Hl/dNG DAN QUAN LY, SUf DUNG suf DUNG HINH AHH OAY HOC P H I H CHAN HUlil TROHG CHirOHG TRlNH C(lNG NGHE i PHO THONG I ThS Nguyen Duan ThS Dinh Van Dung Tritdng Dai hgc Supham, Dai Hgc Hue Vai tro cGa[.]
Trang 1Hl/dNG DAN Q U A N LY, SUf DUNG
suf DUNG HINH AHH OAY HOC P H I H CHAN HUlil
TROHG CHirOHG TRlNH C(lNG NGHE i PHO THONG
I ThS Nguyen Duan T h S Dinh V a n Dung
Tritdng Dai hgc Supham, Dai Hgc Hue
Vai tro cGa hinh I n h
Hinh I n h la mdt
trong nhOng thiet bj
dgy hpc quan trpng
ddi vdi cac mdn Cdng nghe ndi
chung va kien thOc chan nudi
(CN), ndi heng Nd khdng chi
eung cap tri thOe ma cdn gdp
phan ddi mdi phOPng phap day
hpe, giOp HS to chiem ITnh th
thOc mdt each nhanh chdng va
to giac Hinh I n h eung la
phOPng tien de td chOc hogt
ddng dgy gdp p h I n mang lgi
niem hOng thO hpc tap, giao
dye tinh tham mTcho HS
Ndi dung CN.trong chOdng
trinh edng nghe d phd thdng
rat gan gui vdi thOc tien ddi
sdng san xuat Ndi dung
phan nay chu yeu de cap
den mdt sd kien thOc ed s d ,
nguyen ly kT thugt va cae
bien phap kT thuat ve CN nhO:
Chpn tgo va s i n xuat gidng
vat nudi (VN), s i n xuat thOc
an cho V N , tao mdi trOdng
sdng cho V N , phdng, trj benh
cho V N Cac ndi dung nay rat
thuan ldi va cd tiem nSng de
sO dyng hinh I n h de td chOc
HS ITnh hdi tri thOc
Hinh anh sO dyng trong day
hpe CN, d phd thdng ed eac
chOe nang ehiJ yeu: - Cung cap
kien thOe cP ban; - Minh hog,
bd sung cho npi dung cd ban
cua bai hpc; - Cung cd, md
rdng va nang cao kien thOc eho HS; - Kiem tra, danh gia ket
q u i hpe tap cua HS
Tuy theo myc tieu, ndi dung dgy hpc va hinh I n h hien cd
ma giao vien ( GV) sO dyng chung de khai thae chOe nang cua chOng theo hodng hpp dat hieu q u i dgy hpc cao nhat
2 Sii di^ng hinh I n h de t d
chufc cac hogt d p n g dgy hpc
CN b p h o t h o n g
De tien hanh mdt hogt ddng dgy hpc CN cd sO dyng hinh anh, GV e l n tien hanh theo cac budc sau:
Giai dogn 1: Xac djnh mgc tieu va logi hinh I n h can si^
d y n g : Budc 1: Xae djnh myc tieu:
Can cO vao ndi dung day hpe chUPng trinh da quy dinh de xac djnh cac myc tieu cu the eho tOng ndi dung day hpc:
kien thOc, kTnang va thai dp
Bode 2: Xac djnh loai hinh
I n h e l n sO dyng: Luc nay tranh I n h cd chOc nang nhO la mdt phOPng tien de GV td chOc hoat ddng nhan thOc cua HS
Tuy theo ndi dung de GV chpn lOa loai tranh anh thich hpp
Giai dogn 2: To chufc hogt
d p n g
Budc 1: Dinh hddng hoat dgng
N h l m giup HS xae djnh
dope yeu c l u , nhiem vu va ke hogch hoat ddng (thdi gian, hinh thOe td chOc hoat ddng ) cua b i n than BUdc nay ddi hdi
HS p h i i chuyen tO yeu eau eua
GV thanh yeu eau cua b i n than trUdc khi thOc hien hoat ddng De djnh hOdng, GV cd the dOa ra cac cau hdi, bai tap tlnh hudng va yeu cau HS thOc hien dOa tren eac hinh
I n h ma GV cung cap hoac cd
d SGK hoac d ngudn khac ma
HS d l tim kiem
Budc 2: Hgc sinh tU lUc lam vigc vdi hinh anh
Day la budc trpng tam trong qua trinh nhan thOc cua HS MOc dp nhan thOc phu thude vao kha nang lam viee doc lap,
to lOc cua HS Tuy theo dp khd cua ndi dung hpc tap hay dae diem cua hinh anh ma HS lam viec dde lap hay lam viec theo nhdm nhd Neu td chOc theo nhdm GV phai giam sat chat che qua trinh lam viee eua HS
de d i m bao tat ca deu hoat ddng theo djnh hodng da xac djnh
Budc 3: Hgc sinh thao luan - GV ehpn hay gpi n g l u nhien
mdt s d HS hoac dgi dien nhdm len bao cao ke't qua
- Ke't qua bao cao ed the xuat hien nhOng van de gay ra nhieu tranh eai hay eac y kien trai ngupc nhau do quan niem
'^s«'i^^^#^(«^''»iter'-s^iStf^ tjpft-iB Sd 48 thang 08 nam 2009 3 3
Trang 2HUdNG DAN QUAN LY, SCT DUNG
cua HS khae nhau LOe nay
GV vdi vai trd la ngOdi trpng
tai, khdng nen vdi khang djnh y
kien nao sai hoac dOng ma gdi
y eho eac em phan tich nhOng
y kien chOa thd'ng nhat tren
nhOng quan diem khae nhau
Yeu e l u HS quan sat lai hinh
anh de kiem tra, xac nhan lai
cae thdng tin cdn nhieu tranh
eai
BUdc 4: Giao vien dieu chfnh
va chfnh xac hoa kien thdc
- GV ket luan nhOng y kien
da dOng dan dope tap the ldp
chap nhan
- GV sO dyng nhOng lap
luan de giai thich, lam rd cho
HS nhOng van de edn tranh cai
va dOa ra eau t r i Idi ngay sau
dd Hoac GV dung nhOng ndi
dung tranh luan dd de kieh
thich HS tim tdi ndi dung hpc
tap tiep theo LOc nay hinh anh
dope xem nhU la mpt bien
phap de tao tlnh hudng hpe tap
cho HS
3 IVIpt s d v i d u m i n h hpa
Vl du 1: SO dung cac hinh
1.1., hinh 1.2, trong day hpe
ndi dung "Mgt sd yeu cau kT
thuat cua chuong trai CN' (Bai
34 Tao mol trddng sdng cho
VN va TS, Cdng nghe 10)
Giai dogn 1: Xac djnh m y c
tieu va logi hinh I n h can sii
d y n g
Budc 1: Xac dinh muc tieu:
-HS hieu dupe cac tieu chuan
cd ban cua chudng trai CN
-Ren luyen kT nang quan sat,
phan tich va so sanh cho HS
thdng qua lam viec vdi hinh
I n h - Cd y thOc xay dOng
chudng trai CN dat tieu chuan
va van dyng nhOng hieu biet
ve kT thuat CN vao san xuat
CN d dia phOdng
BUdc 2: Xac dinh loai hinh anh can sd dung:
Day la ndi dung thodng gap trong ddi sdng s i n xuat d dja phOPng Ben egnh cac chudng trgi CN cdng nghiep hien dgi
d i m b i o cac tieu chuan thi mdt
s d vung ndng thdn v i n cdn tdn tai nhOng chudng trgi CN ddn
sd, khdng dgt cac tieu chuan cua chudng nudi nhU npi dung cae em se hpe Vi vay can phai chpn dupe nhOng hinh I n h ve cae loai chudng trgi CN theo y dd: chudng trgi CN hien dai, dat tieu chuan va chudng trai
CN lgc hau, khdng dgt tieu chuan Qua dd HS d l dang so sanh Uu diem va nhupc diem eua eac Ipai chudng trai C N
TO dd HS se dinh hodng tim hieu cac yeu eau ve kT thuat cua chudng trgi CN de chudng trgi CN dgt tieu chuan Vdi y dd
dd, GV ehpn cae hinh 1, hinh 2
de dgy ndi dung "Mgt sd yeu
cau kT thuat cua chuong trai chan nuoi'
Giai dogn 2: To chOc hogt d p n g
BUdc 1: Djnh hddng hoat dgng: TrUdc khi
vao dgy muc "7 Mgt
sd yeu ciu kT thuat cua chuong trai CN "
GV neu cac eau hdi trudc khi HS quan sat t ^ ^
I n h : 1) Hay trinh bay nhOng Uu diem va nhupc diem cua cae chudng nudi dupe chup
d trong cac I n h tren
2) Theo em chudng traiCN nao dupe chup trong eac hinh tren la dat tieu chuan? Tgi sao?
BUdc 2: Hgc sinh ttf Idc lam viec vdi hinh anh
Day la npi dung hpc tap gan gOi vdi ddi sdng hang ngay eua
HS, nhat la hpc sinh cac vung ndng thdn cd chan nudi, nen
GV e l n phat huy kien thOc kinh nghiem cija HS de ITnh hdi kien thOe mdi ve kT thuat chudng trgi C N Vdi eac I n h nay HS de dang nhan ra chudng trgi CN nao dgt tieu chuan hdn nhOng khd g i l l thich dope mdt each day du ve cac tieu chuan cua chudng trai CN
Vi vay td chOe HS thao luan theo nhdm nhd tO 2-4 HS de
t r i Idi cac eau hdi djnh hudng neu tren
BUdc 3: Hgc sinh thao luan
GV gpi dgi dien mdt sd nhdm (tuy thdi gian) bao cao ke't qua TO ket q u i dd Idp thao luan de tim ra cau t r i Idi Trong qua trinh nay, GV cd the gpi y
hinh 1.1
hinh 1.2
34 Sd 48 thang 08 nSm 2009 ^f'- ^^^0i'tm^
Trang 3Hl/dNG DAN Q U A N LY, s(i DUNG
de cac em thao lugn, nhU: yeu
e l u ve nen chudng, kha nang
dam bao ve sinh
BUdc 4: Giao vien dieu chfnh
va chfnh xac hda kien thdc
- GV khai quat lai: chudng
trong Hinh 1.1 dgt tieu chuan
hdn chudng Hinh 1.2
- GV neu van de: NhUng
can eO vao dau de xac djnh
chudng dgt tieu chuan hay
khdng? Cau hdi nay de GV
kich thich HS nghien cOu SGK
de t r i Idi cau hdi "Cao yeu e l u
kT thugt cija chudng trgi chan
nudi la gi?" Sau dd GV neu
cae eau hdi md rdng: Tgi sao
cac kieu chudng nudi nhU
trong hinh 1.2 v i n tdn tgi phd
bien d cac vung ndng thdn,
vung cao? SO dung chudng
nhU the cd anh hUdng gi den nang suat chSn nudi khdng?
4 Ket lugn Hinh I n h la mdt trong nhOng thiet bj day hpc dupc sO dyng phd bien va mang lai nhieu hieu q u i trong dgy hpc
CN d phd thdng Mat khac hinh anh cung la ngudn thdng tin quan trpng de HS khai thac, kham pha kien thOc trong qua trinh hpc tap Viec sO dyng hinh anh trong dgy hpc hien nay theo nhieu hodng khac nhau tren cae quan diem day hpc khac nhau Tren quan diem day hpc lay ngOdi hpc lam trung tam, tich cOc hda ngodi hpc, thi hinh anh vOa la ngudn tri thOe eho HS vOa la phOPng tien de GV td chOc cac
hoat ddng dgy hpc Qua dd phat huy cao dp tinh tich cUe kham pha tri thOc cua HS, ddng thdi ren luyen cho HS eac kT nang hpe tap cd b i n nhU: kT nang lam viec vdi kenh hinh, kTnang quan sat, kTnang phan tich Do dd viec xac dinh qui trinh sO dyng kenh hinh de
td chOe eac hogt ddng dgy hpc
CN de nang cao hieu q u i day hpc la rat e l n thiet va kha thi, gdp p h i n dap Ong ddi hdi ddi mdi phUdng phap day hpc d phd thdng hien nay.H
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Nguyen Duan Thiet /ce' vi sCl
dtring cau hdi l<hai thic tcenh hinh trong SGK Sinh hQC d pho thong Tgp chi
Thie't bj Giao dye, So 38 thang 10/2008 tr.23-24
trong tOng hang ngang, cdt
dpe; + Neu nhan xet ve dac
diem chung cua hien tupng; +
Tim mdi lien he giOa kien thOc
li thuyet vdi cae sd lieu trong
bang va mdi lien he giOa cac
sd lieu trong bang vdi nhau; •¥
Tinh td'c dp tang trUdng gia trj
hien tupng va tOng nhdm hien
tupng; -i- Nhan xet ve md'i
quan he giOa td'c dp tang
trodng va sO thay ddi cd cau
gia trj hien topng, nhdm hien
topng (neu can cd the ve bieu
dd theo cac sd lieu trong bang
de minh hoa)
Giao vien lay vi du bai 3 1 ,
trang 123, SGK de nhgn xet,
phan tich lam mau de hpc sinh
lam theo
SO dyng s d lieu thdng ke dOdi dgng b i n g bieu cd tam quan trpng dac biet trong viee day hpc Dja li, viee ren luyen
kT nang cho hpc sinh Idp 12 yeu cau cao hPn cac Idp dudi, khdng chi dOng d mOc nhan thOc sU tang, giam cua hien tupng ma cdn di sau vao nhgn thOc b i n chat hien topng, biet tap hpp sd lieu theo ehu de va
sO dyng sd lieu dd de viet bao cao phye vu cae bai d cud'i chUPng trinh Dja li 12, phye vu thUe t i i n xa hdi sau khi rdi ghe nha trUdng
Cung vdi cac kT nSng dia li khac, kT nang b i n dd, bieu dd
va khai thac cac bang bieu dja
li la nhOng kT nang khdng the thieu cua mot cdng dan tUdng Igi Do dd viec trang bi nhOng kTnang dia If nay d cac idp phd thdng ndi chung va Idp 12 ndi rieng can dUpc coi trpng dOng mOc Dd cung la yeu cau ddi mdi trong phUPng phap dgy; hpc hien n a y "
Tai li^u tham khIo
1 Nguyin DUc Chinh Giao hpc
phap dia li, NXB Giao dijc, H, 1964
2 L3m Quag Doc Bin do giao
khoa NXB D ^i hQc sUph^m, H, 2004
3 Nguyin Trpng Phuc PhUdng
phap sii dyng so lifu thd'ng kg trong
dgy hpc dja li kinh te - xa hpi NXB
D ?ii h PC qu 6'c gia Ha Noi, 1997
4 Lg Thdng (Tdng Chii bien), Nguyin Viet Thinh (Chu bign) va Nnk, Dja li 12 nang cao