TAP Cii PIAT T K R KiaCIII, TAP W,S0K2 2018 ac dong cua tiF hpc den k§t qua hpc tap cua sinh vien nganh Song ngu'''' Nga Anh, Tru''''cyng Dai hpc Khoa hpc Xa hpi va Nhan van, Dai hpc Qu6c gia TP H 6 Chf Min[.]
Trang 1ac dong cua tiF hpc den k§t qua hpc tap
cua sinh vien nganh Song ngu' Nga - Anh,
Tru'cyng Dai hpc Khoa hpc Xa hpi va Nhan van, Dai hpc Qu6c gia TP H 6 Chf Minh
• B i l l N g o c Q u a n g
Tnrorng Bai hpc Khoa hcjc )(a hOi va Nhan van, BHQG-HCM
T 6 M TAT:
Bii viit di trinh bdy (1) cdc quan diim vi
vin di tir hQC, (2) phin tieh dinh gii tic dang
cia nhin thirc, thdi di, phirong phip tir hoc
din kit qui hoe tip cua sinh viin ngdnh Song
Tir khda: tdc ddng, tir hoc, kit qui hoc tip
I Cic quan diem ve v i n de t y hpc
Nhflng quan didm v i vin de ty hgc cua sinh
vien (SV) d i dugc nhieu hgc gia, nhi khoa hgc, nhi
giio dye Uen t h i gidi thio lufn, nghien ciru i^
til da nghien cim v i lya chgn xiy dyng khung ly
Uiuyit nghidn cim dya uen ba trucmg phii/quan
diem ciia ba nhi nghien cuu chinh sau diy: ( I )
Philip Benson hifn l i Phd giio su eua Vifn Giio
dye Hong Kdng l i tic g i i cua cudn "Giing dpy v i
nghien cim van de ty hgc Uong vifc hgc nggpi
ngfl"' (2001) v i l i tic gia va ddng tic g i i cua nhieu
cudn sich v i t>ii bio lien quan tdi vin de ty hgc; (2)
Rebecca L Oxford l i giao su, tiin si nginh Tim ly
hgc giig dye trucmg Dpi hgc North Carolina (My),
cic nghidn ciru v i chiin luge hgc t i p cua b i da lim
"thay ddi cich dpy ngdn ngii uen t h i gidi" v i (3)
Lev S Vygotsky l i nhi tim ly hpc ngudi Nga,
ngucri sing Ifp ra Ly ihuyel vdn hda xd hgi
(Sociocultural Theory)
ngir Nga-Anh, Tnrdng DH KHXH&NV, DHQG-HCM vi qua dd, (3) S xuat mpt so gai md nhim gdp phin ning cao ning lire tir hgc cCia sinh viin
Theo Benson (2001)" v i f c t y hpc hay nang lyc
t y hpc, t u chit u o n g hpc tpp ciia ngucri hpc chi nay sinh v i cd k i t q u i hpc t i p tdt k h i ngudi hpc u y c
t i f p tham gia v i o hopt dgng hpc t i p , m d i Uudng hgc tpp T i c gia cho r i n g , n i u mgt hopt dgng hgc tpp dugc thiet kd tdt Uii b i t ky SV n i o k h i Uiam gia
v i o hopt dgng hpc tpp dd cflng se tpo dugc n i n g lyc
t y hpc tdt Nghla l i , neu Idp hpc dugc c h u i n bj day
du phucmg t i f n hcpc tpp n h u sach v d , t i i l i f u , b i n g dia phfl hgp vdi sd Uiich v i u i n h dp thi SV se hgc
tpp mgt dch tu dgng (autgngmously) N h u vpy, de
n i n g cao n i n g lyc t y hgc cho ngudi hgc, giang vien ( G V ) va n h i u u d n g c i n t d chirc n h i i u hopt dgng
n g o i i Idp va hudng dan SV t g hgc Tuy nhien, de hopt dgng t y hgc ciia SV dpt dugc nhihig h i f u qua nhu mong m u i n , ddi hdi mdi Uuimg v i hopt dgng hgc tpp m i ngudi hgc tham gia phai cd nhflng i n h hudng tdt ddi vdi n i n g lyc t y hpc cua SV
' od tfn u ^ Anh l i Teaching and researching aulonom> in
languaiBC learning
' Benson P Teaching and researching autonomy m language learning- Longmaa t.ondon (20011
Trang 2Theo Oxford (2003r\ viec tu hoc ty chu uong
hpc tap cua ngudi hpc chi nay sinh v i phit Uien do
yiu td tim ly ciia chinh ban Uian ngudi hpc, chir
khdng phii do yiu td mdi trudng tic ddng nhu quan
diim da d i cpp d udn cua Benson (2001) Ly luan
cua quan diim niy bit diu tir ban chat hieu ky trdi
sinh cua con ngudi Tir khi mdi dugc sinh ra, con
ngucri ludn cd nhu ciu tim hieu ve Uie gidi xung
quanh Tuy nhien phuong each tim hieu cd the
khdng giong nhau, nhung ngudi thich may md, ty
hpc tu nhieu ngudn khic nhau de nang cao kien
thirc, cin cd ning lyc ty hc?c cao hon
Vygotsky (1986)* da dua khia cpnh xa hpi cua
vifc hgc vio Hgc thuyel kien tgo (ConsUuctivism
Theory) Ve co bin day l i mpt hpc thuydt dya trfn
sy quan sit v i nghien cim khoa hpc nhim Ua ldi
cho cau hdi: "Con ngudi hgc nhu Uie nio?" Hpc
thuyit niy cho ring, con ngudi kien tpo nhung sy
hieu biet v i tri Uiirc v i the gidi thdng qua Uai
nghifm v i phan inh Khi ddi mit vdi mpt difu mdi
me, chung ta phai diiu img nd vdl nhunj y tucing
v i kinh nghifm cd tu trudc Cung cd the nd se thay
ddi nhflng diiu ma ta ^ tin tuiimg hoJc lopi bd
chflng vl khdng cdn thich ding nita Trong bat cir
Uudng hgp nio, chung ta that sy l i nhflng nhi kidn
tpo ui thuc cho chinh ban thin De lim dugc dieu
niy thi can dua ra nhimg nghi vin, khim phi va
danh gia cai m i chiing ta d i biet Hpc thuyet nay
dugc coi l i ly thuyit cua nhpn thirc hon la ly thuyit
cua ui thirc vi nd phai dugc xiy dyng mgt cich tich
cyc bdi chinh moi ngudi hpc chu 'kiin thirc khdng
the thim nhpp vao ngucri hgc thu dpng"
(Glasersfeld, 1989: 162)' Ben cpnh viee dua khia
' Oxrord R L "Toward a more sy^lemalic model of L2 learner
aulonomy" In D Palfreyman & R Smith (lids.) Learner
amonomy across culhirrs language education perspecinv.'i Jlp
75-91 Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan (20O3)
' Vygotsky L S Thought and language (A Kozulin Trans
ed ) M I T Press Cambriclge (19861
* Glasersfeld E V "Conslniclivism in Hducalion'' In T Huscn
& N Postlcthwaite (Eds) The International Encyclopaedia of
lUlucaiion Su|ipement Vol.1, pp 162-163 Oxford Pergamon
Press (1989)
cpnh \a hgi ciia vifc hgc vio Hgc thuyel kien Igo, Vygotsky cdn sing tpo ra 1> thuyet v i Vimg phat triin gdn (Uie Zone of Proximal Development
-ZPD) Trong ly Uiuyet niy dng chia k h i ning hgc hdi cua ue em thinh ba vflng: ( I ) nhflng vifc/kiin Uiirc tre cd the ty lim/hgc dugc bing k h i ning ciia mlnh, (2) nhflmg vieckien thirc Ue cd t h i lim/hgc dugc vdi sy giup dd ciia ngudi Icm v i (3) nhDmg viec/kien thirc ue hoan toan chua tiif ty lim/hpc dugc Day la mot ly thuyet quan Ugng v i khi pho bien uong nganh khoa hgc x i hpi Chinh vi the quan diem nay phit trien mpnh me va dugc su dyng rpng rai Uong nhieu tinh hudng nghien cuu khic nhau Do tap Uung vio moi tuong tic giu:a c i nhin
va mdi trudng, nhirng nghien ciru ve nJng lyc ty hpe Uieo quan diem nay ludn nhin nhpn van de rat linh hoat Nhimg phuong phap dung de ning cao/bdi dirdng nang lyc ty hgc Uong cic nghifn cim lopi nay rat chii upng den cic vin df ve dieu kifn sdng, phong tuc tap quan, thdi quen, ldi suy nghT ciia nguoi hpc d tung tinh huong cy thf
Sau khi nghien cim ba quan diem uen vf van dc
ty hpc chung tdi thiy ring, quan diem cua Benson nhin mpnh tim quan Upng cua mdi Uudng hgc tap,
quan diem cua Oxford de cao cac dJc diem tSm V/
cua ngudi hgc, trong khi quan diem cua Vygotsky lpi coi Upng sy tuong tac giii-a mdi trucmg hpc tfp
va cac dpc diem tam ly cua mgt c i nhan Ucng qui uinh phit Uien ning lyc ty hc;>c ciia ngudi do Do dc
t i i chi gidi hpn nghien ciru ba yeu to ctia van de ty hgc lien quan chinh tdi ban than moi ngudi hpc chung toi da xay dyng md hinh nghien ciru sau dya tren ba quan diem uen de tim hieu tic ding ciia cic yeu td nhu nhpn thirc, Uiai dp v i phuong phip ty hpe ddi vdl ket qua hpc tap ciia SV:
Trang 3Scr do I Md hlnh
Co sd xiy dyng md hinh nghien cim uen dya
Uen quan diem v i ty hpc cua Benson, Oxford
Vygotsky v i md hinh tic dpng co djnh FE (Fixed
Effect) bdi 3 nhan td duge xic djnh uong nghien
cuu niy la nhpn thirc, thai dg va phucmg phap ty
hpc den ket qua hgc tap cua SV, day la mdt dpng
md rpng cua md hlnh hdi quy tuyen tinh cd dien v i
trong nghien cim niy tic gia da sir dung cy the md
hinh phin tich nhan t i khim pha EFA' d i phan tich,
nghien eim tic dgng cua 3 nhin td uen, dugc xic
djnh bdi cdng thirc: F, = WnX, + W.^X, + W,,X, +
• + W i X i (Irong dd F, la ude lupmg cua nhin to
thu i W, l i quyfn sd hay trgng so nhin td tire he sd
tai nhan, X la bien sd va k l i sd biin) Tuy nhien
can ndi Uiem ring, ket qui hpc tpp cua SV la kit
qua cua rat nhieu \eu to tic dpng, nhu theo quan
diem ciia Vygotsky la gia dinh, thiy cd, ban be, nha
trudng x i hgi v i die bift la chinh nang lyc v i sy
no lyc ciia bin Uiin ngucri hpc m i chung tdi mudn
ndi den thdng qua kit qua nghien cim nay
2 Ket qua nghien cihi
Z.I Thdng tin chung ve kel qua nghien cuu
Npi dung bang hdi khio sit v i tac dpng cua
nhpn thiic thii dp v i phuong phip ty hpc cua S\'
" LFA viel lit cualu U^V \nh '^xploralor\-Factor Anatvu.^
nghidn cim cua de t i i nginh Song ngfl Nga - Anh gdm 22 cau hdi dugc chia lam 3 de myc chinh, gdm: ( I ) phan hdi ve nhpn Uiirc ty hpc, (2) phan hdi ve thai dp ty hpc v i (3) phan hdi ve phuong phip ty hpc Ngoai ra, cdn cd 9 ciu hdi khic lien quan den thdng tin chung ve ngudi Ua Idi nhim thu thpp them thdng tin cho nhung ciu hdi md Thdng tin thu ve dugc tdng hpp, phin lopi de lam uich din nhim lim sing rd them vin de nghien ciru
Trong hgc ky II nim hgc 2012-2013 tic gia da khao sat 100% SV dang Uieo hgc nginh Song ngit Nga - Anh tai Trudng DH KHXH&NV, DHQG-HCM Qua dgt khio sat, sd phiiu Uiu ve l i 269 uen tdng sd 294 phiiu phit ra, chiim 91.5% Trong ting
sd 269 phieu thu ve chira Uidng tin phan h i i ciia SV
cd 265 phiiu hgp If chiim 98.5% v i 4 phiiu khdng hgp If chiim 1,5% Phin phan tich thong ke dudi diy dugc quy ddi theo ty If 265 = 100%
Ty If SV tra Icri phifu khio sit theo hpc cac nim
la khic nhau do sd lugng SV moi Idp l i khic nhau
Cu Uie, SV theo hgc nam diu nhit l i 75 SV (chiim 28,3%), nim Uiu hai l i 51 SV (chiem 19.2%), nim thir ba la 49 SV (chiim 18,5%), nim thir tu la 38
SV (chiem 14,3%) v i nim thir nam la 52 SV tham gia Ua Idi khao sit (chiem 19,6%) Vi d}c thu tuyen
Trang 4KEKE t TECIMIKT KfaKMBT Vil 11, HUZ-ZIW
sinh nginh Song ngir Nga - Anh li khdi D, ndn so
lugng SV nfl chiim da sd (chiim 86%) li mgt diiu
de ly giii
Trong ting sd 243/265 SV Ui Idi v i sd gid ty
hgc Uung binh mdt ngiy Uong man (xem Bieu do
1), so gid ty hgc Uong ngiy tfl- 2 den 3 gid la nhieu
nhit (vdi 87 SV tta Idi, chiim 35,9%); ke den li tir
3 din dudi 4 gid (vdi 59 SV Ui Idi, chiim 24,2%); sau do la tir 4 gid din dudi 5 gid (vdi 46 SV Ui Icri, chiim 19%); sd SV dinh Uicri gian Uung binh ty hpc Ufn 5 gid mgt ngiy/tuin chiem IZ3% vdi 30 SV
Ui Icri; cudi cflng li tu hgc dudi 2 gid chifm ty If thip nhit (8,6%)
120
Tir 5 gUr Uir lfn
Kft qua hgc tap cua SV dugc tinh Uung binh
chung diem trong 2 hgt ky gan thdi diem dugc
khau sat, phan inh phin nao qui Uinh ty hpc cua
SV
Tir 1 gid din Tir 2 gtd d ^ Tir 3 gidr din Tir 4 gid din
di/di2gid ducri 3 giir dudi 4 giir dirdiSgid
Biiu d i 1 s i gid tu hgc tnmg binh mdt ngiy eda sirUi vien Qua si) Hfu thing ke thu dugc, kit qua vi thdi
gian ty hgc Uung binh li khoing 3 gid/ngij, nghla
li mgt hiin, SV nginh Song ngfl Nga - Anh dinh
Uidi gian ty hgc khoang 21 gid/min Trong khi do
Uieo kit qui nghien cim cua Td Minh Thanh (2011:
S3)', "so gid ty hgc Uung binh cua SV (toin trudng)
dinh cho 41 mdn hgc dugc khio sit li 5,8
gid/min" Nhu vpy, cd thi ly giii ring, do khoi
lugng kien thirc mdn hge ciia nginh song ngii nhiiu
vi ning, ddi hdi SV phii ty hgc rit cao ndn sd gid
ty hgc cua SV nginh Song ngu Nga - Anh li rit
ldn, Idn hon nhiiu so vdi SV cic nginh khic Ugng
trudng
Tft Mmh Thanh Hoai dpng lv hpc oja sinh vien Truimg t)»i
hpc Khoa hpc X I h^i vi Nhan vin Irong dio l«o Iheo hpc chi Un
dii: lli«n trang vi giii pliip De lii nghidn cuu khoa hpc dp m
Iliu6ng.l)201l-I8bm2
Biiu d i 2 x i p lopi hgc Ivc Uung binh chung
giila 2 hgc ky
Traai « 8
Trang 5Qua so lifu thing ke Uong Biiu dd 2, ta Uiiy
hpc lyc Uung b'mh cua SV dao dgng nhieu d mirc
irung binh khd (43,8%) v i iWra (33,2%) Sy hai long
cua SV so vcJi kit qui hgc tap mong dgi la rat thip,
chi cd khoang 10,9% SV Uiam gia ua Icri la d mirc
hai long va hoan loan hii Idng, Uong khi do cd tdi
53,2% SV Ua Idi d mirc khdng hdi Idng vi hodn
loan khdng hai Idng v i chi cd 35,8% SV tgm hdi
long vdi kit qui hgc tpp mi mlnh dpt dugc
2.2 T i c dgng cua nhan thirc, thai dp v i
phucmg phip tv hgc den ket qui hgc tap
Tic dgng cua tu hpc cd thf coi nhu li kft qui
cua mpt qui Uuih ty giic tich cyc, gin lien vdi ^
thiic, Uiii dp, dgng co, tinh cam, y chi, cua ngudi
hpc nhim biin nhflng kien thirc v i kp ning hgc
dugc tu sich vd bpn be, thiy cd thinh tii sin Ui thirc rieng ciia chinh minh
Tic dgng cua tu hgc cd anh hudng Icm den ket qui hgc tip cua ngucri hgc NghTa li niu biit cich
ty hgc (cd nhan thirc ve tu hgc tdt, thii do ty hgc dung din va phuong phip tu hgc hieu qui) thi ket qui hgc tap cua SV se cao hon Hg se thu dugc nhtmg kiin Uiirc, ky ning, Uiii dg nim Uong muc tieu cua mdn hgc nhieu hon so vdi nhung SV chua
cd cich tu hgc hieu qui
2.2.1 Nhin thuc ve tu hgc da sinh viin
Nhpn thuc v i ty hpc ciia SV chinh li qua Uinh hieu biet, su cim nhan cua SV ddi vdi van de ty hgc
Bing I Diem Uung hlnh nhpn thuc ve ty hgc cua sinh vien
tra Idi
Dg Ifch chuan Trung binh
Ty hge li dieu hien nhien vi bit buge doi vdi sinh vien Uong
Ty hgc giup bpn ren luyfn dugc ky ning hpc tpp sudt ddi vi
Kit qui khio sit qua Bdng I cho thiy, diem
Irung binh ciia timg ciu hdi li kha cao va tuong dii
ding diu, din den didm trung binh chung ve nhpn
thirc ly hgc cila SV li 4,15 (tuong duong mirc Til);
Uong do diem Uung binh cua "Ty hgc giup ban than
md rgng kiin thirc" li cao nhit (vdi diem Uung binh
4,40X ki din l i "Ty hgc li dieu hiin nhien v i bit
buic dii vdi SV Uong hgc chi tin chT" (vdi diem
Irung binh 4,29) v i thip nhit la diem Uung binh ciia
"Ty hgc giup bpn ren luyin phim chat dpo dire"
(chi dpt 3,76 diim) Diiu niy chiing td, SV da hiiu
vi nhfn thirc duge y nghia, vai Ud vi tam quan
Ugng cua vifc ty hge, dugc the hifn rd qua so lugt
Ui Idi ddngy vi hodn toin ddngy sau:
• Ty hgc giup bin Uiin md rpng kiin thirc (244
SV, chiim 92,1%)
• Ty hpc la dieu hien nhien v i bit bupc dii vdi
SV Ugng hgc chi tin chi (232 SV, chiim
87,5%)
• Ty hgc giiip bpn ren luyin dugc ky ning hgc tpp suit ddi vi nhiiu ky ning quan Ugng khic
(229 SV chiim 86,4%)
• Ty hgc giup bpn dpt kit qui hgc tpp tit hon
(217 SV, chiim 82,5%)
Trang 6Ty hgc giup ban thinh cdng uong sy nghifp
nrong lai (19'SV chiim 74,6%)
Tu hgc giup ban ren luyfn phim chit dag dire
(178 SV chiim 67.1%)
Bing 2 Diem Uung binh Uiii dg ty hpc ciia sinh vien
2.2.2 Thii dg nr hgc da sinh viin
Thai dg tv hgc ciia SV chnih li cich nghT, each nhln vi cich hinh ddng eiia SV vi viec ty hgc
Thai d$ tu hgc eda sinh viSn
Bpn cd khit khao tim tdi, hpc hdi them kifn thirc
Bpn ludn suy nghT, trin Ud ve nhihig difu da vi dang hpc df tim
each ung dung kien thuc vio thyc te
Bpn ludn tranh luan vdi bpn be ve cic van de dugc hpc
Ban ludn dinh thcri gian de suy nghT ky ve nhumg dieu dugc hpc
Ban thay yeu thich vifc ty hpc;
Bpn ludn tich cyc va chu dgng Uong ldp
SoSV
tri Idi
265
265
264
265
264
264
Dg Ifch chuan 0.758 0,804 0,856 0.839 0,959 0,858 Diem trung binh chung ve thii dp ty hgc
Trung binh 4,04 3,82 3,58 3,55 3,68 3,23 3,65 Diem Uung binh chung ve Uiii dg tu hgc cua SV
li 3,65 (tuong duong muc Khd); day cflng li mgt
diim si cao, Uong dd diem trung binh cua "Bpn cd
khit khao tim tdi hgc hdi Uiem kiin Uiirc" li cao
nhit (vdi diem Uung binh 4,04) vi thip nhat la diim
Uung binh cua "Bpn ludn tich cyc vi chu dgng
uong Idp" (chi dpt 3,23 diim) So vdi diim trung
binh chung ve nhpn Uiirc ty hge, diim vi Uiai dg ty
hgc ciia SV da giim Kit qui khio sit cho thiy cii
nhin ting quan vi cich nghi, cich nhln vi cich
hinh dpng dugc Uie hifn qua thii dg ty hgc ciia SV
nhu sau:
• Cd khit khao tim tdi, hgc hdi Uiem kiin Uiirc
(219 SV, chiim 82.7%)
• Ludn suy nghi, trin Ud vi nhflng diiu di vi
dang hge de tim cich img dyng kiin thiic vig
Uiyc ti (185 SV, chiim 69.8%)
• Thay yeu thich vifc ty hgc (170 SV, chiim
64.4%)
• Ludn Uanh lupn vdi bpn be vi cic vin di dugc
hgc (155 SV, chiim 58,7%)
• Ludn dinh Uidi gian di suy nghi ky vi nhihig
diiu dugc hgc (147 SV, chiim 55,5%)
Tuy nhien, chi ed 97 SV (chiim 36,7%) dingy
vi hoan loin dingy cho ciu tri Idi "Bpn ludn tich
cyc vi chu dgng Uong Idp", chimg td thii dg ty hpc cua SV vin edn rit thy dgng Kit qui phdng vin siu cho thiy, mgt sd GV cflng nhpn xet, dinh gii vi
SV cung tiiira nhfn dieu niy:
• Thai dp ty hgc cua SV hifn nay cd tot hem nhung cii Uiifn khdng nhiiu, die biit li dil vdi
SV Khoa NgQ' vin Nga nim Uiir nhit vi nim thir hai, dudng nhu kem hon hin so vdi cic khoa khic vi thudng thy dgng Uong hgc tfp
(GVnu,ThgcsT)
• SV chua chu ding Ueng vifc hge, Uiudng bit buOc eic em hgc thi cic em mdi hge, y thirc ty
giic ciia cie em chua cao (GVnO, Tiin sT)
• Thii dp limg khimg, hgc doi phd; phuong phip chua du, du cd dugc chi din, nhung niu SV khdng ty nguyfn thyc hifn cung chi vd ich, mJc
du thiy ed da nhie nhiiu (GVnO, Thgc sT)
• Theo em, jt thuc vi thai dg cua SV da so li thd
o, ty hgc chi de doi phd, Uii diu, khdng vl kiin
thirc (SVndm thutu, nam)
• Da si SV nim nhit, nam hai cd thii di nghifm tiic vdi vifc ty hpc, cdn nhflng SV khda uen Uiudng ft dinh Uicri gian cho vifc ty hgc vl bfn
rfn lim them (SVndm thi ndm, nam)
Traatno
Trang 7Do do, de giiip c:ho SV cd thai do, dgng lyc \i
quyet tim Uong vifc tu hcpc, nhi Uucmg can td chirc
cic Idp tip huin ky nang hpc tpp cho SV; can cd
nhieu chinh sach ve hd trg hgc bdng, khen thudng;
lao ddng lyc hgc tap cho SV qua viec djnh hudng
nghe nghifp, gidi thifu vifc lim sau khi ra trucmg
cho SV tdt nghifp
2.2.3 Phuang phdp lu hgc da sinh vien
Phuong phip tu hgc cua SV chinh li cich thirc
m i SV td chirc vifc tu hpc eda minh nhu vifc dit muc tieu, len ke hoach, thyc hifn viec ty hpe cua mlnh de nhim hudng tdi dat dugc ket qua cao trong hgc tap
Bang 3 Diem Uung binh phuang phap tu hgc ciia sinh vien
Phmrng phip t y hgc cua sinh vien
Bpn Uiucmg lap muc tieu va ke hoach cho vifc ty hpc ciia mlnh
Bpn biit cich thyc hifn kf hoach ty hgc mdt each hieu qui
Ban thudng dn Ipi bii giang cu v i hoin thinh bai tip tnrdc khl ien Idp
Bpn Uiucmg nghien cim uudc bii giang mdi v i ghi chu nhimg thic mic
Bpn ty bd sung kien thiic qua sich vd/glio Ulnh/tii lifu
Bpn ly tim bifu/md rgng kien thirc qua ngudn t i i lifu md uen mpng
intemet
Bpn thudng lien hf kifn Uiuc cu v i kinh nghiem c i nhan de tim hieu kiin
thirc mdi hoic sii dyng nhflmg cdng cy nhu ban dd tu duy
Bpn biit ty phin tich, tdng hgp va dinh g i i nhflmg dieu da dugc hgc
Bpn ty hgc vdi nhdm bpn be
Bpn biit cich vpn dyng v i lien hf Uiyc te nhiimg kien thirc d i hgc
SoSV tra Idi
265
264
265
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Do lech chuan 0,771 0,768 0,888 0,848 0,757
0,804
0,849 0,831 0,955 0,783 Diem trung binh ehung ve phinmg phip t y hge
Trung binh 3,67 3,15 3,58 3,34 3,84
3,94
3,48 3,46 3,63 3,44 3,55
Phuong phip ty hgc ciia SV rit da dpng vi
phong phu vdi diem Uung binh chung li 3,55
(tuong duong miic Khd) Moi SV cd mgt phuong
phip ty hgc rieng nen cac phugng in Ui ldi cua SV
vc phuong phip ty hgc cflng khdng ddng nhit
Trong dd diem Uung binh cua "Bpn ty Um hieu/md
ring kien Uiiic qua nguin tii lifu md uen mpng
internet" li Idn nhit (vdi diim trung binh 3,94) vi
xip thu hai li "Bpn ty bd sung kiin thirc qua sich
vd/giio ulnh/tii Hfu" (vdi diim Uung binh 3,84)
Ket qua niy cflng dl ly giii, do die Uifl cua nginh
Song ngfl Nga - Anh vdi khoi lugng kien Uiirc ldn,
ddi hdi SV phii cd ning lyc ty hgc cao, ty miy md
hpc hdi vi trau doi Uiem kiin Uiirc qua sich vd, til
lifu, giao Uinh Tuy theo hoin cinh, cich Uiiic ty
hgc mi SV di ra myc tiiu, lap vi uiin khai thyc
hifn ke hopch tu hgc nhim dpt dugc kit qui cao uong hgc tpp:
• Ty tim hieu/md rgng kidn thOrc qua nguin tii
lifu md Ufn mpng intemet (203 SV, chiim
76,8%)
• Ty bd sung kien Uiirc qua sach vd/giio Ulnh/tii
lifu (200SV, chiim 75.8%)
• Thudng Ipp myc tieu vi ke hopch cho vifc ty
hgc ctia mlnh (170SV, chiim 64,2%)
• Ty hpc vdi nhdm bpn be (/|S7 SV, chiim 63,2%)
• Thucmg dn lai tiii giing cu vi hoin thinh bii
tpp Uudc khi ien Idp (157 SV, chiim 59,3%) Ddi vdi nhimg SV ed phuong in tri Idi li ddng
y vi hoan todn ddngy duoi 50% cho nhflmg ciu tri
Idi dudi day, qui li ding quan ngpi Dieu dd chimg
td ring, mgc nira sd SV cdn Ipi ty nhpn thiy phucmg
Traai lit
Trang 8phip ty hgc cua minh khdng dat dugc hifu qui cao
nhu mong dgi:
• Thudng lifn hf kiin Uiirc cu vi kinh nghifm
ci nhan de tim hieu kien thirc mdi hoic sir
dyng nhflmg cdng cu nhu bin dd tu duy (129
SV, chiim 48,6%)
• Biit ty phin Uch, tdng hgp v i dinh gii nhimg
difu & dugc hgc (127 SV, chiim 48,1%)
• Biit cich vpn dyng vi lidn hf diyc ti nhflng
kiin Uiirc da hpc (126 SV, chiim 47.7%)
• Thucmg nghien cim trudc bii giing mdi vi ghi
chu nhflng Uiic mie (116SV, chiim 43,8%)
• Biit cich thyc hifn ki hopch ty hgc mgt cich
hifu qui (74 SV, chiim 28,1%)
Cic bien bin phdng van siu eho thay, GV vi
chfnh SV cflng Uiira nhin phirong phip ty hgc hifn
nay cua SV van chua hifu qui:
• Hifu qua vifc ty hgc cua cic em khdng cao
lim so vdi SV eie khoa khic Uong truomg, chi
khoing I /3 cie em li cd phuong phap ty hgc
tot (GVnO, Tiin sT)
• Cic em van chua ty tim dugc chg mlnh mgt
phuomg phip ty hgc rifng phu hgp, y Uiirc ty
giic Uong hgc tpp cdn chua cao, van cdn thy
ding Uong cich hge (GVnO, Thgc si)
• Phin ldn SV hifn nay chi lim bii tfp vi nhi,
chuin bj bai din Idp, rit it ngudi tim tdi, dio
siu, Um hiiu Uiem vi nhflng dieu mbih da hgc
Ufn Uudng (SVndm thu nhdl, nam)
• Cd y Uiuc Uong vifc ty hgc, tuy nhi€n van
chua cd mgt ki hopch cy Uii, mgt phucmg
phip hifu qui cho vifc ty hgc (SV ndm thu
hai, nam)
• Bdi viSV Vift Nam tir Uidi phd Uidng da duge
dpy Uieo phuong phip Uiiy dgc, Ud chep, chi
hgc nhflng gl Uiiy cd da cung cip nen ien dpi
hgc cung i p dyng phuomg phip nhu vpy, khiin
chg SV hifn nay gjp nhiiu khd khin Uong
viic ty hgc (SVndm thu tu, nu)
Qua 351 lugt y kiin ciia SV nfu Ifn nhihig khd
khin, Ud ngpi Idn nhit Uong vifc ty hgc, di ly glii
TraH HZ
dugc phin nio nguyen nhin mi nhieu SV vin chua tim ra cho minh mdt phucmg phip ty hgc rieng phi hgp vi hifu qui cao:
• Khdng cd dii Uidi gian di ty hgc (57 lugt tri
l&i)
• Chua cd J thirc ty giic (45 lugt tri lai)
• Giio Uinh, tii lifu tham khio thiiu (37 lugt
trd Ici)
• Chua ed phuomg phip ty hgc tot (34 lugt tra
lai)
• Khdng tip Uung, do nhieu yeu td bfn ngoii tic
dgng (33 lugt trd l&t)
• Giio Uinh, tii lifu tham khio thiiu (SOtugi
trd l&i)
• Chua biit phin bd v i quin \y thdi gian hgp ly
(20 lugt trd I&i) ^ J
• Khdng biet ty giii quyit vin di vi khdng cd
mdi trudng ty hgc tdt (19 lugt trd l&i)
Do dd, df giup cho mgt so SV cd phuong phip
ty hgc tot, GV cin ting cudng ehia sd kinh nghlfm/phuong phip ty hge phfl hgp vdi die Uiii cua nginh song ngit; cin giao them nhiiu di til vi bii tpp cho SV, cd hudng dan cich lim mau vi chi
ra nhflmg loi sai Uong bii tpp/bii kiim Ua khdng chi cho rieng SV dd m i cho c i cic SV khic Uong ldp biit di cflng sira, khie phyc v i rdt kinh nghifm Cd nhu vfy, SV mdi cd dgng lye, quyit tim Uong vifc
ty hgc, se khdng nan chi khi gip vin di khd vi tu
dd din din tpg cho SV biit cich ty hgc v i lya chpn cho mlnh mpt phuong phip ty hge rieng, hifu qui
2.2.4 Mdi tuang quan giua nhdn ihuc, thdi ig
vd phuang phdp tu hgc den ket qud hgc lip da sinh viin
Qua Bing 4, ta Uiiy eic hf s i hii quy rieng
phin Bl (Partial regression coefficients) cua ting thi diu cd gii Uj duong (B^fc, ,hi, ,4 „ »« = 0,326, Bphmmg pMp ni hoc ™ 0,434, B,!,,, a( „ 1,1^ = 0,3 53) vi diu
cd mirc •</ nghTa Uiing ke Uong md hlnh (Sig =
0,000) Diiu niy chimg td ring, tit ci eic biin die Ifp (biin tic dgng) Uong phuong uinh uen gim cd
3 biin li nhgn thuc vi ty hgc, phuang phdp ty hgc
Trang 9vi thii dg tu hgc diu cd y nghui Uong md hmh v i bidn phu thudc (biin kft qua) l i kit qua hgc tip
ieu cd tic ddng, cu thf la tic dpng cung chieu den
Bang 4 Cic thdng so thing ke timg bien trong phuomg Uinh hdi quy
Cic thdng sd thdng
ke timg bifn Uong
phuong Ubih hdi quy
He so hdi quy ridng phin Bl
He so hdi quy chuan hoi Beta
Mirc nghTa Sig
Hf sd tucmg quan ridng
Hf so tuong quan timg phan
Do lucmg hifn tugng da cgng tuyen
Di xic djnh tim quan Ugng cua cic biin khi
chung dugc sir dyng cflng vdi nhung bien khic
uong md hlnh, ta dflng hf so tuong quan timg phin
(Part correlation coefficient) v i hf sd tuong quan
rieng (Partial correlation coefficient) Kit qui Uong
Bdng 4 eho Uiiy, cic hf so tucmg iing niy dat gii uj
Idn nhit tpi nhin t i phuang phip ty hgc (0,516 v i
0,630), ki tiip li nhin t i thii dg hgc tgp (0,420 v i
0,551) vi xip cuoi cflng li nhSn to nhgn thuc vi ty
/KJC (0,387 v i 0,520)
Kit qui phdng vin siu cho thiy, SV deu nhpn
Uiiy ring niu ed nhpn thiic, Uiii df tot va phuong
phip ty hgc hifu qui thi ket qui hpc tpp se eao
SV cd nhpn thirc, Uiii dp tfch cyc v i phuong
phip ty hpc dung din (dieu niy rit quan Upng) Uii
se giup kit qui hpc tpp tot hon Trii lpi, nhimg SV
khdng cd Uiai df tich cyc hoic sai phuong phip thi
dit cd ly hpc nhieu Uil kit qui van khd cd thi cii
thifn (SV ndm thu nhit, nu) (SV ndm thu nhii,
nam)
Kit qua se bj anh hudng mpt phin tir thai dp vi
phuomg phip ty hgc Neu thii dg va phuong phip ty
hgc tot thi chic chin ket qui se k h ^ g tf (SV ndm
lhi hai, nam)
Nhihig bpn sieng ning v i cd phuong phip hpc
dung din thi tit nhidn se cd kit qui hpc tpp tit (SV
ndm thi ba, nu)
Niu bpn thpt sy cd mft thii d i tfch cyc vi
phuong phap Uiich hgp Uii ket qui nhjn dugc se
nhu mong dgi, neu chi cd thai dp tich cyc nhung khdng cd phuong phip Uil kit qui cung khdng tit
hdn (SVndm thutu, nO)
Nhpn thiire, thii dp v i phuomg phip ty hpc cd tic dpng rat Idn din kit qui hpc tpp, do do phii ty giic,
nghiem tuc hgc tip thi mdi dpt kit qui tit (SV ndm
thu ndm, rdi)
Kit qui phdng vin siu GV ciing khing djnh ring, nhpn thiic ve ty hgc, thii d$ ty hpc v i phuong phip ty hge cd inh hudng Idn din kit qua hpc tfp cua SV
SV ty hpc tot thi se cd kit qui hpc tap tot hon so vdi cic em cd nhpn Uiirc, Uiii dp, phuong phip ty
hgc chua phii hgp (GV nO, Thgc sT)
Anh hudng ldn dfn kit qui hgc tpp, nhfn thirc, thai dg cd thi tich Ifly, rdn luyfn din din, nhung phuong phip ty hgc li yiu to quyet djrUi, tic d$ng
Idn tdi kit qui hgc tpp (GVnu, Thgc sT)
Tdm Ipi, qua phan tich mii tuong quan gifla nhan thire, Uiii d$ v i phuong phip ty hgc din kit qui hgc tip cua SV, chung ta thiy cic biin tic d§ng
nhdn ihuc vi ty hgc, phuang phdp ty hgc vi thdi dg
lu hgc deu cd tic dgng Uiuan chiiu din biin kit qud hgc lap, Uong dd phuong phip ty hgc cd tic dgng
mpnh nhit, ki den li thii do ty hge vi sau cflng li nhpn thirc vi ty hgc
3 Ket lu$n v i kiin nghj 3.1 Ket luan
Tran HI
Trang 10Hopt ddng tu hge ciia SV nginh Song ngO' Nga
-Anh li mdt boat ddng mang tinh ehit ty nghifn eim,
ty khim phi dudi sy hudng din ciia GV, li nhin to
quan Upng gdp phin nang cao chat lupng dpy v i
hgc, cd moi quan hf bifn chimg vdi hopt dgng dpy
ciia GV, quan hf chpt che vdi Ban Co vin hgc tip
vi phu thudc nhifu vio mdi uucmg ty hgc:, eo sd v$t
chat, trang thiit bj dpy hpc, sich, giio Uinh Ve eg
bin, SV nginh Song ngfl Nga - Anh da ed nhpn
Uiire, thii do vi phuong phip ty hgc tdt
Qua phin hch hdi quy tuyin tinh bgi vdi 3 nhin
to chinh tic dgng Uong md hlnh nghifn ciru (nh|n
diirc, Uiai dg vi phucmg phap ty hpc), ket qui cho
thiy 3 nhan to niy diu dpt hf so hoi quy riing phin
duong vi diu cd hf so y nghTa thong kf VI v$y, ta
ed thi kit lupn ring nhpn thiic, thii dp vi phuong
phip ty hgc diu inh hudng Idn din kit qui hge t|p
cua SV; SV cing cd nhpn Uiirc, Uiii dg vi phuong
phip ty hpc cag thi ket qua hgc tpp cua hg cing cao;
Uong dd phuong phip ty hpc cd tie d$ng rd nhit
din kit qui hgc tpp, sau dd li Uiii df vi cuii cflng
li nhpn thirc vi ty hgc ciia SV
Tu kit qui cua nghien ciru Ufn, qua nhflng gdp
y/di xuit eua SV di ning cao hiiu qui ty hgc v i
nhflng khd khin, Ud ngpi Idn nhit Uong vifc ty hpc
eua SV, ehung tdi da dua ra duge mgt s i kiin
nghj/di xuit cy Uii dii vdi 3 doi tugng li SV, GV,
khoa vi nhi mrdng; cic de xuit cy Uii dugc Uinh
biy Uong Myc 3.2 dudi diy, di ting cudng tinh
hifu qui cfla hopt dgng ty hgc eua SV, gdp phan
ning cao chit lugng dpy vi hgc nginh Song ngii
Nga - Anh tpi Trudng DH KHXH&NV,
DHQG-HCM
3.2 Kien nghj
3.2.1 Dii v&i khoa vi nhd tru&ng
Dugc sy ding tinh ciia cic bpn SV Uiam gia
khao sit, tic gii xin neu mgt so kiin nghj/di xuit
sau diy dii vdi mgt so don vj lien quan, chii yiu li
Khoa NgO vin Nga, Phdng Dio tpo, Phdng Ki
hopch - Tii chfah, Phdng Khio Uii va E)im bio chit
lugng, Phdng Thanh tta Giio dye, Phdng Quan Uj
r
Thiit bj, Phdng Hgp tic quic t i v i Phit uien dy in quic ti, Thu vifn Uudng v i Trung tam Tu vin Hudng nghifp v i Phit Uiin nguon nhan lyc
Do mit so SV -'khdng du th&i gian di nr hgc" vi
di SV chfl ding hon Uong viec sip xip thdi gian biiu Uong viic ty hge, Phdng Dao tpo v i Khoa Ngfl vin Nga cin len ki hopch vi dam bio ki hoach giing dpy it Uiay ddi nhit: vifc sip xip gifla cic mdn hpc, gifla cic ca hpc sao chg hgp ly nhat, trinh tinh Upng SV hge don dpp uong mpt ngiy, gifla cic
ea hgc; cic mdn hge can dugc hcjc rii dfu vi xuyfn suit trong ca hpc ky; nen t i ehire thi cuon chieu cic mdn chuyin nginh ngay sau khi kit thuc hpc phan (hlnh thire thi da dpng), uinh thi don d$p uong mpt
Uidi diim, Uinh mpt ngiy cd nhiiu ca thi ^^m
i Do mit s6 SV "khdng dugc hu&ng dan cac^^J
hgc" nin nhi trudng, cy Uii li Khoa Ngfl vin
Nga v i Trung tim Tu vin Hudmg nghifp vi Phit Uiin nguon nhin lyc can phoi hgp to chirc top dim/h$i thio ve van de ty hgc, qua vifc mdi ehuyin gia din chia se kinh nghiim Uiyc te cho
SV, nhim ning cao nhpn thirc v i ty hcpc cho SV, giup SV djnh hudng phuong phip ty hgc rifng cho phfl hgp Ngoii ra, thinh Ifp cic cau Ipc bp hgc thupt, ciu Ipc bg ty hgc, diin dan ty hpc nhim tpo sin ehgi bd ich chg SV tdi chia se, Uao dii kinh nghifm v i giao luu hpe thupt Ban
c i vin hpc tpp cung can phit huy hon nfla vai
Ud, chu'c ning v i nhifm vy cua mlnh ttong vifc
hS Ug SV Uong hopt dgng hpc tip
ii Do mpt so SV "khdng cd mdi tru&ng ty hgc lit"
nfn cie don vj lien quan cin khio sit hifn ttpng
v i nhu ciu cho ty hpc, eiing nhu cie phuong tifn vpt chit ho ttg qui uinh ty hgc cua SV, tu
dd tu vin, Uiam muu, di xuit linh dpo trudng
md rgng khdng gian ty hgc cho SV, Uang bj them miy mde thiit bj, co sd vft chit nhim dam bao cho SV cd dugc mgt khdng gian, mdi Uudng ty hgc tot nhit cd thi
ill Do "sdeh gido trinh tdi liiu tham khdo thiiu"
nin Khoa cin khao sit nhu ciu dpc sich cua SV
114