• KHOA HOC N H A N V A N • MOT SO GIAI PHAP NANG CAO CHAT LlTCJNG GIAO DUC TIEU HOC 6 MOT SO TINH MIEN NUI PHIA BAC N G U Y i N HUY PHONG ''''^ Torn tdt Thdng qua nhdn diin, ddnh gid nhiing thdnh tiiu dg[.]
Trang 1MOT SO GIAI PHAP NANG CAO CHAT LlTCJNG GIAO DUC TIEU HOC 6 MOT SO TINH
MIEN NUI PHIA BAC
N G U Y i N H U Y P H O N G '^
Torn tdt: Thdng qua nhdn diin, ddnh gid nhiing thdnh tiiu dgt diigc vd nhitng bdt cap, hgn che
cdn khdc phuc d cdp tiiu hgc qua kkdo sdt d mpt sddia phUOng, bdi viit di xudt mgt sdgidi phdp nfiam ndng cao chdt liiOng gido due tiiu hgc, ditrin nhiing dia bdn kho khdn ndy co nkitng dong gop tich cUc, cilng cdc ngdnh, cdc cdp hgc trin cd nUdc thUc hiin tkdnk cdng c&ng cupe doi mdi cdn bdn, todn diin gido due ddo tgo nhii tink tkdn Nghi quyit Dgi hoi Bang todn qudc ldn thitXI dd dira
Tit khoa.: Gido due tiiu hgc; miin nui phia Bac; ngdnh gido due; gido due ddo tgo
Abstract: By identifying achievements and limitations in primary education in some northern provinces of Vietnam, the author proposed some interventions to improve the quality of primary education in these provinces in order to catch up with the educational innovation movement of the whole nation as stated in the resolution ofthe Vietnam Communist Party's 11th Congress
Keywords: Primary education; north ofVietnam; education; training
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 17/12/2016; Ngdy sda bdi: 18/01/2017; Ngdy duyit ddng bdi: 13/3/2017
Dfln n h a p vung cao cung dang phai ddi m a t vdi
T i l u hge la cfl'p hgc cd vai trd, vi t r i n h i l u khd k h a n , thfieh thfle, e i n nhflng quan trgng t r o n g he thfl'ng giao due qude giai p h a p hflu hifiu, ddng bg de nfing eao dfln, ndi giup t r e h i n h thfinh nhflng t r i eha't Ifldng cua cfl'p hge dflc bifit quan thfle d i u tifin ve cufie sd'ng DSi vdi ngflnh trgng nay
giao due dfio t a o (GDDT) eae t i n h mifi'n De thfle Men ddi mdi cfin ban, toan difn nfli phia B i c , nhflng dieV kifin dge thfl v l giao due vfi dfio tgo trong giai dogn Men dia hinh, lich stt, v a n hda, phong tuc tflp nay, khdng thfi khdng quan tfim d i n y l u quan da ed nhflng tfic dgng, a n h hudng td' giao due viing m i l n Ddi vdi nhiing t i n h
t r e n ea h a i phUdng difn tieh cUe vfl tieu t h a n h mifi'n nfli, viing sau, vflng xa vdi eUc ddi vdi sfl p h a t t r i e n giao due ndi nhflng dac diem rifing ve d i l u kifn dia ly ehung va giao due tieu hge ndi rieng Giao tfl nhien, kinh t l - xfl hgi, phong tue t f p due tieu hge d eae t i n h mifi'n nfli phia B i c quan da tae dgng va cM phdi m a n h me
nhflng n a m g i n day da dat dflde nhiin dfi'n mfii trUdng, ddi sd'ng gifio due, trong
thfinh tttu t r o n g vifie dgy ehfl, day ngudi,
naTiCT ran dfln t r i Tuy nhien, trUdc nhflng I ;
n a n g cao a a n i,ri X y ^ , ^^ s " Vifin van hoa vS phat triln, Hoc vifn Chinh tri quoc yeu e i u , ddi hoi mdi, giao due tieu hgc gia H6 CM Minh; Email: tunglanil982@gmail.com
Trang 2dd cd giao due tieu hge Lfl m f t cfl^p hgc dfie
bifit quan trgng, giflo due tilu hge vung
eao trong nhiing nflm q u a da cd n M l u e l
ging, dgt duge n h i l u thfinh tieh tiong vific
dgy ehfl - dgy ngfldi eho con em ddng bfio
cae dfln tde thieu sd' Tuy nMfin, bfin cgnh
nhflng thflnh tflu d a t dflde, dp hgc nfly
eung dang phai dfii difin vdi nhflng khd
khfin, thfieh thfle k l ca tfl pMa ngfldi dgy
Ifln ngfldi hge Trong khudn kho eua bfli
vilt, ehflng tfii d l efp giflo due tieu hge
viing eao qua khao s a t d rafit sd' tinh nhfl
Hfi Giang, Lfio Cai, Sdn La, Dien Bifin,
Cao Bfing, tfl dd d l xuflt mfit sfi' giai p h a p
nfing cao ehat lfldng gifio due tieu hge eua
vflng (!ia bfin ed y ngMa cMen lUdc nfiy
1 ThUc t r a n g g i a o d u e tifi^u h o c d
m o t so' t i n h m i l n n u i p h i a B a c
1.1 Nhiing thdnh tUu dqt dUdc
- Quy md trUdng ldp vd sdhgc sinh, gido
viin tiiu hgc khdng ngihig tdng,
Trong nhflng nfim qua, thile Mfin c h u
trfldng, ehinh sfieh e u a D a n g vfl Nhfl
nfldc, GDDT vung cao da ed n M l u c h u y i n
biln, khdi s i c d mgi e i p hgc, trong dd ed
cfi^p tieu hgc Nhiing d i u tU v l ngudn lUc
nhfin liie, tfii ehinh, cd sd vflt ebfi't da gdp
p h i n vfio sU phfit t r i l n quy mfi giao due
vdi hfi thdng trudng ldp ngfiy efing k h a n g
trang, hifn dai; dfii ngfl nhfi giao ngfly
efing trudng thfinh, Idn raanh v l sfi' lUdng,
ebfi't lUdng
Danh gia ehung v l nhiing thfinh tttu
eua giao due s a u h d n 15 nflm thUe Mfn
Nghi quyet Trung Udng 2 khda VIII
(1996), Dang t a n h i n raanh: "Ca nUdc da
hofln thfinh mue tieu xda m u chfl vfl pho
efp giao due tilu hgc vao nfira 2000; phd
cflp giao due t n m g hge cd sd vfio nflm
2010; dang t i l n tdi phd cfip giflo due mam non eho t r e 5 tudi; eung edvfi nfing eao k i t qua xda mfl ehfl cho ngfldi ldn Cd hdi t i l p efin gifio due ed n M l u t i l n bd, nhfl^t lfi ddi vdi ddng bflo dfln tdc t M l u sd vfl cac ddi tfldng chinh sflch; cd b a n bao d a m binh
d i n g gidi trong giao due vfl dfio tao"'^*
Trong Chiin li^ phdt triin gido due
2011-2020 eua T h u tfldng Chinh phu cflng
da gM nhfln nhiing thfinh tflu dflng tfl hfio cua ngfinh: "Trong giai dogn 2001 - 2010,
ty If hgc s m h trong do tudi di hge tfing
n h a n h , trong dd mfiu giflo 5 tudi tfing tfl 72% len 98%; tieu hge tfl 94% Ifin 97%;
t n m g hge cd sd tfl 70% lfin 83%; t r u n g hgc phd thdng tfl 33% lfin 50%; quy md dfio tao
n g h i tfing 3,08 l i n , t n m g cfi^p ehuyfin nghifp tfing 2,69 l i n ; quy md giflo due dgi hge tfing 2,35 lin"''^
Dfli vdi giflo due tieu hgc vung cao trong nhfliig nfim q u a da cd nhflng ddi thay, chuyen bifi'n r o nfit v l quy mo phat triln mgng lUdi trUdng hgc cac efi'p, v l sU gia tfing dfi n g u giao vifin cd trinh dfi Theo thfihg kfi v l t i n h h i n h giflo due tieu hgc mfit sd t i n h thflnh viflig nfli pMa Bic trong mgt so nfira q u a cho t h i y c i p hgc nfiy lufin d u y t r t dUde sU I n dinh v l quy mfl p h a t trien trUdng ldp, ddi ngu can bf giang dgy, d f c bift lfi nhflng gifio vien ngUdi dfin tfie thieu sd khdng ngflng dUdc
bd sung theo eae nfim:
'" Dang C9n6 san Yi^t Nam (2013), Vdn liiin H^i nghi mdi can ban, todn di$n gido due vd ddo tgo, Nxb
Chinh tri qufii: gia, HU Nfii, tr.25
•^ Ngu6n;http://vanban.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portaI/ chinhphu/hethongvanban?cla8sjd=2&mode=detail& document_id=160806
Trang 3B a n g 1 S o trtfdng ti^u h o c p h a n t h e o d i a p h i i d n g
STT
1
2
3
4
5
TinhyThanh
Lao Cai
Sdn L a
H a Giang
Dien Bi§n
Cao Bang
N a m 2013
241
282
193
173
243
N a m 2014
238
286
193
175
246
N a m 2015
231
289
197
176
246
B a n g 2 S o g i a o vifin t i e u h o c t h u o c c a c d a n t o e it ngifofi trifc t i e p g i a n g d a y
t h e o dia phtfdng STT
1
2
3
4
S
T i n h / T h a n h
Lao Cai
Sdn L a
Hk Giang
Dien Bien
Cao Bang
N a m 2013
1744
3811
3721
2170
3988
N a m 2014
1917
4083
3630
2230
4028
N a m 2015
1983
4157
3723
2246
4047
B a n g 3 Sd' g i a o v i e n t i e u h o c trtfc tiSp g i a n g d a y p h S n t h e o dia phtfdng STT
1
2
3
4
5
T i n h / T h a n h
hko Cai
Sdn La
H a Giang
Dien Bien
Cao Bang
N a m 2013
6323
7322
6617
4806
4148
N a m 2014
6498
7690
6640
4699
4211
N a m 2015
6768
7620
6482
4729
4220
(Nguon; Niin gidm Thdhg ke nam 2013, 2014, 201S)
Qua so lifiu thfi'ng ke tai ba bang tren co nif6c; sii quan tam, dau tu cua cac ctfp cac thfi' thay, quy mo giao due tieu hoc cac nganh; sil ddi mdi tU duy nhto thflc cua
tinh viing mii phia Bac (vl sS' tnicfng 16p, ngUcii dan v$ tam quan trong cua giao due
giao vifin) lufin co chie'u hufing gia tSng, dSi v6i tudng lai cua con em minh, du bao
phat trien vfi" s6' lifgng 6 mot s6 tinh trong nhiing nSm tiep theo, cSp tilu hoc sfi
thanh nhu Lao Cai, tuy so'tnl&ng tilu hoc co nhOng sU thay ddi, phat triln theo nhflng nam trS lai day cfi giam do nhflng chie~u hufing tich cUc, hifin dai, dap iing tfi't chinh sach vfi" kfi' hoach hoa dfin so' gia nhu cSu cua toan xa hfii
iHnh, nhiing tac dong cua qua trinh do thi
hoa, nhiing sd giao vien tifi'u hoc lai tang,
dam bao sU cfin dfi'i vl ty le giao vien trfin
lfip, tao difiu kifin thuftn loi de dfi'i mfii,
nang cao chit lUdng day va hoc
- Ve chat li/ang day ud hoc khdng ngiing
cai thiin
Ciing vfii viec ddi mfii noi dung, chUdng trinh, phUdng phap giang day, kiem tra, danh gia, nhSi la viec ling dung mo hinh
Vfii nhflng chi'nh sach Uu tifin ve phat trUcing hoc VNEN, mot sfi' trUclng tilu hoc &
trie'n giao due tilu hgc cua Dang, Nha cac tinh da thu dUdc nhflng ket qua kha
Trang 4quan: Thay ed dflde trai ngMfim mfit
phfldng phfip giang day mdi; hoe sinh hflng
thfl vdi bfii giang, lfim ehu efie tinh hudng;
dfldc phat huy nang Ifle, tdehfi!t ca nhfin
Trong D l a n Doi mdi can bdn todn
dien GDDT, phdt triin nguon nhdn lUc,
trgng tdm la ddo tqo nguon nhdn lUc chdt
luqng cao, giai dogn 2016-2020, Tinh uy
Lfio Cai nhfin dinh: "Cha!t Ifldng gifio due
tofin dien da cd sU tifi'n bfi vflng chfie vfi rd
ret: Gia.o due m^m non, nbSit lfi mfiu giao
phat trien manh; gifio due t i l u hoc on
dinh v l sd lUdng, quy mfi, ebfi^t Mdng giao
due tofin difin dUdc nfing lfin rd rfit nhd
thUc M$n n h i l u mfi h i n h giao due mdi
Gifio due dfin tfie cd n h i l u ehuyen b i l n
tich cUc Phd efip giao dye tieu hoc; d^e
bifit, nfim 2013 tinh Lao Cai d a t chuan
phd efip giao due m£m non eho t r e 5
tudi He thfi'ng t r u n g tfim hoc t a p cdng
ddng dUde eung efi' d 164/164 xfi, phudng,
thi tr^LU vdi khoang 60.000 Mdt ngUdi
t h a m gia hoe tfip/nfim"'^*
Rieng vdi gifio due tieu hoe d thfinh pho'
Lfio Cai, CECP hoc nfiy eung ed n h i l u ddng
gdp quan trong Ifim n e n t h a n h edng ehung
cua gifio due tinh nha "Sfi' hoc sinh d i n
trudng ngfiy efing tfing, n a m hoc
1999-2000 da huy dfing 99,1% hoc sinh trong do
tudi r a ldp, so hoc sinh tfl 5-14 tudi r a ldp
tfing 30% so vdi n a m hgc 1992 - 1993 Ty
1| huy dong hoc sinh de'n trUdng bfie t i l u
hpe d^t 98% Nfim 1996 eae phudng cua
thi xfi hofin t h a n h phd cfip giao due t i l u
hoe Chfi't lUdng giao due dUde nfing len rd
rfit, ty lfi tdt nghiep h a n g nfim dat tfl
84-94% Tofin t h a n h p h d ed 20 trUdng tieu
Cfing tfie d i u t u xay dUng trUdng ehu£n
qudc gia dUdc eae efi'p, cac nganh vfi tofin
xa hfii quan tfim, d i n n a m 2012 thfinh p h d
ed 13 trudng t i l u hoc dUdc edng nhfin
trudng dat chuan qudc gia, trong dd cd 2 trUdng tieu hoe dat c h u ^ qud'e gia mfle dd
2 15 trfldng cd thU vifin ehudn"'** Vdi nganh gifio due tieu hoc H a Giang, nhflng nfim qua nhd sU q u a n tfim cua cae e^p, cfic ngfinh, gifio due tidu hoe cung ed nhflng khdi sfie khdng ehi ve sU gia tfing quy mfi trudng ldp, ty IS hoe sinh d i n trudng ludn duy t r i mfle dn dinh (tre 6-14 tufi'i d i n trudng dat 98,5% dan sd trong dfi tudi) Chilt lUdng gifio due clip t i l u hoc khfing ngflng dUde nfing cao Theo bfio cao cua Sd GDDT Hfi Giang, tinh den 31/5/2016, tofin t i n h cd 47 trfldng tieu hpc
dat chuan qud'c gia V I x i p loai hoe lfle cSip
tieu hoc nfim hoc 2015-2016: hoe lfle gidi 4,2%, khfi 29,7%, t r u n g binh 61,6%, y l u 4,5%, kem 0,7% (so vdi nfim hoe 2014-2015
tl lfi khfi, gidi tfing 1,8%, ti lfi ylu, kfim giam l,0%)"t«
Cdn vdi giao due t i l u hoc t m h Difin Bifin, mfie du cdn n M l u khd khfin v l kinh tfi', d i l u kien dia Iy tU nMen khac ngM$t nhiing vdi sfl nd lfle, q u y l t tfim cua cac e^p cfic ngfinh, efip gifio due t i l u hoe dfi eo nhflng c h u y i n b i l n tieh efle " 6 c^p tilu
hoe, cfic ed sd giao due da xay d\pig k l
hoach gifio due theo dinh hfldng phat t r i l n nfing lflc hoe sinh; khdng cd tinh trang day them, hoe thfim dfii vdi hoc sinh tieu hoc;
t r i l n khai ed hifiu qua vific day hoc ngoai ngfl, t m hoe, cac chUdng trinh, dil fin doi mdi, p h a t trien giao due e^p tieu hoe gdp
p h a n tieh eUc vao vific doi mdi phfldng phap day hoc, nang eao ch^t Ifldng giao
<^' NguSn: sgddt.laocai.gov.vn/ /sgddt/ /06-DA-TU '*' Ngu^n; http://tplaocai.laocai.gov.vn/ubndtp/1256/ 28424/40259/240698/Giao-duc/Thanh-pho-Lao-Cai-chu-trong-naDg-cao-chat-luong-giao-duC"dao-tao.aBpx (« Ngufin: hagiang.edu.vn/new8/van-ban/so-gd giang/ ,/644-442-bc-sgddt,htinl
S6^2017
Trang 5d\ic So hoc sinh t i l u hoe hofin thfinh
ehUdng t r i n h dat 98,4% (tfing 1,6% so vdi
nfim hoe trUde); so hoc sinh dUde eae cfip
k h e n thudng Ifi trfin 27.200 hoc sinh
(43,3%) TM trfin m a n g I n t e r n e t efi'p qufi'e
gia Ohmpie Tifing A n h 5, Ohmpie Toan 5
do^t nhil^u giai cao"'^\
Cd thfi ndi, nhflng ed gfing, no lUc cua
efie cfi'p, efie ngfinh, nhfi^t la sU tfin tfim,
yeu n g h i , b a m trUdng, bfim ldp cua cfic
gifio vifin vdng eao dfi gdp p h a n quan
trong vfio viee n a n g eao dfin tri, dfio tao
n h a n Me vfi bdi dUdng nhfin tfii eho cae
tinh thfinh cdn n M l u khd k h a n Vdi c^p
tieu hoc, dfiy lfi cap hpc cd nhflng dfic t h u
v l t a m sinh li, nhflng khd khfin eua ddng
bfio dan tdc t M l u sfi', d i l u kifin di lai, s m h
ho^t, hpe t a p edn n h i l u khd khfin nhUng
nhflng CO gang Idn cua t h a y vfi trd, cua gia
(finh vfi xfi bfii dfi t^o n e n nhflng diem
sang ve giao due vung cao
1.2 Nhang khd khdn, thdeh thac ddt ra
Bfin canh nhflng mfit thufin Idi, nhflng
thfinh tieh dat dflcJe tM giao due tieu hpe
vflng cao cflng dang p h a i dfii m a t vdi
nhifi'u khd khfin, thach thflc Dd la:
- Dia b a n eMen lUdc cua vflng nui Tfiy
hie, ndi ed dia h i n h ddi n u i Mem trd, tMfin
nMfin kh^c ngM^t, thudng xuyfin phai
hflng chiu bao lu, thifin tai, da a n h hfldng
ldn den boat ddng day hpe eua th^y vfi trd
Vdi dia bfin hoat ddng rdng, dfin cU thUa
thdt, sdng khfing tfip t r u n g , trUdng hpe lai
thudng d k h u t r u n g tfim nfin vifie vfin
dfing, tfip hdp con em ddng bfio d i n ldp
g^p n h i l u khd khfin
- Cd sd v a t ehfi^t vfi t r a n g thie't bi trUdng
hpc tuy dfldc d^u tfl nhUng d nhflng
huyfin, thi, xfi d xa t r u n g tfim cdn lae hfiu,
t a m bd, xud'ng cfi'p, chfla dUde q u a n tfim
dflng mflc Nhflng ngfii trfldng dUng tam
bfing t r a n h t r e nfla la do ngUdi dfin va can
bd, bd dpi bien phdng dung nfin mdi eM lfi nhflng giai p h a p t i n h the' trflde mfit, ehfla dflde xfiy dflng kifin cd, a n h h u d i ^ den chat Mdng day hpc va thUe Men mue tieu doi mdi phfldng phfip giang d£iy, kiem t r a danh gifi Theo thfihg kfi cua ngfinh GDDT Hfi Giang, hifin ed sd vfit ehfi^t, tMfi't bi day hpc, nhfi't Ifi d vung cao cdn n M l u khd
k h a n : 38% phdng hpe ehfla dflde Men ed' hda Phdng hoc bd mfin, tin hpc, ngoai ngfl dat chuan mdi dap flng dUde 20%, nhfi d
b a n trfl eho hpc sinh dfi^p flng dflde 70%,
t M l u efing trinh nhfi ve sinh, nUdc saeh
- Mfit sfi' vflng m i l n do nhflng dfic tinh, tfip quan rifing, do nhflng d i l u kifin khd khfin v l kinh t e n e n n M l u gia dinh khdng mudn eho eon em tdi trfldng N M l u tre trong dd tudi d i n trfldng phai d nhfi, theo bd' me lfin nfldng lfim r^y D i l u dd cho thay, nhflng n h ^ thflc v l giao due, v l
q u y i n cua tre em d mot so gia £ n h chUa dUde ehfl trpng, quan t a m "Nfim hpe
2009-2010, 15 tinh t r u n g du vfi m i l n nfli pMa Bfie cd 11.197 hpc sinh bd hpe, chiem hdn 0,5%, trong dd, sd' hpe smh bfic tieu hpc bd hpc lfi 1.007 em, bfielxung hpe ed sd 4.483
em, bfic t r u n g hpe phd thdng 5.707 em"''* NhQng chinh sach dai ngd, khuyen khieh eua Nhfi nflde ddi vdi giao vifin vung eao ed n h i l u cai tMfin nhttag ehfla dang
k l Ddi sdng cua hp edn gfip nMl^u khd khfin Qua t r i n h tifip cfin thfing t m cdn
ch^m, k h a nfing cap hh^t ngoai ngfl, t m
hpe cdn yeu Bfin canh dd Ifi nhflng bfi't cfip trong vifie thflc tM chUdng trtnh Vifie thUc
'-^ NguSn: littp://www.atv.org.vii/tin-tuc/chiiih-tri-xa-hoi/
49992/i^aiih-giao-duc-va-dao-tao-tinh-dien-bien-naiig-cao-chat-luong-day-va-hocaspx
^ NguSn: http://web.cema.gov.vn/modulea.php?naine= News&op=Print&inid=3043
Trang 6Men theo ehfldng trinh day hpc chu^n
qud'e gia d mdt sd' ndi khd thflc Men; vifie
thay ddi efieh d a n h gifi hpe s m h tieu hpe
tfl diem sd sang nhfin xet eung gap n M l u
trd ngai khi n M l u gia ^ n h dfin tdc chfla
b i l t ehfl nfin khd cd t h i nfim dUde tanh
hinh hoc tfip cua eon em minh
TrUdc nhflng b^t cfip, b a n c h l n a y sinh
trong efing tfie day vfi hpc cua gifio vifin
t i l u hpe vflng eao, trong efing eufic ddi mdi
ean b a n vfi tofin difin gifio due ldn nay, cac
ed quan, b a n nganh edn nghifin eflu, di
xadt nhflng giai phfip t h i l t thflc, cd tinh
kha tM de duy t r i sU p h a t t r i l n , on dinh
vfi tflng bude nfing cao chfi't Ifldng giao due
tieu hpc cac t m h mien nfli ndi ehung de
cung c^Tp ngudn nhfin lUc, tao dfi phat
trien b i n vfliig kinh t e - xa hdi cac vflng
m i l n ed f ngMa eMfin Mde trong giai dosin
M$n nay
2 M o t s o g i a i p h a p n S n g c a o c h a t
lUflng g i a o d u e t i e u h o c
Ddi mdi efin ban, tofin difin gifio due,
dau tien dd la sU ddi mdi tU duy, nhfin
thfle: "Ddi mdi nhflng vfi^n d l ldn, cd't loi,
cap tMit, tfl quan diom, tfl tudng cM dao
de'n mue tieu, ndi dung, phUdng phfip, ed
ehe, chinh sach, d i l u kifin bao d a m thUc
Mfin; ddi mdi tfl sU lanh dao eua Dang, sU
quan ly cua Nhfi nUde d i n boat ddng quan
tri eua cac cd sd giao due - dfio tao vfi vifie
t h a m gia eua gia dinh, efing ddng, xa hfii
vfi b a n t h a n ngUdi hpc; dd'i mdi d tfi't ca cac
bfie hoe, ngfinh ho"'* De thfle Mfin t h a n h
efing Nghi quyfi't 29-NQ/TW B a n chfi'p
hfinh Trung Udng khda XI (nam 2013)
ciang n h u Chiin luqc phdt triin gido due
giai doqn 2011 • 2020 cua Chfnh phu vdi
mue tifiu: 'Dfi'n nfim 2020, ty lfi di hpc
dflng dp tudi d tieu hpe Ifi 99%, t r u n g hpc
cd sd Ifi 95% vfi 80% t h a n h nien trong dd tudi dcit t r t n h dfi hoc vfi'n t r u n g hpc phd thdng vfi tUdng dUdng; cd 70% t r e em
k h u y l t tfit dUde di hoe T i l p tuc dfio tao,
dfio tao lai, bdi dudng ddi ngu nhfi giao di
dfi'n nfim 2020, 100% giao vifin mdm non vfi phd thfing d a t chu^n t r i n h dd dfio tao, trong dd 60% giao vien m i m non, 100% gifio vien tieu hpc, 88% gifio vifin trung hpc
cd sd vfi 16,6% giao vifin t r u n g hpc phd thdng d a t t r t n h dd dfio tao t r e n chulEn"**, ddi hdi tofin ngfinh gifio due phai ehimg sfle, ddng ldng, q u y l t t a m cao tM mdi cd thfi hofin thfinh dflde sfl menh vfi trpng trfieb ldn lao mfi Dang, n h a n dfin tin tudng giao phd
Ddi vdi gifio dye t i l u hpc vflng cao, vflng nfli, d l gdp p h i n vfio eong eude doi mdi tofin dien n l n giao due nUde nhfi, trflde mfit vfi trong thdi gian lau dfii, cac cap cac nganh vfi c h m h nhflng ed sd gifio due can thflc hifin td't nhflng nMfim v u vfi giai
p h a p sau:
Tha nhdt, ve cd c h l , chinh sach
D I gifio due vflng eao tifi'n kip vfi ed ch^t Ifldng n g a n g b i n g vdi giao due cae vflng
m i l n khac, nhfi't Ifi vung ddng b^ng, dd thi edn ed nhiing giai p h a p mang tinh dfit pha, eMen lUde, p h u hdp vdi d i l u kifin kinh t e - xfi hpi dac t h u Cd nhflng ehinh saeh Uu tien v l dao tao, bdi dUdng ngudn nhfin luc tai ehd, ddng thdi ed nhiJIng ehinh saeh dai ngd, t h u hut, k h u y i n kieh ngfldi t&i, nhflng giao vifin ed trinh dfi, t a m
'** NguSn: Dang C^ng san Vi^t Nam (2013), VSn kiin Hdi ngki ldn thd 8, Ban chdp hdnk Trung UOng khda
XI vi ddi mdi cdn bdn, todn dien gida due vd ddo tgo, Nxb Chfnh trj quoc gia, Hk Noi, tr.28
(*> NguSn: httpy/vanban.cliinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/ chinhphu/hettiongvanban?cIass_id=2&mode=dBtail & docunientjd=160806
Trang 7huyfi't len cdng tfic d vung sfiu, vflng xa
Mudn vfiy, edn qufin trifit vfi phd b i l n sau
rfing chu trUdng, dudng loi cua Dang, Nhfi
nude d i n vdi tofin t h i nhfin dfin, de hp
hieu sau sfie v l tdm q u a n trpng eua giao
due, ddu t u vfi tsio die'u kien cho con em
dUde d i n trfldng Cdn xfiy dflng nhflng
trfldng dai hpc sfl phsim chuyen bifit,
ehuyfin dao tao gifio vifin m i l n nui, vung
eao vdi nhflng ehinh saeh eu t h e trong vifie
tuydn ehpn, dfio tao, bdi dfldng vfi sfip xep
vifie lfim sau khi r a trUdng Dd'i vdi cae
trudng cao dang sU pham, cdn tieh cUe ddi
mdi ndi dung vfi phUdng p h a p giang day
theo hudng tifin t i l n , tieh hdp ndi dung
giang day, gfin If thuyet vdi thUe hfinh,
chu trpng dfin y l u to dia phUdng, vung
mie'n, tfl do giup eho gifio vifin t i l u hpe ed
thfim thdng tin, k i l n thflc vfi ky nfing
nghiep vu de hofin thfinh nMfim vu d l ra
Mfit khae, vdi giao due t i l u hpe vung cao,
edn ed sU ngMen eflu ky v l dae t m h t a m
sinh 1^ cua ngUdi hpc, d i l u kifin s m h hoat,
hpe tfip cua ngUdi day vfi ngUdi hpe d l bifin
soan mfit ehfldng t r i n h rifing, p h u hdp
Tha hai, dfii vdi can bd q u a n ly gido due
vfi dpi ngu thdy eo giao
Vdi giao due t i l u hoc vflng cao, vai trd
eua efin bd quan Iy vfi giao vien giang day
la h i t sfle quan trpng Bdi dfiy lfi nhflng
ngfldi trfle tie'p q u a n ly, trflc t i l p thflc tM
quan diem dudng loi cua Dang, Nhfi nUdc;
ddng thdi, d l x u ^ t nhflng k i l n nghi,
nhflng giai phfip k h a thi d l vfla diin
chinh, vfla bd s u n g chinh sfieh sao cho phfl
hdp vdi tflng vflng m i l n , tflng ed sd gifio
due eu the Khdng ehi m a n g t r i thfle, eon
ehfl dfi'n vdi eon em ddng bfio eae dan toe
t M l u so, nhflng ngfldi thdy edn lfi can bd
tuyen truyfiV, vfin dfing Mfiu qua nhfi't
trong vific dfing vifin, k h u y i n kMeh t r e em
den trudng, giflp cfic gia dinh nhfin thflc dfldc tdm quan trpng eua giao due dfio tao,
titng bfldc xda bd nhflng tap tinh, thdi
quen sinh hoat lac hfiu, ldi suy ngM nhfi't thdi, ndng can, cd h u bdi nhflng tfip tue mfi tin, di doan
Vdi can bo quan ly, edn nfim bfit dUde tfi,m t u t i n h cam cua giao vifin, tao moi
d i l u kien v l cd sd vat ebsft, nang cao ddi sd'ng tinh t h a n eho nhflng giao vifin c l m ban Gay dUng dUde m i m tin, ed vu t i n h thdn vfi dfie bifit Ifi t r u y i n eho hp ngon lfla dam me edng Men, nMfit h u y l t vfi gfin bd vdi vflng cao Cdn vdi nhflng thdy ed gifio trUe t i l p dflng ldp cdn cd nhflng ddi mdi sang tao, vfin dung Unh boat ehfldng trinh sao cho phu hdp vdi yeu t d vflng m i l n vfi
t a m K tifi'p nhfin cua hpc sinh Khfing ngflng ddi mdi ndi dung vfi phfldng phfip giang day, cfip nhfit nhfliig thdng tin thdi sfl v l t i n h M n h giao due trong vfi ngoai nflde Tich ciie hpc t a p t h e m ngfin ngfl dia phfldng, ngdn ngfl cae dfin tfie d l gdn k i t hfii hda, b i n ehfit gifla gia dinh vfi nhfi
trudng, dfic bi^t lfi di M l u vfi nfim bfit
dUde tfim ly, n h u cdu eua tflng ddi tfldng hpc sinh Cd vu, ddng vifin vfi thfip lfin trong tfim t r i cac hoe sinh t i n h yfiu trfldng, yfiu ldp, q u y l t tfim hpe hfinh de thofit nghfio, xay dUng qufi hUdng giau dep
Tha ba, dfii vdi gia dinh vfi xa hdi
Gia dinh vfi xa hdi lfi nhflng nhfin to' quan trpng tae dfing true t i l p vfi chi phfii
m a n h me dfi'n efing tac gifio due, n h ^ t lfi giao due t i l u hpe vung eao Nhflng nhfliig khd khfin tfl ddi sd'ng kinh te • xa hpi eflng vdi difi'u kifin eU t r u ddi nfli M i m trd, khd khfin trong tifi'p cfin thdng tm, nhflng rao can trong tfip quan, thdi quen lfi mdt trong nhflng nguyen n h a n can trd, kim
h a m sU phat trifi'n giao due vung cao Vi
Trang 8t h i efing t a c vfin ddng, tuyfin truyfi'n cua
can bfi, dfie bifit la dpi n g u thdy efi giao lfi
hfi't sflc cdn tMfi't trong vifie n a n g eao nhSin
thfle cua ddng bfio trong viee tao d i l u kifin
thufin ldi cho eon em minh dflde d i n
trfldng, bao dam q u y i n dUde hpc tap, vui
chdi, quyin dUde de'n trfldng cua t r e em
Sfl hdp tae eua eae gia dinh trong vifie
ddng vifin con em dfi'n trfldng, hpe lay eon
chfl d l ddn thofit ngheo, phfit t i i e n k m h tfi'
- xa bfii dia phUdng la n h a n to' quan trpng
quyfi't dinh dfi'n vifie I n dinh quy md
trudng ldp vfi vifie nfing cao ehfii Mdng
giang day Ben eanh dd, sU t h a m gia eua
tofin xfi bfii trong vifie chfim lo, quan tfim
d i n ddi sdng gifio due se cd f ngMa ldn de
ngfinh gifio due hofin thfinh dUdc sU mfinh
ve vang eua minh Cae td chflc xa bfii, cae
ed quan dofin t h i , mfit trfin T l qufi'e phai
cd nhiSng hfinh ddng thifi't thfle, hi$u qua
hdn nfla trong nhfliig chinh sach khuye'n
hpe, k h u y i n tfii, tao r a M n h a n h ca xa hfii
hpc tfip, hoc de xay dUng vfi bao vfi To
qude Nhflng phong trfio do ngudi dfin td
chflc cd sflc a n h hudng ldn, giflp ngUdi dfin
nhfin thfle ro hdn v l tdm q u a n trpng cua
viec chfim lo, bdi dUdng, giao due thfi' hfi
tre, giflp nganh gifio due thUe M^n dUdc
trpng trach ldn lao cua minh
Lfim dUdc nhflng d i l u fi'y, ehfic ehdn
giao due vung eao se khdc phuc dfldc
nhflng h a n c h l , khifi'm k h u y l t hi0n tai,
k i t hdp moi ngudn lUe d d u sU, sfl quan
tfim, vfio eupc eua eae efi[p cac ngfinh, dfie
bi$t lfi n b ^ n thfle dflng dfin cua ngfldi dfin
v l vai trd eua giao due dfi'i vdi viec phat
trien toan difin con ngfldi, lfi ddng lUc
quan trpng de phat t r i l n kinh t l - xa hoi
K e t l u ^ n
Cd t h i ndi, trong nhflng nfim qua, giao
due dfio tao nUde nhfi da ed nhieu khdi sfie,
trong dd ed nhihig ddng gdp khfing nhd eua giao due tieu hpc vung eao cung vfiy Cflng vdi sU p h a t t r i l n eua Tfinh tfi' - xfi bfii, h n h VUc gifio due eung dUde ddu tfl, day meinb, phfit trien theo kip vdi nhip
p h a t trien ehung eua xa hdi Tuy cdn nMfiu khd khfin nhflng vdi q u y l t tfim eua Dang, Nhfi nfldc, tofin t h i xa hoi, dfie bifit Ifi vai trd cua dfii n g u nhfi giao se giflp giao due tieu hpc vung cao t i l n kip vdi mfit bang gifio due ehung cua ca nflde, gdp
p h a n t^o ngudn lfle cho sU phat t r i l n kinh
t e - xa hdi dia phUdng
Sfl t h a y ddi eua mfit ehinh sfich se tae dfing vfi cM phdi m a n h me den ch£t Ifldng
va chilu hudng p h a t t r i l n eua gifio due, vfi trong cfing cufie ddi mdi efin b a n vfi tofin dien n l n giao due dfio t a o do Dang khdi xUdng, h y vpng vdi nhflng nd lUc, ed gdng,
t i n h t h d n tifin phong, xung kieh cua nhflng ngUdi thdy, giao due tieu hpe vflng eao se hoan thfinh dUde sU mfinh vfi trpng traeh ldn Iao trong vifie day ehfl, day ngfldi trong bd'i eanh hifin nay
T A I L I E U THAM KHAO
1 Tfi'ng cue Thd'ng kfi, Niin gidm thdng
ki (cdc ndm 2013 2014, 2015), Nxb Thfihg
kfi H a Ndi
2 Ph^un M m h HEIC (2007, ehu bifin), Phdt
triin vdn hod, con ngiM vd ngudn nhdn lUc thM ky cdng nghiip hod, hiin dqi hod ddt nUdc, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Hfi Npi
3 Dfing Thi T h a n h Huyfi'n (2001), Gido
due phd thdng vdi phdt triin chdt luqng ngudn nhdn lUc, nhitng bdi hgc thUc tiin tit Nhdt Bdn, Nxb Khoa hpe xfi hfii, Hfi Ndi
4 Tfing Minh Lpe (2008), "Nang cao ebfi't Ifldng ngudn nhfin Iflc ndng thdn",
Tqp chi Cpng sdn diin ta, r a ngfiy
15/10/2008