NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG /fH df Si so TANG CUdNG KHA NANG VAN DUNG KIEN TH0C VAO THlJC TE CUA HOC SINH BANG VIEC XAY DUNG CAD HOI Md TRONG DE THI MON DIA LI L^P 12 ThS NsuySn van Thii Trudng DHSP BH Bd N[.]
Trang 1/fH.df-Si
so
TANG CUdNG KHA NANG VAN DUNG KIEN TH0C VAO THlJC TE CUA HOC SINH BANG VIEC XAY DUNG CAD HOI Md TRONG DE THI MON DIA LI L^P 12
ThS NsuySn van Thii
Trudng DHSP - BH Bd Ndng SUMMARY
Building and using of open-^nded questions in geography exams for grade 12, highschools, enhances the students 'abilities to use knowledge of actual It is also a way to help teachers rate the learning outcomes
of students in approaches capacity To build a good open-ended questions system, teachers need to select the forms, substantive orientation before choosing arui writing questions Also, to be able to build a system
of open questions that are varied, consistent and meet the requirements of each test in the lesson content, teachers themselves need to rich sources of questions, develop types of questions which ask students to answer based on multiple base
Keywords: open-ended questions; geography exams; 12 graded geography
Ng^ nh^n bdi: 10/6/2014; Ng^ duyp d&ng: 25/6/2014
I Cau hdi mit trong d l thi mdn Bja 1( Idp 12
ghip ting cudmg kh& nflag v | n dyng kiin thiiv vio
thyc te cua h^c sinh (HS)
1 Quan ni^m vi cdu hdi md trong di thi mSn
Dia lildp 12
Thdng thudng, cd hai dgng ciu hdi ehinh Ii ciu
hdi ddng vi ciu hdi md Diim khie nhau giO'a chiing
li trong cau hdi ddng ciu tri Idi cd sin cic phuong in
tri Idi df lya chpn, cdn trong ciu hdi md ciu tri Idi
khdng dupe dua ra trudc di lya chpn mi ddi tupng
phai ty tra ldi Sy phan bift tren thi hifn rd trong cie
ciu hoi diiu tra (bang hdi) Trong hogt ddng dgy hpc,
ciu hdi md khdng ehi don thudn Ii ciu hdi khdng cd
ciu tri Idi cd dinh, nhifu hon thi, dd li nhihig ciu
hoi df HS khai thic, dio siu thdm thdng tin, yfu ciu
HS ty bao vf -^ kiin vi giii thich Ii do eiia minh, kich
thich HS suy nghi vi dua ra nhiiu quan diim ho|c cd
thi dupc d^t ra vdi mye dich biit kiin thirc vi cam
xuc eua ngudi hpe vi mpt diiu gl dd
D6i vdi mdn Dja li Idp 12 THPT, eiu hdi md
dupc quan nifm li nhOng eau hdi yeu ciu HS vin
dyng kifn thirc, kT ning tdng hpp vio giii quyit vdn
de trong thyc tifn hpc tgp vi cudc sdng Xdt ve miic
dd tu duy dd Ii nhQng eau hdi mang tinh chdt vgn
dyng, so sinh, phin tich, tdng hpp vi dinh gii Sy
phin chia tren dupe tiip ein bdi quan dif m dinh gii
ning lye eiia ngudi hpe vi xu hudng xiy dyng di thi
mdn Dja Ii trong nhOng nim gdn day
Tren co sd dd, cd thi xie djnh dupc 4 dgng eiu
hdi md quan trpng trong di thi mdn Dja li Idp 12
gdm: cau hdi gin vdi kfnh hinh trong sich giio khoa
(SGK), cau hdi gin vdi Atlat Dja II Vift Nam, dgng
ciu hdi nguyfn nhin - kft qua v i eiu hdi Iifn hf thyc tiln Nhu v|.y, nhihig eiu hoi yeu cdu HS nhd, trinh biy Igi kiin thiic co bin trong SGK, m{ic dii khdng
cd sin ciu tra Idi trudc di lya chpn vdn khdng thufc dgng ciu hdi md, dd li nhihig ciu hdi ddng
2 MOt s6 d^c diim cda cdu hdi md trong di thi mdn Bla li ldp 12
Cdc cdu hoi md thudng dugc sir dyng di ddnh gid ndng lyc HS Cd nghia Ii dinh gii khi ning vin
dyng kiin thirc, kl ning Dja li dS hpe vio giii quyit mpt vin di (ed Iifn quan) d§t ra trong thyc tien hpc t§p hojc cudc sdng cua HS VI thi nhdng kiin thfltc
eo ban hpc dupc trong SGK khdng bio dim HS sf
ed mdt ciu tri Idi tit cho ciu hdi md vi hpc thudc Idng kiin thiic mpt cich miy mdc mi khdng biit v§n dyng, phit triin chCing sf khdng dupc dinh gii cao Ciing cd nhiiu ciu hdi md yfu cdu HS trinh biy nh§n tiiirc, thii dd ban thin vi mdt vdn di dang dupc xi hpi quan tim, diiu niy ddi hdi ning lyc tu duy tdng hpp vi kha ning Iifn hf thyc tien ciia HS
Cdu hoi md kiem tra ndng lyc tu duy cua HS d muc dg cao Trong ma tr^n dh thi, eic ciu hdi md
chii yiu ndm d mire dinh gii thii hai, thir ba (thdng hiiu vi vgn dyng) khdng phii d mire thOr nhdt (nh^ln biit) NghTa Ii eiu hdi hudng din kiim tra kl ning
thye hinh, dk tri ldi cic ciu hdi niy HS phii tiin
hinh cic thao tic tu duy d mire eao nhu so sinh, phan tich, tdng hpp, dinh gii v i ky ning quan sit,
tu duy Dja II, khdng dan giin Ii nhd vi.tii hifn Igi tri thiic da hpc
Cdc cdu hoi ma thudng su dyng mgt sd tir di hoi d<^ trung Trong ciu hdi md, cic tir di hdi nhir tgi
Trang 2sao, nhu tiii nio, hiy giii thich, tgi sao ndi Trong
khi cic eau hdi ddng thudng ddng cic tii di hdi nhu:
hiy nfu, hiy irinh biy, cho biit, ki tfn
3 Uu diim cua sir dyng cdu hdi md trong
trong di thi Bfa llldp 12
Dk thi dupe xiy dyng vdi myc dieh kiim tra,
dinh gii kit qui hpc tgp ciia HS Trong di thi Dja Ii
nhin thCrc cua HS d miic d^ cao trfn c i hai m ^ kiin
thiic vi kT ning, vifc chdm bii kiim tia s€ linh dpng
hon vl khdng bj gd bd trong cie ciu, -j nhu d ciu hdi
ddng Ddi vdi HS, khi lim cic ciu hdi md, cic em ed
thi phit hiiy Wnh sing tgo, ty do difn dgt y tudng vi
sir dyng vdn kifn thiie tdng hpp ciia minh Tdm Igi,
sir dyng ciu hdi md trong di thi mdn Dja Ii giiip GV
kiim tra khi ning vin dyng kiin thiie vio thyc ti,
dinh gii dupc ning tye eua HS
Mdt sd diim khic nhau trong sii dyng eau hdi
d6ng vi ciu hdi md
Ti£u chi 1 Ciu hdi ddng | Cfiu h5i miy
Viphla GV
Miic df dinh gii
Phgm vi kiim tra
Kiiu dinh gii
Hudng ddn chdm
Nh§n biit, thdng
hiiu
Kiin tiiiic
Tiip c&n ndi dung
Gd bd trong cic
ciu, y
Thdng hiiu, vin dyng Kiin thirc vi kT ning Tiip c§n ning lyc Linh ddng hon
VephiaHS
Tinh sing tgo
trong bii lim
Cich thiic trinh
biy
Ngudn kiin thiJrc
lim bii
Thdp
Thudng theo
khudn mdu
SGK GV eung
cdp
Cao
Ty do dien dgt
;? tudng SGK, GV cung cdp, kien thirc xahdi
II Tflng cirjrng khi ning v$n dyng kiin thiic
vio thyc ti cua HS bSng vifc xfiy dyng cau bdi md
trong di thi mdn Dja If Idp 12
/ Binh hudng xdy dyng m^t si dyng cdu hoi
md
Ddi vdi dgng cdu hot md gdn vdi kinh hinh
Irong SGK Atlat Dia li Viit Nam Kfnh hinh trong
SGK Dja Ii Idp 12 gdm nhiiu logi khic nhau (bin
dd, lupc dd, so dd, biiu dd, bing sd lifu) vi trong
mdt logi cQng c6 nhiiu dgng GV cd thi dya vio sy
da dgng ciia kfnh hinh de xay dyng ciu hdi md phd hpp vdi mue tiSu va npi dung mudn kifm tra Ddi vdi bing sd lifu tiidng ke, GV cd tiif khai tiiic tiieo
2 hudng: I) Dua ra cie bang sd lifu sau dd yfu ciu
HS tinh toin mdt sd ehi tifu dya vio cie chi tieu di cho (vi dy: cho gii trj sin xudt ndng, lam nghifp vi nginh, nhgn xet - Bii 20; eho gii tri sin xudt nginh trdng trpt, ygu ciu tinh tdc dd ting trudng gii trj sin xuit nganh trdng trpt theo tiing nhdm ciy tidng - Bii 23), sau dd yeu cdu HS nhin xdt, giii thieh 2) Cho bing sd lifu thdng ke yfu ciu HS vg biiu dd thieh hpp vi nhgn xet £>6i vdi cic dgng kfnh hinh khic
vi Atlat Dja li Vift Nam, GV cd tiif djnh hudng xiy dyng ciu hdi md bin^ eieh yfu cdu HS dya vio cic ban dd, lupe dd, so dd ho^c biiu dd df chimg minh, nhdt djnh do minh lya ehpn
Doi vdi cdu hoi nguyin nhdn - kit qud Xiy dyng
eic ciu hdi md dang niy GV cdn dya trfn eo sd khai
sy v§t, thinh phdn, hifn tupng vi qui trinh dja li Cic mdi lifin hf dja li dgng nguyfn nhin - kit qui quan
ti vi cie d$c diim ty nhiSn 2) Mdi quan hf gitta cic ngudn lyc phit triin nhu vj tri dja ly, dja hinh, dit dai, khi hiu, sdng ngdi, til ngu;/fn khoing sin, sinh v&t, diiu kifn xi hdi vi d^c diim phit trifn kinh ti
Vi dy: Tgi sao ddng bing sdng Ciiu Long trd thinh vdng nudi ci, tdm Idn nhdt nude ta? Tgi sao eic khu cdng nghifp tgp tiling Igi phin bd chu yiu d Ddng Nam Bd, ddng bing sdng Hdng vi Duyen hii miin tiung? 3) Mdi quan hf giifa phit triin kinh ti - xi hdi
vi eic vdn di vi mdi trudng VI dy: Tgi sao trong qui trinh phit triin kinh ti d Dong Nam Bd phii ehd J din vifc bio vf mdi trudng? Tgi sao phii d$t vdn di sir dyng hpp li vi cai tgo ty nhifn d ddng bine sdng Cim Long? Vdi dgng eau hdi niy, GV yeu ciu HS cic dgng ciu hdi niy sau cie ciu hdi trinh biy mpt van df nao dd vi dimg cie tir di hdi nhu: vi sao, nguyf n nhan nio, hiy giii tiiich, giy ra hgu qui gi
Doi voi cdu hdi liin hi thuc tiin Diy li dgng
eiu hdi yfu ciu HS vgn dyng kiin thiie da hpc di giii tiiich mpt hifntuyng ty nhien ho|c kinh ti
-xi hpi trong thyc tiln dang li vin di dupe -xi hpi quan tam Nhu vgy, khi xiy dyng dgng eiu hdi niy,
GV phii lya ehpn nhihig npi dung kiin thirc trong
tinh thdi sy, tiiudng dupe dk cip trfn cie phuang
tifn tiidng tin dgi chiing Mpt s6 vdn di ndi bit hifn
Trang 3nay cd thi khai thic di xiy dyng cie ciu hdi md
dgng lien hf thyc tiln trong dd thi mdn Dja Ii Ii:
vdn di chii quyin vi phit trien kinh t i viing biin
dio; vdn di gia ting din sd, lao dOng vifc lam, dd
thj hda; mpt sd vdn di ndi bit eua timg nginh, tiing
nguyfn, d nhilm mdi trudng, thien tai v i eie bifn
phap phdng trinh thien tai
2 Mpt so luu f khi xfiy dyng ciu hdi md trong
di thi Dja If Idp 12
GVcdn da dgng hda kinh hinh nhdm ldm phong
phu ngudn xdy dyng cdc cdu hoi ma Kfnh hinh
trong SGK tuy da dgng nhung so vdi yfu eiu vi sd
lupng ciu hdi vi sy thay ddi di thi qua cae nim thl
de xiy dyng eiu hdi md Trong khi dd, mpt sd dgng
nhu lupc dd, so dd, nhit li bieu do, bing sd lifu
ed the ty xiy dyng dupe mpt cich khi dan giin Do
dd, GV cd the thu thap eie thdng tin, sd lifu thdng kf
vi sii dyng eic kT ning eiia minh df bifn tgp ehting
nhim tgo ra ngudn mdi di xay dyng eic ciu hdi md
Vifc tgo ngudn mdi niy vira ting thfm kfnh di da
dgng cie ciu hdi theo mong mudn vCra giiip GV xiy
dyng eie cau hdi phii hpp vdi mye dieh, tinh chit
eiia bii kiem tra, phil hpp vdi nhifu ddi tupng HS
Bfn egnh dd, thdng qua qui trinh niy eic thdng tin,
sd lifu dupe cgp nhgt mdi nen phin inh thyc te gdn
hon, nhit li ddi vdi cic sd lifu thdng kf kinh te - xi
hdi v6n thay ddi nhanh ehdng
Cdu hdi md cd thi yiu cdu HS dua trin nhiiu
ca sa di trd ldi Bfn cgnh eic eau hdi yeu ciu HS
dya vio mdt bang sd lifu, so do de chiing minh
trong eic eiu hdi dgng md, GV nfn xay dyng eiu
hdi theo kiiu kit hpp nhim gliip HS ed them cin cii
tra Idi cau hdi, sit dyng vdn hiiu biit ciia e i nhin,
eic kien thirc xi hpi vio giii quyit vin df d^t ra
Mpt sd dgng ciu hdi cd thf sii dyng la "dya vio lupc
dd/bing sd lifu/so dd vi lupc dd/bing sd lifu/so
dd hiy giai thich/ehirng minh " hoic "dya vio
lupc dd/bang sd lifu/biiu dd kit hpp vdi hifu biit cua minh/kiin thuc da hpc em hiy giii thfeh/chimg minh " VI dy: Quan sit hinh 25 v i dya vio kiin tinic da hpc, hay giii thich tgi sao kinh t i trang trgi igi rdt phit triin d Ddng bing sdng Cim Long? - Bii 25; Dya vao cic trang Bin dd giao thdng, Kinh tf ehung eiia Atlat Dja If Vift Nam vi kifn thiic di hpc, hiy giii thieh tgi sao qudc Ip 1 Ii tuyin dudng quan trpng nhdt nudc ta (Df thi tdt nghifp mdn Dja
If - Giio dye THPT nam 2014); Dya vio Atlat Dja
li Vift Nam v i kiin thirc da hpc, hay phin tieh ^ nghTa Itinh ti eua vj trf dja H viing Trung du vi miin ndi Bic Bp?
Cdu hoi md dugc xdy dyng phdi de hiiu Nghia
Ii cau hdi phai rd df bao dam HS phai hifu cau hdi nhu Ii GV, ddng thdi phai chic chin HS nio cQng diu hiiu y nghia nhu nhau cho cimg mOt ciu hdi Cac ciu hdi md (nhit li dgng Iifn hf thyc tiln) thudng tgo cho HS sy ty do trong dien dgt J tudng, chii khdng theo mpt khudn mau djnh sin Tuy v|iy, vi m$t nfi dung cau tra Idi cin phii dgt dupe nhttng yfu cdu co ban vi diiu dd xuit phit tir vifc HS cd hiiu diing ciu hdi hay khdng Do dd, eie eiu hdi cin dupc thiit lgp don gian, ngdn gpn, dl hiiu, sir dyng ngdn tir hdng ngiy GV khdng nfn d^t cie ciu hdi ma hd, ghfp nhifu y, nhifu ngii' nghTa Khi xiy dyng cau hdi, GV phii xem xdt trinh dd, kiin thirc cua HS Ndi cich khie, cau hdi dupc xiy dyng phii phu hpp vdi trinh
dp nhgn thiic cua HS
Tii lifu tham khio
1 Le Thdng (Tdng ehu bien) (2010) Dia li 11
NXB Giio dye Vift Nam
2 Trang tin Bio mdi "Cdch thuc nhgn dgng vd trd ldi cdu hoi md trong di thi tot nghiip THPT mdn Diali" http://www.baomoi.eom, I4/4/20I4
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TIEP CAN NANG LUC THUC HIEN
thift thyc, dim bio myc tieu phit triin ngudn nhin
lyc chit lupng eao, timg budc gdp phin diy nhanh
tdc dp CNH, HDH dit nudc
Tii lifu tham khio
I Chiin lupc phit triin Dgy nghi thdi k^ 2011
-2020
(Tiep theo trang 29) 2; 3 Bio eio tdng quan vi dio tgo nghi d Vift
4 Vifn nghifn ciiii phit triin giio dye chuyfn
nghifp (2011), Dd Mgnh Cudng, Mgt sd vdn di vi dgy hgc tich hgp trong ddo tgo nghi hiin nay 5; 6 Nguyin Dde Trf, Phan Chinh Thii-c (2010), Mgt sd vdn di vi qudn ly ca sa dgy nghi