dia Iy d cdc tiirdng dgi
hgc Ben cgnh nMfiu uu difim, gido ttinh
cdn mgt sd sai sdt Cu thd nhu sau:
2 Ve thu|t ngir Trang 71, ddng II, td dudi ldn,
tdc gia viet: "Mdi tru&ng song cua sinh vdt Pong sinh quyin bao gdm: moi trw&ng can (Ma quyin), moi tru&ng khi
(khi quyin) vd mdi tru&ng nu&c (thuy quyen)"[l]
Vfi mat cdu tnic thdng ddng, Trdi ddt dupc cdu tao bang nhiing Idp ddng tdm, phdn each nhau ro rang, thay thfi nhau lifin tuc tinh tu nhan Trdi ddt di ra, cho dfin tang kM quyfin ngodi Dd Id mdt net rat dgc sac vd la mgt dac difim vd ciing quan frgng cua ty nMen Trai ddt Cac ldp ddng tdm ndy phan biet vdi nhau cd the bang thdnh phdn vat chat, bdi tinh chdt hay ttang thdi vdt ly dac bifit
Cd nhifiu ldp ddng tam nhu vdy, tuy nhifin cd thfi phdn ra ttong dd mdt sd Idp chinh, quan trgng nhdt Nhftng ldp chinh nay bao gdm ttong nd nhttng ldp phy, nhu Id nhttng Idp thdnh phan, nhung bd phgn, nhung tdng cdu tiiic thang ddng cua nd Nhftng Idp chinh do ggi Id cdc dia quyfin
Trang 2Khai nigra dia quyen la mgt tft gdm
2 tifing: "dia" tiic la Trai dat, thudc ve
Trdi ddt, chu khdng phai la dia chdt
(nhu cac tii dia khdi, dia mdng ) hogc
dia ly (nhu cac td dia tdng the, dia
he ) Cdn "quyfin" tiic la hinh cdu,
nhttng Idp ttdn ddng tam ttong hinh
cau Nhu vdy, vfi mat cdu tnic thang
dung, Trai dat dugc cau tgo bdng nhung
ldp ddng tdm, khac nhau ve thanh phdn
vat chat, vfi cdu tnic, ve tinh chat vd
trgng thdi vdt ly Nhiing ldp do dugc ggi
Id cdc dia quyfin Trfin Trdi ddt bao gdm
nhftng dia quyfin chinh sau: thach
quyfin, khi quyfin, thuy quyfin, sinh vdt
quyfin va quyen thd nhuong Nam dia
quyfin chinh nay cung la ndm thdnh
phan ty nhien chu yfiu ciia Trai dat: da,
khi, nudc, sinh vat va dat
Do dd, dia quyen khdng phai la
mdi trudng cgn nhu tac gid da vifit
3 V^ chuySn mdn
Trang 86, ddng 1, tir trfin xuong,
tdc gia viet:" cdc lodi than mim vd
ckdn bung " [1]
Tac gia da ldn I$n gifta ngdnh vd
ldp Chdn byng chinh la than mera Than
mem la nganh ddng vdt khdng xuong
song, la nganh ldn thd 2 ttong gidi dgng
vdt, gdm 80.000 loai dang sdng vd
35.000 loai hda thgch Trong nganh
ngudi ta chia tiianh nhung Idp sau:
+ Song kinh: vd cd 8 mdnh
+ Rang bifin: Sdng ttong cdt bun, vd
hinh dng cd Id d 2 ddu
+ Chdn bung: cd vd xoan dc hogc khdng cd vd, ca thfi khdng ddi xdng nhu dc sen, dc van, dc nhdi
+ Chan riu: cd 2 manh vd dinh nhau bang bdn 16 d mep lung va md ra
d mep byng nhu hdu, ngao, sd, difip, trai, hfin, vera
+ Chdn ddu: gdm nhftng ddng vgt
dn thit, cd nao to, hai mat to: myc, bgch tudc
Nhu vay, ttong nganh Nhuyen thfi
cd ldp Chan bung
Cung trang 86, ddng I, tir tren xuong, tdc gia vi^t: "Dgng vgt song & nai dm u&t thu&ng cd l&p da tian,
bong, dm, de thdm nu&c nhu ick nkdi, sin, Iw&ng cw, giun ddt " [I]
Trong tmdng hgp nay tac gia cung iln ldn vfi phan logi Luong cu la mdt ldp ddng vat cd xuong sdng, ldp Ludng
cu bao gdm nhiing ddng vdt nhu fich, nhai, ngoe, chdu, cdc cd ddi sdng vda
d nudc, vua d cgn Nhu vgy, fich nhai chinh la ludng cu; ech, nhai la cac lodi ddng vdt cd xuong sdng nam ttong ldp ddng v^t luong cu
Trang 117, ddng 14, t d tren
xu^ng, tdc gia vilt: "Trong rieng co
nhieu con triing, sau bg nkw nken, bg cgp, kiin mdi, mudi, vdt " [1]
Cach vifit cua tdc gid cdn Iam ngudi
ta nghi rang cdn triing va sdu bg la 2 ldp khdc nhau Thyc ra, cdn trung cMnh la sdu bp Cdn tning Id radt td Han - Viet cdn sdu bg Id mdt tii thuan Viet Dieu dang ndi, nhfin va bg cgp khdng phai la
Trang 3' Nhfin va bd cgp ndm frong ldp Hinh
^ nhfin thudc ngdnh Tifit tiic (chan ddt)
Trong ngdnh nay cd khodng 1 frifiu loai,
^ sdng d nMfiu mdi hirdng va an du logi
^ thdc an Chft "chan ddt" Id dfi chi cac
I phdn phu thdnh tiing ddi cd khdp ndi,
dung lara chdn bd, cdc bd phdn cua
i mifing, cua co quan sinh due ca thfi
^ cung phan ddt vd dugc bgc ttong radt
ldp vd cdng bang cutiura, gdm mgt ldp
J sap khdng thdm nudc, den mdt ldp cung
va frong cung la Idp rafim deo bang
a kitin Ixrp vd nay chdng mat nudc,
chdng ke dich va la chd dya cho cac md
' mfim, nhung radi lan Idn Ifin la mdt ldn
i phdi lot vd va phat tiifin ragt vd khdc
ldn ban theo chu ky sinh tmdng
a Sinh vat thudc nganh Tiet tiic, than
J cd 3 vung: vung dau cd 6 ddt, viing
nguc vd viing bung cd mdt sd thay ddi
tuy lodi vd sd dot nay Id cd dinh d mdi
loai (khac vdi giun ddt) Bgn chan ddt
cd kha nhifiu co quan cdm gidc: mat
1 phuc tap (nhu mat kep d cdn triing), cac
; CO quan ang-ten (rau), co quan thinh
giac vd cac tfi bao cam giac tren bfi mat
I CO the, gdm cd cac ldp sau:
+ Tam difip tning
I Sdng d bifin, dai da sd Id hda thgch
tiiudc dgi Cd sinh Co thd theo chieu
dgc chia la 3 thuy nfin ggi Id bg ba thuy
+ Chan mdi
Sdng fren can, radi ddt cd mdt ddi
chdn, khoang 30 chdn Da sd an cdn
triing, rapt sd an ca rdn, chupt, ech,
nhdi Con dien Mnh la rit
Cd ddt kep, mdi ddt cd 2 ddi chdn
Bd chdm, sdng dao bdi va an thyc vgt Con difin hinh Id cudn chifiu + Gidp xac
Cd hai ddi rau, thudng cd mdt kep Chung dn thit, an sirtii vdt phu du vd cac chat ban O dgi duong co hang ti giap xdc nhd la thdc an cua cd
+ Nhfin
Cd thfi cd 4 ddi chan Da sd sdng fren can Dgi da sd an cdn triing vd cac loai chdn ddt nhd khdc Bao gom nhen,
bd cap Nhen cd 4 ddi mdt vd thudng
la mdt don
+ Cdn tning Ddng ddo nhdt, phdt ttien nhdt vd
da dang nhdt Chu yfiu sdng tten can Dau cd 6 ddt phan biet ro vdi ngyc cd 3 ddt cung phdn bifit ro vdi ngyc cd 11 dot Nguc cd 3 ddi chan d 3 dot va thudng thera 2 ddi canh Bung khdng cd phan phy ndo Cdn triing cd nhifiu logi
CO quan cam giac: mdt don, mat kep, co quan cam thu am thanh
Mdt sd cdn triing cd sy bifin thai ttong vdng ddi cda minh; triing nd ra sau (budm) hoac ddi (mdi) rdi hda thanh nhdng (khdng an udng va bdt ddng) Td nhdng phdt trien thdnh con trudng thdnh Au tning (sau, ddi) va con tmdng tiianh (budm, muoi ) khdng chi khac hoan todn ve be ngoai ma cdn khac ca phuong thuc sdng: sau an Id cay, budm hut nhyy hoa, lang quang an tao, nguyfin sinh ddng vat cdn mudi thi hut mau dOng vat vd ngudi
Trang 4Mpt sd cdn triing cd ddi sdng xa hdi
rdt phdc tgp nhu ong, kien, mdi Cac
qudn thfi cua chiing khdng phdi chi Id
cac ca thfi rieng re ma la tap doan hay
xa hdi cd td chdc va phan cdng rat chat
chS nhu mdi sinh sdn, mdi lmh, mdi
thg, ong chda, ong dye, ong thg
Trang 155, ddng 8, tCr dirdi len,
tac gia vilt: "Cd xudt hien vdo ky silua,
dgng vgt biin phong phu thong tii cdc
lodi chen co, cdc lodi chdn dau, muc,
bg ba thiiy " [1]
Ciing nhu nhftng tmdng hop frfin,
tac gid da Idn Ifin giua loai va ldp Chdn
ddu khdng phdi Id loai raa chan dau Id
ldp ddng vdt tifin hda nhdt cua nganh
Than mfim Hon nfta, muc chinh la chan
ddu Trong ldp Chan ddu gdm nhiing
ddng vdt an thit rdt boat dpng, cd nao
to, 2 mdt to nhu myc, bach tugc
Bp ba thuy cung khdng phdi la lodi
nhu tdc gia da viet Bp ba thuy la Idp
ddng vdt cd, thudc ngdnh Chan khdp,
sdng d bifin vao dai Co sinh
Trang 117, ddng 14, tir trfin
xuong, tdc gia viet: "Trong rirng cd
nhieu con tiling, sdu bg nkw nken, bg
cgp, kien moi, mudi, vdt " [I]
Vdt cd hg hdng vdi cac lodi dia, nhung khdc vdi cdc lodi dia chuyen sdng dudi nudc, bgn vat sdng fren can
vd thudng cd mat d noi dat dm thap, day Id ryng nhu cdc ldi ddn vao nhftng khu riing Vdt thudc ngdnh Giun ddt (Armelida) vdi dgc tnmg co ban nhat Id
td chdc CO the da xuat hien xoang co thfi chinh thuc, co thfi cd phdn ddt, hd hdp bang mang
Vifit nhu tac gia hda ra vdt cung la sdu bg (?)
Trang 143, ddng 9, tu* trfin xu^ng,
tac gia viet: "Cd nhiiu nhdm dgng vgt dja phuang: Ve bg link tiw&ng cd hdc
tinh tinh " [\]
Theo tdi, phai viet la Linh chudng mdi dung
4 Kit luan
Trfin day Id nhiing y kien, nhdn dinh rifing cua tdi vfi mdt sd bai frong
chuong 2 cua Gido ttinh Dia ly Ty nhien dgi cuang 3 Hy vpng cac tac gid
quan tam chinh sda nhung hgn che cdn tdn tai ttong lan tai ban tiep theo, giiip gido trinh hoan thien hon Vdi sinh vifin, ngudi hpc khi su dung giao trinh nay cdng can Iuu y dfi ttdnh mdt sd sai sdt khdng dang cd
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Nguyen Kim Chuang (chu bien) (2003), Dia ly Tu nhien dgi cuang 3, Nha
xudt ban Dgi hgc Su pham
2 UNESCO (1997), Su dung vd bdo vi tdi nguyin thien nhiin (bdn tiing Viet),
Nha xudt ban Khoa hgc Ky thudt, Hd Ngi
Trang 5SOME SCIENCE NOTES ABOUT THE COURSEBOOK OF
INTRODUCTION TO NA TURAL GEOGRAPHY 3
ABSTRACT
The Coursebook "Natural Geography 3" was compiled in the spirit of innovation Apart from the knowledge provided by the theory, the practical lessons are designed to consolidate the theoretical knowledge Beside many advantages, lots
of errors can be found in chapter 2 This article had pointed out these errors in the coursebook, especially those found in the chapter of animals classification Keywords: Natural Geography, species, subspecies system