TAP CHI KHOA HOC SO 9 * 2015 29 V̂ iN DUNG TINH HUONG CO VAN BE TRONG DAY HOC MON TAM LY HOC GIAODUC HOC Bill Huu M6* Tdm tat Bdn chdt eita tinh hudng cd vdn de trong dgy hoc Id gido viin dica hoc sin[.]
Trang 1V^iN DUNG TINH HUONG CO VAN BE TRONG DAY HOC
M O N TAM LY HOC - GIAODUC HOC
Bill Huu M6* Tdm tat
Bdn chdt eita tinh hudng cd vdn de trong dgy hoc Id gido viin dica hoc sinh vdo tinh hudng cd vdn di vd md ra cho cdc em nhimg eon dudng gidi cpiyit tinh hudng do Trong chirang trinh dao tgo ciia cdc trudng sir phgm, Tdm li hge, Gido dijc hgc Id nhimg bg mdn mang tinh nghiip vu dgc trimg cd vai trd dgc biet trong vi?c dao tao gido vien Bdi viet cung cap mgt cdch nhin tdng quan vi tinh hudng cd vdn de trong dgy hgc vd van dung tinh huong cd vdn de trong dgy hgc mdn Tdm U hge - Gido due hgc de gdp phdn ndng cao chdt hrgng vd hiiu qua viec dao tgo dgi ngS gido vien tieong lai
TIT khoa: tinh hudng ed vdn di, tdm ly hgc, gido due hgc
Trong d^y hgc giao vien xay dung duge
tinh hudng ed vdn de, dua hge sinh vao tinh
hudng ed van de va hudng din hgc sinh
giai quyet tinh hudng ed y nghTa quan
trgng Nd tao nen nang lire giai quyet van
de d ngudi hgc, nang lue nay ed vi tri hang
diu dl eon ngudi thich irng vdi su phat
trien cua xa hdi va la chia khoa ciia su
thanh cdng Xay dung tinh hudng cd vin de
trong day hge khdng nhirng giiip eae em
khdng nhung nam vung tri thirc ma cdn lam
eho gid hgc sdi dgng, humg thu, hap dan
Day hgc giai quyet van de la day hgc theo
hudng tich cue hda hoat ddng nhin thirc
cua ngudi hgc Day la phucmg phap day
hgc duge su dung nhilu trong thdi dai ngay
nay
1 Tinh huong cd van de
Tinh hudng cd van dl trong day hgc la
trang thdi tam li dae biet eiia hge sinh khi
hg gap miu thuin khaeh quan cua bai toan
nhan thiic giira eai da biet va cai phai tim
tu hg chap nhan va cd nhu eiu, cd kha nang
giai quyet mau thuan dd bang tim tdi, sang
tao, kit qua hg nam duge ca kien thiic va
phuong phap
Tinh hudng cd van de ehi xuit hien va tdn tai trong y thiie hge sinh chirng nao dang dien ra sir ehuyen hda eiia miu thuin khaeh quan ben ngoai eiia bai toan nhin thiie thanh miu thuin chii quan ben trong cua hge sinh Yeu td chu ylu ciia tinh hudng ed van de la dieu ehua biet, la dieu phai duge kham pha ra dl hoan thanh diing nhiem vu dat ra Dieu ehua biet trong tinh hudng ed vin dl luon duge dae trung bdi
su khai quat hda d mire do nhit dinh, tuy nhien, dieu ehua biet dd khdng duge khd qua hoac de qua ddi vdi hgc sinh Nhu vay, cd the neu ra ba yeu td sau day eua mdt tinh hudng cd van dl, dd cung la
ba dieu kien eiia mdt tinh hudng cd van de trong day hgc:
- Cd mlu thuan nhan thiire, ed di8u ehua biet can tim
- Gay ra nliu eau mudn biet kien tliite mdi
- Phil hgp vdi kha nang nhan thiic ciia hgc sinh
2 Cae loai tinh huong cd van de Theo V Okdn [5], tinh hudng cd vin de duge chia ra nhieu loai:
- Tmh huong nghich li: Dd la tinh
hudng van de mdi thoat nhin dudng nhu vd
li, khdng phii hgp vdi quy luat, li thuylt da
Trang 2Cae nha khoa hge da eo nhung phat
minh Idn ehinh la nhd bat gap nhung su
kiSn, hien tugng khoa hge trai vdi li thuyet,
qui luat duong thdi, nhd giai quylt nhirng
nghich li dd ma tao n6n nhung li thuyet
mdi bao quat hon
Ddi vdi hge sinh tinh hulng nghich li
duge tao ra bang each gidi thieu nhihig su
kien, hien tugng trai vdi quan diem thdng
thudng, vdi kinh nghiem ca nhan cua hgc
sinh Caeh giai quyet d day la phan tieh cho
sai, chd chua chinh xac trong each hieu van
de tir do tim ra each hieu phii hgp vdi khoa
hgc
Vl dy: Ban ve anh hudng cua mdi
trudng - hoan canh den sir phat trien nhin
each, cd quan diem cho rang "Gdn muc thi
den, gdn den thi rgng", nhung lai cd quan
niem "Gdn bun md chdng hdi tanh miti
biin" Vay miie dd anh hudng eiia mdi
trudng den sir phat trien nhan each nhu the
nao hoae mdt ngudi ed the vira la minh,
vira la ngudi khae duge khdng?
- Tinh hudng lua chgn: Dd la tinh hudng
xuat hien khi dung trude mot lira ehgn giiia
hai hay nhilu phuang an giai quylt
Phuong an nao cung cd li do rieng ciia nd
nhung ddng thdi eung chiia dung nhugc
diem eo ban ciia nd, song ehi duge lira
ehgn mgt phuong an duy nhit ma ban thin
eho li hgp li nhat, diing nhit tren ca sd
phin tieh cae phuong an dua ra Diy ehinh
la "test" tra Idi lira chgn
Vi du: Khi giang bai "Tri giac" giang
vien cho sinh vien lua chgn dl tra Idi ciu
hdi: Ciu nao dudi day ehiia dung ban chit
ndi bat eiia tri giae
- Ngudn khdi diu eiia mgi su hilu bilt
ve the gidi xung quanh
- Sir phan anh eae thugc tinh rieng le ciia
su vat, hien tugng
- Sir phan anh eae qui luat cua tu nhien
- Su phan anh trgn ven eae thuge tinh eiia sir vat, hien tugng trong thi gidi khaeh quan
Tinh huong bac bd: Dd la tinh hudng
ed van de phai bae bd mdt ket luan, mgt luan de sai lam De lam duge dieu dd hgc sinh phai tim ra diem yeu ciia ket luan, luan
de va chirng minh tinh chit sai lam eiia nd
Vi du: Ngudi ta eho rang "Gido due Id vgn ndng", hge sinh phai dua ra diem ehua
diing eua luan dl nay va chiing minh nd
- Tinh huong tai sao: La tinh hudng phi
bien trong day hge Dd la tinh huong cd vin
de khi ngudi ta gap phai nhihig hien tugng, sir kien ma con ngudi chua du tri thiie dl giai quyet hien tugng do, va eon ngudi luon thdt ra cau hdi "tai sao"
Vi du: Khi chua hgc bai cim giac, tri giac, tu duy, tinh cam Sinh vi8n khdng tri Idi duge eae eiu hdi:
- Tai sao khi ehim bai giao vien lai diing mue dd? (Bai tri giae)
- Tai sao de chet dudi (Bai tri giac - quy luat vl ude lugng khoang each)
- Tai sao tu duy trim tugng chi cd d con ngudi? (Bai tu duy)
Tai sao giao vien hay ggi nhiing hgc sinh nhut nhat len bang? (Bai khi chit)
3 Qua trinh dat van de va each giai quyet van de
3.1 Qua trinh dat van de trong day hgc Qua trinh dat vin de hgc tap la qua trinh giao vien dua ra nhiem vu nhin thiic, dua
ra dieu phai nghi6n eiiu de hgc sinh nhin thu"e va giai quyet, qua trinh dat van de duge chia lam cae giai doan:
- Phan tieh tinh hudng cd vin dl
- Nhan thiic duge van dl dua ra
- Y thiic duge khd khan ciia vin de
- Bieu dat bang Idi ve van dl 3.2 Nhirng each thirc tao tinh huong cd van de
De tao nen tinh huong ed vin de trong
Trang 3- Thii nhat, dat eau hdi tai sao cho hge
sinh khi gap nhtmg su kien, hien tugng ddi
hdi phai giai thieh ve mat li luan
Thii hai, de cho hge sinh phan tich
nhiing sy kien, hien tugng, lam cho hg gap
phai mau thuin giiia bilu tugng ddi sdng
va khai niem khoa hgc ve nhuiig su kien dd
- Tao ra tinh hudng cd vin de b5ng caeh
de ra gia thuyet va td chiie nghien eiiu
- Kich thich hge sinh khai quat sa bd
nhung su kien mdi dl tao nen tinh hudng
cd van de
- Tao ra tinh hudng cd van dl bang each
de ra cho hgc sinh bai tap ed tinh ehat
nghien eiiu
3.3 Caeh giai quyet van de
Qua trinh giai quyet van de duge chia
thanh nhirng giai doan ehuyen biet va thue
hien eae bude eiia hoat dgng hge:
- Su xuit hien ciia vin de la kich thieh
diu tien thue day ehii the giai quyet van de
- Chii the nhin thiic siu sae va ehap
nhan van de giai quyet
- Tim kiem Idi giai cho van de da duge
chip nhan giai quyet, li giai, ehiing minh va
kiem tra vin de dd
- Tim duge kit qua eudi eiing va danh
gia toan dien ket qua tim duge
Dudi su td ehiic hudng dan, dieu khien
cua giao vien, hge sinh thue hien cac hanh
dgng hgc de giai quyet van de dua ra:
Bude 1: Giao vi6n dua ra cho hge sinh
van de, thudng la tinh hudng cd van de va
yeu eau giai dap
Cd 2 miic do: Giao vien true tilp ehi ra
van de hoac de hgc sinh sau khi tim kiem
da tu phat hiSn ra vin dl, d miic dd nay
chung ta danh gia kha nang eua hge sinh de
dinh hudng giiip dd
Bude 2: Hudng dan hgc sinh tim kiem
chien luge giai quyet vin de
Bude 3: Theo doi va giiip dd ggi y cho
Bude 4: Kiem tra su hge tip eua hgc sinh bang each yeu ciu hge sinh trinh bay diy du viec giai quylt vin de, hge sinh phat bieu y kiln va di den ket luan
Chang han khi day bai "Gido due vd sy phdt trien nhdn each", giang vien dua ra va
phan tich tinh hudng cd van de: Ndi vl vai trd ciia mdi trudng ddi vdi su hinh thanh va phat trien nhan each dng cha ta da dua ra hai quan diem trai nguge nhau: quan dilm
thii nhat cho rang "Gdn muc thi den, gdn den thi rang" (tue ngu-); quan diem thii hai lai cho rang "Gdn bun md chdng hdi tanh mui bun " Ban ed nhan xet gi va ddng y vdi
quan diem nao trong hai quan diem tren? Tai sao? Tir dd, ehi ro vai trd cda mdi trudng doi vdi su hinh thanh va phat trien nhan each Cac ciu hdi vira neu ra sinh vien
da suy nghT va tranh luan rit sdi ndi Sinh vien luong lu khdng biet ehgn quan dilm nao Vi thiy quan diem nao ciing cd eai dung eiia nd
Giang vien hudng din hge sinh tim kiem chien luge giai quyet vin de: "Mue" va
"Biin" mudn ndi den mdi trudng xau (tieu cue), "Den" tugng trung cho mdi trudng tdt (tich cue) Cd trudng hgp sdng trong moi trudng nhu the nao thi se anh hudng den eon ngudi nhu the ay Tuy nhien, khdng phai trudng hgp nao eung nhu vay Mdi trudng ed vai trd rit quan trgng trong sir hinh thanh va phat trien nhan each nhung
cau tue ngii "Gdn muc thi den, gdn den thi rgng" chua tinh den yeu td nao?
Giang vien theo doi va giiip da ggi y eho hgc sinh giai quylt: con ngudi la chu the cd
y thiie, khdng phai la vat vd tri, vd giae
Vay ciu tue ngir "Gdn muc thi den, gdn den thi rgng" da tinh din lip trudng, quan
diem, nang luc ciia ca nhin ehua? Cudi eiing hgc sinh phat bieu y kien va di den ket luan: Mdi trudng ed vai trd rit quan
Trang 4each nhung tinh chat va mire do anh hudng
eija mdi trudng eon tuy thugc vao lap
trudng, quan diem, nang lire eiia mdi ca
nhan? Cin chii y din tinh hai mat trong su
tae ddng qua lai giira nhan each va mdi
trudng Quan diem trong cau tue ngir "Gdn
muc thi den, gdn den thi rgng" da ehiing
minh mdi trudng nhu the nao thi se anh
hudng din eon ngudi nhu thi iy Quan
dilm trong eiu tue ngir "Gdn biin md chdng
hdi tanh mui biin" da chirng minh mat thir
hai trong sir tie ddng qua lai giira nhan
each va mdi trudng Con ngudi biet vugt
i6n hoan canh va cd the cai tao hoan canh
4 V^n dung tinh huong cd van de trong
day hoc mon Tam li hgc - Giao due hoc
Tim li hgc - Giao due hge la nhung bd
mdn mang tinh nghiep vu dae trung ed vai
trd die biet trong viec dao tao giao vien
Tim hieu thue tien day hgc cae bg mdn nay
trong cae trudng su pham hien nay cho thay:
- Ndi dung mdn hgc nang ve li thuyet,
khd khan, thi6u lien he thue tiSn xa hgi lam
cho ngudi hge khd khan trong viec tiep
nhan bai hge
- Phuong phap day hgc cdn thien ve
truyen thu mgt chieu, ngudi hgc thu ddng
tilp nhan, do dd khdng tao duge hiing thii ddi vdi mdn hgc Trong khi eae mdn Tam li hge - Giao due hgc lai la nhiing mdn cung cip nhiing tri thiic cdng cu khdng thi thilu duge ddi vdi nghe day hge Mdt trong nhitng nhiem vu quan trgng ciia trudng su pham la phai trang bi cho sinh vien nhirng hieu biet ve Tam li hge - Giao due hgc, hinh thanh cho hg nhiing ky nang su pham
dl hg cd the giang day va giao due, ddng thdi lam co sd khdng ngimg nang cao nang lire su pham Kien thdc Tam li hge - Giao due hgc lai la nhiing kiln thiic triru tugng
va la nhiing van de mdi me vdi sinh vien Mudn day tdt, hgc tdt cae mdn Tam li hgc -Giao dye hgc phai vin dung phuong phap
"Tinh huong cd van de trong dgy hoc" vao
qua trinh giang day
Qua khao sat thue tien vl eae ylu to thiie diy sinh vien hgc eae mdn Tim li hgc
- Giao due hgc khda 2014 hgc ki I nam hgc 2015-2016 d Trudng Dai hge Phu Yen da chimg minh viec ddi mdi phuang phap day hgc theo hudng phat huy tinh tich cue cua sinh vien va viee van dung tinh hudng co van de trong day hgc cac mdn Tam li hgc -Giao due hgc la rit hieu qua (ehiem 48%)
Bang I Cdc yeu td thiic ddy sinh vien hgc cdc mdn Tdm li hge - Gido dye hgc
XT
1
2
\ Khoa
Yeu to \
Mon hgc co y
nghla xa hdi va
CO y nghTa vdi
nghi
Phuong phap
giang day eua
giang vien hip
dan, tao duge
Tu nhien (124 SV)
s6
lirffng
35
55
%
28.2
44.4
Xa hgi - Nhan van (45 SV)
So liromg
7
25
%
15.5
55.6
Ngoai ngir (60 SV)
Si
lirong
15
30
%
25
50
Chung (229 SV)
s6
lirong
57
110
%
24.9
48.0
Trang 53
4
5
tinh hu6ng kich
thich sinh vien lir
duy
De d?t diem cao
Co nhieu tai lieu
Cac y6u to khac
19
10
5
15.3 8.1 4.0
3
7
3
6.7 15.5 6.7
5
6
4
8.3
10 6.7
27
23
12
11.8 10.0 5.3
* De van dijing tinh huong cd van de
trong day hgc cac mdn Tam li hgc - Giao
due hoc, tru^c het la xay dung ndi dung
day hgc
Ngi dung day hge chiu sir qui djnh cua
muc ti6u Mdt ndi dung day hgc duge giang
vien soan thio tot khi nd cd duge eae dae
diem sau:
- Ndi dung day hgc phu kin muc tieu
hge tap: Mue tieu hgc tap trire tiep qui dinh
ngi dung day hgc Ndi dung chi cd thi duge
eoi la ed hieu qua khi nd phii hgp vdi mue
tieu va phuc vu cho viee thirc hien muc tieu
- Ndi dung day hge phai ed kha nang
phin biet giiia cai phai bilt, can bilt va ed
thi biet Bdi le, ngay nay ngudi diiy va
ngudi hgc cd the tiep xiic vdi vd sd cac tai
lieu tir nhilu ngudn khic nhau: tren
inter-net, phim anh, tivi, dai, saeh bao va eae tai
lieu tham khao Viec nay lam eho hg
choang nggp giira eae tai lieu vi khd xae
dinh dau la nhiing ngi dung quan trgng can
phai nim Phin biet nhiing ngi dung phai
biet, cSn biit vd co the biit se giiip cho
ngudi hgc biet tap trung thdi gian, edng siic
vao eae ngi dung chu yeu Miic do can thiet
cho viee n4m virng muc ti6u day hgc se ndi
len tim quan trgng cua muc tieu Cai phai
biet chinh la nhimg ndi dung phuc vu true
tiep eho viec thirc hien cac muc tieu day hgc
- Ndi dung day hgc phai lip duge cae
khoang trdng trong nhu cau dao tao ciia
sinh vien va nhu cau dao tao eua nha
giao vi6n phii xuit phat tu: muc tieu dao tao, mue tieu mdn hge, dae diem cua ngudi hge, tinh hinh thue tien cua trudng
Vi du: vdi bai "Ngudi gidg viin chu nhiem lap" ed muc tieu: "Lam chg sinh viin lam tdt cong tdc chd nhiem lap trong
dgt thue tap su phgm" cd thS thue hiSn
duge khi cac em lam tdt cae nhiem vu sau:
Nim d\igc tinh hinh hgc sinh, xiy dung
duge kl ho^eh edng tie, tiln hanh eae hoat ddng giio due, phdi hgp eae lire lugng giao
d u e Mudn nam duge tinh hinh hgc sinh lai phai biet sir dung cac phuong phap quan sat, thu thip cae nguon thdng tin, bilt td chiic boat dgng tap the Ndi dung tri thiic, ky nang, each thirc tien hanh eae cdng viee eiia ngudi giao vien chu nhiem lop chinh li ndi dung day hgc ein phai hinh thanh cho hgc sinh
Vi vay, khi xae dinh mue tieu day hgc,
cd the xiy dung ngi dung day hgc bang each: ehia nhd muc tieu thinh cic nhiem vu
- chia nhd eae nhiem vu thanh ede hanh ddng - chia nhd cac hanh dgng va dieu kien thue hiSn ehung
* Lua chgn va sir dung phmmg phap day hoc
Khi lira chgn va sir dung phuang phap day hgc can can cur vao:
- Mdi quan he giu'a phuong phap vdi muc tifiu, ndi dung day hge: Phuong phap day hgc chiu su quy dinh ciia muc tieu va ndi dung day hgc Phuang phap la sir thdng
Trang 6ylu to dam bao eho ndi dung va mue tieu
day hgc duge thue hien
- Mdi quan he giiira phuang phap day
hgc vdi ngudi day: Phuang phap day hge
mang tinh ehii quan ehiu sir quy djnh ciia
ngudi sir dung chiing, vao kha nang nam
vung trinh do sir dung thanh thao chiing
- Mdi quan he giiia phuong phap day
hgc vdi ngudi hgc: Mudn dat hieu qua
phuang phap day hge phai phCi hgp vdi
ngudi hgc, phii hgp vdi dae diem nhan thire
va khi nang nhin thiic ciia hg
- Phuang phap day hgc ehiu sir quy djnh
cua phuang tien va cac dieu kien day hge
khac
Vi the khi tien hanh lira chgn va sii dung
eae phuong phap day hgc chiing ta can phai
ehu >" den cac yeu td tren
* Dira sinh vien vao tinh huong cd
v^n d l
Md dau bai day bang each dua sinh vien
vao tinh hudng cd van de, tir dd giup sinh
vien tiep thu bai giang, tiep thu kien thiic va
giai dap vin dh hge tzip Ching han dl giing
bai "Tdm U hgc Id mgt khoa hgc " nhu sau:
Chiing ta da bilt eiu "Song sdu cdn cd ke
dd, Idng ngudi ai de md do cho tudng",
hoac "O sao cho vira long ngudi, a rgng
ngudi cudi, a hep ngiedi ehe"; Vay "Long
ngudi" d diy duge hieu nhu thi nao eho
dung, cho diy dii? Thue chit "Long ngudi"
la gi, ed quy luat vl "Ldng ngudi" hay
khdng va lim thi nao dl do duge, hilu duge
va lam vira "Ldng ngudi" Tilp din, eho
mdt vii sinh vien phat bilu y kiln vl cac
quan diem tren, sau do ggi y sinh vien mudn
giai quyet vin dl tr8n ein hgc bai "Tdm li
hgc Id mdt khoa Ape" hoac 'T«pr 10 con
sdng, 3 ngon ndi vd 4 nggn deo "cd phdi la
thdnh tich the thao hay mdt logi xe ca gidi
hien dgi mdi duac phdt minh? Sau khi eho
mgt vai sinh vien phat bilu giang vien chdf
con ngudi Mudn bi6t rd vin de tren ein hgc bai "Tinhedm"
* Trinh bay ngi dung bai giang
- Ghi din bai len bang, dua vao dd ma giang giai mdt each cd he thdng
- Giing vien giang bai, md rgng kiln thiic, vdn hieu biet ciia hgc sinh bang each
so sanh, ddi ehieu cae su kien, ehi ro mau thuin giiia li lusin va thue tiln ciia ngi dung
- Kit hgp diln giang thdng bao vdi diln giang n6u van de
- Bi€n phap tich cue nhit li kieu neu mgt nghjch li, ching han khi ndi din anh hudng ciia hoan canh, mdi trudng din sir phat triln nhin each cd the neu hai vin de
ed tinh chat ddi lap
- Bien phap thir hai li di6n giang ngat quang xen vao mgt eau hdi neu vin de
- Bien phap thii ba la ket hgp dien giang vdi dam thoai tranh luan khoang 7-10 phiit
- Bien phap thii tu la ket hgp diln giang vdi trinh bay true quan va luyen tip ngay tren Idp
Trong qua trinh day hge giang vi8n nen ket hgp vdi cac phuang tiSn nghe, nhin, cac
so dd, bilu dd, tranh anh, may ehilu, may ghi im
Ket thue bai day giang vien trinh biy tdm tat bai day giup sinh vi£n nhin lai burc tranh toan eanh mgt each tdm luge nhung diy du y ehinh ciia bai giing va nhin m^inh nhiitig dilm quan trgng ndi b^t Cung ed the danh vai phiit dl dat ciu hoi khai quat dl sinh viSn nhd lai nhiing dieu
da hgc theo mgt he thong chat ehe Cung ed the yeu eau sinh vien trinh b^y
so dd phin nhanh thdng ke, phan nhanh logic dl tdm tit bai giang
Giang vi€n ed the neu cac eiu hdi t6m tat bai vira hgc, de cap nhat nhiing vin de
ed lien quan se giai quylt trong bai giang sau de sinh vien suy nghT va tra Idi trong
Trang 7D6 khang dinh ket qua nghien ciiru
chiing tdi da ehgn ngau nhien 123 sinh vi8n
lap DC14ST0 ehia lim 2 nhdm: nhdm ddi
chung DC14STO01, 59 sinh vien (SV);
nhdm thir nghiem DC14STO02, 64 SV Kit
qua hge tip bai kiem tra lin 1 mdn "Gido
due hgc 1" cua 2 nhdm tuong duang nhau
Bang 2 Kit qud hgc tap cua sinh vien 2 nhdm doi chimg vd thir nghiem
nhdm ddi chiing vin giing day bing phuang phap truyin thdng; Nhdm thd nghiem giang day cd van dung tinh hulng
cd vin de vao qua trinh day hgc Sau qua trinh thir nghiem ehiing tdi thu duge kit qui nhu sau:
stt
1
2
3
4
\ 7 ^ ^ ^ ^ Nhom
\ ^ Lan do
Lo^i diem \
Gi6i(9-10di8m)
Kha ( 7 - 8 diim)
Trung binh ( 5 - 6 diem)
Yeu - kem ( 1 - 4 diem)
Boi chimg (59 SV) DC14STO01 Tnrtifc thir nghiem
SV
0
34
25
0
%
0 57.6 42.4
0
Sau thir nghifm
SV
0
37
22
0
%
0 62.7 37.3
0
Thir nghiem (64SV) DC14STO02 Tru^c thir nghiem
SV
0
36
28
0
%
0 56.3 43.7
0
Sau thir nghiem
SV
2
47
15
0
%
3.2 73.4 23.4
0
Qua bang 2 eho chung ta thiy sau khi
van dung tinh hudng cd van de trong day
hgc cae mdn Tim li hgc - Giao due hgc, ti
le sinh vien dat loai kha tang len rd ret tir
56,3% len 73,4%; Xuat hien diem gidi
ehilm 3,2%
Tdm lai, de tich cue hda boat dgng hgc
tip eCia sinh vien dai hgc, giang vi6n can
nghien cuu van dung phuang phap "Tmh
huong cd van de trong dgy hgc" vao qua
trinh giang day mgt each sang tao Neu van
dung mgt each linh hoat, ddng thdi ket hgp
sir dung cac phuang phap td ehiie day hgc
da dang, phu hgp vdi trinh do nhan thire va
tam li ciia sinh vien, eung nhu chu y den
cac phuang tien ky thuat va quy thdi gian
cho phep ciia chuang trinh mdn hge, ehae
chin chit lugng bai giang se duge nang
cao Dilu quan trgng la can ket hgp dien
giing vdi phuong phap day hgc neu van de, tga dam, thio luan va eae bai tip thirc hanh khac Nhu vay, ehit lugng bai giang phu thugc vao phong each, ky thuat, nghe thuat trinh bay ciia giang vien nham kich thich hiing thii sinh vien theo phuang ehim:
"Hgc cho sSu, hdi cho ky, suy nghi cho cdn than, phan biet cho sdng suot, lam viic cho hit long"
5 Ket lu^n Xay dung tinh huong cd van de trong day hgc ndi chung va trong day hgc Tam li hgc - Giao due hge ndi rieng la rat quan trgng va ed y nghTa thiet thue, nd gdp phan nang eao ehit lugng va hieu qua giang day
va hgc tap cua ngudi day va ngudi hge Khi ndi den cac phuang phap day hgc tich cue khdng the khdng ndi den phucmg phap day hge neu van dl cung eae phuong phap tu
Trang 8hge, lam bai tap sang tao Viec xiy dung
tinh hudng cd vin dl trong day hgc la each
thiie quan trgng nhim nang eao trinh dd tu
duy, phat triln tinh doe lap nhan thiie eho
ngudi hgc, ddi hdi ngudi day phai khdng
ngirng hgc hdi, nang cao tay nghe, trinh do
ehuyen mdn, nghiep vu de giy duge cam
xiie va ngae nhien eho ngudi hgc, tir dd tao
cam giae hung phin hirng thii hgc tiip cho ngudi hgc, lam eho ti8t hgc trd nen sinh ddng Nhu vay ed the khSng dinh ring
phuong phap "Tinh huong cd van de trong
dgy hoc" ciing eae phuang phap day hgc
tieh cue khac se gdp phin ddi mdi phuang phap d?y hgc cac mdn Tim li hgc - Giao due hgcG
TAI LIfiU THAM KHAO
[1] Nguyen Nggc Bao (2000), Hogt dgng dgy hgc d trudng phd thdng trung hgc
casd-Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi
[2] Pham Minh Hae (1982), Nhap mdn tdm li hgc, Nxb Giao due Ha Ngi
[3] Trin Trgng Thiy (chu bien), Nguyin Quang Uin (2004) Tdm li hge dgi cuang
-Nxb Giao due, HaNdi
[4] Thai Duy Tuyen (2004), Nhiing vdn di chung cua gido due hgc, Nxb Dai hgc sir
pham
[5] V Okdn (1976), Nhimg ca sd ciia dgy hgc niu vdn de, Nxb Giao due, Ha Ngi
Abstract
Using problematic situations ia teaching and learning
the subject of psychology - education
77ie nature of a classroom problematic situation involves taking students into problem-atic situations and help them find a variety of solutions to them In the curriculum of teachers training colleges, psychology and education are typical professional subjects which play a key role in teachers training The article provides an overview of problematic situations and how to use them in teaching and learning psychology - education aiming at promoting the quality and effectiveness in training the prospective teaching staff
Keywords: problematic situations, psychology, education