TAP CHlKHQA HQC VA CQNG NGHE, Tmdng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc DH HuS Tip 6, SS2(2016) TINH CHU DQNG TRONG VIEC XAY DlTNG KE HOACH HOC TAP CilA SINH VIEN TRl/OiNG DAI HQC KHOA HOC, D^I HOC HUE HIEN NAY V5 Nft H[.]
Trang 1TINH CHU DQNG TRONG VIEC XAY DlTNG KE HOACH HOC TAP CilA SINH VIEN TRl/OiNG DAI HQC KHOA HOC, D^I HOC HUE HIEN NAY
V5 Nft Hai Yen
Khoa Xd hgi hgc, Tru&ng Dgi hgc Khoa bgc - Dgi hpc Hui
Email: haiyen.xhh@gmail.com
T O M T A T
Xdy dung ki hogch hgc tap Id mpi kp ndng hit siic quan trpng vd cdn thiil dii v&i mdi ngudi hgc nhdt Id trong ddo lao iheo hgc chi tin chi hiin nc^ Vigc lgp ki hoaeh hgc lap bao gdm nhieu hogt dgng nhu: lap ih&i gian biiu; tim phucmg phdp hgc phu hgp: lim dge gido Irinh, tdi li^u tham khdo; chudn bf bdi tru&c khi den l&p; ddnh ih&i gian cho viec ty hgc Ket qud nghien cdu cho thdy, phdn l&n sinh viin trudng Dgi hpc Khoa hpc vdn chua tich cyc khd thy dgng trong qud trinh xdy dyng ki hoaeh hpc tgp Di giup sinh viin tdng cu&ng linh chu dpng trong xdy dyng ki hogch hpc lap, cdn phdi cd sy nd luc tir nhiiu phia: til bdn thdn cda ngu&i hgc lu phuong phdp gidng dgy vd ddnh gid ciia gidng vien din cdng ldc qudn ly cda cdc khoa, phdng ban chue nang trong todn truang
Tir khoa: chd dpng ke hogch hgc tgp, sinh viin
L MO DAU
Xay dung ke hogch Id rapt qua trinh an djnh nhihig muc tilu va xac djnh hign phap tdt nhit de thyc hign dupc nhihig muc tilu do Khoa hpc tam ly su phgm cho rang, de dgt ket qua cao ttong hpc tap, mdi ngudi hpc can phdi biit xdy dung ki hogch hpc tap rieng phu hpp vdi ban than Neu khdng ed ki hoaeh thi khdng ldm chu dupc thdi gian, nhit la khi cd diiu gi bit tiic xdy din [3, tt 43] Do do, vile lap ki hogch la mdt kJ nang hit sfrc quan ttgng va cdn thiit dii vdi mdi ngudi hpc, nhit la ttong ddo tgo theo hpc chi tm chi hiln nay, bdi nd se giiip sinh vien lam vile cd khoa hpc, chu ddng ve thdi gian, xac djnh dupc myc tilu va cd nhfing gidi phap phu hpp di thyc hiln muc tieu dd mpt cdch tdt nhat va dieu do chdc chan se dnh hudng tryc tiip din kit qua hpc tgp cua ho
Tuy nhiln, trin thyc ti, ttong qua ttinh hpc tap, sinh vien trudng Dai hpc Khoa hgc da thyc sy chii ddng, tich cyc ttong vigc xdy dyng ki hogch cho ban than minh hay chua? Nhimg phan tich dudi day sl md td thuc trgng nay va tten ca sd dd dua ra mgt s i giai phap thich hpp nhim giup sinh vien phdt huy tinh chii dpng frong viec lap kl hogch hpc tap, tfr dd gdp phan nang cao chit lupng dao tgo cua Nha trudng Bdi viit ndy dya frln kit qua ciia de tdi nghien cfru
khoa hpc cip so sd "'Thyc trgng vd gidi phdp ndng eao tinh chit dgng ciia sinh vien trong ddo
Trang 2tgo tin chi & truang Dgi hgc Khga hgc Dgi hgc Hui hiin nay" Nghiln cfru dupc thyc hign tgi
trudng Dgi hpc Khoa hpc, Dgi hpc Hui tu thdng 1/2014 din thang 2/2015 Bdng phuong phap chpn mau cum nhilu giai doan frong phan ti'eh xa hpi hpc, nghien cfru nay da tien hanh dilu tra tten 160 sinh viln thuOc 2 khda K36 va K37 ciia 3 khoa: Ngft van, Hda hpc, Khoa hgc mdi trudng va Bp mdn Cdng tac xa hdi
2 NQI DUNG
Vigc xay dyng ki hogch hpc tap bao gdm nhilu hogt ddng, dd khdng chi dan thuan la vile lap thdi gian biiu ma cdn gdm cd cac cong tac chuan bj dl tiip thu bai hpc rtiiu: ddnh thdi gian cho vigc tu hpc; tim phuang phap hpc phii hpp vdi timg mdn hpc; tim dpc giao ttinh, tai lieu do giao vien hudng din; chu ddng dpc tai lieu tham khao; Iln thu viln dpc tai lieu; chuan bj bai trude khi din ldp Nhftng phan tich dudi ddy se md ta cu the vl vile thuc hiln cac hdnh vi nay ciia sinh viln di qua dd tiiiy duoc muc dp chii dpng ciia hp ttong qua trinh xay dyng ke hogch hpe tap
2.1 Danh thoi gian cho vile tu hoc
Hinh thuc td chfrc day hpc frong phuang thfrc tin chi qui djnh hogt ddng ty hpc ciia sinh viln nhu la mpt thdnh phin bat budc ttong thdi khda bieu va la rapt npi dung quan ttpng ciia ddrtii gia kit qua hpc tgp Hogt dpng day - hpc theo tin chi dupc td chfrc theo ba hinh thfrc: len ldp, thyc hanh va ty hpc Trong ba hinh thfrc td chfrc dgy hpc nay, hai hinh thfrc ddu dupc td chfrc cd sy tiip xiic tryc tiip giu^ gidng viln va sinh viln (giang vien gidng bdi, hudng din; smh viln nghe giang, thyc hanh, thyc tap dudi sy hudng ddn cua giang viln ), hinh thfrc thfr ba cd thi khdng cd sy tiip xiic tryc tiip gifta gidng viln va sinh viln (giang viln giao npi dung dl sinh viln ty hpc, ty nghien cuu, ty thyc hanh vd sdn sdng tu vin khi dupc ylu cau) Ba hinh thfrc tl chue dgy hpc tuang frng vdi ba kilu gid tin chi: gid tin chi Iln ldp, gid tin chi thyc hanh va gid tin chi ty hpc
TT
1
2
3
Bang I Hinh thiic t6 chijc thyc hi|n mOt gid tin chi
^Hinh thijrc t6 chiic Ly thuyet Thuc hanh,
—-,4^y hpc thi nghiem,
Gia tin chi """-^^ seminar
Gia Ly thuyet 1
Gia Thuc hatih 2
Gia Tu hpc
Tuhoc Chuan bi Tu nghien ciiu
2
1
3
Teng
3
3
3
(Nguon: Quy che ddo tgo dgi hgc vd cao ddng hi chinh quy theo hg thdng lin chi, ban hdnh theo quyet dinh sd 43/2007/QD-BGDDT ngdy 15 thdng 8 ndm 2007 cHa Bd Gido due vd Ddo tgo)
Tiiy thuOc tinh chit dge thii ciia tfrng mdn hpc (myc tilu, npi dung mdn hpc) md cd cdc hinh thfrc t i chfrc day - hpc khdc nhau C6 nhung mdn hpc chi cd mpt kilu gid tin chi, nhung c6 nhiing mdn hpc cd hai hogc ca ba kiiu gid tin chi Trong mpi trudng hpp, cdng thfrc tinh cho
Trang 3mdi mdn hpc la khdng ddi: 1+0+2 (mdn hpc thuin Iy thuyit); 0+2+1 (radn hpc thuin thyc hanh); 0+0+3 (mdn hpc thuin ty hpc) [1, tt 1-2]
Cach td chfrc thyc hign mot gid tin chi cho chung ta thiy mdt dge diim rit quan ttpng gdp phan tgo nen su khac bilt vdi phuang thfrc ddo tgo tmyln thdng Nlu hogt dpng ty hpc frong hpc chi nien chi chi mang tinh chit tu nguygn thi phuong thfrc dao tao theo hpc chi tin chi coi ty hpc la mpt thanh phin hop phap va bit bu^c phdi cd frong hogt dpng hpc tdp cua sinh
vien BB hpc dupc 1 gid ly thuyit hay 2 gid thyc hanh, thuc tap trin ldp sinh vien cin phai ed 2
hay I gid chuan bj d nhd Dd la yeu ciu bit bupc frong co ciu gid hpc cua sinh viln Vgy, sinh viln trudng Dai hpc Khoa hpc ddnh thdi gian cho vile ty hpc nhy thi nao?
Chihgckhidnthi
Dudi 1 gio/iigay
l-3gidiiaa>-Tir 3-5 sdd/naaj'
Treu 5gio ngay
_^^^^^^ 1 11% j —
1
1
i
0% S% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
Hinh 1 Thai gian sinh viln OTrdng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc ddnh cho viec ty hgc
(Nguon: Kit qud xic ly so liiu khdo sdt nam 2014)
Kit qua-xfr ly sd Hgu d hinh I cho thay, cd 36,9% sinh vien dupc hdi fra ldi ring hp
danh 1-3 gid/ngay dl ty hpc, 30% sinh viln chi hpc khi dn thi, 18,1% hpc tfr 3-5 gid/ngay, 10,6% hpc dudi 1 gid/ngay va chi c6 4,4% dartii tiidi gian tu hpc trin 5 gid/ngay
Theo quy dinh cua hpc chi ti'n chi, cu mdi gid ttin ldp (ly thuylt), sinh viln edn phdi cd
2 gid ty hpc d nha Hiln nay, trung binh mdi ngdy, sinh viln cd 2-3 tilt hpc d ldp, nhu vay, nlu
theo nguyin tdc nay thi smh viln phai ty hpc 4-6 gid/ngdy, nhung theo khao sat ttin thi chi cd
khoang 20% smh viln su dung thdi gian tu hpc mpt each hop ly, cdn phin ddng sinh viln vdn
chua chii ttpng danh thai gian cho vile ty hpe, ty nghien cfru d nha
Dang chu J la cd din 30% sinh vien khi dupc hdi da tra ldi ring, chi khi nao ehuin bj
thi hp mdi bit dau hpc bai Mpt nft sinh viln da phdn dnh: "Vi khdng bi kiim tra ihu&ngxuyin
nen nhieu bgn cd ldm ly y lgi, khdng hge ldc ndy thi hge luc khdc den ky thi hgc cUng khong mudn Cd nhieu bgn cd hge ky khdng chju hgc bdi, din ton ngdy thi m&i hge vgi, hgc vdng, thdm chi khdng them hge bdi, tru&c luc di thi thd sdn ldi lieu vdo phong chip " (Sinh viln, nft, Cdng
tac xd hpi K36) Trong qua trirtii hpc tap, niu sinh viln xac djnh d^ng ea hpc la de thi chu
khdng phdi de ttau ddi kiin thfrc cho ban than thi do chi la d^ng ca ben ngoai, dpng co nay chi
tin tai ttong thdi gian ngdn, khdng cd tinh thiic ddy cao di hudng ngudi hpc vao cac hogt dpng
phu hop va thai dp diing dan, vd tfr do, tat yiu sl din din hg qua la su thiiu chu dpng, thieu tich
ttong qua trinh hpc tap
Trang 4Kit qua khao sat sinh vien d mdt sd trudng dgi hpc khac cung cho kit qua tuong tu, chi
cd 18,3% sinh vien ciia trudng Dgi hpc Cin Tha sfr dyng tu 4-6 gid/ngay di ty hpc [2, fr 76] Han mpt nua sd sinh vien nam nhat trudng Dai hpc Ngoai ngft, Dai hpc Qudc gia Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh khi dupc hdi diu tra Idi ring hp chi hpc bdi trude khi thi [4, tt 37] 55,3% sinh viln trudng Dgi hoc Khoa hpc Xa hpi va Nhan van thanh phi Hd Chi Minh cho biit hp khdng duy tri dupc thdi gian ty hpc trong tuin [9, tt I]
Nhung sd ligu trin da cho thiy ring sy thilu tich cue, ty giac va thgm chi "chdyy",
"phd mac" trong hpc t|p Id mpt tiiyc trang dang tin tgi trong mpt bd phgn khdng nhd sinh viln
hien nay Kiin thuc ciia mii mdn hgc dupc phat ttiin thdng qua nhung tim tdi cua ngudi hpc dudi su hudng din, giiip dd cua giang viln Niu sinh viln khdng ty giac, chu dpng luyen tgp, nghiln cfru thi hp mdi chi linh hdi duoc 1/3 khdi lupng kiin thuc cua mdn hoc va nhu vgy ding nghia vdi vile hp khdng dgt dupc ylu ciu cua mon hpc do va chac chan se anh hudng din kit qua hpc tap
2.2 Lap thdi gian bilu hpc tap
Biiu hign diu tiln ttong xay dyng ki hogch hgc t|p la vile lap thdi gian biiu, Hgc d dai hpc khac vdi each hpc d phd thdng, d dgi hgc thudng khdng cd kiim tta hang ngay, do do, sinh viln phdi ty dgt ki hogch hpc tap cho chinh ban thdn minh va ylu ciu tinh ty giac nghiem tiic thuc hiln kl hogch do
Tnrdc day, frong phuong thuc ddo tao theo niln che, can cfr vao thdi khda bilu, sinh viln tuan thu theo mpt chuong trinh do nha trudng djnh sdn cua timg hpc ky, tfrng nam hgc, timg khoa hpc Hiln nay, khi chuyen sang phuang thfrc dao tao theo tin ehi, kl hoaeh hpc tap cy thi phy thudc vao chinh ban than ngudi hpc Sinh viln cd nhigm vy va quyln dupc lua chgn mon hpc, thai gian hpc, tiin trinh hpc tap nhanh, cham phii hpp vdi dieu kiln ciia minh Neu sinh vien thudng xuyin lap thdi gian bieu cho vile hpc tap mpt each khoa hpc thi hogt dpng hpc
se dgt higu suit cao va dem lai sy thoa man ve tinh than Vi vay, ngudi hpc can phdi su dyng thdi gian mdt each tiit kigm va higu qua, bdng cdch phan phdi cdng vile khoa hpc, hpp IJ
TT
1
2
3
4
5
Bang 2 Miic d5
Muc dp
Thuang xuyen
Thinh thoang
HiSm Idii
Khong bao gia
Tong
Up thai gian bieu hpc t§p cija si:
So luang (nguai)
25
69
54
12
160
ihviSn
Ty IS (%) 15.6 43.1 33.8 7.5 100.0
(Nguon: Kit qud xir ly so ligu khdo sdt nam 2014)
Kit qua bang 2 cho thiy, trong s6 160 sinh vien dupc hdi cd 15,6% thudng xuyen lgp thdi gian biiu cho vile hpc tdp, gin mot nfra (43,1%) ty nhdn rdng minh lam vile nay d mfrc dp thinh tiioang, 33,8% hiim khi tiiyc hiln va 7,5% khdng bao gid lap tiidi gian biiu Khi xfr IJ
Trang 5cung khdng cho thiy sy khdc biet nhiiu Diiu dd da chirng td ring, mdt bd phan dang ke sinh vien trudng Dgi hpc Khoa hpc vdn chua co sy quan tam, chu y diing muc din vile sip xip thdi gian cho qud frirtii hpc tap
Thyc tl, tinh trang nhieu sinh viln hien nay thuc hiln cac nhigm vy hpc tgp cdn mang tinh tuy tiln, ggp dau hpc dd, chua hinh dung dupc toan bp cdng vigc minh dang va se lara nhu thi nao khong chi rieng trong mlu chung tdi khao sat 6 mpt nghien cfru cua tac gia Phgm Cdng Khanh trin 448 sinh viln trudng Dgi hgc Su phgm Ha Npi cfing da cho thiy, chi cd 29,2% sinh viln cho rang minh da lap thdi gian bieu hpc tdp va cd gang thuc hign diing thdi gian biiu [8, tr 2]
Mdt frong nhtmg nguyin nhan ddn den thyc trgng nay phai ki din la tam ly thod man va
can dupc "xd hai" cua nhieu sinh viln khi radi budc chdn vao giang dudng dgi hpc Mpt sinh vien khoa Mdi trudng cho biit: "Hdi hgc 12 bdi lgp nhiiu, ihdy cd kiim tra bdi cii thu&ng xuyen, lgi dp lyc thi cir nin hgc hdnh qud vdt vd Gid vdo dgi hgc rdi nen em cUng ly cho phep minh "chimg " xudng mgt chut, Ihgdi mdi gi& gidc v&i bdn thdn mgt chut Thinh thodng vda ddu hgc ky eung quyit tdm lin th&i gian biiu nhung rdi ly do ndy, ly dg khdc nen hinh nhu cdng chua ihyc hiin duge ngdy ndo " (Sinh viln, nam, Khoa hpc moi trudng, K37)
Bin canh do, cimg vdi vd van ly do khac nhau nfta nin dudng nhu dii vdi khdng it sinh viln, lgp thai gian bilu cho vigc hpc tap da bi xem nhe, thdm chi khdng quan tdm Mpt nft smh
khoa Cdng tac xa hdi bay td: " Cho din hien tgi Id sinh viin ndm ihu 3 nhung ndi thi^t la minh vdn ty hgc theo cdm hdng nhiiu han Id len thai gian biiu di hgc, viic lgp ih&i gian bieu ihir&ng
dp dung khi sdp t&i ky Ihi thdi" (Sinh viln, nu, khoa Cdng tac xa hgi, K36)
Va he qua ciia vigc khdng sdp xip, phan chia thdi gian hpc tgp se ddn din tinh trang rat
nhiiu sinh vien "nu&c din chdn m&i nhay", trude khi thi hpc vpi vang, gap nit khiln cho bdn thdn cam thiy cdng thing, met mdi, thai gian khdng du, tit yiu sl ''nh& khdng sdu, hiiu khong ky" "hgc tru&c quen sau" va nhung kien thfrc da hpc khd cd thi giiip smh vien dgt ket qua cao
frong hpc tgp vd vdn dyng vdo thyc tiin Hem tiii nua, kieu hpc nhoi nhet do cdn gay ra tinh
tigng "lie chi ty vi " lam nay sinh tdm trgng chan ghet hpc tap d sinh viln
23 Lua ebon phvong phap hoc phii hop
Khii Iupng kien thfrc giang day d bgc dai hpc la vd cimg ldn, phuang phap gidng dgy
va mdi ttardng hpc tap cung khac xa bgc hpc pho thdng Vi vgy, sinh viln phai chii dgng trong vile tim ra cho rainh cdch thfrc, phuang phdp hpc hilu qud, tu dd, giiip hp dl dang ban frong viec tiip thu kiin thfrc, iim tdi, khdm pha di chiim linh tri thuc Nlu ngudi hpc tim dupc phuang phap hpc d6ng se tao cho hp long ham hpc, khoi day tilm ndng von cd frong mdi ngudi, lam cho kit qua hpc tap tang Iln
Mdi mdn hpc cd nhung yeu cau khdc nhau vdi nhirng myc tilu khac nhau Do dd, de
Trang 6nang lyc, dilu kiln ciia ban than va phu hop vdi timg mdn hpc di cd cdch thuc hanh dpng phii hpp nhim dat myc tilu hogt ddng hpc
Khdng bao gio ,50/ ^^TTw Thuong xuyen
Thmh thoang 40%
Hinb 2 Mfrc dg lua chgn phuang phap hgc phii hgp vdi tung mdn hgc ciia smh vien
(Ngudn • Kit qud xit ly sd lieu khdo sdt ndm 2014)
Kit qua d hinh 2 cho thdy, cd din 15% sinh viln dupc hdi ttd ldi rang hp klidng bao gid chu dpng tun ra phuang phap hpc pliii hpp vdi timg mdn hpc, 19,4% thyc hiln hanh dpng nay d mfrc dp hiim khi, 40% thinli thoang va 25,6% sinh viln thudng xuyin thyc hiln hdnh d^ng ndy
Nhu vgy, cd khodng V* sinh vien thara gia khdo sat vdn chua thuc su chu dpng, tich cyc tim ra
cho minh nhung phuang phap hpc hieu qua, phii hpp vdi tfrng radn hpc Ket qua xfr ly tuang quan cung khdng cho thdy rd sy klidc nhau vl viec tim phuong phap hpc tap phii hpp vdi tiing mdn hpc d cac nhdm sinh viln khac nhau
Sd lieu dilu tra tiiyc ti nay cung tuong ty vdi ket qua ciia rapt nghien cfru d trudng Dgi hpc Su pham Ha Ndi, khi khao sat nay cho biet cd den 64% sinh vien cdn mo ho ve phuong phdp hpc vd chi cd 36% cho rang minh da tim dupc nhimg phucmg phap hpc phii hpp vdi dac dilra nh|n thue eiia ca nhdn [8, fr 2]
Qua trinh hpc t|p se thilu khoa hpc va khdng hilu qua nlu sinh viln khdng bilt ty tim cho minh mot phuong phap hgc tap hpp Iy hogc chi bilt su dyng rapt phuong phdp hpc duy nhat
ap dyng cho tat cd cac mdn hpc Vi vgy, frong dao tgo tin chi, sinh viln can phai chu dOng, linh hogt tim ra phucmg phap hgc sao cho phu hpp vdi timg mdn hpc cy the, phu hpp vdi dieu kiln
va chinh kha nang ciia ban tiian, cd nhu vay, vile hpc mdi dat kit qua cao
2.4 Doc giao trinh, tai lilu tham khao
N.C.Tsecnusepsxki nhdn mgnh ''Khoa hgc Id & irong sdch vd trgng lao dgng ty lyc ciia ehinh minh bd ra de tiep thu dirge nhiiu tri thuc tit trong eugc sdng vd trong nhiing sdch v& dy" Cd thii tudng Phgm Van Ddng cung dd timg ndi: "Cdi quan trgng khdng phdi Id tri thdc ngu&i thdy mang den chg ngu&i hge md la nhiing sdch nag md ngu&i thdy dd chi eho hg " [5, fr
51] Dpc tai lieu la ca sd ciia vl^c hpc tap, sinh vien khdng thi lihh hpi tri thuc mpt cdch khoa hpc, cd he thdng, toan diln, sdu sic va vung chdc niu khdng nghien cfru sach
Trang 7Dl tim hiiu tinh chii dpng ciia sinh viln trong vigc nghien cfru gido trinh, tai lilu, tac gia da khao sdt d 3 dgng hdnh vi: dpc giao trinh, tai lieu do giang viln hudng ddn; tim dpc thim cdc tai lilu tham khao vd tin suit Iln thu viln dpc/raupn tai lieu hpc tap
* Dge gidg trinh, Idi lieu dg gidng viin hu&ng ddn
Tai lieu, sach vd d bgc dgi hpc cilng do sp nhu khdi lupng kiln thfrc cdn tiip thu Nhim giiip sinh viln nam vftng npi dung mdn hpc, sau mdi bai giang, sau moi phin ciia chuong ttinh day hpc va ciia mdi mdn hpc, giao viln thudng chi ra nhiing van dl cdn giai quyit, cin suy nghT, tim hiiu sau ban va ylu ciu sinh viln tim dpc ttong gido frinh, dpc tiilm cdc tai Ueu tham khdo, hogc cfing cd khi giao vien chi ra tin cudn sdch, thgm chi nhfing npi dung gi cin dpc, trang phdi dpc va nin dpc
Tu nhiing nhigm vu nay, sinli vien phdi tim ra sach va itiifing tdi lieu cd liln quan di hoan thdnh nhfing yeu cau do Tai lieu ma gido vien ylu cau dpc dupc coi nhu diiu kign bit budc dl dam bao tinh he thdng va gliip smh vien hieu sdu hem vl mdn hpe, vl bai gidng md giao viln da trinh bay
Bdng 3 Muc dd dge gido truih, tai lieu ciia sinh vien (%)
_ _ 11- L • Tiiudng Thinh Hiera Khdng _ ;
TT H a n h v i „ * ^, - -T Tong
xuyin thoang khi bao gio ^
1 Dpc giao trinh, tdi lilu do giang
viln hudng ddn 27,7 40,8 23,1 8,1 100
2 Tun dpc thim cac tai lieu tham
khao 18,0 41,9 28,7 11,4 100
3 Lin thu viln muon/doc tai lilu
hpc tap 23^0 32,9 31,9 11,6 100
(Ngudn: Kil qud xd ly so li?u khdo sdt ndm 2014)
Kit qua xfr IJ sd lieu d bang 3 cho tiiiy, chi cd 27,7% suih vien tiiyc hiln hanh vi ndy d mfrc thudng xuyin, cdn phin ldn, sinh viln lam vile nay theo cdm hfrng, liic cd Mc khdng (40,8% cho ring hp chi tiimh thoang mdi tim dpc tai lieu do gido viln hudng ddn, 23,1% thyc hiln d muc hiira khi) Dac biet, cd 8,1% sinh viln khong bao gid dpe tai lieu do giao viln hudng dan
Thdng tm tfr phdng vin sdu da cho tiiiy ro han vi diiu nay ''Thdy cd eiing cd gi&i thiiu ldi liiu vi nhd eho lui em dge nhung & lop em thi eOng ehi ed mgt vdi bgn lim dge thdi, cdn nhiiu bgn vdn lu&i dge sdch Niu mdn ndc thdy cd khd thi edn cd md tim dge, cdn nhimg mdn ndo md di di thi hdu nhu khdng dge ludn " (Sinh viln, nara, Cdng tdc xa hgi K37) Mot so giang vien cung phdn anh vl thyc frgng "lu&i" dpc ciia sinh viln "Sinh viin hiin nay nhiiu em rdt lu&i dge sdch eo nhiiu hdm minh dd dgn ky Id vi nhd nhd phdi dge ldi ligu ndo, tir Irang nao din Irang ndo, ihi md den budi hoc sau hdi thi hdu nhu rat il cdc bgn tim dge Cd mgt so ldp minh phdi cho sinh viin nghi ludn budi hgc do vi khdng chiu dge sdeh" (Giang vien, nu,
Khoa Ngft vdn)
Trang 8Ro rang, mpt hanh vi ma ddi vdi ngudi hpc dudng nhu la diiu kign ^"-cdn" nhu vgy
nhung phin Idn sinh viln frong mdu khao sat vdn td ra dfrng dung va h quan tara, diiu nay da
phan anh phan nao thdi dp thilu tich cyc va thoi quen "lu&i" dge ciia khdng it sinh viln hiln
nay
* Tim dge thim ede tdi liiu tham khdg
Sau khi dpc giao trinh va nhiing tai lieu bdt budc, sinh viln cin dpc thim nhung sdch tham khdo vi trong dd se cung cap cho ngudi hpc nhung luan cfr bd sung, nhfing vi du minh hga giup ngudi hpc md rpng them kiln thfrc, hilu sau ban vl van de dang hpc, ddng thdi no cdn giiip ngudi hpc phdt hiln thim nhung quan diim khac va sy vile mdi ddi vdi nhiing vdn di dang hpc, dang nghien cfru
Kit qua xfr ly so lilu d bang 2 cho thiy, cd 11,4% sinh vien khdng bao gid dpc tdi lieu tham khao, phin ldn sinh viln dupc hdi diu ty danh gid minh thyc hign hanh vi nay d mfrc thinh thoang (41,9%), va hiim khi (28,7%), chi cd 18% sinh vien thudng xuyin ehu dpng tun dge thim cac tai lieu tham khdo
Mpt khi ma gido frinh bit budc smh viln cdn chua chju dpc thi vi^c chu dgng dpc them tai lilu tham khao cd le la mgt hanh vi kho thyc hiln Sd Hgu fren da chfrng td ring, phan ldn
sinh viln trudng Dai hpc Khoa hpc hiln rit "lu&i" dpc thim sach, tai ligu de md rpng kiln thfrc, ddo sdu suy nghi Mdt nu sinh viln cho biit "Em chu yeu hgc trong gidg trinh vd bdi gidng cua thdy cd Cd nhiiu bgn l&p em cdn khdng chiu mua gido trinh di hgc nda chu ndi chi la dge thim sdeh, ldi lieu khdc" (Sinh vien, nu, Hoa hgc K36) Mpt giang viln ciing phan anh ring:
"Viec sd ddng sinh vien minh il dge ed nhiiu nguyin nhdn chit quan vd khdch quan Nhung ndi chung hg rdt thy dgng trong viic dge Thy ddng boi sinh vien chi dge khi duge gidng vien yeu cdu thuyit trinh ve mgt di tdi, viil mdt bdi tiiu ludn hogc khi dugc khuyen khieh b&i mgt ngu&i khdc vi mgt cudn sdch hay ndo do, liic chi khi bi dp ehi hogc dugc truyin cho niem lin thi hg moi do xd di dge Hg chua cd ihdi quen dge mdt each chU dgng, dge theg nhu cdu hgge s& thick " (Giang vien, nft, khoa Ngft van)
Khdng cd nhu cdu va khdng chju khd tim dpc sach, tai li$u dudng nhu la mdt thyc tl chung cua sinh viln nhiiu trudng dai hpc, cao dang hign nay Rat nhiiu nghiln cfru da cho thay dilu nay, frong m^t dilu tta vl hoat ddng ty hpc ciia sinh viln ttudng Dgi hpc Tdn Dfrc Thdng,
tac gia Nguyin Duy Tam cfing da chi ro: "Mac dii sdch tham khdo da dugc gidng vien hu&ng ddn cy the & timg ngi dung bdi hgc nhung khi dugc hdi vi vi^c ndy, sd ddng sinh vien deu lung tiing 85% chg rdng hg "cd dge " nhung ehi mgt sd cudn sdch chuyen ngdnh khi phdi thuyit trinh, bdo edo hay ldm bdi kiem tra, 15% con lgi cho rdng hg khdng dge ldi lieu tham khdo" [7,
tt 1] Tuong ty, kit qua khao sat fren sinh viln trudng Dgi hpc Su pham Ha Ndi cung cho thay,
cd 41,1% sinh vien hpc chii yiu tfr vd ghi, giao frinh va it cd thdi gian tim dpc rtiiirng tai lieu tham khdo; 31,4% so sinh viln dupc khao sat cho ring cac chien lupc hpc ciia minh hudng vdo viec ndm kiln thuc hon la phat friln cac nang lyc tu duy [8, tt I]
Trang 9* Lin thu viin dgc/mugn ldi liiu hge lgp
Hai nhilm vu chinh cua bit ki mgt trudng Dgi hpc nao cung la day hpc dl truyin ba tri
thfrc va nghiln cuu khoa hpc dk sang tgo ra tri thfrc mdi, cd hai nhigm vy nay diu cd liln quan
mat thiet din Thu vign
Sinh viln len ldp hpc tap, bin cgnh giao frinh chinh thfrc bit bupc phai cd, gidng viln con ylu ciu ngudi hpc tham khao mpt sd lupng ldn tai lieu khac cd lien quan din mdn hoc di
md mang rtiian thfrc, bao gdm ca tdi lieu in va tai lieu tren mgng Chdc chin sinh viln sl khdng
du kha nang tdi chinh di mua tit ca ve tham khao Va khi do, thu viln se la neri eung cdp diy du cho ngudi hpc ngudn sdch vd vd cd hg thong mdy ti'nh ndi mgng di truy cap tim tdi ligu khi cin tiiiit Khdng chi sinh viln, ngay ca giang viln trong qua ttinh giang dgy cung diu phai tim din
thu vien de tham khdo cdc tai lieu cd lien quan Vd hmh chung, boat dpng dgy hpc gifta giang
viln va sinh viln se khdng diln ra tdt dgp niu khdng cd su tiip sfrc ciia thu vien
Kit qua khao sat d bang 2 cho thiy, cd 11,6% sinh vien khdng bao gid Iln thu vien dgc/mupn tdi lieu; 31,9% hiim khi, 32,9% thinh thoang va chi cd 23% smh viln len thu viln dgc/mupn tai ligu hpc tap mdt each thudng xuyin
Khi sinh vien cdn "/WOT" dpc sach, gido ttinh, chua tich cyc tim xem cac tai li|u tham
khao nhu da chi ra d trin thi vile hp it chii dOng din thu vign mupn cac tai lieu dk phyc vu cho vile hpc la mpt dilu dl hilu Mot giang viln cho bilt: "Dge sdch chua Id thdi quen cua da sd sinh vien hiin nay vd thu viin vdn chua phdi Id nai sinh vien thu&ng xuyin lim din di bd sung kien thiic Ihdng thu&ng, khi gido vien yeu cdu thuyet trinh, ldm de tdi thi sinh viin m&i din thu viin mugn sdch, cdn khi xong viee thi khoi den" (Giang vien, nam, khoa Hod hgc)
Mpt khao sat vl thyc trang sfr dung tiiu viln cua sinh vien trudng Dgi hpc Khoa hpe Xa hgi va Nhan van thanh phd Hd Chi Minh cQng da phan dnh kit qud tuang tu Trong 250 sinh viln dupc hdi, chi cd 27,4% sinh vien thudng xuyin Iln tiiu vign, cdn lgi phan ldn la thinh thodng hogc rdt it khi len thu vien Dang chii y Id ed din 17,8% sinh viln khdng djnh ring minh chua bao gid len thu viln [6, fr I] Hay d trudng Cao ding Su phgm Gia Lai, noi cd hon 2.700
sinh viln dang theo hpc, cung "ehi cd han 100 lugl sinh vien din Ihu vien cua tru&ng nidi ngdy, ngdy thi cd khd han mgt chut, co 200-300 lugt sinh vien dge Nhu vdy, & th&i diim ddng nhdt, ty
li cdng chi chua den 10%" {S,ti 1]
DT nhien, cung cd nhieu nguyen nhan khiln hiln nay, sinh vien cd tdm ly ludi den thu viln dpc/raupn sach Dau tiln phai ki din la ngay nay van hda nghe nhin da lan at van hda dpc Cac thiit hi nghe nhin hiln dai nhu: dien thoai di dpng, may nghe nhac MP3, may xem phim MP4, internet- dang rat phi bien va tiip can sau rpng trong gidi fre Su tien ich ciia cac
phuong tien frln da lam cho sinh viln ddn din ludi dpc sach Nhiiu sinh vien cho ring: "Tdt ed ndm & internet, eu "enter " se ed tdt cd, khong cdn phdi tra ciru sdeh " (Sinh viin, nam, Hda hge K37) Nguyen nhan thu hai khiln nhiiu smh viln quay lung vdi vdn hda dpc Id sy ban rpn Hpc,
lam them, giai tri va ca thai gian di lam rit nhieu vile khong tin khae nua da chiim hit quJ
Trang 10thdi gian ciia hp Dpc chap va d ddu dd hoac copy nhimg bai viit cd sdn tfr internet khi lam bdi
la mpt thyc ti dang diln ra phd biin trong smh viln hiln nay Mot nguyin nhdn nfta la do cdch hpc tu thdi ky hpc phd thdng cho din dgi hpc, cao ding chua tao cho sinh viln thdi quen dpc sach Cach hpc theo man rap khudn, khd ciing, gd bd, dgy hpc theo kiiu dpc chip da trilt tilu nhu ciu, kha nang dpc sach cua sinh viln Ben canh dd, co sd vdt chit cua thu viln cung nhu thai dp cua thii thu va gid giac hogt ddng cua thu viln chua hpp IJ cung la nhimg nguyin nhan anh hudng din vile sinh vien hfrng thii den thu vien mupn, dge sdch
Vin biit ring, trong thdi dai cdng nghg thdng tin phat triin nhu hiln nay, ngodi thu vign, sinh viln cd thi lya chpn kinh thdng tm tfr nhimg ngudn khdc nhau TbI nhung, cho dii phuong tiln nghe nhin hiln dgi den ddu cfing khdng thi thay thi cho vile dpc sdch cua con ngudi Van hda dpc vfra la each tiip can tiidng tm, each hpc tap, ITnh hpi tri thuc bin vfing, vua
Id mgt net vdn hda lau ddi gan lien vdi con ngudi Saeh ludn la ngudi thdy vT dgi, ngudi ban trung thanh va gdn gfri nhat cua con ngudi Chdc chdn ring, sl khdng ed sinh viln khdng dpc sdch ma cd kiln thfrc sau rdng va giau edc ky nang hpc tap cfing itiiu kJ ndng song Do do, nlu
qud Igm dyng nhfrng kinh thdng tin khac, neu "lu&i" dpc, sinh vien se bo Id m^t kho tang tri
thfrc rdt cd gia frj tfr ngudn sach tham khao
2.S Chuin bi bai trude khi den Idp
Chuan bj bdi tnrdc khi den Idp, bao gom ca viec dn lai bai cQ va chuan bj bai mdi, la cdng vigc rat can thiet doi vdi qua frinh hpc Viec chuan b; cho bai hpc sap tdi bang tai ligu hgc tgp da cd hay bdng cac phan ghi tnrdc se giiip cho ngudi hpc dl dang nam bdt dupc frpng tam
va nhanh chdng tiep thu bai hpc mdi Ngoai ra, cung bang each chudn bj nhu vdy, sl tao dilu kiln cho ngudi hoc sap xep lgi ndi dung bai giang mot each trpng tara theo each riing ciia minh, ddng thdi lam tang hfrng thu hgc tap
Thyc ti, sinh viln Dai hpc Khoa hpc da thyc hiln viec chuan bj bai trude khi den ldp nhu till nao?
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10% li I I Tliudngxii>-ai Tlilnltthodng Hieinklii Klidngbaogio
Hinh 3 Muc dd sinh vien chudn bj bdi trude khi din ldp
(NguSn: Kit qud xii ly sd ligu khdo sdt ndm 2014)