Đổi mới kiểm tra, đánh giá trong quá trình dạy học thực hành, thí nghiệm phần giải phẫu và sinh lí thực vật đối với học sinh chuyên sinh

Joumal of Science of Haiphong University | Vol 4, No 17, p 83 92 DOI Mdi KIEM TRA, DANH CIA TRONG QUA TRJNH DAY HOC THUC HANH, THi NGHIEM PHAN GIAI PHAU VA SINH Ll'''' THUC VAT DOI Vdl HOC SINH CHUYEN SI[.]

DOI Mdi KIEM TRA, DANH CIA

THi NGHIEM PHAN GIAI PHAU VA SINH Ll'

Nguyen Thj Linh'

Tdm tat

Viec doi mdi phUdng phdp dqy hgc phdi

dUdc tien hdnh dong bp vdi doi mdi kiem tra vd

ddnh gid nhdm ndng cao hiiu qud cua viic dqy

vd hgc Hinh thiic ddnh gid hUdng tdi phdt

trien nang lUc eua hgc sinh d hdu hit cdc nang

lUc chung vd ndng lUc chuyin biit; ddnh gid vi

ndng lUc thUe hdnh con it dUdc di cap Bdi viet

ndy budc ddu xdc dinh thUc trqng viic dqy hgc

thiie hdnh d ede trUdng chuyen vd thiit ki cdc

dikiem tra dexdc dinh mUc dp ndng lUc nhdn

thiic eua hgc sinh trung hoc pho thdng sau khi

hgc edc bdi thUc hdnh thi nghiim phdn Gidi

phdu vd Sinh ll thUe vat, thong qua do dinh

hudng cho gido vien phUdng thdc thiit ki edu

hoi ddnh gid ndng lUc thiie hdnh ciia hgc sinh

vd giup cdc nhd qudn li gido due eo thUdc do

chudn di ddnh gid hgc sinh khi hgc xong phdn

Gidi phau vd Sinh li thUe vdt

TU khod: ndng lUe, ddnh gid, ndng lUe

thUc hdnh, sinh U thUc vdt

1 Mar dau

Ddi mdi kiem tra, ddnh gia Id mdt trong

hai ndi dung ca bdn, mang tinh dot pha eia

' Sd Giao diic va Ddo tao Hai Phong

Nghi quylt TW 8 khod XII; ddi mdi kiem tra, ddnh gid nham thfle hien ddi mdi can ban todn diln giao due Trong chfldng trinh trung hpc phd thdng vile doi hdi ddi mdi phfldng phap danh gia ddi vdi tat ca cae mdn hpc ndi chung, mdn Sinh hgc ndi rieng nham dat dflde nhing raue tiiu efla chUdng trinh Id rat can thiet vd cap bdeh d l hod nhdp vdi qudc te

Trong qua trinh day hpe thfle hdnh, thi nghiem d edc trfldng chuyin, dilu thuan ldi nhit 11 hgc sinh, rat hflng thi, nhilt tinh tham gia cac tilt thflc hdnh thi nghiim Bdi

le, vdi hpc sinh, tham gia vao qua trinh thflc hdnh cung chinh la bat dau qud trinh tfl kham pha, tfl tim tdi, phdt hien Viec thUc hanh giip cac em thodt khdi nhflng ii thuyet

"mdu xdm" khd khan, den vdi thUc te cudc

sdng da dang, mudn mau Phat trien ndng lflc thflc hanh cho hpc sinh trong day hpe sinh hpc thdng qua vile ting cfldng td chflc cae boat ddng, hanh ddng hpc tap cho hpe sinh Id bien phap da dang hod ede hinh thflc day hpc, tich cflc hod, boat ddng hod hpc sinh, han chl nhing gid hpc trln ldp nhdm chdn thfldng xuyln lap di lap Iai, gan hpc vdi hanh, gan kiln thflc Ii luan vdi thfle tien; la biln

phap khic phue tinh trang qua coi trgng li

thuyet vd xera nhe thflc hdnh, thfle tien

Vile tiln hanh dinh gia nang lflc thflc

hdnh sinh bge cia hgc sinh thdng qua he

thdng edc clu hdi dflpc xiy dflng d ede m i c

dd khac nhau dl phin loai dflpc nang lflc efla

hpe sinh Vin dl ndy khdng ehi dat ra ddi vdi

mdi giao vien, moi trfldng hpc md edn vdi ea

hi thdng Giao dpc phd thdng

2 Noi dung nghien cufu

2.1 ThUc trgng viic gidng dgy thUc hdnh tbi

nghiim vd kiim tra, ddnh gid trong qud

trinh dgy hgc phdn Gidi phau vd Sinh li

tbUc vdt trong cdc trUdng chuyin

ThUc trang kilm tra vd ddnh gll mdn

Sinh hpe d cae trUdng trung hpe phd thdng

hien nay hlu nhU vin chl chu trpng vile

truyin thu nhflng kiln thflc, rdi kilm tra Iai

cic kiln thie trong saeh gido khoa dl hpe md

it gan vdi thfle tien; phfldng phap kilm tra,

ddnh gii chilm Uu thi van Id eae phUdng phap

yeu eau hpe thude, diln giai mdt vSn dl, hoae

nhd rapt quy ludt, rapt cdng thfle nhit dinh

thude npi dung trong sdch gido khoa biln

hdnh Chfldng trinh, ndi dung sach gido khoa

khdng ddi gifl nguyin nhilu nam; do dd, nam

ndo cung khai thae kien thflc cd trong Saeh

giao khoa dan tdi sfl trflng lap vl y tfldng,

thudng ddnh gia kha nang hgc thupc kiln

thflc Mot sd bdi tap ylu clu hpe sinh phdi

nam chac nhflng edng thflc, khdng hpc thim

thi khong tra ldi dflpc NhU vly khdng danh

gia dfldc ndng lfle cfla thi sinh khi van dung

vdo giai quylt cdc van de cia thflc tien,

2.1.1 Thuan Igi

Bp Gilo dpc vd Dao tao cung da dfla ra

khung chfldng trinh khd chi tilt vd eu the vl

edc tiet thflc hanh thi nghiem, giup giao ^en

cd ed sd tiln hanh giang day, tich hdp gifla li thuyet vdi thflc hdnh Ddng thdi, hiin nay xu hudng ddi radi kiem tra, danh gid trong cSc nha trUdng rat dUde ede cap quan Ii quan tdm, the hiin bang hdng loat cac edng van hfldng dan thfle hien, nhieu cudc tap huln giao vien

da dupe td chflc trong pham vi rdng Nhflng nam gan day, nhd sfl cdi cich trong giio due, sd tiet thfle hanh da tang Iln, so tiln mua sam thiet bi day hpe da dfldc dau tfl nhieu hdn, vai trd cia ngfldi phu trdch thi nghiem ciing ed dfldc nang eao dang ke Cae trfldng trung hpc phd thdng, dae biet la cac trflffng Chuyin, da chfl tam xay dflng va dau tfl vdo cac phdng thi nghiim mdn Sinh hgc, bd tri gido viln phu trich thi nghiem riing cd chuyin radn nghiip vu

Phin Gidi phau va Sinh li thfle vat trong chUdng trinh gido due raac du khdng dfldc sSp xip tip trung vl thdi gian ma rai rac d eae ldp hoc theo xu hfldng tiep can he thdng Tuy nhiln, cae bai thflc hdnh thi nghiim efla npi dung day hpc nay ludn hip din vi rit gan giii vdi thUc tien vd cd thi thUc hiin de dang, khdng ylu clu dilu kiln cd sd vlt ehlt qua ldn nln gido viln rit de td chflc thflc hien Dac bilt, trong chUdng trinh eia hpc sinh ehuyen Sinh hgc, ndi dung ndy da dflpc t6 chflc thanh chuyin dl giip hgc sinh cd dflde nhflng hieu sau sac hdn

Ngoai ra, cac Sd Gilo due va Ddo tao vd

Bp Giao due vd Ddo tao da td chflc kha thfldng xuyln edc ki thi thflc hanh thi nghiim mdn Sinh hpc d d p trung hpe cd sd va trung hpe phd thdng Trong ki thi hpc sinh giii

Qudc gia radn Sinh hpc d l Ifla chgn cic hpe

sinh flu tu thara gia ki thi hgc sinh gidi Qudc

tl, phin thi thUc hanh d l ngdy cdng dfldc chfl

trpng Id tiln dl ddi mdi kiem tra, danh gia trong

qua trinh day vd hpc thflc hanh thi nghiim

2.1.2 Kho khan

Tuy nhien, thUe t l giang day cho thiy:

Vile giang day thflc hdnh thi nghiim radn

Sinh hpc hien nay cdn gap rat nhilu nhing

khd khan

VI phia nhd trUdng, cac cd s6 vat chat

trong phdng thi nghiem tuy da dUpc bd sung

nhiing vdn chUa dap flng du yeu clu Nhieu

thilt bi thi nghiera da eu, da hdng, hole chfla

ding tieu chuan Ve phia Bg Giao due vd Ddo

tao, khung chUdng trinh ehuan ddnh cho giao

viln vd hpc smh mdi ehi neu ra dflde ndi dung

giang day cdn each t h i e eu the thi edn hit sic

sd sdi va chung chung Ben canh dd, d i da gia

tang cdc tilt thflc hanh thi nghiera nhflng sd

lupng dd van eon qua it so vdi phan li thuylt

trong sdch gido khoa Vi thi, vile day thflc

hdnh phu thugc phin ldn vao ddi ngu gido

viln trflc tiep gidng day vl eao hdn la edng tdc

qudn ll chat Ifldng d ting cfl sd trfldng hpe VI

phia hpc sinh, rd rang, vile tilp thu Ii thuyet

de ddng hdn vile ren luyen ki nang thflc hanh

thi nghiem Bdi le, hpc sinh ed the thu thap

kien thflc tfl nhieu ngudn, cdn ki nang thflc

hdnh thi nghiim thi phdi tfl khara phd, rady

md va luyln tap thUe hdnh thanh thue thi radi

ed dat dflde nhflng ki nang cln thiet

Ddi vdi viee ddi mdi kilm tra, danh gia

trong qua trinh day thflc hdnh thi nghiira

hien nay hau nhfl ehfla thflc hien dflde vi

giao viln vd hpc sinh chl dflng d raic dd Iam

cdc thi nghiira minh hpa cho bai hgc Hinh thflc kiem tra, ddnh gia e h i ylu Id hpe sinh vilt bio eao md td vile thdc hanh vd nlu kit luan, giai thich Npi dung kiem tra, danh gid mdi chl ding d ede eau hdi ylu clu trinh bdy,

md td

Nhflng dieu nay da dnh hfldng den viee gidng day thfle hanh thi nghiem mon Sinh hpc

d trfldng trung hpc phd thdng Nd ddi hdi phai cd nhflng bien phap p h i hpp de phat huy thuan ldi va khac phue khd khan, nham ning cao chat Iflpng giao due va dao tao trong day hgc thflc hdnh Sinh hpc

2.2 Ddi tU^g vd pbUUng phdp nghien cuiu

2.2.1 Doi tuong nghien cUu

Ddi tfldng nghiin cflu la qua trinh day hpc thflc hanh thi nghiera phin Giai phau vd Sinh li thflc vlt; cae cau hdi, bai tap nham mue dieh ddi mdi Idem tra, ddnh gia nang Ifle thUe hdnh cua hpc sinh

2.2.2 Phuang phdp nghien cUu

- Cic phUdng phap nghiin eflu Ii luan:

phan tich, tong hpp, he thdng hoi, khai quat hoa cae ngudn tfl lieu, lam ed sd dl xiy dflng

cd sd Ii luan

- Cic phfldng phdp nghien cflu thiie tiln:

"• PhUdng phdp quan sdt: quan sat thfle

trang cac hoat dong day va hpe thifc hdnh efla gido viln va hpc sinh trong cic gid Sinh hpc, dilu kien day vd hpc thflc hanh eia giio vien va hgc sinh d cac trUdng trung hpc phd thdng chuyen

* PhUdng phdp diiu tra: trd chuyin vd

phdng vin gido viln, hpc sinh, cac nhd qudn Ii giio due nham thu thap thdng tin ve cac phfldng phip day hpc, nang Ifle hpc tap va y

thflc hpc tap efla hpe sinh, ldm sang td eho

nhflng nhan dinh khdch quan vl kit qua

nghien eflu

- PhUdng phap thfle nghiira sfl pham

nham khang dinh.tinh hieu qud, tinh khd thi

eia gid thuylt khoa hpc dl tai da dat ra

2.3 Muc dich vd nguyin tdc thUc hiin

2.3.1 Mucdich

Thiet ke edc de kilm tra d l xdc dinh mflc

do nang Iflc nh|n thflc cia hpc sinh trung hpc

phd thong sau khi hpe eae bdi thfle hanh thi

nghiem phin Giii phlu va Sinh Ii thfle v|it

hien nay, t i dd tien hanh danh gii nang lfle

thflc hdnh Sinh hpe Kit qua xay dflng eic cau

hoi kiem tra, ddnh gid trong cae eau hdi phin

loai dflde ndng Ifle eia hgc sinh nham giip:

- Gido viln xay dflng k l thilt k l ede de

thi kiem tra thUdng xuyln va dinh ki trong

day va hpc thflc hdnh Sinh hpc;

- Sfl dung cae eau hdi bo sung vao ngan

hdng ra dl thi hpe sinh gidi mdn Sinh nham

ddnh gia toan diln ddi vdi hpc sinh ea ve Ii

thuyet va thflc hdnh

- Sfl dung cae clu hdi de kiem tra tieh

hdp nhdm kiem tra nang Iflc khoa hoc tfl

nhiln cia hgc sinh phd thdng

2.3.2 Nguyen tac

- Cde eau hdi ddac thilt ke dam bdo tinh

khoa hgc, kien thfle dfla vdo chfldng trinh

Sinh hgc trung hpc phd thdng ehuyin hi^n

tai; phdn anh ding nang lflc eia hpe sinh

trung hpe

- Cic dl thi phai dflpc Idem ching bang

thflc nghiem dfla trln cic minh chflng p h i

hpp vdi edc tiiu chi cia Chuln efla chflong

trinh Phd thdng biln hanh vd chUdng trinh danh eho hpc sinh ehuyen

- Thfle t l day vl hpe thflc hdnh Sinh hoc hien nay eho thay khd nang nam vflng, sfl dung, van dpng cdc kiln thflc dl dflpc hoc trong sach de giai thieh nhflng gi dang diln ra trong thfle tien cudc sdng cdn rat han chl Do

dd, sfl dung cac cau hdi theo hinh thflc ciia PISA de kiem tra giflp eho vile chuyen doi tii phfldng thfle danh gia kien thflc sang danh gia nang Iflc cia ngUdi hgc cung la mpt xu hfldng phfl hdp Ddnh gid theo hinh thflc nay c6 the tao cd hdi nhin nhan mdt each khi todn dien

ve nhflng "ki ndng cd bdn", "nang lUc cd nhdn"

raa hpe sinh dat dUpe, de tfl dd dfla ra cae bien phap ddi mdi phfldng phap day bge va kilm tra, ddnh gid

2.4 Quy trinb thUchien Bude 1: Xae dinh chuan kien thfle, ki

nang, thdi dd efla bai hpc theo chfldng trinh biln hanh T i do xac dinh cac ki ning cua nang Iflc thUc hdnh thi nghiim cd the hinh thdnh va phat triln eho hpc sinh trong qua trinh day hgc ndi trln

Budc 2: Xae dinh cic loai clu hdi/bdi tap

ddnh gia nang lUc (kiln thfle, ki nang, thii do) cua hpc sinh trong bai hpc theo cae raflc ylu clu can dat, danh gia ki nang thfle biln ciia hpe sinh

Budc 3: Biln soan cau hdi/bdi tap minh

hpa cho cae m i e do d l md td Vdi mdi miic

dp cia mdi loai can biln so^n nhilu cau hdi/bai tap d l minh hpa

2.5 Mot so bdi tbUc bdnh minh boa

(1) B A I THlTC H A N H 1

Hinh thai hoa

BUdc L Muc tiiu

* Ddnh gid ki nang thao tde bang tay tren

mau hoa

Budc 2 Xae dinh loai eau hdi/ bdi tap va

ki nang cln dat

3 bdi tap trong bdi thflc hdnh tflpng flng

vdi 3 mflc cln dat cia ki nang nlu trln:

Mflc 1 - bai tip 1: Dinh gid ki nang nhan

biet clu tao cd bdn cia hoa Id chdi r i t ggn,

Mfle 2 - bdi tap 2: Sau khi nhan biet ede

thanh phan eau tao cia hoa, tiep tue danh gia

ki nang thao tae bang tay tren mau (tach vd

ghim eae thanh phan eau tao)

Mfle 3 - bai tap 3: Bfldc dau danh gia ki

nang phan loai hoa efla hpe sinh thdng qua

viee xic dinh kieu dinh noan

Budc 3 Xay diing cic clu hdi/ bdi tap

danh gia

Bdi tap 1 Quan sat mlu hoa bfldi

Diln ki hieu "'^" vao clu tra Idi dung

trong eae clu sau:

a Chi cd eae eanh dai tao nln

(1) trdng hoa

(2) ddi hoa

(3) bao hoa

(4) d l hoa

b Chi CO cic canh ddi tao nen vdng xoan eia

(1) trdng hoa

(2) ddi hoa

(3) bao hoa

(4) de hoa

Bai tap 2 Tach riing edc thdnh phan cia hoa bfldi

Sfl dung ghim d l ghim cae phin cia hoa len bang dflng mau:

> Ghim da cam dflng d l ghim cinh dai

> Ghim mdu trang dflng d l ghim trdng hoa (eanh hoa)

> Ghim mau vang dung de ghim bao phin

> Ghim mdu tim dflng d l ghim ehi nhi

> Ghim mdu xanh Id cay dimg de ghim vdi nhuy

> Ghim mdu xanh da trdi ding d l ghim dau nhuy

> Ghim mau den dung de ghim bau Bai tip 3: Dflng ki hiiu "x" d l ehi ehinh xle kieu dinh noln trong blu cfla hoa bfldi: (i) Dinh noan bin

(ii) Dinh noan trung tru (iii) Dinh noan vach (iv) Dinh noln gifla tfl do ( 2 ) B A I T H U ' C H A N H 2

Nhan biet va phdn loai cac mau thflc vat

cd hoa dfla vdo cdc dac dilm giai phlu va

hinh thdi Bi^dc i Muc tiiu

* Dinh gia Id nang thfle hdnh lam tiiu bdn cat ngang edc phin cia thfle vat

* Danh gia Id nang sfl dung kinh biln vi

vd quan sat mau

Budc 2 Xae dinh loai clu hdi/ bll tap va

k! ndng cln dat

Mdc

1

Mc

2

Mile

3

MiJc

4

Ket quS quan

sat-flanh gia ki nang iam

tieu ban eat ngang cae

phan cua thilcvat

Mau eat khong quan

hoae nhupm hoae do

khong sis dung duac

kinh hien vi

Quan sat diioc mau

nhung co loi do eae kl

nang tren chUa thanh

thao

Mau quan sat tot,

danh gia kT nang tot

Hgc smh dien dflng eae

thong tin trong bang,

danh gia ki nang quan

sat tot, cd kh3 nang

vin dung kien thDc If

thuyet da hpe trong

bai thuc hanh

Cau 2 - 3 : f l a n h

biet cau tao giai

phau Ctf bhn di

thifc vat va ki

nang phan loai

Tich dung 15

Tich dung 2 - 3

6

Tieh dung c3 4 6

Cau 3:

fianh gia

kl nang sil' dung kmh hiin vi

Mau khong quan sat duoc

Mau quan sat dupe

Budc 3 Xdy dflng clu hdi danh gii

Gido vien gidi thieu edeh ldm :

(1) Sfl dung dao lam, eat lat cit mdng theo

chieu ngang radi mlu tfl 1 den mlu 4

(2) Dat cae mlu vfla elt Iln tam kinh

mong (lam kinh) vd nho 1 gipt toluen xanh

len dl nhupm mau vd nhd 1 gipt nfldc len

mau dd

(3) Day lamen mdng len mau vat (cd gang

tranh de ed cdc bpt khi khi dat tam lamen) vd

thim bdt thude nhupm thfla bang each dat

gdc cia mdnh gily mdng vao canh eia lamen

(4) Luc dau quan sit dfldi kinh hien vi vdl

mat kinh phdng dai 4x vd sau dd tang Iln lOx

hole 40x Quan sat clu true efla cde md dfldi

kinh hiin vi

Hgc sinh trd ldi cdu hoi:

Clu 1 Dfla vdo ket qui quan sat cac mlu thflc vat tfl 1 din 4, chpn chfl cli phu hdp trong cot ghi tfl "Tra ldi" vl diln chi cai dd vao c^t ghi rad/cd quan cdn bd trdng trong bang sau:

m\ts\

A = la

B = than

C = re

D = cuong la Clu 2 Quan sat mlu da Idm tfl s6 1 din 4 Xae dinh dd Id mau efla thUe vat mdt la mam hay hai 11 mim va ghi clu trd ldi bang each ddnh diu "*^" vdo edt phfl hpp trong bing sau:

Mau so

1

2

3

4 Mo/cdquan

MSu thac vat

1

2

3

4 M6tlamam Hal Ij mam

Cdu 3 Khi hpc sinh hoan thdnh eau 2, dat tam kinh mdng vdi mau cat vd nhupm tot nhat Iln kinh hiin vi, dilu chinh tieu cfl cua kinh hien vl d l nhin rd mlu vat Giao viln se kiem tra mau cat va ki thudt cat mau eua hpe sinh

( 3 ) B A I T H V C H A N H 3

Phat hien nguyen t6 khodng magie (Mg)

trong dung dich tro thiic vlt

Bude 1 Xa.e dinh muc tiiu

* Ddnh gia ki nang phat hien cac hoat ddng sinh li d thflc v^t

* Danh gia ki nang sfl dung cac dung cu thflc hdnh thi nghiim

8 8 TfiUONG OAI HOC H A I PHdNG

Bude 2 Xic dinh loai eau hdi/ bai tap vd

Id nang cln dat

Milel

Mile 2

Mile 3

Phan thue hinh theo

hirdng dan: Sanh gia kl

nang sCi: dung cac do

dung thuc hanh

Khong dat

Qat

Tot

Cau tr3c nghifm 1, 2, 3 Oanh gia kf nang phat hien cac hoat dong sinh ti

d thuc vat Sal ed 2 cau Sung 1 eau Sung ca 2 cau

Bfldc 3 Xay dflng cdu hoi ddnh gia

Gidi thieu

Mau thflc vlt dem ddt hoan toan thdnh

tro, cac nguyen t6 khodng dflde gifl Iai trong

tro thUc vat Dem tro ndy boa trdn vao axit

HCI 10% vdi ty 11 nhat dinh, sau do chiet lly

dieh trong Cae nguyin td khoang ed trong tro

thfle vat se tdn tai dfldi dang raudi hoa tan

trong dieh chiet

Bang cae phdn i n g hod hgc die trUng si

phdt hien sfl ed mat cua eae nguyin td khoang

nay dfldi dang eae tinh the muoi, soi trln kinh

bien vi ching cd hinh t h i nhit dinh

Vdt lieu, hod chdt vd dung cu

Vat lieu

Dung dich tro thuc vat chiet bang HCI

10%

Otfnvi

Lp khoang ibml

So liTtfng

1

Dungcu

Kinh hien vi

tam kinh

Ben con

Diem

Sua thijytmhnhfi, nhpn dau

Pipet nho gipt

Coc th£iy tmh loai 250ml dung

nUdctrang pipet

Gang tay

CJi Cai Cai Hop Cai Cai Cai BOI 1

Vat lieu SDnvj So

luong

Hodclidt

Dung dieh KK4OK10%

DungdiehNa]HP04 2%

Lo khoing 1 10ml

Lp khoing 1

10ml 1

Cdc budc tiin hdnh thi nghiem Bude 1: Dung pipet nhd mgt gigt dich tro

Iln Iam kinh, tilp tue nhd len trln dung dieh tro mdt gipt dung dieh NH4OH 10% dl trung hod axit trong dich tro

Budc 2: Cich gipt dich tro khodng 2em

nhd rapt gipt dung dich natri hidrophotphat, Na2HP04 2% Lay dua thiy tinh nho, nhpn diu ndi liln gipt dieh tro va gipt dung dich natri hidrophotphat, gat di gat lai 5 lan tao ra nhflng dfldng ndi mdnh Phan flng se xay ra d dfldng ndi liln 2 gipt dich dd

Budc 3: Hd nhe lam kinh qua din edn cho

phan flng de xiy ra Magie (Mg) trong dung dich tro Id MgCIz phdn flng vdi NH4OH vd Na2HP04 xay ra nhfl sau:

MgCh + NHj + Na2HP04 -^

NH4MgP044' + 2NaCl

Budc 4: Quan sat de tim tinh thi mudi

amoni magiephotphat ket tfla d trln lam kinh bang kinh hien vi, vdt kinh lOx Sau dd

ve hinh md phdng tinh t h i muoi quan sit dflde, md ta ngan gpn tinh the muoi vdo philu trd Idi

Ngay sau khi hgc sinh hodn thdnh thi nghiem, gido viin xde nhan kit qud thi nghiem Trd ldi ede cdu hoi:

Hay chpn mot phfldng an ding duy nhit

de tra ldi cdc clu hdi trae nghiem sau day, ghi kit qua vao philu trd Idi:

Cdu hdi 3.1 Sfl hut khoang d thfle vat bi

anh budng do thieu

A anh sang xanh tim vd hdng dd eho

quang hdp

B khdng bao trung tim

C nUde trong dat

D vi sinh vat cpng sinh vdi rl cay

E s i chenh lech ndng do dich bdo vl

ngodi mdi trfldng

Cdu hdi 3.2 Vai trd eua magie ddi vdi

thflc vlt la

A Idm vflng chac te bdo vd md thfle vat

B can cho phin giai chat beo

C tham gia vd clu true cia vdng porphyrin

D dilu chinh ddng md khi khdng

E xie tae tdng hdp chip lpe

ThUe nghiem sU pham

Chflng tdi dl triln khai td chflc cac bdi

kiem tra, danh gia eho 35 HS Idp 11 ehuyin

sinh d trfldng THPT chuyin Tran Phi, Hdi

Phdng 2015- 2016 trong qua trinh d^y bge

ehuyin dl Sinh li thflc vat theo quy trinh da

dera

Sfl dung cdc bdi Idem tra dflde thiet ke

theo quy trinh ddi radi, ehflng tdi da ed the

bfldc diu dinh lfldng cac ki nang thflc hdnh

cfla hgc sinh, trong dd khoang 30% sd hpe

sinh dat raflc 1, 50% sd hpc sinh dat m i e 2 va

20% dat mfle 3 - 4 Ddng thdi, tl 11 HS dat

dddc d cae m i c do d giai doan dau thfle

nghiim trln eae tieu ehi c h i ylu d mflc 1 va

mfle 2, den gifla thfle nghiim vd cudi thflc

nghiim ti le HS dat m i c 3 tang Iln dang ke

Phan tich riing bilt mdt sd hpe sinh cung eho

thiy thdng qua cdc bai thUc hdnh dfldc thiet ke

theo quy trinh ndy thi edc m i c dp dat dfldc cia NLHT tang len theo eae bai thflc nghiem

vd sfl tang nay cd ^ nghia Dilu dd chflng to id vile ddi mdi Idem tra, dinh gid cd tinh kha thi Sau khi thUe nghiim, kit qui chung eho thay cde ki nang thflc hdnh, thi nghiem co sil tang Iln ro ret theo ehilu hUdng tich cflc

3 Ket luan va kien nghj

3.1 Ket ludn

Ddi mdi phUdng phap kiem tra, danh gia vile day vl hpe thflc hanh sinh hgc; thdng qua thilt ke bai kilm tra, ddnh gid da phat huy tinh tich cflc, dde lap, sing tao cfla hpe sinh, tang cfldng thfle hanh, gan npi dung day viSi thfle tien euge sdng Vile thilt k l bdi thi danh gia radi ndy se tiln hdnh ddng thdi vdi doi mdi phfldng phdp day hpc trong do sfl dyng phfldng tien day hpc radi Kl thfla vd phdt triln nhflng ra^t tich cflc trong phfldng phdp ddnh gia truyin thdng ddng thdi ap dung phfldng phap danh gid hien dai p h i hdp vdi ndi dung ddi radi sach gido khoa Thdng qua eae bai kiem tra ching tdi nhdn thiy:

- Hpc sinh hflng thu hpe bai lam cho cac

em hang say hpc hdn vi cdc em da dflng kiln thfle saeh giao khoa de giai quylt cac van de thflc t l md cdc em gap phdi

- Trong qua trinh ldm bai hpc sinh phat huy hit nang lflc eo dflpc de tra ldi cac cdu hdi trie nghiim ddn gidn, clu hdi complex (clu trac nghiim nhieu Iila chpn, clu dung -sai, ghep - ndi, tra Idi ngan ) hpe sinh khdng the doan md dflpc ma phdi van dung kien t h i e da hpc, cdc clu hdi md da giup eho eae em dfla ra n h i n g nhan dinh dfla vdo kiln thfle sach giao khoa d l dflpc hpc dl

9 0 TRUdNG BAI HOCHAI PHONG

gidi quyet cdc tinh hudng thflc tiln ma cac

em gap phdi

- Kiem tra, ddnh gia bang cac cau hdi, bai

tdp theo quy trinh dfldc thiet ke da van dung

dfldc nhilu phUdng phdp ddnh gid khac nhau,

trac nghiem, quan sit, lam thi nghiim, dUa ra

nhan dinh cua hpe sinh NhU vay, da ehuyen

t i ddnh gia ehu trgng din kiln thie sang

dinh gia qua trinh, cdch thie hpc sinh nam

dUde kiln thflc dd nhfl t h i nao c h i trpng din

ki nang cd ban, nang lUe ea nhan

- De xay dUng eic bai thfle hanh nhara

Idera tra, ddnh gid ning lfle cia hpe sinh can

xac dinh rd dae diem ddi tfldng, bai hpe t i do

thflc hien theo quy trinh ddi mdi danh gia

- Cd the sfl dung edc bdi kilm tra, danh gid

de bide diu phan ra ndng lUc thfle hanh cia

hpe sinh hgc tfl 3 - 4 m i c dp ciia moi ki nang

3.2 Kien nghi

3.2.1 Doi vdi cac cdp quan li

- Ban Gidra hieu bam sat cdc van ban cia

Sd Gilo due va Ddo tao de v^n dung va xiy

dflng k l hoaeh thflc hien ddi mdi kiem tra,

danh gia theo hfldng phat trien nang Ifle e i a

hpc sinh, tien hdnh trien khai tdi eae td,

nhdm ehuyin mdn

- Td chflc hudng dan vd trien khai cu the

vile day hpc thfle hdnh thi nghiem theo xu

hfldng ddi mdi phfldng phdp day hpe, tilp can

nang Ifle ciia hpe sinh

3.2.2 Doi vdi to, nhom chuyen mon

- Td chic cdc eude smh boat td nhdm

chuyin radn d l eing trao ddi, thdo luin nam

chac ndi dung kilm tra, dinh gii hfldng tdi

hinh thdnh va phat trien nang lfle efla hpc smb

- Xiy dUng kl hoach thUe hien viee ddi mdi kilm tra, danh gia theo hudng phat trien nang lUc eia hpc sinh ddi vdl eae bai thUe banh thi nghiim

3.2.3 Doi vdi gido vien

- Xay dflng ke hoach ddi mdi Idem tra,

ddnh gid cho ed nhdn ddi vdi vile day hpc thflc hanh, thi nghiim

- Tang efldng xiy dUng "Ngudn hpc lieu

md" (thu viln) edu hdi, bai tdp, de thi, ke hoaeh

bai day, tai Ulu tham khao cd chat Iflpng tren mang tai dia cbi:

http:// truonghoeketnoi.edu.vn TAILI$UTHAMKHAO

1 Hd Sy Anh (2011), De xudt gidi phdp ddnh gid chdt lUdng hgc sinh phi thdng Viit Nam, Ki yeu Hdi thao Khoa hgc Gido

due efla Bd Gido due va Dao tao, tap 1, Hdi Phdng

2 Hd Sy Anh (2013), Tim hieu vi kiim tra, ddnh gid hgc sinh vd doi mdi kiem tra, ddnh gid theo hUdng tiip can ndng lUc Tap

ehi Khoa hpc - Trfldng Dai hpc Sfl pham

TP Hd Chi Minh, sd 50, tiiang 9/2013

3 Bd Giao due vd Dao tao (2011), So tay PISA, Hd Ndi

4 Bd Gilo due vd Ddo tao (2014), Tdi lieu tdp hudn PISA 2015 vd cdc dqng cau hdi

do OECD phdt hdnh tinh vUc khoa hgc

5 Le Van Hong (2011), MUc dp nghiin ciiu eong nghi gido due theo quan diem Thdy thiit ki - Trd thi cdng Ki ylu Hpi thao

Khoa hoe Gido dpc Viet Nam, Hdi Phdng

6 Phan Thi Thanh Hdi, Trln Khanh Ngpe

(2015), Dinh hudng ddnh gid ndng lUc

ngUdi hgc trong dqy hgc sinh hgc d trUdng

trung hgc cd sd, Ki yeu Hdi thao day hpe

theo dinh hfldng hinh thdnh vd phdt triln

nang lflc eho ngfldi hpc trong trfldng pho

thdng, Hd Npi

Tran Kieu (2012), Mpt sd nhdn xet ve qud

trinh phdt trien chUdng trinh gido due pho

thdng Viet Nam tii ndm 1945 din nay, Ki

ylu Hpi thao "Tdng kit nghiin e i u gido

due phd thdng cia Vilt Nam va mdt sd

nfldc trln t h i gldl, de xuat hfldng nghien

eiu tiep theo vl ddi mdi gido due phd

thdng sau nam 2015 cfla Vilt Nam", Bd

Gido due va Ddo tao, Hd Ndi

TU dien bach khoa Sinh hgc Nha xuat ban

Khoa hoc va Ki thult Ha Ndi, 2002

IMPROVEMENT IN ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION IN TEACHING PRACTICAL LESSONS AND EXPERIMENTS

IN PLANT ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Asbtract The innovative teaching methods must be carried out synchronously with innovative testing and evaluation in order to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning The evaluation is generally based on capacity development of students in such aspects as general capacities, specialized capacities; however, the assessment of competence to practice is slightly mentioned In the framework of this article we, thereby, initially determine the current status of teaching practice in schools and the design of the tests

to identiiy the cognitive abihty level of high school students after doing laboratory experienmental exercises on anatomy and physiology of plants, through which teachers could design a method of constructing rational questions to evaluate students' competency in practice and it also helps educational managers to have accurate measurements in assessing students after their completion of the plant anatomy and physiology course

Keywords: competence assessment, practical capacity, plant physiology

9 2 TRL/ONG BAI HOC H A I P H O N G